1
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Arii H, Nakane D, Nakao K, Masuda H, Kawashima T. Dehydrogenative Annulation of Silylated 1 H-Indoles with Alkynes via Silyl Migration. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37449923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the dehydrogenative annulation of silylated 1H-indole derivatives with alkynes to synthesize a silole-fused indole. The addition of the in situ generated silylium ion to alkynes was followed by the sila-Friedel-Crafts reaction via silyl migration, realizing regioselective dehydrogenative annulation controlled by the steric bulkiness of a base. The optical properties of the obtained siloloindoles indicated fluorescence of which the intensity depends on the location of the fused silole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Arii
- Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakane
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakao
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
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2
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Laturski AE, Gaffen JR, Demay-Drouhard P, Caputo CB, Baumgartner T. Probing the Impact of Solvent on the Strength of Lewis Acids via Fluorescent Lewis Adducts. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2023; 1:49-56. [PMID: 37025975 PMCID: PMC10069026 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.2c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Various methods have been developed to measure the strength of a Lewis acid. A major challenge for these measurements lies in the complexity that arises from variable solvent interactions and perturbations of Lewis acids as their reaction environment changes. Herein, we investigate the impact of solvent effects on Lewis acids for the first time as measured by the fluorescent Lewis adduct (FLA) method. The binding of a Lewis acid in various solvents reveals a measurable dichotomy between both polarity and donor ability of the solvent. While not strictly separable, we observe that the influence of solvent polarity on Lewis acid unit (LAU) values is distinctly opposite to the influence of donor ability. This dichotomy was confirmed by titration data, illustrating that solvation effects can be appropriately and precisely gauged by the FLA method.
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3
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Coughlin O, Krämer T, Benjamin SL. Cationic Triarylchlorostibonium Lewis Acids. Organometallics 2023; 42:339-346. [PMID: 36937787 PMCID: PMC10015551 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Organopnictogen cations show promise as powerful, tunable main-group Lewis acid catalysts. The synthesis, solid-state structures, and reactivity of a series of weakly coordinated triarylchlorostibonium salts [Ar3SbCl][B(C6F5)4] (Ar = Ph, 3-FC6H4, 4-FC6H4, 3,5-F2C6H3, 2,4,6-F3C6H2) are reported. The cation in each adopts a tetrahedral coordination environment of antimony, with near complete separation from the anion. Structural, computational, and reactivity studies reveal that the Lewis acidity of [Ar3SbCl]+ generally increases with increased fluorination of the Ar substituents, with a secondary quenching effect from para fluorination. [Ar3SbCl]+ is reduced to Ar3Sb in the presence of Et3SiH, and the mechanism of this reaction has been modeled computationally. Preliminary studies demonstrate that they are useful catalysts for the dimerization of 1,1-diphenylethylene and the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Coughlin
- Department
of Chemistry, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K.
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Department
of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare W23 F2H6, Ireland
| | - Sophie L. Benjamin
- Department
of Chemistry, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K.
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4
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Reiß F, Villinger A, Brand H, Baumann W, Hollmann D, Schulz A. Low-Temperature Isolation of a Labile Silylated Hydrazinium-yl Radical Cation, [(Me 3 Si) 2 N-N(H)SiMe 3 ] .. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200854. [PMID: 35404528 PMCID: PMC9321631 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of silylated hydrazine, (Me3 Si)2 N-N(H)SiMe3 , with silver salts led to the formation of a highly labile hydrazinium-yl radical cation, [(Me3 Si)2 N-N(H)SiMe3 ].+ , at very low temperatures (decomposition > -40 °C). EPR, NMR, DFT and Raman studies revealed the formation of a nitrogen-centered radical cation along the N-N unit of the hydrazine. In the presence of the weakly coordinating anion [Al{OCH(CF3 )2 }4 ]- , crystallization and structural characterization in the solid state were achieved. The hydrazinium-yl radical cation has a significantly shortened N-N bond and a nearly planar N2 Si3 framework, in contrast to the starting material. According to DFT calculations, the shortened N-N bond has a total bond order of 1.5 with a π-bond order of 0.5. The π bond can be regarded as a three-π-electron, two-center bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Harald Brand
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Dirk Hollmann
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 3a18059RostockGermany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
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5
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Arii H, Nakao K, Masuda H, Kawashima T. Synthesis of 1-Silabenzo[ d, e]isochromanes via Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aldehydes Activated by Silylium Ion. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5166-5175. [PMID: 35187332 PMCID: PMC8851623 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A strong Lewis acid silylium ion was utilized for dehydrogenative annulation between dialkyl(1-naphthyl)silanes 1 and aldehydes 2. Silane 1a was reacted with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] in the presence of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine and aldehydes 2 to afford the annulation product, 1-silabenzo[d,e]isochromanes 3, in moderate isolated yields. The annulation occurred only at the 8-position on the 1-naphthyl group. The silylium ion-promoted hydrosilylation proceeded competitively to afford silyl ethers 4 via the same intermediates, silylcarboxonium ions, in the dehydrogenative annulation. The ratio of 3 and 4 was affected by solvents and the electronic properties of aromatic aldehydes; for example, the use of less polar solvents and that of benzaldehydes with an electron-withdrawing group at the para-position predominantly yielded 3. This annulation reaction was applicable to aldehydes bearing a heteroaromatic group and aliphatic alkyl groups. Judging from these results, both the formation of silylcarboxonium ions by in situ-generated silylium ions and the electrophilic aromatic substitution are important for this annulation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Arii
- Faculty
of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakao
- Department
of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya
Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho,
Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Masuda
- Department
of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya
Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho,
Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Gunma
University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515 Gunma, Japan
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6
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Bläsing K, Labbow R, Schulz A, Villinger A. Silylated Sulfuric Acid: Preparation of a Tris(trimethylsilyl)oxosulfonium [(Me 3 Si-O) 3 SO] + Salt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13798-13802. [PMID: 33913571 PMCID: PMC8251596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of silylated sulfuric acid, O2 S(OSiMe3 )2 (T2 SO4 , T=Me3 Si; also known as bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate), has been studied in detail with the aim of synthesizing the formal autosilylation products of silylated sulfuric acid, [T3 SO4 ]+ and [TSO4 ]- , in analogy to the known protonated species, [H3 SO4 ]+ and [HSO4 ]- . The synthesis of the [TSO4 ]- ion only succeeds when a base, such as OPMe3 that forms a weakly coordinating cation upon silylation, is reacted with T2 SO4 , resulting in the formation of [Me3 POT]+ [TSO4 ]- . [T3 SO4 ]+ salts could be isolated starting from T2 SO4 in the reaction with [T-H-T]+ [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- or T+ [CHB11 Br6 H5 ]- when a weakly coordinating anion is used as counterion. All silylated compounds could be crystallized and structurally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Rene Labbow
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 3a18059RostockGermany
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7
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Bläsing K, Labbow R, Schulz A, Villinger A. Silylierte Schwefelsäure: Herstellung eines Tris(trimethylsilyl)oxosulfonium[(Me
3
Si‐O)
3
SO]
+
‐Salzes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Rene Labbow
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
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8
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Bläsing K, Bresien J, Maurer S, Schulz A, Villinger A. Trimethylsilyl Pseudohalide Adducts of GaCl
3
and B(C
6
F
5
)
3. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Steffen Maurer
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Materialdesign Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie Universität Rostock A.-Einstein-Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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9
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Klare HFT, Albers L, Süsse L, Keess S, Müller T, Oestreich M. Silylium Ions: From Elusive Reactive Intermediates to Potent Catalysts. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5889-5985. [PMID: 33861564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The history of silyl cations has all the makings of a drama but with a happy ending. Being considered reactive intermediates impossible to isolate in the condensed phase for decades, their actual characterization in solution and later in solid state did only fuel the discussion about their existence and initially created a lot of controversy. This perception has completely changed today, and silyl cations and their donor-stabilized congeners are now widely accepted compounds with promising use in synthetic chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the fundamental facts and principles of the chemistry of silyl cations, including reliable ways of their preparation as well as their physical and chemical properties. The striking features of silyl cations are their enormous electrophilicity and as such reactivity as super Lewis acids as well as fluorophilicity. Known applications rely on silyl cations as reactants, stoichiometric reagents, and promoters where the reaction success is based on their steady regeneration over the course of the reaction. Silyl cations can even be discrete catalysts, thereby opening the next chapter of their way into the toolbox of synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Süsse
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Merk A, Bührmann L, Kordts N, Görtemaker K, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Intramolecular Halo Stabilization of Silyl Cations-Silylated Halonium- and Bis-Halo-Substituted Siliconium Borates. Chemistry 2021; 27:3496-3503. [PMID: 33184927 PMCID: PMC7898513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The stabilizing neighboring effect of halo substituents on silyl cations was tested for a series of peri‐halo substituted acenaphthyl‐based silyl cations 3. The chloro‐ (3 b), bromo‐ (3 c), and iodo‐ (3 d) stabilized cations were synthesized by the Corey protocol. Structural and NMR spectroscopic investigations for cations 3 b–d supported by the results of density functional calculations, which indicate their halonium ion nature. According to the fluorobenzonitrile (FBN) method, the silyl Lewis acidity decreases along the series of halonium ions 3, the fluoronium ion 3 a being a very strong and the iodonium ion 3 d a moderate Lewis acid. Halonium ions 3 b and 3 c react with starting silanes in a substituent redistribution reaction and form siliconium ions 4 b and 4 c. The structure of siliconium borate 4 c2[B12Br12] reveals the trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment of the silicon atom with the two bromo substituents in the apical positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Merk
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Lukas Bührmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Natalie Kordts
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Katharina Görtemaker
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
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11
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Jenne C, Nierstenhöfer MC, van Lessen V. Activation of CS 2 and CO 2 by Silylium Cations. Chemistry 2021; 27:3288-3291. [PMID: 33215771 PMCID: PMC7898686 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The hydride‐bridged silylium cation [Et3Si−H−SiEt3]+, stabilized by the weakly coordinating [Me3NB12Cl11]− anion, undergoes, in the presence of excess silane, a series of unexpected consecutive reactions with the valence‐isoelectronic molecules CS2 and CO2. The final products of the reaction with CS2 are methane and the previously unknown [(Et3Si)3S]+ cation. To gain insight into the entire reaction cascade, numerous experiments with varying conditions were performed, intermediate products were intercepted, and their structures were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Besides the [(Et3Si)3S]+ cation as the final product, crystal structures of [(Et3Si)2SMe]+, [Et3SiS(H)Me]+, and [Et3SiOC(H)OSiEt3]+ were obtained. Experimental results combined with supporting quantum‐chemical calculations in the gas phase and solution allow a detailed understanding of the reaction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Jenne
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marc C Nierstenhöfer
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Valentin van Lessen
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
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12
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Denhof A, Olaru M, Lork E, Mebs S, Chęcińska L, Beckmann J. Silyl Cations Stabilized by Pincer Type Ligands with Adjustable Donor Atoms. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Denhof
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- Department of Chemistry Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre Babes‐Bolyai University 11 Arany Janos 400028 Cluj‐Napoca Romania
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Lilianna Chęcińska
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
- Department of Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry University of Lodz Pomorska 163/165 90‐236 Lodz Poland
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Germany
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13
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Hinz A. A Mono-Substituted Silicon(II) Cation: A Crystalline "Supersilylene". Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19065-19069. [PMID: 32779821 PMCID: PMC7590127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mono-coordinated silicon(II) cations are predicted to be reactive ambiphiles, combining the typically high Lewis acidity of silicon cations with nucleophilicity due to the presence of an electron pair at the same atomic centre. Here, a carbazole-derived scaffold was used to isolate salts with a mono-coordinated silicon(II) cation, [RSi]+ (R=bulky carbazolyl substituent), by halide abstraction from a base-free halosilylene, RSiI, with Ag[Al(Ot BuF )4 ]. Despite the bulk of the carbazolyl moiety, the silylenylium cation [RSi]+ retains high reactivity. It was shown to react with an amine to form three bonds at the silicon atom in one reaction which conforms with the notion of a "supersilylene". The resulting silylium cation [RSi(H)NR'2 ]+ (in the formal oxidation state SiIV ) obtained by oxidative addition of an NH bond at [RSi]+ is even more acidic than the silylenylium cation (SiII ) due to the absence of a lone pair of electrons the silicon atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruher Institut für TechnologieInstitut für Anorganische ChemieEngesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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14
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Corre Y, Rysak V, Nagyházi M, Kalocsai D, Trivelli X, Djukic J, Agbossou‐Niedercorn F, Michon C. One‐Pot Controlled Reduction of Conjugated Amides by Sequential Double Hydrosilylation Catalyzed by an Iridium(III) Metallacycle. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Corre
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
| | - Vincent Rysak
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
| | - Márton Nagyházi
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
| | - Dorottya Kalocsai
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- IMEC Institut Michel‐Eugène Chevreul FR 2638 Univ. Lille 59000 Lille France
| | - Jean‐Pierre Djukic
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Francine Agbossou‐Niedercorn
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
| | - Christophe Michon
- UCCS UMR 8181 Univ. Lille CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 – UCCS – Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide 59000 Lille France
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux ‐ LIMA UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg Université de Haute‐Alsace, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042 25 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France
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15
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Hinz A. Ein einfach koordiniertes Silizium(II)‐Kation: Ein kristallines “Supersilylen”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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16
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Olaru M, Duvinage D, Naß Y, Malaspina LA, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Intramolecular Reaction of Transient Phosphenium and Arsenium Ions Giving Rise to Isolable 9-Phospha- and 9-Arsena-Fluorenium Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14414-14417. [PMID: 32460394 PMCID: PMC7496934 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient phosphenium and arsenium ions, generated by fluoride abstraction from bis(m-terphenyl)fluoropnictogens, underwent intramolecular electrophilic attack prior to methyl group migration and gave rise to isolable 9-phospha- and 9-arsena-fluorenium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Straße 728359BremenGermany
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Straße 728359BremenGermany
| | - Yannik Naß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Straße 728359BremenGermany
| | - Lorraine A. Malaspina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Straße 728359BremenGermany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für ExperimentalphysikFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und KristallographieUniversität BremenLeobener Straße 728359BremenGermany
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17
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Olaru M, Duvinage D, Naß Y, Malaspina LA, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Intramolekulare Reaktionen transienter Phosphenium‐ und Arsenium‐Ionen führen zur Bildung isolierbarer 9‐Phospha‐ und 9‐Arsena‐Fluorenium‐Ionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Daniel Duvinage
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Yannik Naß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Lorraine A. Malaspina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie Universität Bremen Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
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18
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Wu Q, Roy A, Wang G, Irran E, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Synthese eines gegenanionstabilisierten Bis(silylium)ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Avijit Roy
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Hendrik F. T. Klare
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 115 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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19
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Wu Q, Roy A, Wang G, Irran E, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Synthesis of a Counteranion-Stabilized Bis(silylium) Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10523-10526. [PMID: 32216163 PMCID: PMC7317492 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of a molecule with two alkyl‐tethered silylium‐ion sites from the corresponding bis(hydrosilanes) by two‐fold hydride abstraction is reported. The length of the conformationally flexible alkyl bridge is crucial as otherwise the hydride abstraction stops at the stage of a cyclic bissilylated hydronium ion. With an ethylene tether, the open form of the hydronium‐ion intermediate is energetically accessible and engages in another hydride abstraction. The resulting bis(silylium) ion has been NMR spectroscopically and structurally characterized. Related systems based on rigid naphthalen‐n,m‐diyl platforms can only be converted into the dications when the positively charged silylium‐ion units are remote from each other (1,8 versus 1,5 and 2,6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Avijit Roy
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Bläsing K, Labbow R, Michalik D, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A, Walker S. On Silylated Oxonium and Sulfonium Ions and Their Interaction with Weakly Coordinating Borate Anions. Chemistry 2020; 26:1640-1652. [PMID: 31738450 PMCID: PMC7028070 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Attempts have been made to prepare salts with the labile tris(trimethylsilyl)chalconium ions, [(Me3 Si)3 E]+ (E=O, S), by reacting [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ] and Me3 Si[CB] (CB- =carborate=[CHB11 H5 Cl6 ]- , [CHB11 Cl11 ]- ) with Me3 Si-E-SiMe3 . In the reaction of Me3 Si-O-SiMe3 with [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ], a ligand exchange was observed in the [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ]+ cation leading to the surprising formation of the persilylated [(Me3 Si)2 (Me2 (H)Si)O]+ oxonium ion in a formal [Me2 (H)Si]+ instead of the desired [Me3 Si]+ transfer reaction. In contrast, the expected homoleptic persilylated [(Me3 Si)3 S]+ ion was formed and isolated as [B(C6 F5 )4 ]- and [CB]- salt, when Me3 Si-S-SiMe3 was treated with either [Me3 Si-H-SiMe3 ][B(C6 F5 )4 ] or Me3 Si[CB]. However, the addition of Me3 Si[CB] to Me3 Si-O-SiMe3 unexpectedly led to the release of Me4 Si with simultaneous formation of a cyclic dioxonium dication of the type [Me3 Si-μO-SiMe2 ]2 [CB]2 in an anion-mediated reaction. DFT studies on structure, bonding and thermodynamics of the [(Me3 Si)3 E]+ and [(Me3 Si)2 (Me2 (H)Si)E]+ ion formation are presented as well as mechanistic investigations on the template-driven transformation of the [(Me3 Si)3 E]+ ion into a cyclic dichalconium dication [Me3 Si-μE-SiMe2 ]2 2+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Rene Labbow
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Dirk Michalik
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für KatalyseA.-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für KatalyseA.-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
- MaterialdesignLeibniz-Institut für KatalyseA.-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
| | - Svenja Walker
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für ChemieUniversität RostockA.-Einstein-Str. 3a18059RostockGermany
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21
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Fernandes A, Laye C, Pramanik S, Palmeira D, Pekel ÖÖ, Massip S, Schmidtmann M, Müller T, Robert F, Landais Y. Chiral Memory in Silyl-Pyridinium and Quinolinium Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:564-572. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Laye
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Suman Pramanik
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Dayvson Palmeira
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Özgen Ömür Pekel
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Stéphane Massip
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, IECB, UMS3033/INSERM US001, F-33607, Pessac, France
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26211 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26211 Oldenburg, Germany, European Union
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Université Bordeaux, CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
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22
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23
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Martens A, Kreuzer M, Ripp A, Schneider M, Himmel D, Scherer H, Krossing I. Investigations on non-classical silylium ions leading to a cyclobutenyl cation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2821-2829. [PMID: 30997003 PMCID: PMC6419934 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04591g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Instead of yielding the desired non-classical silylium ions, the reactions of different alkenes/alkynes with several [Me3Si]+ sources mostly led to oligomerization, or - in the presence of Me3SiH - hydrosilylation of the alkenes/alkynes. Yet, from the reaction of 2-butyne with ion-like Me3Si-F-Al(ORF)3 (RF = C(CF3)3) the salt of the silylated tetramethyl cyclobutenyl cation [Me4C4-SiMe3]+[al-f-al]- 1 ([al-f-al]- = [(RFO)3Al-F-Al(ORF)3]-) was obtained in good yield (NMR, scXRD, Raman, and IR). All the experimental and calculated evidence suggest a mechanism in which 1 was formed via a non-classical silylium ion as an intermediate. The removal of the [Me3Si]+ moiety from the cation in 1 was investigated as a means to provide free tetramethyl cyclobutadiene (CBD). However, the addition of [NMe4]F, in order to release Me3SiF and form CBD, led to the unexpected deprotonation of the cation. The addition of 4-dimethylaminopyridine to remove the [Me3Si]+ cation as a Lewis acid/base adduct, led to an adduct with the four-membered ring in the direct neighborhood of the Me3Si group. By the addition of Et2O to a solution of 1, the [F-Al(ORF)3]- anion (and Et2O-Al(ORF)3) was generated from the [al-f-al]- counterion. Subsequently, the [F-Al(ORF)3]- anion abstracted the [Me3Si]+ moiety from [Me4C4-SiMe3]+, probably releasing CBD. However, due to the immediate reaction of CBD with [Me4C4-SiMe3]+ and subsequent oligomerization, it was not possible to use CBD in follow-up chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Martens
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Marvin Kreuzer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Alexander Ripp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Marius Schneider
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Daniel Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Harald Scherer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
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24
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Ibad MF, Schulz A, Villinger A. Facile Route to Silver Triarene Borate Salts, [Ag(arene)3][B(C6F5)4]: Thermodynamics, Structure, and Bonding. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Ibad
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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25
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Bresien J, Schulz A, Thomas M, Villinger A. A Bismuth–Arene σ‐Complex – On the Edge of Menshutkin‐Type Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bresien
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry University of Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry University of Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department Material Design, Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Max Thomas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry University of Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry University of Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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26
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Uhl W, Tolzmann M, Willeke K, Honacker C, Hepp A, Layh M, Würthwein E. Silicon–Halogen Bond Activation in Mixed Si/Al Compounds and an Approach to Intramolecular Stabilized Silylium Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Michael Tolzmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Kira Willeke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Honacker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ernst‐Ulrich Würthwein
- Organisch‐Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC) Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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27
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Rao B, Wang L, Kinjo R. Borane-Catalyzed Cross-Metathesis Strategy for Facile Transformation of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Germylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:231-235. [PMID: 30447043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A borane B(C6 F5 )3 -catalyzed metathesis reaction between the Si-C bond in the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)germylene (CAAGe) 1 and the Si-H bond in a silane (R3 SiH; 2) is reported. Mechanistic studies propose that the initial step of the reaction involves Si-H bond activation to furnish an ionic species [1-SiR3 ]+ [HB(C6 F5 )3 ]- , from which [Me3 Si]+ [HB(C6 F5 )3 ]- and an azagermole intermediate are generated. The former yields Me3 SiH concomitant with the regeneration of B(C6 F5 )3 whereas the latter undergoes isomerization to afford CAAGes bearing various silyl groups on the carbon atom next to the germylene center. This strategy allows the straightforward synthesis of eight new CAAGes starting from 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Liliang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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28
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Kramer N, Wadepohl H, Greb L. Tris(dimethylamino)silylium ion: structure and reactivity of a dimeric silaguanidinium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7764-7767. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03625c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The formal dimer of an elusive silaguanidinium ion is described. It undergoes spontaneous electrophilic aromatic silylation of electron rich π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kramer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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29
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Rao B, Wang L, Kinjo R. Borane-Catalyzed Cross-Metathesis Strategy for Facile Transformation of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Germylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Liliang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Nanyang Link 21 Singapore 637371 Singapore
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30
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Riddlestone IM, Kraft A, Schaefer J, Krossing I. Die Schöne (WCA) und das (kationische) Biest: Neues aus der Chemie von und mit schwach koordinierenden Anionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Julia Schaefer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
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31
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Riddlestone IM, Kraft A, Schaefer J, Krossing I. Taming the Cationic Beast: Novel Developments in the Synthesis and Application of Weakly Coordinating Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13982-14024. [PMID: 29266644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This Review gives a comprehensive overview of the most topical weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) and contains information on WCA design, stability, and applications. As an update to the 2004 review, developments in common classes of WCA are included. Methods for the incorporation of WCAs into a given system are discussed and advice given on how to best choose a method for the introduction of a particular WCA. A series of starting materials for a large number of WCA precursors and references are tabulated as a useful resource when looking for procedures to prepare WCAs. Furthermore, a collection of scales that allow the performance of a WCA, or its underlying Lewis acid, to be judged is collated with some advice on how to use them. The examples chosen to illustrate WCA developments are taken from a broad selection of topics where WCAs play a role. In addition a section focusing on transition metal and catalysis applications as well as supporting electrolytes is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Riddlestone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kraft
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schaefer
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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32
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Omann L, Pudasaini B, Irran E, Klare HFT, Baik MH, Oestreich M. Thermodynamic versus kinetic control in substituent redistribution reactions of silylium ions steered by the counteranion. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5600-5607. [PMID: 30061992 PMCID: PMC6048699 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01833b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An in-depth experimental and theoretical study of the substituent exchange reaction of silylium ions is presented. Apart from the substitution pattern at the silicon atom, the selectivity of this process is predominantly influenced by the counteranion, which is introduced with the trityl salt in the silylium ion generation. In contrast to Müller's protocol for the synthesis of triarylsilylium ions under kinetic control, the use of Reed's carborane anions leads to contact ion pairs, allowing selective formation of trialkylsilylium ions under thermodynamic control. DFT calculations finally revealed an unexpected mechanism for the rate-determining alkyl exchange step, which is initiated by an unusual 1,2-silyl migration in the intermediate ipso-disilylated arenium ion. The resulting ortho-disilylated arenium ion can then undergo an alkyl transfer via a low-barrier five-centered transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Omann
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Bimal Pudasaini
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon , 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon , 34141 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon , 34141 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany .
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33
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Hepp A, Labbow R, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Carba-closo
-dodecaborates - Synthesis, Structure, and Energetics. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Münster; Correnstrasse 28-30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - René Labbow
- Institut für Chemie; Abteilung für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie; Abteilung für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Deutschland
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie; Abteilung für Anorganische Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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Binh DH, Milovanović M, Puertes-Mico J, Hamdaoui M, Zarić SD, Djukic JP. Is the R3Si Moiety in Metal-Silyl Complexes a Z ligand? An Answer from the Interaction Energy. Chemistry 2017; 23:17058-17069. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dang Ho Binh
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR7177; Université de Strasbourg; 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Milan Milovanović
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR7177; Université de Strasbourg; 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
- Department of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Studentski trg 12-16 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Julia Puertes-Mico
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR7177; Université de Strasbourg; 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Mustapha Hamdaoui
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR7177; Université de Strasbourg; 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Snežana D. Zarić
- Department of Chemistry; University of Belgrade; Studentski trg 12-16 11000 Belgrade Serbia
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, PO Box 23874; Doha Qatar
| | - Jean-Pierre Djukic
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR7177; Université de Strasbourg; 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
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35
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Corre Y, Trivelli X, Capet F, Djukic JP, Agbossou-Niedercorn F, Michon C. Efficient and Selective Hydrosilylation of Secondary and Tertiary Amides Catalyzed by an Iridium(III) Metallacycle: Development and Mechanistic Investigation. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Corre
- Univ. Lille; CNRS, Centrale Lille; ENSCL; Univ. Artois; UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-; 59000 Lille France
- ENSCL; UCCS-CCM-MOCAH (Chimie-C7) CS 90108; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
| | - Xavier Trivelli
- UGSF CNRS, UMR 8576; Université Lille Nord de France; 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
| | - Frédéric Capet
- Univ. Lille; CNRS, Centrale Lille; ENSCL; Univ. Artois; UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-; 59000 Lille France
| | - Jean-Pierre Djukic
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg; UMR 7177; Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal, F- 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Francine Agbossou-Niedercorn
- Univ. Lille; CNRS, Centrale Lille; ENSCL; Univ. Artois; UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-; 59000 Lille France
- ENSCL; UCCS-CCM-MOCAH (Chimie-C7) CS 90108; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
| | - Christophe Michon
- Univ. Lille; CNRS, Centrale Lille; ENSCL; Univ. Artois; UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-; 59000 Lille France
- ENSCL; UCCS-CCM-MOCAH (Chimie-C7) CS 90108; 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex France
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36
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Egorochkin A, Kuznetsova O, Khamaletdinova N, Domratcheva-Lvova L. Polarizability effect in silylium, germylium, and stannylium ions and their complexes. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Arii H, Yano Y, Nakabayashi K, Yamaguchi S, Yamamura M, Mochida K, Kawashima T. Regioselective and Stereospecific Dehydrogenative Annulation Utilizing Silylium Ion-Activated Alkenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6314-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Arii
- Faculty
of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuto Yano
- Faculty
of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakabayashi
- Faculty
of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Syuhei Yamaguchi
- Department
of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science
and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577 Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamura
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kunio Mochida
- Department
of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, 171-8588 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515 Gunma, Japan
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38
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Fang H, Jing H, Zhang A, Ge H, Yao Z, Brothers PJ, Fu X. Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Reactivity Studies of a 4-Coordinate Square Planar Germanium(IV) Cation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7705-10. [PMID: 27243114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A tetra-coordinate, square planar germanium(IV) cation [(TPFC)Ge](+) (TPFC = tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole) was synthesized quantitatively by the reaction of (TPFC)Ge-H with [Ph3C](+)[B(C6F5)4](¯). The highly reactive [(TPFC)Ge](+) cation reacted with benzene to form phenyl complex (TPFC)Ge-C6H5 through an electrophilic pathway. The key intermediate, a σ-type germylium-benzene adduct, [(TPFC)Ge(η(1)-C6H6)](+), was isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Deprotonation of [(TPFC)Ge(η(1)-C6H6)](+) cation led to the formation of (TPFC)Ge-C6H5. [(TPFC)Ge](+) also reacted with ethylene and cyclopropane in benzene at room temperature to form (TPFC)Ge-CH2CH2C6H5 and (TPFC)Ge-CH2CH2CH2C6H5, respectively. The observed electrophilic reactivity is ascribed to the highly exposed cationic germanium center with novel frontier orbitals comprising two vacant sp-hybridized orbitals that are not conjugated to π-system. The three electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl groups on the corrole ligand also enhance the electrophilicity of the cationic germanium corrole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayi Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huize Jing
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aixi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haonan Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengmin Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Penelope J Brothers
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland , Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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39
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Engesser TA, Lichtenthaler MR, Schleep M, Krossing I. Reactive p-block cations stabilized by weakly coordinating anions. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:789-899. [PMID: 26612538 PMCID: PMC4758321 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of the p-block elements is a huge playground for fundamental and applied work. With their bonding from electron deficient to hypercoordinate and formally hypervalent, the p-block elements represent an area to find terra incognita. Often, the formation of cations that contain p-block elements as central ingredient is desired, for example to make a compound more Lewis acidic for an application or simply to prove an idea. This review has collected the reactive p-block cations (rPBC) with a comprehensive focus on those that have been published since the year 2000, but including the milestones and key citations of earlier work. We include an overview on the weakly coordinating anions (WCAs) used to stabilize the rPBC and give an overview to WCA selection, ionization strategies for rPBC-formation and finally list the rPBC ordered in their respective group from 13 to 18. However, typical, often more organic ion classes that constitute for example ionic liquids (imidazolium, ammonium, etc.) were omitted, as were those that do not fulfill the - naturally subjective -"reactive"-criterion of the rPBC. As a rule, we only included rPBC with crystal structure and only rarely refer to important cations published without crystal structure. This collection is intended for those who are simply interested what has been done or what is possible, as well as those who seek advice on preparative issues, up to people having a certain application in mind, where the knowledge on the existence of a rPBC that might play a role as an intermediate or active center may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Engesser
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Martin R. Lichtenthaler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Mario Schleep
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) , Universität Freiburg , Albertstr. 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany .
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40
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Bläsing K, Ellinger S, Harloff J, Schulz A, Sievert K, Täschler C, Villinger A, Zur Täschler C. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyanidoborates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201501485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Bläsing K, Ellinger S, Harloff J, Schulz A, Sievert K, Täschler C, Villinger A, Zur Täschler C. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyanidophosphates. Chemistry 2016; 22:4175-88. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bläsing
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | | | - Jörg Harloff
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Abteilung Materialdesign; Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Katharina Sievert
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | | | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
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42
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Wagner M, Zobel B, Dietz C, Schollmeyer D, Jurkschat K. Cyclic Dinuclear Organotin Cations Stabilized by Bulky Substituents. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wagner
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie
und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zobel
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie
und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christina Dietz
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie
und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Lehrstuhl
für Anorganische Chemie II, Fakultät für Chemie
und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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43
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Ducos P, Liautard V, Robert F, Landais Y. Chiral Memory in Silylium Ions. Chemistry 2015; 21:11573-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201501987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Ducos
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - V. Liautard
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - F. Robert
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
| | - Y. Landais
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, UMR‐CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux 351, Cours de la libération 33405 Talence cedex (France)
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44
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Xu T, Chen EYX. Silylium dual catalysis in living polymerization of methacrylates via In situ
hydrosilylation of monomer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tieqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology; No. 2 Linggong Road Dalian 116024 China
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872
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45
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Silva Valverde MF, Theuergarten E, Bannenberg T, Freytag M, Jones PG, Tamm M. Frustrated N-heterocyclic carbene–silylium ion Lewis pairs. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9400-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01362c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a sterically demanding NHC affords frustrated carbene-trimethylsilylium ion pairs, which exhibit FLP-type reactivity such as carbon dioxide fixation and metal–halide bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F. Silva Valverde
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Eileen Theuergarten
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Matthias Freytag
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
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46
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Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Diazene Adducts: Isolation ofiso-Diazene Stabilized as a Borane Adduct. Chemistry 2014; 20:11800-11. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Labbow R, Reiß F, Schulz A, Villinger A. Synthesis of the First Persilylated Ammonium Ion, [(Me3Si)3NSi(H)Me2]+, by Silylium-Catalyzed Methyl/Hydrogen Exchange Reactions. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500519j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- René Labbow
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse
e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Anorganische
Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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48
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Baytekin B, Baytekin HT, Grzybowski BA. Mechanically Driven Activation of Polyaniline into Its Conductive Form. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Baytekin B, Baytekin HT, Grzybowski BA. Mechanically Driven Activation of Polyaniline into Its Conductive Form. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6946-50. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Wehmschulte RJ, Laali KK, Borosky GL, Powell DR. Synthesis and Structure of the First Bridgehead Silylium Ion. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5003792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf J. Wehmschulte
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Kenneth K. Laali
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Gabriela L. Borosky
- Departamento de Matemática
y Fı́sica,
INFIQC, Facultad de Ciencias Quı́micas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Douglas R. Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5251, United States
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