1
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Daliran S, Oveisi AR, Kung CW, Sen U, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Chuang CH, Khajeh M, Erkartal M, Hupp JT. Defect-enabling zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks for energy and environmental remediation applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6244-6294. [PMID: 38743011 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01057k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the diverse applications of defective zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) in energy and environmental remediation. Zr-MOFs have gained significant attention due to their unique properties, and deliberate introduction of defects further enhances their functionality. The review encompasses several areas where defective Zr-MOFs exhibit promise, including environmental remediation, detoxification of chemical warfare agents, photocatalytic energy conversions, and electrochemical applications. Defects play a pivotal role by creating open sites within the framework, facilitating effective adsorption and remediation of pollutants. They also contribute to the catalytic activity of Zr-MOFs, enabling efficient energy conversion processes such as hydrogen production and CO2 reduction. The review underscores the importance of defect manipulation, including control over their distribution and type, to optimize the performance of Zr-MOFs. Through tailored defect engineering and precise selection of functional groups, researchers can enhance the selectivity and efficiency of Zr-MOFs for specific applications. Additionally, pore size manipulation influences the adsorption capacity and transport properties of Zr-MOFs, further expanding their potential in environmental remediation and energy conversion. Defective Zr-MOFs exhibit remarkable stability and synthetic versatility, making them suitable for diverse environmental conditions and allowing for the introduction of missing linkers, cluster defects, or post-synthetic modifications to precisely tailor their properties. Overall, this review highlights the promising prospects of defective Zr-MOFs in addressing energy and environmental challenges, positioning them as versatile tools for sustainable solutions and paving the way for advancements in various sectors toward a cleaner and more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Daliran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 68151-44316, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Oveisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, P.O. Box: 98615-538, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Chung-Wei Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Unal Sen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
| | - Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy
- Departamento de Quimica, Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Mostafa Khajeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, P.O. Box: 98615-538, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Mustafa Erkartal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin 74110, Turkey
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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2
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Frei H. Controlled electron transfer by molecular wires embedded in ultrathin insulating membranes for driving redox catalysis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023:10.1007/s11120-023-01061-7. [PMID: 38108928 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Organic bilayers or amorphous silica films of a few nanometer thickness featuring embedded molecular wires offer opportunities for chemically separating while at the same time electronically connecting photo- or electrocatalytic components. Such ultrathin membranes enable the integration of components for which direct coupling is not sufficiently efficient or stable. Photoelectrocatalytic systems for the generation or utilization of renewable energy are among the most prominent ones for which ultrathin separation layers open up new approaches for component integration for improving efficiency. Recent advances in the assembly and spectroscopic, microscopic, and photoelectrochemical characterization have enabled the systematic optimization of the structure, energetics, and density of embedded molecular wires for maximum charge transfer efficiency. The progress enables interfacial designs for the nanoscale integration of the incompatible oxidation and reduction catalysis environments of artificial photosystems and of microbial (or biomolecular)-abiotic systems for renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Frei
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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3
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Zhang H, Weiss I, Rudra I, Jo WJ, Kellner S, Katsoukis G, Galoppini E, Frei H. Controlling and Optimizing Photoinduced Charge Transfer across Ultrathin Silica Separation Membrane with Embedded Molecular Wires for Artificial Photosynthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23532-23546. [PMID: 33983702 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin amorphous silica membranes with embedded organic molecular wires (oligo(p-phenylenevinylene), three aryl units) provide chemical separation of incompatible catalytic environments of CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation while maintaining electronic and protonic coupling between them. For an efficient nanoscale artificial photosystem, important performance criteria are high rate and directionality of charge flow. Here, the visible-light-induced charge flow from an anchored Ru bipyridyl light absorber across the silica nanomembrane to Co3O4 water oxidation catalyst is quantitatively evaluated by photocurrent measurements. Charge transfer rates increase linearly with wire density, with 5 nm-2 identified as an optimal target. Accurate measurement of wire and light absorber densities is accomplished by the polarized FT-IRRAS method. Guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, four wire derivatives featuring electron-donating (methoxy) and -withdrawing groups (sulfonate, perfluorophenyl) with highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) potentials ranging from 1.48 to 0.64 V vs NHE were synthesized and photocurrents evaluated. Charge transfer rates increase sharply with increasing driving force for hole transfer from the excited light absorber to the embedded wire, followed by a decrease as the HOMO potential of the wire moves beyond the Co3O4 valence band level toward more negative values, pointing to an optimal wire HOMO potential around 1.3 V vs NHE. Comparison with photocurrents of samples without nanomembrane indicates that silica layers with optimized wires are able to approach undiminished electron flux at typical solar intensities. Combined with the established high proton conductivity and small-molecule blocking property, the charge transfer measurements demonstrate that oxidation and reduction catalysis can be efficiently integrated on the nanoscale under separation by an ultrathin silica membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Zhang
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ian Weiss
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Indranil Rudra
- Shell India Markets Pvt. Ltd., Mahadeva Kodigehalli, Bangalore 562149, India
| | - Won Jun Jo
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Simon Kellner
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Georgios Katsoukis
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elena Galoppini
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Heinz Frei
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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4
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Song H, Lin Y, Zhang Z, Rao H, Wang W, Fang Y, Pan Z, Zhong X. Improving the Efficiency of Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cells beyond 15% via Secondary Deposition. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4790-4800. [PMID: 33734670 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low loading is one of the bottlenecks limiting the performance of quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). Although previous QD secondary deposition relying on electrostatic interaction can improve QD loading, due to the introduction of new recombination centers, it is not capable of enhancing the photovoltage and fill factor. Herein, without the introduction of new recombination centers, a convenient QD secondary deposition approach is developed by creating new adsorption sites via the formation of a metal oxyhydroxide layer around QD presensitized photoanodes. MgCl2 solution treated Zn-Cu-In-S-Se (ZCISSe) QD sensitized TiO2 film electrodes have been chosen as a model device to investigate this secondary deposition approach. The experimental results demonstrate that additional 38% of the QDs are immobilized on the photoanode as a single layer. Due to the increased QD loading and concomitant enhanced light-harvesting capacity and reduced charge recombination, not only photocurrent but also photovoltage and fill factor have been remarkably enhanced. The average PCE of resulted ZCISSe QDSCs is boosted to 15.31% (Jsc = 26.52 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.802 V, FF = 0.720), from the original 13.54% (Jsc = 24.23 mA cm-2, Voc = 0.789 V, FF = 0.708). Furthermore, a new certified PCE record of 15.20% has been obtained for liquid-junction QDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Song
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Huashang Rao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenran Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Fang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China
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Wang D, Huang Q, Shi W, You W, Meyer TJ. Application of Atomic Layer Deposition in Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Biomorphic Fibrous TiO2 Photocatalyst Obtained by Hydrothermal Impregnation of Short Flax Fibers with Titanium Polyhydroxocomplexes. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A biomimetic solution technology for producing a photocatalytic material in the form of biomorphic titanium oxide fibers with a hierarchical structure using short flax fiber as a biotemplate is proposed. The impregnation of flax fibers intensified under hydrothermal conditions with a precursor was performed in an autoclave to activate the nucleation of the photoactive TiO2 phases. The interaction between precursor and flax fibers was studied by using infrared spectroscopy (IR) and differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetry analysis (DSC/TG). The morphology, structure, and textural properties of the TiO2 fibers obtained at annealing temperatures of 500–700 °C were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption. It is shown that the annealing temperature of the impregnated biotemplates significantly affects the phase composition, crystallite size, and porous structure of TiO2 fiber samples. The photocatalytic activity of the obtained fibrous TiO2 materials was evaluated by using the decomposition of the cationic dye Rhodamine B in an aqueous solution (concentration 12 mg/L) under the influence of ultraviolet radiation (UV). The maximum photodegradation efficiency of the Rhodamine B was observed for TiO2 fibers annealed at 600 °C and containing 40% anatase and 60% rutile. This sample ensured 100% degradation of the dye in 20 min, and this amount significantly exceeds the photocatalytic activity of the commercial Degussa P25 photocatalyst and TiO2 samples obtained previously under hydrothermal conditions by the sol-gel method.
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Synergistic Effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma and TiO2-Pillared Montmorillonite on the Degradation of Rhodamine B in an Aqueous Solution. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalytic, plasma and combined plasma–photocatalytic processes were applied for the destruction of a model pollutant, Rhodamine B dye, in an aqueous solution (concentration of 40 mg/L). For this purpose TiO2-pillared montmorillonite was used as a photocatalyst (characterized by X-ray analysis and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption). It was prepared by the method of intercalation of titanium hydroxocomplexes, including hydrothermal activation of the process and preliminary mechanical treatment of the layered substrate. The dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma in the presence of photocatalysts increases the efficiency of dye degradation (100%, 8 s) compared to plasmolysis (94%) and UV photolysis (92%, 100 min of UV irradiation); in contrast to photolysis, destructive processes are more profound and lead to the formation of simple organic compounds such as carboxylic acids. The plasma–catalytic method enhances by 20% the energetic efficiency of the destruction of Rhodamine B compared to DBD plasma. The efficiency of dye destruction with the plasma–catalytic method increases with the improvement of the textural properties of the photocatalyst.
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8
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Katsoukis G, Frei H. Ultrathin oxide layers for nanoscale integration of molecular light absorbers, catalysts, and complete artificial photosystems. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5052453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Katsoukis
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Heinz Frei
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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9
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Zając K, Janus M, Morawski AW. Improved Self-Cleaning Properties of Photocatalytic Gypsum Plaster Enriched with Glass Fiber. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12030357. [PMID: 30678342 PMCID: PMC6384851 DOI: 10.3390/ma12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the study the self-cleaning properties of photoactive gypsum plasters are presented. The modified gypsum plasters were obtained by addition of 1 and 3 wt.% of nitrogen-modified titanium dioxide (TiO2/N) and 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.% of glass fiber. The self-cleaning ability of the obtained materials was tested during two dyes decomposition: Methylene Blue (MB) and Reactive Orange (RO). It was found that presence of glass fiber increased photocatalytic activity of modified gypsum plasters, which may be due to the fact glass fiber may act as ducts for light and transport it to sites screened by TiO2 or glass fiber can retard charge recombination. Moreover, unexpectedly the addition of glass fiber did not increase the mechanical properties of modified gypsum plasters, which may be because gypsum does not strongly adhere to the surface of glass fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Zając
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Janus
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Antoni W Morawski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland.
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10
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Anantharaj G, Lakshminarasimhan N. Interfacial Modification of Photoanode|Electrolyte Interface Using Oleic Acid Enhancing the Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:18285-18294. [PMID: 31458406 PMCID: PMC6643926 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are useful devices in converting renewable solar energy into electrical energy. In DSSCs, the triiodide reduction at the surface of TiO2 is one of the detrimental processes that limit the realization of high efficiencies of the device. To alleviate the active sites available on the semiconductor surface for this detrimental process, the interfacial modification of the dye-adsorbed TiO2|electrolyte interface has been attempted by coadsorption of oleic acid (OA) over the TiO2 surface. Thus, the modified cell exhibited a higher efficiency (η) of 12.9% under one sun illumination when compared with that of the unmodified cell (η = 11.1%). To provide an insight into the OA anchoring and dynamics of electron transport at the photoanode|electrolyte interface, molecular spectroscopic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analyses were carried out. A red shift in the optical absorption spectrum was observed after the addition of OA to dye-adsorbed TiO2. The binding of OA to TiO2 surface was found to be through bridging bidentate type. Mott-Schottky analyses of the DSSCs under dark conditions were made to probe the shift in the Fermi level of TiO2 upon OA modification. In addition, the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been found between OA and N719 dye. Thus, the red shift in the optical absorption, enhanced electron-transfer kinetics, and FRET contributes to the observed enhancement in the efficiency of the device containing OA-modified photoanode.
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11
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Katsoukis G, Frei H. Heterobinuclear Light Absorber Coupled to Molecular Wire for Charge Transport across Ultrathin Silica Membrane for Artificial Photosynthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:31422-31432. [PMID: 30146876 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of robust, all-inorganic heterobinuclear light absorbers to metal oxide catalysts for water oxidation across an ultrathin product-separating silica membrane requires charge transfer through organic molecular wires embedded in the silica. A synthetic approach for assembling the bimetallic units on the silica surface is introduced that is compatible with the presence of encapsulated organic molecules. Accurate selection and fine tuning of the concentration of embedded conducting wires are enabled by a two-step method consisting of surface attachment of a tripodal anchor, trimethoxysilyl aniline, followed by attachment of p-oligo(phenylene vinylene) through amide linkage. Each step of the assembly process was monitored and characterized by a combination of Fourier transform infrared, Fourier transform-Raman, and UV-vis spectroscopy techniques. Hole transfer was observed from transient CoIII, formed by TiIVOCoII → TiIIIOCoIII charge transfer excitation of the chromophore, to p-oligo(phenylene vinylene) molecule within the 8 ns width of the photolysis laser pulse by transient optical absorption spectroscopy of the wire radical cation. The rectifying property of the light absorber-wire assembly enabled by appropriate selection of redox potentials of metals and embedded wire obviates the need for a molecularly defined linkage between the components. Combined with the previously observed ultrafast hole injection from the embedded wires to Co oxide catalyst, the result implies visible-light-induced hole transfer from visible-light-excited binuclear light absorber to water oxidation catalyst across the silica separation membrane in a few nanoseconds or faster. Demonstration and understanding of this interfacial charge-transfer step is critical for developing nanoscale core-shell architectures for complete photosynthetic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Katsoukis
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Heinz Frei
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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12
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Butman MF, Ovchinnikov NL, Karasev NS, Kochkina NE, Agafonov AV, Vinogradov AV. Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO 2-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29515950 PMCID: PMC5815293 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new approach for the synthesis of TiO2-pillared montmorillonite, where the pillars exhibit a high degree of crystallinity (nanocrystals) representing a mixture of anatase and rutile phases. The structures exhibit improved adsorption and photocatalytic activity as a result of hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes (i.e., TiCl4 hydrolysis products) in a solution with a concentration close to the sol formation limit. The materials, produced at various annealing temperatures from the intercalated samples, were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, and liquefied nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2-pillared materials was studied using the degradation of anionic (methyl orange, MO) and cationic (rhodamine B, RhB) dyes in water under UV irradiation. The combined effect of adsorption and photocatalysis resulted in removal of 100% MO and 97.5% RhB (with an initial concentration of 40 mg/L and a photocatalyst-sorbent concentration of 1 g/L) in about 100 minutes. The produced TiO2-pillared montmorillonite showed increased photocatalytic activity as compared to the commercially available photocatalyst Degussa P25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail F Butman
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevsky Av. 7, Ivanovo 153000, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay L Ovchinnikov
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevsky Av. 7, Ivanovo 153000, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita S Karasev
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, Sheremetevsky Av. 7, Ivanovo 153000, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya E Kochkina
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya St. 1, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Agafonov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya St. 1, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
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13
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Hoffeditz WL, Pellin MJ, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Determining the Conduction Band-Edge Potential of Solar-Cell-Relevant Nb 2O 5 Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9298-9306. [PMID: 28499092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Often key to boosting photovoltages in photoelectrochemical and related solar-energy-conversion devices is the preferential slowing of rates of charge recombination-especially recombination at semiconductor/solution, semiconductor/polymer, or semiconductor/perovskite interfaces. In devices featuring TiO2 as the semiconducting component, a common approach to slowing recombination is to install an ultrathin metal oxide barrier layer or trap-passivating layer atop the semiconductor, with the needed layer often being formed via atomic layer deposition (ALD). A particularly promising barrier layer material is Nb2O5. Its conduction-band-edge potential ECB is low enough that charge injection from an adsorbed molecular, polymeric, or solid-state light absorber and into the semiconductor can still occur, but high enough that charge recombination is inhibited. While a few measurements of ECB have been reported for conventionally synthesized, bulk Nb2O5, none have been described for ALD-fabricated versions. Here, we specifically determine the conduction-band-edge energy of ALD-fabricated Nb2O5 relative to that of TiO2. We find that, while the value for ALD-Nb2O5 is indeed higher than that for TiO2, the difference is less than anticipated based on measurements of conventionally synthesized Nb2O5 and is dependent on the thermal history of the material. The implications of the findings for optimization of competing interfacial rate processes, and therefore photovoltages, are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Hoffeditz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Pellin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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14
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Deng X, Li Z, García H. Visible Light Induced Organic Transformations Using Metal-Organic-Frameworks (MOFs). Chemistry 2017; 23:11189-11209. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Deng
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment; College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Research Institute of Photocatalysis; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment; College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Hermenegildo García
- Instituto de Tecnología Química; CSIV-UPV; Av. Delos Naranjos s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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15
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Sudhakar V, Arulkashmir A, Krishnamoorthy K. A polymer and graphene layer to increase dye regeneration and suppress back electron transfer in dye sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6629-6632. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A polymer–graphene blocking layer decreases back electron transfer and increases dye regeneration that improved the DSSC efficiency to 10.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vediappan Sudhakar
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- CSIR-Netoworks of Institutes for Solar Energy
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Arulraj Arulkashmir
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- CSIR-Netoworks of Institutes for Solar Energy
- Pune 411008
- India
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16
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Meyer TJ, Sheridan MV, Sherman BD. Mechanisms of molecular water oxidation in solution and on oxide surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6148-6169. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00465f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Initial experiments on water oxidation by well-defined molecular catalysts were initiated with the goal of finding solutions to solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Matthew V. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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17
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Hoffeditz WL, Son HJ, Pellin MJ, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Engendering Long-Term Air and Light Stability of a TiO 2-Supported Porphyrinic Dye via Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34863-34869. [PMID: 27935694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic and porphyrin-based chromophores are prevalent in liquid-junction photovoltaic and photocatalytic solar-cell chemistry; however, their long-term air and light instability may limit their practicality in real world technologies. Here, we describe the protection of a zinc porphyrin dye, adsorbed on nanoparticulate TiO2, from air and light degradation by a protective coating of alumina grown with a previously developed post-treatment atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The protective Al2O3 ALD layer is deposited using dimethylaluminum isopropoxide as an Al source; in contrast to the ubiquitous ALD precursor trimethylaluminum, dimethylaluminum isopropoxide does not degrade the zinc porphyrin dye, as confirmed by UV-vis measurements. The growth of this protective ALD layer around the dye can be monitored by an in-reactor quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Furthermore, greater than 80% of porphyrin light absorption is retained over ∼1 month of exposure to air and light when the protective coating is present, whereas almost complete loss of porphyrin absorption is observed in less than 2 days in the absence of the ALD protective layer. Applying the Al2O3 post-treatment technique to the TiO2-adsorbed dye allows the dye to remain in electronic contact with both the semiconductor surface and a surrounding electrolyte solution, the combination of which makes this technique promising for numerous other electrochemical photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications, especially those involving the dye-sensitized evolution of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Hoffeditz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Pellin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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18
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Wang W, Du J, Ren Z, Peng W, Pan Z, Zhong X. Improving Loading Amount and Performance of Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells through Metal Salt Solutions Treatment on Photoanode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31006-31015. [PMID: 27797169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing QD loading amount on photoanode and suppressing charge recombination are prerequisite for high-efficiency quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). Herein, a facile technique for enhancing the loading amount of QDs on photoanode and therefore improving the photovoltaic performance of the resultant cell devices is developed by pipetting metal salt aqueous solutions on TiO2 film electrode and then evaporating at elevated temperature. The effect of different metal salt solutions was investigated, and experimental results indicated that the isoelectric point (IEP) of metal ions influenced the loading amount of QDs and consequently the photovoltaic performance of the resultant cell devices. The influence of anions was also investigated, and the results indicated that anions of strong acid made no difference, while acetate anion hampered the performance of solar cells. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of oxyhydroxides, whose behavior was responsible for QD loading amount and thus solar cell performance. Suppressed charge recombination based on Mg2+ treatment under optimal conditions was confirmed by impedance spectroscopy as well as transient photovoltage decay measurement. Combined with high-QD loading amount and retarded charge recombination, the champion cell based on Mg2+ treatment exhibited an efficiency of 9.73% (Jsc = 27.28 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.609 V, FF = 0.585) under AM 1.5 G full 1 sun irradiation. The obtained efficiency was one of the best performances for liquid-junction QDSCs, which exhibited a 10% improvement over the untreated cells with the highest efficiency of 8.85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenran Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Du
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenwei Ren
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenxiang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University , 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
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19
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Brennaman MK, Dillon RJ, Alibabaei L, Gish MK, Dares CJ, Ashford DL, House RL, Meyer GJ, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Finding the Way to Solar Fuels with Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13085-13102. [PMID: 27654634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) integrates high bandgap, nanoparticle oxide semiconductors with the light-absorbing and catalytic properties of designed chromophore-catalyst assemblies. The goals are photoelectrochemical water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen and reduction of CO2 by water to give oxygen and carbon-based fuels. Solar-driven water oxidation occurs at a photoanode and water or CO2 reduction at a cathode or photocathode initiated by molecular-level light absorption. Light absorption is followed by electron or hole injection, catalyst activation, and catalytic water oxidation or water/CO2 reduction. The DSPEC is of recent origin but significant progress has been made. It has the potential to play an important role in our energy future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Robert J Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Melissa K Gish
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Christopher J Dares
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Dennis L Ashford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ralph L House
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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20
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Silicon Compound Decorated Photoanode for Performance Enhanced Visible Light Driven Water Splitting. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Light-scattering photoanodes from double-layered mesoporous TiO 2 nanoparticles/SiO 2 nanospheres for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Kamire RJ, Majewski MB, Hoffeditz WL, Phelan BT, Farha OK, Hupp JT, Wasielewski MR. Photodriven hydrogen evolution by molecular catalysts using Al 2O 3-protected perylene-3,4-dicarboximide on NiO electrodes. Chem Sci 2016; 8:541-549. [PMID: 28616134 PMCID: PMC5458681 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02477g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodriven charge transfer dynamics are described for an atomic layer deposition-stabilized, organic dye-sensitized photocathode architecture that produces hydrogen.
The design of efficient hydrogen-evolving photocathodes for dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) requires the incorporation of molecular light absorbing chromophores that are capable of delivering reducing equivalents to molecular proton reduction catalysts at rates exceeding those of charge recombination events. Here, we report the functionalization and kinetic analysis of a nanostructured NiO electrode with a modified perylene-3,4-dicarboximide chromophore (PMI) that is stabilized against degradation by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of thick insulating Al2O3 layers. Following photoinduced charge injection into NiO in high yield, films with Al2O3 layers demonstrate longer charge separated lifetimes as characterized via femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical techniques. The photoelectrochemical behavior of the electrodes in the presence of Co(ii) and Ni(ii) molecular proton reduction catalysts is examined, revealing reduction of both catalysts. Under prolonged irradiation, evolved H2 is directly observed by gas chromatography supporting the applicability of PMI embedded in Al2O3 as a photocathode architecture in DSPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Kamire
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Marek B Majewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - William L Hoffeditz
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
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23
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Xu L, Luo YP, Sun L, Xu Y, Cai ZS, Fang M, Yuan RX, Du HB. Highly Stable Mesoporous Zirconium Porphyrinic Frameworks with Distinct Flexibility. Chemistry 2016; 22:6268-76. [PMID: 26960623 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The construction of highly stable metal-porphyrinic frameworks (MPFs) is appealing as these materials offer great opportunities for applications in artificial light-harvesting systems, gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis, etc. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel mesoporous metal-porphyrinic framework (denoted as NUPF-1) and its catalytic properties. NUPF-1 is constructed from a new porphyrin linker and a Zr6 O8 structural building unit, possessing an unprecedented doubly interpenetrating scu net. The structure exhibits not only remarkable chemical and thermal stabilities, but also a distinct structural flexibility, which is seldom seen in metal-organic framework (MOF) materials. By the merit of high chemical stability, NUPF-1 could be easily post-metallized with [Ru3 (CO)12 ], and the resulting {NUPF-1-RuCO} is catalytically active as a heterogeneous catalyst for intermolecular C(sp(3) )-H amination. Excellent yields and good recyclability for amination of small substrates with various organic azides have been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Luo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Min Fang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Rong-Xin Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
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24
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Mazloum-Ardakani M, Khoshroo A, Taghavinia N, Hosseinzadeh L. Surface passivation of titanium dioxide via an electropolymerization method to improve the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25406j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce an electrochemical method for insulating and passivation open areas of a nanoporous TiO2 in dye-sensitized solar cells, which can effectively decrease the recombination rate of electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Khoshroo
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Yazd University
- Yazd
- I. R. Iran
| | - Nima Taghavinia
- Physics Department
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran 14588
- Islamic Republic of Iran
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25
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Wooh S, Kim TY, Song D, Lee YG, Lee TK, Bergmann VW, Weber SAL, Bisquert J, Kang YS, Char K. Surface Modification of TiO2 Photoanodes with Fluorinated Self-Assembled Monolayers for Highly Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:25741-25747. [PMID: 26506252 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dye aggregation and electron recombination in TiO2 photoanodes are the two major phenomena lowering the energy conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Herein, we introduce a novel surface modification strategy of TiO2 photoanodes by the fluorinated self-assembled monolayer (F-SAM) formation with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFTS), blocking the vacant sites of the TiO2 surface after dye adsorption. The F-SAM helps to efficiently lower the surface tension, resulting in efficient repelling ions, e.g., I3(-), in the electrolyte to decrease the electron recombination rate, and the role of F-SAM is characterized in detail by impedance spectroscopy using a diffusion-recombination model. In addition, the dye aggregates on the TiO2 surface are relaxed by the F-SAM with large conformational perturbation (i.e., helix structure) seemingly because of steric hindrance developed during the SAM formation. Such multifunctional effects suppress the electron recombination as well as the intermolecular interactions of dye aggregates without the loss of adsorbed dyes, enhancing both the photocurrent density (11.9 → 13.5 mA cm(-2)) and open-circuit voltage (0.67 → 0.72 V). Moreover, the combined surface modification with the F-SAM and the classical coadsorbent further improves the photovoltaic performance in DSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tea-Yon Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Donghoon Song
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | | | - Tae Kyung Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
| | - Victor W Bergmann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan A L Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University , 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain
| | - Yong Soo Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering and Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
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26
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Ashford DL, Gish MK, Vannucci AK, Brennaman MK, Templeton JL, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Molecular Chromophore–Catalyst Assemblies for Solar Fuel Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13006-49. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis L. Ashford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Melissa K. Gish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph L. Templeton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John M. Papanikolas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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27
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Pal TK, Neogi S, Bharadwaj PK. Versatile Tailoring of Paddle‐Wheel Zn
II
Metal–Organic Frameworks through Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformations. Chemistry 2015; 21:16083-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K. Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, 208016 (India)
| | - Subhadip Neogi
- Inorganic Materials & Catalysis Division, Central Salt and Marine, Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR), Bhavnagar‐364002, Gujarat (India)
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28
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Katz MJ, DeVries Vermeer MJ, Farha OK, Pellin MJ, Hupp JT. Dynamics of Back Electron Transfer in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Featuring 4-tert-Butyl-Pyridine and Atomic-Layer-Deposited Alumina as Surface Modifiers. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7162-9. [PMID: 25127076 DOI: 10.1021/jp506083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) was constructed with TiO2 nanoparticles and N719 dye. The standard I3(-)/I(-) redox shuttle and the Co(1,10-phenanthroline)3(3+/2+) shuttle were employed. DSCs were modified with atomic-layered-deposited (ALD) coatings of Al2O3 and/or with the surface-adsorbing additive 4-tert-butyl-pyridine. Current-voltage data were collected to ascertain the influence of each modification upon the back electron transfer (ET) dynamics of the DSCs. The primary effect of the additives alone or in tandem is to increase the open-circuit voltage. A second is to alter the short-circuit current density, JSC. With dependence on the specifics of the system examined, any of a myriad of dynamics-related effects were observed to come into play, in both favorable (efficiency boosting) and unfavorable (efficiency damaging) ways. These effects include modulation of (a) charge-injection yields, (b) rates of interception of injected electrons by redox shuttles, and (c) rates of recombination of injected electrons with holes on surface-bound dyes. In turn, these influence charge-collection lengths, charge-collection yields, and onset potentials for undesired dark current. The microscopic origins of the effects appear to be related mainly to changes in driving force and/or electronic coupling for underlying component redox reactions. Perhaps surprisingly, only a minor role for modifier-induced shifts in conduction-band-edge energy was found. The combination of DSC-efficiency-relevant effects engendered by the modifiers was found to vary substantially as a function of the chemical identity of the redox shuttle employed. While types of modifiers are effective, a challenge going forward will be to construct systems in ways in which the benefits of organic and inorganic modifiers can be exploited in fully additive, or even synergistic, fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Katz
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J. DeVries Vermeer
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Materials Science
Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael J. Pellin
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Materials Science
Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Materials Science
Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemical Sciences
and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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29
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Zhao K, Pan Z, Mora-Seró I, Cánovas E, Wang H, Song Y, Gong X, Wang J, Bonn M, Bisquert J, Zhong X. Boosting power conversion efficiencies of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells beyond 8% by recombination control. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5602-9. [PMID: 25860792 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) still exhibit moderate power conversion efficiency (with record efficiency of 6-7%), limited primarily by charge recombination. Therefore, suppressing recombination processes is a mandatory requirement to boost the performance of QDSCs. Herein, we demonstrate the ability of a novel sequential inorganic ZnS/SiO2 double layer treatment onto the QD-sensitized photoanode for strongly inhibiting interfacial recombination processes in QDSCs while providing improved cell stability. Theoretical modeling and impedance spectroscopy reveal that the combined ZnS/SiO2 treatment reduces interfacial recombination and increases charge collection efficiency when compared with conventional ZnS treatment alone. In line with those results, subpicosecond THz spectroscopy demonstrates that while QD to TiO2 electron-transfer rates and yields are insensitive to inorganic photoanode overcoating, back recombination at the oxide surface is strongly suppressed by subsequent inorganic treatments. By exploiting this approach, CdSe(x)Te(1-x) QDSCs exhibit a certified record efficiency of 8.21% (8.55% for a champion cell), an improvement of 20% over the previous record high efficiency of 6.8%, together with an additional beneficial effect of improved cell stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhao
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenxiao Pan
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- ‡Photovoltaic, Optoelectronic Devices Group, Department de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- ¶Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai Wang
- ¶Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,∥Graduate School Material Science in Mainz, University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ya Song
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xueqing Gong
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jin Wang
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mischa Bonn
- ¶Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Juan Bisquert
- ‡Photovoltaic, Optoelectronic Devices Group, Department de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain.,§Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- †Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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30
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Son HJ, Kim CH, Kim DW, Jeong NC, Prasittichai C, Luo L, Wu J, Farha OK, Wasielewski MR, Hupp JT. Post-assembly atomic layer deposition of ultrathin metal-oxide coatings enhances the performance of an organic dye-sensitized solar cell by suppressing dye aggregation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5150-5159. [PMID: 25695408 DOI: 10.1021/am507405b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Dye aggregation and concomitant reduction of dye excited-state lifetimes and electron-injection yields constitute a significant mechanism for diminution of light-to-electrical energy conversion efficiencies in many dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). For TiO2-based DSCs prepared with an archetypal donor-acceptor organic dye, (E)-2-cyano-3-(5'-(5''-(p-(diphenylamino)phenyl)-thiophen-2''-yl)thiophen-2'-yl)acrylic acid (OrgD), we find, in part via ultrafast spectroscopy measurements, that postdye-adsorption atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ultrathin layers of either TiO2 or Al2O3 effectively reverses residual aggregation. Notably, the ALD treatment is significantly more effective than the widely used aggregation-inhibiting coadsorbent, chenodeoxycholic acid. Primarily because of reversal of OrgD aggregation, and resulting improved injection yields, ALD post-treatment engenders a 30+% increase in overall energy conversion efficiency. A secondary contributor to increased currents and efficiencies is an ALD-induced attenuation of the rate of interception of injected electrons, resulting in slightly more efficient charge collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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31
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Yun J, Hwang SH, Jang J. Fabrication of Au@Ag core/shell nanoparticles decorated TiO2 hollow structure for efficient light-harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2055-2063. [PMID: 25562329 DOI: 10.1021/am508065n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Improving the light-harvesting properties of photoanodes is promising way to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We synthesized Au@Ag core/shell nanoparticles decorated TiO2 hollow nanoparticles (Au@Ag/TiO2 HNPs) via sol-gel reaction and chemical deposition. The Au@Ag/TiO2 HNPs exhibited multifunctions from Au@Ag core/shell NPs (Au@Ag CSNPs) and TiO2 hollow nanoparticles (TiO2 HNPs). These Au@Ag CSNPs exhibited strong and broadened localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), together with a large specific surface area of 129 m(2) g(-1), light scattering effect, and facile oxidation-reduction reaction of electrolyte from TiO2 HNPs, which resulted in enhancement of the light harvesting. The optimum PCE of η = 9.7% was achieved for the DSSCs using photoanode materials based on TiO2 HNPs containing Au@Ag/TiO2 HNPs (0.2 wt % Au@Ag CSNPs with respect to TiO2 HNPs), which outperformed by 24% enhancement that of conventional photoanodes formed using P25 (η = 7.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Yun
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University , 599 Gwanangno, Gwanakgu,, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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32
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Mazloum-Ardakani M, Khoshroo A. Enhanced performance of dye-sensitized solar cells with dual-function coadsorbent: reducing the surface concentration of dye–iodine complexes concomitant with attenuated charge recombination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22985-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03428k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a dual-function coadsorbent in DSCs, that play a beneficial role in the recombination and iodine binds to the N719 dye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alireza Khoshroo
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Yazd University
- Yazd
- Islamic Republic of Iran
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33
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Lee YG, Song D, Jung JH, Wooh S, Park S, Cho W, Wei W, Char K, Kang YS. TiO2 surface engineering with multifunctional oligomeric polystyrene coadsorbent for dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12889g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric, hydrophobic coadsorbents based on polystyrene (Mn = 2400) terminated by a carboxylic acid exhibit dual functions in dye-sensitized solar cells: passivation of the TiO2 surface, and promotion of the strongly-anchored N719 dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Gun Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- Korea
| | - Donghoon Song
- Department of Energy Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- Korea
| | - June Hyuk Jung
- Department of Energy Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Wooh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-744
- Korea
| | - Suil Park
- Department of Energy Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- Korea
| | - Woohyung Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- Korea
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Energy Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-744
- Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kang
- Department of Energy Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 133-791
- Korea
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34
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Zhu C, Liang JX. Theoretical insight into a novel zinc di-corrole dye with excellent photoelectronic properties for solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj02374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new zinc di-corrole dye has been designed by substitution of Ga with Zn in a Ga di-corrole dye. Its optical and electronic properties were studied by extensive DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guizhou University
- Guizhou 550025
- China
| | - Jin-Xia Liang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science
- Guizhou Normal College
- Guiyang
- China
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35
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Song D, An H, Lee JH, Lee J, Choi H, Park IS, Kim JM, Kang YS. Densely packed siloxane barrier for blocking electron recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:12422-12428. [PMID: 25010551 DOI: 10.1021/am502327w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A challenge in developing photovoltaic devices is to minimize the loss of electrons, which can seriously deteriorate energy conversion efficiency. In particular, minimizing this negative process in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is imperative. Herein, we use three different kinds of siloxanes, which are adsorbable to titania surfaces and polymerizable in forming a surface passivation layer, to reduce the electron loss. The siloxanes used are tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS or compound A), 1-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)-3-(3-triethoxysilyl) propyl) urea (compound B), and N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-N'[3-(3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium) propyl] urea iodide (compound C). Titania surface passivation by either compound B or C was comparatively more effective in increasing the electron lifetime than TEOS. In the case of small-sized TEOS combined with either large-sized compound B or C, a thinner and denser passivation layer was presumably developed, thus increasing electron lifetime further. Intriguingly, device AB shows the longest electron lifetime, whereas device AC has the highest energy conversion efficiency among these experimental conditions. These results suggest that, in this special case, the electron lifetime may not be a dominant parameter in determining the energy conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Song
- Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Department of Energy Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791, Korea
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36
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Chandiran AK, Yella A, Mayer MT, Gao P, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M. Sub-nanometer conformal TiO₂ blocking layer for high efficiency solid-state perovskite absorber solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4309-4312. [PMID: 24804647 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201306271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Kumar Chandiran
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Station 6, CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Xu P, Tang Q, He B, Li Q, Chen H. Transmission booster from SiO2 incorporated TiO2 crystallites: Enhanced conversion efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Rombouts JA, Ravensbergen J, Frese RN, Kennis JTM, Ehlers AW, Slootweg JC, Ruijter E, Lammertsma K, Orru RVA. Synthesis and Photophysics of a Red-Light Absorbing Supramolecular Chromophore System. Chemistry 2014; 20:10285-91. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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Sun W, Peng T, Liu Y, Yu W, Zhang K, Mehnane HF, Bu C, Guo S, Zhao XZ. Layer-by-layer self-assembly of TiO2 hierarchical nanosheets with exposed {001} facets as an effective bifunctional layer for dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:9144-9. [PMID: 24881671 DOI: 10.1021/am501233q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer self-assembled TiO2 hierarchical nanosheets with exposed {001} facets have been successfully fabricated via a simple one-step solvothermal reaction. The anatase TiO2 layer-by-layer hierarchical nanosheets (TiO2 LHNs) exhibit favorable light scattering effect and large surface area, owing to their layer-by-layer hierarchical structure. When applied to the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), the layer-by-layer hierarchical structure with exposed {001} facet could effectively enhance light harvesting and dye adsorption, followed by increasing the photocurrent of DSSCs. As a result, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of 7.70% has been achieved for the DSSCs using TiO2 LHNs as the bifunctional layer, indicating 21% improvement compared to the pure Degussa P25 (6.37%) as photoanode. Such enhancement can be mainly ascribed to the better light scattering capability of TiO2 LHNs, higher dye adsorption on TiO2 LHN {001} facets, and longer lifetime of the injected electrons in TiO2 LHNs compared to P25, which are examined by UV-vis spectrophotometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under the same conditions. These remarkable properties of TiO2 LHNs make it a promising candidate as a bifunctional scattering material for DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sun
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structure of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China
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40
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Dong C, Xiang W, Huang F, Fu D, Huang W, Bach U, Cheng YB, Li X, Spiccia L. Controlling Interfacial Recombination in Aqueous Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Octadecyltrichlorosilane Surface Treatment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Dong C, Xiang W, Huang F, Fu D, Huang W, Bach U, Cheng YB, Li X, Spiccia L. Controlling interfacial recombination in aqueous dye-sensitized solar cells by octadecyltrichlorosilane surface treatment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:6933-7. [PMID: 24861499 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A general and convenient strategy is proposed for enhancing photovoltaic performance of aqueous dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) through the surface modification of titania using an organic alkyl silane. Introduction of octadecyltrichlorosilane on the surface of dyed titania photoanode as an organic barrier layer leads to the efficient suppression of electron recombination with oxidized cobalt species by restricting access of the cobalt redox couple to the titania surface. The champion ODTS-treated aqueous DSCs (0.25 mM ODTS in hexane for 5 min) exhibit a V(oc) of 821±4 mV and J(sc) of 10.17±0.21 mA cm(-2), yielding a record PCE of 5.64±0.10%. This surface treatment thus serves as a promising post-dye strategy for improving the photovoltaic performance of other aqueous DSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunku Dong
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Department of Chemistry and State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001 (China)
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42
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Yuan S, Tang Q, He B, Men L, Chen H. Transmission enhanced photoanodes for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Chandiran AK, Abdi-Jalebi M, Nazeeruddin MK, Grätzel M. Analysis of electron transfer properties of ZnO and TiO2 photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2261-8. [PMID: 24552648 DOI: 10.1021/nn405535j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticle films are used as photoanodes for high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). In spite of excellent photovoltaic power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) displayed by titanium dioxide nanoparticle structures, the transport rate of electrons is known to be low due to low electron mobility. So the alternate oxides, including ZnO, that possesses high electron mobility are being investigated as potential candidates for photoanodes. However, the PCE with ZnO is still lower than with TiO2, and this is typically attributed to the low internal surface area. In this work, we attempt to make a one-to-one comparison of the photovoltaic performance and the electron transfer dynamics involved in DSCs, with ZnO and TiO2 as photoanodes. Previously such comparative investigations were hampered due to the morphological differences (internal surface area, pore diameter, porosity) that exist between zinc oxide and titanium dioxide films. We circumvent this issue by depositing different thicknesses of these oxides, by atomic layer deposition (ALD), on an arbitrary mesoporous insulating template and subsequently using them as photoanodes. Our results reveal that at an optimal thickness ZnO exhibits photovoltaic performances similar to TiO2, but the internal electron transfer properties differ. The higher photogenerated electron transport rate contributed to the performances of ZnO, but in the case of TiO2, it is the low recombination rate, higher dye loading, and fast electron injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Kumar Chandiran
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) , Station 6, Lausanne, CH 1015, Switzerland
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44
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Lan X, Masala S, Sargent EH. Charge-extraction strategies for colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics. NATURE MATERIALS 2014; 13:233-40. [PMID: 24553652 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The solar-power conversion efficiencies of colloidal quantum dot solar cells have advanced from sub-1% reported in 2005 to a record value of 8.5% in 2013. Much focus has deservedly been placed on densifying, passivating and crosslinking the colloidal quantum dot solid. Here we review progress in improving charge extraction, achieved by engineering the composition and structure of the electrode materials that contact the colloidal quantum dot film. New classes of structured electrodes have been developed and integrated to form bulk heterojunction devices that enhance photocharge extraction. Control over band offsets, doping and interfacial trap state densities have been essential for achieving improved electrical communication with colloidal quantum dot solids. Quantum junction devices that not only tune the optical absorption spectrum, but also provide inherently matched bands across the interface between p- and n-materials, have proven that charge separation can occur efficiently across an all-quantum-tuned rectifying junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzheng Lan
- 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada [2] School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230009, China
| | - Silvia Masala
- 1] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada [2] Solar and Photovoltaic Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 4700 Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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45
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Dong Z, Ren H, Hessel CM, Wang J, Yu R, Jin Q, Yang M, Hu Z, Chen Y, Tang Z, Zhao H, Wang D. Quintuple-shelled SnO(2) hollow microspheres with superior light scattering for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:905-9. [PMID: 24510664 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Quintuple-shelled SnO2 hollow microspheres are prepared by a hard-template method. DSSCs constructed with SnO2 multi-shell photoanodes show a record photoconversion efficiency of 7.18% due to enhanced light scattering. SnO2 hollow microspheres that are utilized as a scattering layer on top of P25 films increase the DSSC photoconversion efficiency from 7.29% to 9.53%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1, Beiertiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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46
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Zheng X, Yu D, Xiong FQ, Li M, Yang Z, Zhu J, Zhang WH, Li C. Controlled growth of semiconductor nanofilms within TiO2 nanotubes for nanofilm sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4364-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49853k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Fang G, Ma J. Rapid atomic layer deposition of silica nanolaminates: synergistic catalysis of Lewis/Brønsted acid sites and interfacial interactions. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:11856-11869. [PMID: 24126605 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapid atomic layer deposition (RALD) has been applied to prepare various nanolaminates with repeated multilayer structures. The possible reaction pathways for RALD of the Al2O3/SiO2 nanolaminate using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and tris(tert-butoxy)silanol (TBS) are investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The introduction of a Lewis-acid catalyst, TMA, can result in the formation of the catalytic site, which accelerates the propagation of the siloxane polymer. The rate-determining step of whole RALD is the elimination of isobutene of the tert-butoxy groups. The Brønsted acid site of [AlO4] can catalyze the elimination of isobutene. At the same time, the interfacial interactions, such as hydrogen bonding interactions between tert-butoxy groups and the surface, further catalyze the elimination of isobutene and accelerate SiO2 RALD reactions. The synergistic catalysis of Lewis/Brønsted acid sites and interfacial interactions may be applied in the RALD fabrication of other silica nanolaminates, such as HfO2/SiO2, ZrO2/SiO2, and TiO2/SiO2, in microelectronics, catalysis, energy storage, and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Fang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
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48
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Prasittichai C, Avila JR, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Systematic Modulation of Quantum (Electron) Tunneling Behavior by Atomic Layer Deposition on Nanoparticulate SnO2 and TiO2 Photoanodes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:16328-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4089555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaiya Prasittichai
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jason R. Avila
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department
of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER)
Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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49
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Hanson K, Losego MD, Kalanyan B, Parsons GN, Meyer TJ. Stabilizing small molecules on metal oxide surfaces using atomic layer deposition. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:4802-9. [PMID: 23978281 DOI: 10.1021/nl402416s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Device lifetimes and commercial viability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPECs) are dependent on the stability of the surface bound molecular chromophores and catalysts. Maintaining the integrity of the solution-metal oxide interface is especially challenging in DSPECs for water oxidation where it is necessary to perform high numbers of turnovers, under irradiation in an aqueous environment. In this study, we describe the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiO2 on nanocrystalline TiO2 prefunctionalized with the dye molecule [Ru(bpy)2(4,4'-(PO3H2)bpy)](2+) (RuP) as a strategy to stabilize surface bound molecules. The resulting films are over an order of magnitude more photostable than untreated films and the desorption rate constant exponentially decreases with increased thickness of ALD TiO2 overlayers. However, the injection yield for TiO2-RuP with ALD TiO2 also decreases with increasing overlayer thickness. The combination of decreased injection yield and 95% quenched emission suggests that the ALD TiO2 overlayer acts as a competitive electron acceptor from RuP*, effectively nonproductively quenching the excited state. The ALD TiO2 also increases back electron transfer rates, relative to the untreated film, but is independent of overlayer thickness. The results for TiO2-RuP with an ALD TiO2 overlayer are compared with similar films having ALD Al2O3 overlayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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50
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Son HJ, Prasittichai C, Mondloch JE, Luo L, Wu J, Kim DW, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Dye Stabilization and Enhanced Photoelectrode Wettability in Water-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells through Post-assembly Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO2. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11529-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja406538a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
United States
| | - Chaiya Prasittichai
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
United States
| | - Joseph E. Mondloch
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
United States
| | - Langli Luo
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering, NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Department
of Materials Science
and Engineering, NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
United States
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208,
United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois
60439, United States
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