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Vaněčková E, Dahmane M, Forté J, Cherraben S, Pham XQ, Sokolová R, Brémond É, Hromadová M, Lainé PP. Are Redox-Active Centers Bridged by Saturated Flexible Linkers Systematically Electrochemically Independent? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406299. [PMID: 38772710 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The extent to which electrophores covalently bridged by a saturated linker are electrochemically independent was investigated considering the charge/spin duality of the electron and functionality of the electrophore as a spin carrier upon reduction. By combining computational modeling with electrochemical experiments, we investigated the mechanism by which tethered electrophores react together within 4,4'-oligo[n]methylene-bipyridinium assemblies (with n=2 to 5). We show that native dicationic electrophores (redox state Z=+2) are folded prior to electron injection into the system, allowing the emergence of supra-molecular orbitals (supra-MOs) likely to support the process of the reductive σ bond formation giving cyclomers. Indeed, for Z=+2, London Dispersion (LD) forces contribute to flatten the potential energy surface such that all-trans and folded conformers are approximately isoenergetic. Then, upon one-electron injection, for radical cations (Z=+1), LD forces significantly stabilize the folded conformers, except for the ethylene derivative deprived of supra-MOs. For radical cations equipped with supra-MOs, the unpaired electron is delocalized over both heterocycles through space. Cyclomer completion (Z=0) upon the second electron transfer occurs according to the inversion of redox potentials. This mechanism explains why intramolecular reactivity is favored and why pyridinium electrophores are not independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vaněčková
- Department of Electrochemistry at the Nanoscale, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mustapha Dahmane
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Forté
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sawsen Cherraben
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Xuan-Qui Pham
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Romana Sokolová
- Department of Electrochemistry at the Nanoscale, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Éric Brémond
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Magdaléna Hromadová
- Department of Electrochemistry at the Nanoscale, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philippe P Lainé
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, ITODYS, 15 rue J-A de Baïf, F-75013, Paris, France
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2
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Msellem P, Dekthiarenko M, Hadj Seyd N, Vives G. Switchable molecular tweezers: design and applications. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:504-539. [PMID: 38440175 PMCID: PMC10910529 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Switchable molecular tweezers are a unique class of molecular switches that, like their macroscopic analogs, exhibit mechanical motion between an open and closed conformation in response to stimuli. Such systems constitute an essential component of artificial molecular machines. This review will present selected examples of switchable molecular tweezers and their potential applications. The first part will be devoted to chemically responsive tweezers, including stimuli such as pH, metal coordination, and anion binding. Then, redox-active and photochemical tweezers will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Msellem
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maksym Dekthiarenko
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nihal Hadj Seyd
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vives
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 8232, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
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3
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Hayasaka R, Sakai H, Fuki M, Okamoto T, Khan R, Higashi M, Tkachenko NV, Kobori Y, Hasobe T. The Effect of Torsional Motion on Multiexciton Formation through Intramolecular Singlet Fission in Ferrocene-Bridged Pentacene Dimers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315747. [PMID: 38179830 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A series of ferrocene(Fc)-bridged pentacene(Pc)-dimers [Fc-Ph(2,n)-(Pc)2 : n=number of phenylene spacers] were synthesized to examine the tortional motion effect of Fc-terminated phenylene linkers on strongly coupled quintet multiexciton (5 TT) formation through intramolecular singlet fission (ISF). Fc-Ph(2,4)-(Pc)2 has a relatively small electronic coupling and large conformational flexibility according to spectroscopic and theoretical analyses. Fc-Ph(2,4)-(Pc)2 exhibits a high-yield 5 TT together with quantitative singlet TT (1 TT) generation through ISF. This demonstrates a much more efficient ISF than those of other less flexible Pc dimers. The activation entropy in 1 TT spin conversion of Fc-Ph(2,4)-(Pc)2 is larger than those of the other systems due to the larger conformational flexibility associated with the torsional motion of the linkers. The torsional motion of linkers in 1 TT is attributable to weakened metal-ligand bonding in the Fc due to hybridization of the hole level of Pc to Fc in 1 TT unpaired orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hayasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fuki
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- CREST, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Okamoto
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- CREST, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ramsha Khan
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Masahiro Higashi
- Department of Complex Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nikolai V Tkachenko
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials Group, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Yasuhiro Kobori
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- CREST, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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4
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Guchhait C, Suriyaa V, Sahu N, Sarkar SD, Adhikari B. Ferrocene: an exotic building block for supramolecular assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14482-14496. [PMID: 37997157 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03659f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocene (Fc), a classical organometallic complex, has found potential applications in ligand design, catalysis, and analytical, biological, medicinal and materials chemistry. In recent years, the use of Fc as a building block in supramolecular chemistry has emerged. The molecular shape, size, and hydrophobicity of Fc make it an ideal guest for a variety of macrocyclic host molecules to form stable host-guest complexes. The vertical distance (3.3 Å) between two cyclopentadienyl rings and molecular "ball bearing" property in Fc support the formation of intramolecular π-π stacking, H-bonding and metallophilic interactions between two appropriate substituents in 1,n'-disubstituted ferrocenes. Along with these molecular features, the rigidity along with rotational flexibility, redox reversibility and oxidation-triggered tunable hydrophobicity of Fc have led to its use as an exotic building block for the development of a wide range of supramolecular assemblies such as smart molecular receptors, intricate metal-organic assemblies, supramolecular polymers, and gels including out-of-equilibrium assemblies and metal nanoparticle assemblies. This review highlights the concepts behind the design and development of these assemblies, where the Fc unit has a direct and defined role in their formation and function. The use of Fc in supramolecular assembly is still a relatively young field and set to be the subject of increasing research interest towards the development of fascinating supramolecular structures with tailored properties and programmable functions towards applications in materials and biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakanta Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| | - Vembanan Suriyaa
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| | - Nihar Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| | - Sovik Dey Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| | - Bimalendu Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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5
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Wu G, Li F, Tang B, Zhang X. Molecular Engineering of Noncovalent Dimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14962-14975. [PMID: 35969112 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dimers are probably the simplest model to facilitate the understanding of fundamental physical and chemical processes that take place in much-expanded systems like aggregates, crystals, and other solid states. The molecular interplay within a dimer differentiates it from the corresponding monomeric state and determines its features. Molecular engineering of noncovalent dimerization through applied supramolecular restrictions enables additional control over molecular interplay, particularly over its dynamic aspect. This Perspective introduces the recent effort that has been made in the molecular engineering of noncovalent dimerization, including supramolecular dimers, folda-dimers, and macrocyclic dimers. It showcases how the variation in supramolecular restrictions endows molecular-based materials with improved performance and/or functions like enhanced emission, room-temperature phosphorescence, and effective catalysis. We particularly discuss pseudostatic dimers that can sustain molecular interplay for a long period of time, yet are still flexible enough to adapt to variations. The pseudostatic feature allows for active species to decay along an alternate pathway, thereby spinning off emerging features that are not readily accessible from conventional dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bohan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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He B, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Li G, Zhang B, Ma W, Rao B, Song R, Zhang L, Zhang Y, He G. ortho-Terphenylene Viologens with Through-Space Conjugation for Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling and Hydrogen Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4422-4430. [PMID: 35143191 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel ortho-terphenylene viologen derivatives (o-TPV2+) with through-space conjugation (TSC) via the combination of ortho-terphenylene skeletons with viologen structure is reported. Their optoelectronic properties can be adjusted by N-arylation or N-alkylation reactions. Compared with other viologen derivatives, o-TPV2+ not only exhibits strong photoluminescence but also retards the charge recombination process and stabilizes the diradical state without forming a quinoid structure due to the special TSC effect. Based on their special redox characteristics, o-TPV2+ was applied to the photocatalytic oxidative coupling of benzylamine with 96% yield. In addition, pTA-o-TPV2+ (tethered with p-toluic acid)-modified g-C3N4 was used for visible-light-driven hydrogen production for the first time, exceeding 15 times the rate over unmodified g-C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben He
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Rao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitong Song
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang He
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, People's Republic of China
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7
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Findlay JA, Ross DAW, Crowley JD. Ferrocene Rotary Switches Featuring 2‐Pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazole “Click” Chelates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Findlay
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Daniel A. W. Ross
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Wellington 6140 New Zealand
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8
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Juneau A, Frenette M. Exploring Curious Covalent Bonding: Raman Identification and Thermodynamics of Perpendicular and Parallel Pancake Bonding (Pimers) of Ethyl Viologen Radical Cation Dimers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10805-10812. [PMID: 34543028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viologen radical cations can dimerize in solutions, and the resulting "pimers" were predicted to assemble into parallel and perpendicular conformers by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Using resonance Raman, we could identify both perpendicular and parallel forms of ethyl viologen dimers. The distinction between the two forms was accomplished by studying the formation of a host-guest complex with γ-cyclodextrin. The dimer's perpendicular form was excluded due to the host cavity size, and γ-cyclodextrin addition caused a decrease in peak intensities at 1171, 1511, and 1602 cm-1 that could be assigned to the perpendicular form. DFT modeling of the vibrational spectra under preresonance conditions allowed us to assign the remaining vibrational modes for the parallel and perpendicular forms. Using variable-temperature UV-vis, the bond dissociation energy (ΔH) for this pancake-bonded dimer was measured as 13.1 ± 0.2 kcal/mol. This type of covalent pancake bonding is a challenge to properly describe using DFT methods. Previously, B97D was found to best describe the ΔG of this dimerization (Angew. Chem. 2017, 129, 9563-9567), but this method underestimates the ΔH by 6 kcal/mol. Of the 11 functionals tested, we found that B3LYP with Grimme's D3 dispersion effect can best reproduce the ΔH. Energy decomposition analysis of the bonding energy showed that solvation effects were the most important contributor-polar solvents are needed to overcome the Coulomb repulsion between the two positively charged monomers. Dispersion effects are second in importance and appear larger than the favorable orbital interaction obtained by singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO)-SOMO orbital overlap. This study brings forth important insights into the curious cases of covalent bonding between two π-delocalized radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Juneau
- Department of Chemistry and NanoQAM, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Mathieu Frenette
- Department of Chemistry and NanoQAM, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case Postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
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9
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Cai K, Zhang L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Radical-pairing-induced molecular assembly and motion. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:447-465. [PMID: 37118435 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radical-pairing interactions between conjugated organic π-radicals are relative newcomers to the inventory of molecular recognition motifs explored in supramolecular chemistry. The unique electronic, magnetic, optical and redox-responsive properties of the conjugated π-radicals render molecules designed with radical-pairing interactions useful for applications in various areas of chemistry and materials science. In particular, the ability to control formation of radical cationic or anionic species, by redox stimulation, provides a flexible trigger for directed assembly and controlled molecular motions, as well as a convenient means of inputting energy to fuel non-equilibrium processes. In this Review, we provide an overview of different examples of radical-pairing-based recognition processes and of their emerging use in (1) supramolecular assembly, (2) templation of mechanically interlocked molecules, (3) stimuli-controlled molecular switches and, by incorporation of kinetic asymmetry in the design, (4) the creation of unidirectional molecular transporters based on pumping cassettes powered by fuelled switching of radical-pairing interactions. We conclude the discussion with an outlook on future directions for the field.
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10
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Komiya N, Ikeshita M, Tosaki K, Sato A, Itami N, Naota T. Catalytic Enantioselective Rotation of Watermill‐Shaped Dinuclear Pd Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naruyoshi Komiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Chemistry Laboratory The Jikei University School of Medicine Kokuryo, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8570 Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Koichi Tosaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Nao Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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11
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Sagara T, Tahara H. Redox of Viologen for Powering and Coloring. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2375-2388. [PMID: 34036724 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viologen is among the most attractive and easiest-to-use organic redox active group in many functional molecular assemblies. It plays crucial roles as an electron transfer mediator in the artificial photo-energy conversion systems and electron-transfer protein assemblies and as a building block of supramolecules. Its features include electrochemically reversible redox activity and stability. Strong blue color and tendency to dimerization of the one-electron reduced form, viologen mono-radical mono-cation, are remarkable. In this Account, we describe the use of viologen to give a powered movement of small molecules and motion of millimetre-sized macroscopic soft-matters and the use of viologen ionic liquid as electrochromic materials. Attractivities of the use of viologen units for powering and coloring are demonstrated and discussed. In particular, we highlight driving of mechanical movements by π-π stacking dimerization, incorporation in a hydrogel to attain highly deformable material, induction of 2D phase transformation, and sharp color change of very thin ionic liquid layer in a compartment-less electrochromic display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Sagara
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hironobu Tahara
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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12
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Jeevan AK, Gopidas KR. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Self-Assembled Bis(β-cyclodextrin)-Linked Pyrene/Bis(adamantane)-Linked Methyl Viologen Donor-Acceptor System in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4428-4437. [PMID: 33887907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene linked to two β-CD (CD = cyclodextrin; PY = pyrene) molecules (CD-PY-CD) and methylviologen (MV2+) linked to two adamantane (AD) groups (AD-MV2+-AD) self-assembled in water to give toroidal nanostructures. Photoprocesses taking place in the femtosecond and nanosecond time ranges within the assembly are reported. Fluorescence of the pyrene chromophore was quenched in the toroid, suggesting very efficient electron transfer. Fast quenching of the pyrene fluorescence with a time constant of 6.85 ns was attributed to photoinduced electron transfer from pyrene to methyl viologen within the toroid assembly. Electron transfer leads to the formation of radical ion products, PY•+ and MV•+, which were identified in the nanosecond transient absorption spectra. Because of the close packing of chromophores, the radical ions undergo fast reactions with chromophores or similar ions in adjacent stacks to give dimeric products. Since the dimeric species are not very stable, the reactions are reversed at longer time scales to generate the radical ions, which then undergo back electron transfer and regenerate the starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K Jeevan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
| | - Karical R Gopidas
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 200 002, India
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13
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Kahlfuss C, Chowdhury S, Carreira AF, Grüber R, Dumont E, Frath D, Chevallier F, Eric-Saint-Aman, Bucher C. Electron-Triggered Metamorphism in Palladium-Driven Self-Assembled Architectures. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3543-3555. [PMID: 33620206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A metal-induced self-assembly strategy is used to promote the π-dimerization of viologen-based radicals at room temperature and in standard concentration ranges. Discrete box-shaped 2:2 (M:L) macrocycles or coordination polymers are formed in solution by self-assembly of a viologen-based ditopic ligand with cis-[Pd(en)(NO3)2], trans-[Pd(CH3CN)2(Cl)2], or [Pd(CH3CN)4(BF4)2]. Changing the redox state of the bipyridium units involved in the tectons, from their dicationic state to their radical cation state, results in a reversible "inflation/deflation" of the discrete 2:2 (M:L) macrocyclic assemblies associated to a large modification in the size of their inner cavity. Viologen-centered electron transfer is also used to trigger a dissociation of the coordination polymers formed with tetrakis(acetonitrile)Pd(II), the driving force of the disassembling process being the formation of discrete box-shaped 2:2 (M:L) assemblies stabilized by π-dimerization of both viologen cation radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Kahlfuss
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Shagor Chowdhury
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Adérito Fins Carreira
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Raymond Grüber
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Elise Dumont
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 5 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Denis Frath
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Floris Chevallier
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Eric-Saint-Aman
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, F38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
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14
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Dalvand P, Nchimi Nono K, Shetty D, Benyettou F, Asfari Z, Platas-Iglesias C, Olson MA, Trabolsi A, Elhabiri M. Viologen–cucurbituril host/guest chemistry – redox control of dimerization versus inclusion. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29543-29554. [PMID: 35479532 PMCID: PMC9040574 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05488k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two calix[4]arene systems, C234+ and C244+ – where 2 corresponds to the number of viologen units and 3–4 corresponds to the number of carbon atoms connecting the viologen units to the macrocyclic core – have been synthesized and led to the formation of [3]pseudorotaxanes when combined with either CB[7] or CB[8]. The [3]pseudorotaxanes spontaneously dissociate upon reduction of the bipyridinium units as the result of intramolecular dimerization of the two face-to-face viologen radical cations. CB[7] and CB[8]-based [2]pseudorotaxanes containing monomeric viologen guest model compounds, MC32+ and MC4+, do not undergo decomplexation and dimerization following electrochemical reduction of their bipyridinium units. Two calix[4]arenes with two viologen units separated by 3 or 4 carbon atoms from the macrocyclic core were synthesized and led to the formation of [3]pseudorotaxanes when combined with CB[7] or CB[8].![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Dalvand
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Médicinale, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Katia Nchimi Nono
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dinesh Shetty
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Benyettou
- New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Experimental Research Building, Building C1, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zouhair Asfari
- Equipe de Synthèse Pour l'Analyse (SynPA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR 7178 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, Bâtiment R1N0, 25-rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Universidade da Coruña, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Mark A. Olson
- Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali Trabolsi
- New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Experimental Research Building, Building C1, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Médicinale, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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15
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Sha Y, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Luo Z. Stress-responsive properties of metallocenes in metallopolymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review article combines the field of metallopolymers and stress-responsiveness on a molecular level, namely, metallocenes, as emerging stress-responsive building blocks for materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sha
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- College of Science
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- PR China
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16
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Brunet G, Suturina EA, George GPC, Ovens JS, Richardson P, Bucher C, Murugesu M. A Barrel‐Shaped Metal–Organic Blue‐Box Analogue with Photo‐/Redox‐Switchable Behavior. Chemistry 2020; 26:16455-16462. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Brunet
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | | | - Guillaume P. C. George
- Univ. Lyon ENS de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Laboratoire de Chimie CNRS UMR 5182 69342 Lyon France
| | - Jeffrey S. Ovens
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Paul Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Univ. Lyon ENS de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Laboratoire de Chimie CNRS UMR 5182 69342 Lyon France
| | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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17
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Zhou XH, Fan Y, Li WX, Zhang X, Liang RR, Lin F, Zhan TG, Cui J, Liu LJ, Zhao X, Zhang KD. Viologen derivatives with extended π-conjugation structures: From supra-/molecular building blocks to organic porous materials. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Courtois J, Wang B, Abdul-Hassan WS, Almásy L, Yan M, Royal G. Redox-Responsive Colloidal Particles Based on Coordination Polymers Incorporating Viologen Units. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6100-6109. [PMID: 32286063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal particles based on supramolecular polymers are emerging as promising functional materials because of their intrinsic dynamic features and the possibility of stimuli responsivity. In this work, ≈200 nm self-assembled redox-responsive colloidal particles made of 1D-coordination polymers were readily prepared. In these metallopolymers, organic entities made of bis(viologen) groups covalently associated with terpyridine units are spontaneously bridged by Zn2+ cations through the formation of coordination bonds. The properties of these particles were analyzed and their redox activities investigated. Upon reduction of the viologen units, the formation of π-dimers between the reduced viologen moieties was demonstrated by spectroscopic experiments. It was shown that intermolecular π-dimers (i.e., between different polymer chains) that do not exist in homogeneous polymer solutions were, nevertheless, formed in the particle's structure because of the effects of confinement. The presence of these π-dimers allows stabilization of the charge in the colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Courtois
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wathiq S Abdul-Hassan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - László Almásy
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.,Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly Thege Miklós Street, No. 29-33, Budapest-1121, Hungary
| | - Minhao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Guy Royal
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.,Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5250, DCM, F38400 Grenoble, France
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19
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Cai K, Mao H, Liu WG, Qiu Y, Shi Y, Zhang L, Shen D, Chen H, Jiao Y, Wu H, Liu Z, Feng Y, Stern CL, Wasielewski MR, Goddard WA, Stoddart JF. Highly Stable Organic Bisradicals Protected by Mechanical Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7190-7197. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Haochuan Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wei-Guang Liu
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhichang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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20
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Liu L, Ren Y, Pan J, Liu Z, Wu B, Yan F. Printable UV-Light Sensor for Human Eye Protection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:1495-1503. [PMID: 31814386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting diode based electronic screens emit near-ultraviolet radiation, which causes harm to the human eye after prolonged exposure. Thus, it is of paramount importance to prepare a sensitive and adjustable visible near-ultraviolet sensor for retinal warning. Herein, a series of bipyridine derivatives were synthesized to investigate effects of substituent groups and anions on photochromic properties via both experimental and theoretical studies. The introduction of dual hydrogen bonding urea onto substituted groups significantly accelerated the photochromic rate due to strong intermolecular interactions, which reduces molecular spacing and promotes the electron-transfer effect. Moreover, the photochromic rate was tuned by changing the size of the anion. Larger anions widen the molecular spacing and weaken the electron transfer and eventually lead to a decrease in the photochromic rate. Finally, bipyridine derivatives were printed on a polyethylene terephthalate film or paper as a sensitive, adjustable, and visible sensor to monitor near-ultraviolet radiation emitted by an light-emitting diode screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yongyuan Ren
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Ji Pan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
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21
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Liu YZ, Wang H, Chan CK, Mu X, Robeyns K, Wang CC, Singleton ML. Structure-Dependent Guest Recognition with Flexible Ferrocene-Based Aromatic Oligoamide β-Sheet Mimics. Chemistry 2020; 26:181-185. [PMID: 31691432 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of aromatic oligoamides incorporating an inherently flexible ferrocene dicarboxylic acid unit was synthesized. Solid state, solution, and computational studies on these systems indicated that the aromatic strands can adopt a syn parallel stacked conformation. This results in modular β-sheet-like molecular clefts that display structure-dependent recognition of small polar molecules. NMR and theoretical studies of the host-guest interaction support an in cleft binding mode and allowed the selectivity of the oligomers to be rationalized on the basis of minor changes in functional-group presentation on the edge of the aromatic strands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhou Liu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Hu Wang
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Xiao Mu
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Koen Robeyns
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | | | - Michael L Singleton
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
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22
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Cai K, Shi Y, Cao C, Vemuri S, Cui B, Shen D, Wu H, Zhang L, Qiu Y, Chen H, Jiao Y, Stern CL, Alsubaie FM, Xiao H, Li J, Stoddart JF. Tuning radical interactions in trisradical tricationic complexes by varying host-cavity sizes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:107-112. [PMID: 32110362 PMCID: PMC7012021 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although host–guest pairing interactions between bisradical dicationic cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (BB2(˙+)) and the bipyridinium radical cation (BIPY˙+) have been studied extensively, host molecules other than BB2(˙+) are few and far between.
Although host–guest pairing interactions between bisradical dicationic cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (BB2(˙+)) and the bipyridinium radical cation (BIPY˙+) have been studied extensively, host molecules other than BB2(˙+) are few and far between. Herein, four bisradical dicationic cyclophanes with tunable cavity sizes are investigated as new bisradical dicationic hosts for accommodating the methyl viologen radical cation (MV˙+) to form trisradical tricationic complexes. The structure–property relationships between cavity sizes and binding affinities have been established by comprehensive solution and solid-state characterizations as well as DFT calculations. The association constants of the four new trisradical tricationic complexes are found to range between 7400 and 170 000 M–1, with the strongest one being 4.3 times higher than that for [MV⊂BB]3(˙+). The facile accessibility and tunable stability of these new trisradical tricationic complexes make them attractive redox-controlled recognition motifs for further use in supramolecular chemistry and mechanostereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Changsu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Suneal Vemuri
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA .
| | - Fehaid M Alsubaie
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nano-Systems , King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology , Riyadh 11442 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education , Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China .
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA . .,Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China.,School of Chemistry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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23
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Tsujimoto Y, Sakurai T, Ono Y, Nagano S, Seki S. Cold Crystallization of Ferrocene-Hinged π-Conjugated Molecule Induced by the Limited Conformational Freedom of Ferrocene. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8325-8332. [PMID: 31498994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsujimoto
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ono
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nagano
- Nagoya University Venture Business Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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24
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Photo/redox-responsive 2D-Supramolecular assembly involving Cucurbit[8]uril and a star-shaped porphyrin tecton. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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26
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Axial ligand mediated switchable rotary motions in a ferrocene-bridged diiron(III) porphyrin dimer. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Sagara T, Eguchi H. Revisiting aqueous redox process of alkyl-linked bis-viologen: Evaluation of redox potential inversion. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Kahlfuss C, Grüber R, Dumont E, Royal G, Chevallier F, Cobo S, Saint-Aman E, Bucher C. Dynamic Molecular Metamorphism Involving Palladium-Assisted Dimerization of π-Cation Radicals. Chemistry 2019; 25:1573-1580. [PMID: 30428127 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic supramolecular approach is developed to promote the π-dimerization of viologen radicals at room temperature and in standard concentration ranges. The approach involves cis- or trans-protected palladium centers serving as inorganic hinges linking two functionalized viologens endowed with metal-ion coordinating properties. Based on detailed spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational data, we show that the one-electron electrochemical reduction of the viologen units in different dynamic metal/ligand mixtures leads to the formation of the same intramolecular π-dimer, regardless of the initial environment around the metallic precursor and of the relative ratio between metal and ligand initially introduced in solution. The large-scale electron-triggered reorganization of the building blocks introduced in solution thus involves drastic changes in the stoichiometry and stereochemistry of the palladium/viologen complexes proceeding in some cases through a palladium centered trans→cis isomerization of the coordinated ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Kahlfuss
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS-Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Raymond Grüber
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS-Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Dumont
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS-Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Guy Royal
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Floris Chevallier
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS-Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Saioa Cobo
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Saint-Aman
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS-Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
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Tahara H, Uranaka K, Hirano M, Ikeda T, Sagara T, Murakami H. Electrochromism of Ferrocene- and Viologen-Based Redox-Active Ionic Liquids Composite. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1-6. [PMID: 30582681 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active ionic liquids (RAILs) require no other additional reagents such as solvent and supporting electrolyte for electrochemical reactions under undiluted condition. Viologen-based RAILs are one of the electrochromic (EC) ionic liquids with sharp color contrast and high chemical stability. An operation of an EC cell requires two electroactive elements, an EC material and a charge compensating material. In this study, an equimolar composite of a viologen-based RAIL as the EC material and a ferrocene-based RAIL as the charge compensation material, was synthesized and applied to an EC cell. The EC cell with the composite RAIL of as high concentration as 0.92 M each redox species showed good coloration efficiency (91.4 cm2 C-1 at 540 nm on 1.0 V). The coloration process of the EC cell was diffusion-limited process. The current and absorbance of the EC cell reached constant values at large enough bias voltage because of the charge recombination between reduced viologens and oxidized ferrocenes. The recombination affected rapid color erasing process. Almost no deterioration of the composite RAIL was found by 1H NMR after 13 000 potential cycle durability experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Tahara
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo , Nagasaki , 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Kazuaki Uranaka
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo , Nagasaki , 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Makoto Hirano
- School of Engineering , Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo , Nagasaki , 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Tomoya Ikeda
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo , Nagasaki , 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Takamasa Sagara
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo , Nagasaki , 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Hiroto Murakami
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagasaki University 1-14 Bunkyo , Nagasaki , 852-8521 , Japan
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Schröder HV, Mekic A, Hupatz H, Sobottka S, Witte F, Urner LH, Gaedke M, Pagel K, Sarkar B, Paulus B, Schalley CA. Switchable synchronisation of pirouetting motions in a redox-active [3]rotaxane. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21425-21433. [PMID: 30427015 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05534c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the crown/ammonium [3]rotaxane R2 is reported which allows a switchable synchronisation of wheel pirouetting motions. The rotaxane is composed of a dumbbell-shaped axle molecule with two mechanically interlocked macrocycles which are decorated with a redox-active tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments reveal that rotaxane R2 can be reversibly switched between four stable oxidation states (R2, R2˙+, R22(˙+), and R24+). The oxidations enable non-covalent, cofacial interactions between the TTF units in each state-including a stabilised mixed-valence (TTF2)˙+ and a radical-cation (TTF˙+)2 dimer interaction-which dictate a syn (R2, R2˙+, and R22(˙+)) or anti (R24+) ground state co-conformation of the wheels in the rotaxane. Furthermore, the strength of these wheel-wheel interactions varies with the oxidation state, and thus electrochemical switching allows a controllable synchronisation of the wheels' pirouetting motions. DFT calculations explore the potential energy surface of the counter-rotation of the two interacting wheels in all oxidation states. The controlled coupling of pirouetting motions in rotaxanes can lead to novel molecular gearing systems which transmit rotational motion by switchable non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik V Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Antuf’eva AD, Dmitriev MV, Maiorova OA, Mokrushin IG, Galeev AR, Shklyaeva EV, Abashev GG. New π-Conjugated Ferrocenyl-Substituted Heterocyclic Systems Containing Electron-Deficient Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428018090142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Correia HD, Chowdhury S, Ramos AP, Guy L, Demets GJ, Bucher C. Dynamic supramolecular polymers built from cucurbit[n]urils and viologens. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Dias Correia
- Escola Técnica Escola técnica estadual Ângelo Cavalheiro, Rua José Correia Filho 750 Serrana Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040‐901 Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Shagor Chowdhury
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie Lyon France
| | - Ana Paula Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040‐901 Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Laure Guy
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie Lyon France
| | - Grégoire Jean‐François Demets
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040‐901 Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie Lyon France
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Gadhachanda VR, Eastman KJ, Wang Q, Phadke AS, Patel D, Yang W, Marlor CW, Deshpande M, Huang M, Wiles JA. Ferrocene-based inhibitors of hepatitis C virus replication that target NS5A with low picomolar in vitro antiviral activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3463-3471. [PMID: 30290989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented series of organometallic HCV (hepatitis C virus) NS5A (nonstructural 5A protein) replication complex inhibitors that incorporates a 1,1'-ferrocenediyl scaffold was explored. This scaffold introduces the elements of linear flexibility and non-planar topology that are unconventional for this class of inhibitors. Data from 2-D NMR spectroscopic analyses of these complexes in solution support an anti (unstacked) arrangement of the pharmacophoric groups. Several complexes demonstrate single-digit picomolar in vitro activity in an HCV genotype-1b replicon system. One complex to arise from this investigation (10a) exhibits exceptional picomolar activity against HCV genotype 1a and 1b replicons, low hepatocellular cytotoxicity, and good pharmacokinetic properties in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Gadhachanda
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Kyle J Eastman
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Qiuping Wang
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Avinash S Phadke
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Dharaben Patel
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Wengang Yang
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Christopher W Marlor
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Milind Deshpande
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Jason A Wiles
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
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Abdul-Hassan WS, Roux D, Bucher C, Cobo S, Molton F, Saint-Aman E, Royal G. Redox-Triggered Folding of Self-Assembled Coordination Polymers incorporating Viologen Units. Chemistry 2018; 24:12961-12969. [PMID: 29907986 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the study of stimuli-responsive ZnII and FeII coordination polymers (MC34+ or MC24+ with M=Fe2+ or Zn2+ ). These soluble metallopolymers were formed spontaneously by reaction of an organic ligand (C34+ or C24+ ) with one molar equivalent of metal ions. The C34+ and C24+ ligands incorporate two chelating terpyridine groups bridged by a redox responsive hinge featuring two viologen units (viologen=N,N'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium) linked either with propyl (C34+ ) or ethyl (C24+ ) chains. The viologen units in the polymer chains were reduced (1 e- per viologen group) either by bulk electrolysis or by visible-light irradiation carried out in the presence of a photosensitizer. The 1 e- reduction of the viologen units in the MC24+ polymers induced a slight decrease in the viscosity of the solutions due to a modification of the overall charge carried by the metallopolymers. In strong contrast, reduction of coordination polymers involving propyl linkers (MC34+ ) led to a remarkable increase (≈+400 %) in observed viscosity. This reversible effect was attributed to a folding of the polymer chains triggered by π-dimerization of the photo-generated viologen cation radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wathiq Sattar Abdul-Hassan
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, 38400, Grenoble, France.,University of Thi-Qar, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, 64001, Nassiria, Iraq
| | - Denis Roux
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LRP, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Univ. Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Saioa Cobo
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, 38400, Grenoble, France
| | - Florian Molton
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, 38400, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Saint-Aman
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, 38400, Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Royal
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire, 38400, Grenoble, France
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Findlay JA, Barnsley JE, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. Synthesis and Light-Induced Actuation of Photo-Labile 2-Pyridyl-1,2,3-Triazole Ru(bis-bipyridyl) Appended Ferrocene Rotors. Molecules 2018; 23:E2037. [PMID: 30110981 PMCID: PMC6222349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To realise useful control over molecular motion in the future an extensive toolbox of both actionable molecules and stimuli-responsive units must be developed. Previously, our laboratory has reported 1,1'-disubstituted ferrocene (Fc) rotor units which assume a contracted/π-stacked conformation until complexation of cationic metal ions causes rotation about the Ferrocene (Fc) molecular 'ball-bearing'. Herein, we explore the potential of using the photochemical ejection of [Ru(2,2'-bipyridyl)₂]2+ units as a stimulus for the rotational contraction of new ferrocene rotor units. Fc rotors with both 'regular' and 'inverse' 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole binding pockets and their corresponding [Ru(2,2'-bipyridyl)₂]2+ complexes were synthesised. The rotors and complexes were characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopies, Electro-Spray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI⁻MS), and electrochemistry. The 1,1'-disubstituted Fc ligands were shown to π-stack both in solution and solid state. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations (CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(d)) support the notion that complexation to [Ru(2,2'-bipyridyl)₂]2+ caused a rotation from the syn- to the anti-conformation. Upon photo-irradiation with UV light (254 nm), photo-ejection of the [Ru(2,2'-bipyridyl)₂(CH₃CN)₂]2+ units in acetonitrile was observed. The re-complexation of the [Ru(2,2'-bipyridyl)₂]2+ units could be achieved using acetone as the reaction solvent. However, the process was exceedingly slowly. Additionally, the Fc ligands slowly decomposed when exposed to UV irradiation meaning that only one extension and contraction cycle could be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Findlay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan E Barnsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, Otago, New Zealand.
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, Otago, New Zealand.
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36
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Fumanal M, Capdevila-Cortada M, Novoa JJ. Understanding room-temperature π-dimerisation of radical ions: intramolecular π-[TTF] 22+ in functionalised calix[4]arenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:3807-3819. [PMID: 28102383 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07794c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Long, multicentre π-dimers of radical ions are weakly bound and can only be observed in solution at low temperature. However, recent supramolecular approaches induce the extra stabilisation required to preserve them at room temperature, by different means depending on the approach. In particular, π-[TTF]22+ dimers (TTF = tetrathiafulvalene) were detected upon oxidation of a TTF-based calix[4]arene in acetonitrile solution at room temperature, manifesting intramolecular [R-TTF]˙+[R-TTF]˙+ interactions (Chem. Commun. 2006, 2, 2233). In this work, the reasons behind the remarkable formation of these π-dimers in the calix[4]arene, [calix], molecule are unravelled by means of DFT calculations. We first demonstrate that the properties of the π-[R-TTF]22+ dimers are preserved in the [calix]2+. Most importantly, our results show that the π-dimerised and non-dimerised forms of the [calix]2+ are isoenergetic at room temperature, and that the activation energy for this process is ca. 9.5 kcal mol-1. Hence, both forms coexist in equilibrium at 298 K, as the intramolecular nature of the interaction ensures a high reaction rate. The role of the Na+ cation in preventing the π-[R-TTF]22+ dimerisation of the [calix]2+ receptor is also examined, unveiling that this effect is mostly due to the electrostatic repulsion induced by the cation. Finally, we provide a revision on room-temperature stable supramolecular long, multicentre π-dimers of radical ions, a class of systems with great potential as molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fumanal
- Departament de Química Física and IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marçal Capdevila-Cortada
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Juan J Novoa
- Departament de Química Física and IQTCUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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López-Mayorga B, Sandoval-Chávez CI, Carreón-Castro P, Ugalde-Saldívar VM, Cortés-Guzmán F, López-Cortés JG, Ortega-Alfaro MC. Ferrocene amphiphilic D–π–A dyes: synthesis, redox behavior and determination of band gaps. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We reported the synthesis, optical and redox behavior of six ferrocenyl D–π–A dyes. Optical and electrochemical band gaps were determined and corroborated by TD-DFT calculations. Compounds4exhibit the smallest band gap of this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. López-Mayorga
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
| | - C. I. Sandoval-Chávez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
| | - P. Carreón-Castro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
| | | | - F. Cortés-Guzmán
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Cd. Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
| | - J. G. López-Cortés
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Cd. Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
| | - M. C. Ortega-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Circuito Exterior
- Ciudad Universitaria
- Cd. Mx
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Sivaev IB. Ferrocene and Transition Metal Bis(Dicarbollides) as Platform for Design of Rotatory Molecular Switches. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122201. [PMID: 29232924 PMCID: PMC6149777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of rotatory molecular switches based on extremely stable sandwich organometallic complexes ferrocene and bis(dicarbollide) complexes of transition metals is reviewed. The "on"-"off" switching in these systems can be controlled by various external stimuli such as change of the solution pH, interactions with coordinating species or redox reactions involving the central atom or substituents in the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Sivaev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Anufriev SA, Sivaev IB, Suponitsky KY, Bregadze VI. Practical synthesis of 9-methylthio-7,8-nido-carborane [9-MeS-7,8-C2B9H11]-. Some evidences of BH···X hydride-halogen bonds in 9- XCH2(Me)S-7,8-C2B9H11 (X = Cl, Br, I). J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Nishinaga T, Sotome Y. Stable Radical Cations and Their π-Dimers Prepared from Ethylene- and Propylene-3,4-dioxythiophene Co-oligomers: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. J Org Chem 2017. [PMID: 28650158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Co-oligomers composed of two 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) units and two or three 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) units, i.e., 2E2PEt and 2E3PEt, were newly synthesized together with the ProDOT trimer 3PMe. On the basis of cyclic voltammetry, the gaps between the first and second oxidation potentials (ΔE1-2) of 2E2PEt and 2E3PEt were found to be larger than that of the previously synthesized ProDOT tetramer 4PHex. These co-oligomers gave the fairly stable radical cations 2E2PEt•+ and 2E3PEt•+ by chemical oxidation with AgSbF6. The disproportionation of 2E2PEt•+ and 2E3PEt•+ into neutral and dicationic species, which was observed for 4PHex•+, was inhibited in accord with the larger ΔE1-2. Additionally, the formation of the π-dimers (3PMe)22+, (2E2PEt)22+, and (2E3PE)22+ was clearly observed in dichloromethane solution at low temperatures with UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the π-dimerization enthalpies of 2E2PEt•+ and 2E3PEt•+ were greater than that of 3PMe•+, suggesting the formation of fully π-contacted structures. The structures of the π-dimers were optimized at the B97D3 method, and the calculated absorption spectra of the π-dimers obtained using TD-DFT methods were in reasonable agreement with the observed ones, supporting the reliability of the calculated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sotome
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Fukino T, Yamagishi H, Aida T. Redox-Responsive Molecular Systems and Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603888. [PMID: 27990693 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox reactions can alter the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of molecules and their ensembles by adding or removing electrons. Here, the developments made over the past 10 years using molecular events are discussed, such as assembly/disassembly, transformation of ensembles, geometric changes, and molecular motions that are designed to be redox-responsive. Considerable progress has occurred in the application of these events to the realization of electronic memory, color displays, actuators, adhesives, and drug delivery. In these cases, systems behave in either a highly or a poorly correlated manner depending on the number of redox-active units involved, based on the method of integration. One of the great advantages of redox-responsive devices and materials is that they have the potential to be readily integrated into existing electronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fukino
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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42
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Marchini M, Baroncini M, Bergamini G, Ceroni P, D'Angelantonio M, Franchi P, Lucarini M, Negri F, Szreder T, Venturi M. Hierarchical Growth of Supramolecular Structures Driven by Pimerization of Tetrahedrally Arranged Bipyridinium Units. Chemistry 2017; 23:6380-6390. [PMID: 28263437 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A shape-persistent molecule, featuring four bipyridinium units, has been synthesized that upon reduction undergoes intermolecular pimerization because of the rigid architecture of the molecule. The pimerization process has been investigated by a variety of techniques, such as absorption measurements, EPR spectroscopy, as well as gamma and pulse radiolysis, and compared with the behavior of a model compound. Computational studies have also been performed to support the experimental data. The most interesting feature of the tetramer is that pimerization occurs only above a threshold concentration of monoreduced species, on the contrary to the model compound. Furthermore, there is an increase of the apparent pimerization constant by increasing the concentration of reduced bipyridinium units. These results have been interpreted by the fact that pimerization is favored in the tetrahedrally shaped molecule because of a cooperative mechanism. Each multiply reduced molecule can indeed undergo multiple intermolecular interactions that enhance the stabilization of the system, also leading to hierarchical supramolecular growth. The resulting supramolecular system formed by such intermolecular pimerization should exhibit a diamond-like structure, as suggested by a simplified modeling approach. The intermolecular nature of the pimerization process occurring in the tetramer has been demonstrated by measuring the corresponding bimolecular rate constant by pulsed radiolysis experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Marchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Present address: Dipartimento di Scienze e, Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, viale Fanin 50, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar Energy, Bologna Unit, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar Energy, Bologna Unit, Università di Bologna, Italy
| | - Mila D'Angelantonio
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Franchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tomasz Szreder
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna Str., 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Margherita Venturi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Interuniversity Center for the Chemical Conversion of Solar Energy, Bologna Unit, Università di Bologna, Italy
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43
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Berville M, Choua S, Gourlaouen C, Boudon C, Ruhlmann L, Bailly C, Cobo S, Saint-Aman E, Wytko J, Weiss J. Flexible Viologen Cyclophanes: Odd/Even Effects on Intramolecular Interactions. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:796-803. [PMID: 28052477 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ability of three bis-viologen cyclophanes to act as redox-triggered contractile switches is investigated. Odd/even effects in the formation of cyclic bis-viologens are circumvented by the use of a Zincke salt intermediate and a tetrathiafulvalene template to prepare a flexible cyclophane with hexyl linkers. Comparative spectro-electrochemical studies of this macrocycle with two other pentyl- or heptyl-linked cyclic bis-viologens show that the development of intramolecular interactions in aqueous solution depends on the length of the bridges. This dependence is confirmed by EPR and DFT studies of the magnetic coupling in the diradical dication species. The anti-ferromagnetic or ferromagnetic nature of the coupling depend, respectively, on the odd or even number of methylene groups in the spacer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Berville
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Choua
- Laboratoire de Propriétés Optiques et Magnétiques des Architectures Moléculaires, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Boudon
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et Chimie Physique du Corps Solide, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Bailly
- Service de Cristallographie, GDS 3648, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Saioa Cobo
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Rédox, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Saint-Aman
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 5250, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Rédox, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jennifer Wytko
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Ligands à Architecture Contrôlée, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg, France
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44
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Swanson DD, Conner KM, Brown SN. A chelating bis(aminophenol) ligand bridged by a 1,1′-ferrocene-bis(para-phenylene) linker. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9049-9057. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The 1,1′-ferrocene-bis(p-phenylene) group serves as a structural linker connecting two iminosemiquinones to palladium without significant electronic interactions between the ferrocene and the palladium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Swanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Kyle M. Conner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Seth N. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
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45
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Scottwell SØ, Barnsley JE, McAdam CJ, Gordon KC, Crowley JD. A ferrocene based switchable molecular folding ruler. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03358c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bis(ferrocene) three tiered molecular folding ruler can be induced to undergo a large scale extension and contraction process using either chemical or better electrochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan E. Barnsley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
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46
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Qi Q, Yang B, Xi CG, Yang X, Zhang DW, Liu S, Li ZT. Doubly, Triply and Multiply Pleated Sheets of Bipyridinium Radical Cation-Incorporated Polymers Tuned by Four Cucurbiturils. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qi
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Cheng-Gang Xi
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Xiran Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430081 China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Simin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Wuhan University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430081 China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM); Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 China
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47
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Huang X, Yang L, Emanuelsson R, Bergquist J, Strømme M, Sjödin M, Gogoll A. A versatile route to polythiophenes with functional pendant groups using alkyne chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2682-2688. [PMID: 28144339 PMCID: PMC5238539 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new versatile polythiophene building block, 3-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)prop-1-yne (pyEDOT) (3), is prepared from glycidol in four steps in 28% overall yield. pyEDOT features an ethynyl group on its ethylenedioxy bridge, allowing further functionalization by alkyne chemistry. Its usefulness is demonstrated by a series of functionalized polythiophene derivatives that were obtained by pre- and post-electropolymerization transformations, provided by the synthetic ease of the Sonogashira coupling and click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Li Yang
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rikard Emanuelsson
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Strømme
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Sjödin
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adolf Gogoll
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University, Box 576, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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48
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Kahlfuss C, Denis-Quanquin S, Calin N, Dumont E, Garavelli M, Royal G, Cobo S, Saint-Aman E, Bucher C. Electron-Triggered Metamorphism in Porphyrin-Based Self-Assembled Coordination Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15234-15242. [PMID: 27766847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viologen-centered electron transfer is used to trigger a complete dissociation of a porphyrin-based supramolecular architecture. In the oxidized state, self-assembly is induced by iterative association of individual porphyrin-based tectons. Dissociation of the self-assembled species is actuated upon changing the redox state of the bipyridium units involved in the tectons from their dicationic state to their radical cation state, the driving force of the disassembling process being the formation of an intramolecularly locked conformation partly stabilized by π-dimerization of both viologen cation radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Kahlfuss
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Denis-Quanquin
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Calin
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Elise Dumont
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna , V. F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guy Royal
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), F38400 Grenoble, France
| | - Saioa Cobo
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), F38400 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Saint-Aman
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), F38400 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342 Lyon, France
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49
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Mrózek O, Vinklárek J, Růžičková Z, Honzíček J. Indenyl Compounds with Constrained Hapticity: The Effect of Strong Intramolecular Coordination. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Mrózek
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 57353210 PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Jaromír Vinklárek
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 57353210 PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic ChemistryFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 57353210 PardubiceCzech Republic
| | - Jan Honzíček
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular MaterialsFaculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentská 57353210PardubiceCzech Republic
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50
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Takai A, Kajitani T, Fukushima T, Kishikawa K, Yasuda T, Takeuchi M. Supramolecular Assemblies of Ferrocene-Hinged Naphthalenediimides: Multiple Conformational Changes in Film States. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11245-53. [PMID: 27564327 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We design a new naphthalenediimide (NDI) π-system, NDI-Fc-NDI, having a ferrocene linker as a hinge unit and long alkyl chains as supramolecular assembling units. The NDI units are "directionally flexible" in concert with the pivoting motion of the ferrocene unit with a small rotational barrier. The NDI units rotate around the ferrocene unit faster than the NMR time scale in solution at room temperature. UV-vis absorption, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscope studies reveal that NDI-Fc-NDI forms a fibrous supramolecular assembly in solution (methylcyclohexane and highly concentrated chloroform) and film states, wherein the NDI units are in the slipped-stack conformation. The NDI-Fc-NDI supramolecular assembly in the film state exhibits multiple phase transitions associated with conformational changes at different temperatures, which are confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction. Such thermal transitions of NDI-Fc-NDI films also induce changes in the optical and electronic properties as revealed by UV-vis absorption and photoelectron yield spectroscopies, respectively. The thermal behaviors of NDI-Fc-NDI, realized by the unique molecular design, are considerably different from the reference compounds such as an NDI dimer connected with a flexible 1,4-butylene linker. These results provide us with a plausible strategy to propagate the molecular dynamics of the π-system into macroscopic properties in film states; the key factors are (i) the supramolecular alignment of molecular switching units and (ii) the directional motion of the switching units perpendicular to the supramolecular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuro Takai
- International Center for Young Scientists, Semiconductor Nano-interfaces Group, and Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Kajitani
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yasuda
- International Center for Young Scientists, Semiconductor Nano-interfaces Group, and Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- International Center for Young Scientists, Semiconductor Nano-interfaces Group, and Molecular Design & Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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