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Rossetto D, Cvjetan N, Walde P, Mansy SS. Protocellular Heme and Iron-Sulfur Clusters. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2293-2302. [PMID: 39099316 PMCID: PMC11339926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusCentral to the quest of understanding the emergence of life is to uncover the role of metals, particularly iron, in shaping prebiotic chemistry. Iron, as the most abundant of the accessible transition metals on the prebiotic Earth, played a pivotal role in early biochemical processes and continues to be indispensable to modern biology. Here, we discuss our recent contributions to probing the plausibility of prebiotic complexes with iron, including heme and iron-sulfur clusters, in mediating chemistry beneficial to a protocell. Laboratory experiments and spectroscopic findings suggest plausible pathways, often facilitated by UV light, for the synthesis of heme and iron-sulfur clusters. Once formed, heme displays catalytic, peroxidase-like activity when complexed with amphiphiles. This activity could have been beneficial in two ways. First, heme could have catalytically removed a molecule (H2O2) that could have had degradative effects on a protocell. Second, heme could have helped in the synthesis of the building blocks of life by coupling the reduction of H2O2 with the oxidation of organic substrates. The necessity of amphiphiles to avoid the formation of inactive complexes of heme is telling, as the modern-day electron transport chain possesses heme embedded within a lipid membrane. Conversely, prebiotic iron-sulfur peptides have yet to be reported to partition into lipid membranes, nor have simple iron-sulfur peptides been found to be capable of participating in the synthesis of organic molecules. Instead, iron-sulfur peptides span a wide range of reduction potentials complementary to the reduction potentials of hemes. The reduction potential of iron-sulfur peptides can be tuned by the type of iron-sulfur cluster formed, e.g., [2Fe-2S] versus [4Fe-4S], or by the substitution of ligands to the metal center. Since iron-sulfur clusters easily form upon stochastic encounters between iron ions, hydrosulfide, and small organic molecules possessing a thiolate, including peptides, the likelihood of soluble iron-sulfur clusters seems to be high. What remains challenging to determine is if iron-sulfur peptides participated in early prebiotic chemistry or were recruited later when protocellular membranes evolved that were compatible with the exploitation of electron transfer for the storage of energy as a proton gradient. This problem mirrors in some ways the difficulty in deciphering the origins of metabolism as a whole. Chemistry that resembles some facets of extant metabolism must have transpired on the prebiotic Earth, but there are few clues as to how and when such chemistry was harnessed to support a (proto)cell. Ultimately, unraveling the roles of hemes and iron-sulfur clusters in prebiotic chemistry promises to deepen our understanding of the origins of life on Earth and aids the search for life elsewhere in the universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rossetto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 2G2, Canada
- D-CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Nemanja Cvjetan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 2G2, Canada
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sheref S. Mansy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 2G2, Canada
- D-CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento 38123, Italy
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2
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Mons C, Salameh M, Botzanowski T, Clémancey M, Dorlet P, Vallières C, Erb S, Vernis L, Guittet O, Lepoivre M, Huang ME, Cianferani S, Latour JM, Blondin G, Golinelli-Cohen MP. Regulations of mitoNEET by the key redox homeostasis molecule glutathione. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 255:112535. [PMID: 38527404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Human mitoNEET (mNT) and CISD2 are two NEET proteins characterized by an atypical [2Fe-2S] cluster coordination involving three cysteines and one histidine. They act as redox switches with an active state linked to the oxidation of their cluster. In the present study, we show that reduced glutathione but also free thiol-containing molecules such as β-mercaptoethanol can induce a loss of the mNT cluster under aerobic conditions, while CISD2 cluster appears more resistant. This disassembly occurs through a radical-based mechanism as previously observed with the bacterial SoxR. Interestingly, adding cysteine prevents glutathione-induced cluster loss. At low pH, glutathione can bind mNT in the vicinity of the cluster. These results suggest a potential new regulation mechanism of mNT activity by glutathione, an essential actor of the intracellular redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Mons
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Myriam Salameh
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Thomas Botzanowski
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg 67000, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pierre Dorlet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France; CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, BIP, IMM, Marseille cedex 09 13402, France
| | - Cindy Vallières
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Stéphane Erb
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg 67000, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Laurence Vernis
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Olivier Guittet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Michel Lepoivre
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France
| | - Sarah Cianferani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg 67000, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Geneviève Blondin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM), Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Golinelli-Cohen
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex 91198, France.
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3
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Hu X, Pan K, Zhao M, Lv J, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Song Y, Gudmundson AT, Edden RA, Ren F, Zhang T, Gao F. Brain extended and closed forms glutathione levels decrease with age and extended glutathione is associated with visuospatial memory. Neuroimage 2024; 293:120632. [PMID: 38701994 PMCID: PMC11315812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
During aging, the brain is subject to greater oxidative stress (OS), which is thought to play a critical role in cognitive impairment. Glutathione (GSH), as a major antioxidant in the brain, can be used to combat OS. However, how brain GSH levels vary with age and their associations with cognitive function is unclear. In this study, we combined point-resolved spectroscopy and edited spectroscopy sequences to investigate extended and closed forms GSH levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and occipital cortex (OC) of 276 healthy participants (extended form, 166 females, age range 20-70 years) and 15 healthy participants (closed form, 7 females, age range 26-56 years), and examined their relationships with age and cognitive function. The results revealed decreased extended form GSH levels with age in the PCC among 276 participants. Notably, the timecourse of extended form GSH level changes in the PCC and ACC differed between males and females. Additionally, positive correlations were observed between extended form GSH levels in the PCC and OC and visuospatial memory. Additionally, a decreased trend of closed form GSH levels with age was also observed in the PCC among 15 participants. Taken together, these findings enhance our understanding of the brain both closed and extended form GSH time course during normal aging and associations with sex and memory, which is an essential first step for understanding the neurochemical underpinnings of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Keyu Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Jiali Lv
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron T. Gudmundson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A.E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fuxin Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jing-wu Road No. 324, Jinan 250021, China
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4
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Rossetto D, Sebastianelli L, Oberegger S, Todorovic S, Haas H, Mansy SS. Peptide Mimics of the Cysteine-Rich Regions of HapX and SreA Bind a [2Fe-2S] Cluster In Vitro. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300545. [PMID: 38574244 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
HapX and SreA are transcription factors that regulate the response of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus to the availability of iron. During iron starvation, HapX represses genes involved in iron consuming pathways and upon a shift to iron excess, HapX activates these same genes. SreA blocks the expression of genes needed for iron uptake during periods of iron availability. Both proteins possess cysteine-rich regions (CRR) that are hypothesized to be necessary for the sensing of iron levels. However, the contribution of each of these domains to the function of the protein has remained unclear. Here, the ability of peptide analogs of each CRR is determined to bind an iron-sulfur cluster in vitro. UV-vis and resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopies reveal that each CRR is capable of coordinating a [2Fe-2S] cluster with comparable affinities. The iron-sulfur cluster coordinated to the CRR-B domain of HapX displays particularly high stability. The data are consistent with HapX and SreA mediating responses to cellular iron levels through the direct coordination of [2Fe-2S] clusters. The high stability of the CRR-B peptide may also find use as a starting point for the development of new green catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rossetto
- D-CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sebastianelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Simon Oberegger
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Hubertus Haas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Sheref S Mansy
- D-CIBIO, University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, Trento, 38123, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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5
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Mandal PK, Maroon JC, Samkaria A, Arora Y, Sharma S, Pandey A. Iron Chelators and Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Trials. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:S243-S249. [PMID: 39031369 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder impacting millions of people with cognitive impairment and affecting activities of daily living. The deposition of neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) are the main pathological characteristics of AD. However, the actual causal process of AD is not yet identified. Oxidative stress occurs prior to amyloid Aβ plaque formation and tau phosphorylation in AD. The role of master antioxidant, glutathione, and metal ions (e.g., iron) in AD are the frontline area of AD research. Iron overload in specific brain regions in AD is associated with the rate of cognitive decline. We have presented the outcome from various interventional trials involving iron chelators intended to minimize the iron overload in AD. To date, however, no significant positive outcomes have been reported using iron chelators in AD and warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne School of Medicine Campus, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph C Maroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Avantika Samkaria
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
- Department of Forensic Science, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Yashika Arora
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
| | - Shallu Sharma
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
- School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology, Bennett University, Greater Noida, UP, India
| | - Ashutosh Pandey
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy (NINS) Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
- Department of Medicine, NEIGRIHMS, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
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6
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Shepherd RE, Kreinbrink AC, Njimoh CL, Vali SW, Lindahl PA. Yeast Mitochondria Import Aqueous Fe II and, When Activated for Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly, Export or Release Low-Molecular-Mass Iron and Also Export Iron That Incorporates into Cytosolic Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37339084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly occurs in both mitochondria and cytosol. Mitochondria are thought to export a low-molecular-mass (LMM) iron and/or sulfur species which is used as a substrate for cytosolic ISC assembly. This species, called X-S or (Fe-S)int, has not been directly detected. Here, an assay was developed in which mitochondria were isolated from 57Fe-enriched cells and incubated in various buffers. Thereafter, mitochondria were separated from the supernatant, and both fractions were investigated by ICP-MS-detected size exclusion liquid chromatography. Aqueous 54FeII in the buffer declined upon exposure to intact 57Fe-enriched mitochondria. Some 54Fe was probably surface-absorbed but some was incorporated into mitochondrial iron-containing proteins when mitochondria were activated for ISC biosynthesis. When activated, mitochondria exported/released two LMM nonproteinaceous iron complexes. One species, which comigrated with an Fe-ATP complex, developed faster than the other Fe species, which also comigrated with phosphorus. Both were enriched in 54Fe and 57Fe, suggesting that the added 54Fe entered a pre-existing pool of 57Fe, which was also the source of the exported species. When 54Fe-loaded 57Fe-enriched mitochondria were mixed with isolated cytosol and activated, multiple cytosolic proteins became enriched with Fe. No incorporation was observed when 54Fe was added directly to the cytosol in the absence of mitochondria. This suggests that a different Fe source in mitochondria, the one enriched mainly with 57Fe, was used to export a species that was ultimately incorporated into cytosolic proteins. Iron from buffer was imported into mitochondria fastest, followed by mitochondrial ISC assembly, LMM iron export, and cytosolic ISC assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Shepherd
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Alexia C Kreinbrink
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas 77843, United States
| | - Cybele Lemuh Njimoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shaik Waseem Vali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas 77843, United States
| | - Paul A Lindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas 77843, United States
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7
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Mandal PK, Guha Roy R, Kalyani A. Distribution Pattern of Closed and Extended Forms of Glutathione in the Human Brain: MR Spectroscopic Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:270-276. [PMID: 36595311 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a potent antioxidant synthesized de novo in cells and helps to detoxify free radicals in the brain and other organs. In vitro NMR studies from various research groups have reported primarily two sets of chemical shifts (2.80 or 2.96 ppm) of Cys-βCH2 depending on GSH sample preparation in either inert or oxygenated environments. A multi-center in vivo MRS human study has also validated the presence of two types of GSH conformer in the human brain. Our study is aimed at investigating the distribution patterns of the two GSH conformers from five brain regions, namely, ACC (anterior cingulate cortex), PCC (posterior cingulate cortex), LPC (left parietal cortex), LH (left hippocampus), and CER (cerebellum). GSH was measured using a 3T MRI scanner using MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence in healthy young male and female populations (M/F = 5/9; age 32.8 ± 5.27 years). We conclude that the closed GSH conformer (characteristic NMR shift signature: Cys Hα 4.40-Hβ 2.80 ppm) is more abundant than the extended GSH form (characteristic NMR shift signature Cys Hα 4.56-Hβ 2.95 ppm). Closed conformer has a non-uniform distribution (ACC < CER < LH < PCC < LPC) in the healthy brain. On the contrary, the extended form of GSH has a uniform distribution in various anatomical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), National Brain Research Center, Gurgaon, Haryana 122051, India.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Rimil Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), National Brain Research Center, Gurgaon, Haryana 122051, India
| | - Avinash Kalyani
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), National Brain Research Center, Gurgaon, Haryana 122051, India
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8
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Mandal PK, Goel A, Bush AI, Punjabi K, Joon S, Mishra R, Tripathi M, Garg A, Kumar NK, Sharma P, Shukla D, Ayton SJ, Fazlollahi A, Maroon JC, Dwivedi D, Samkaria A, Sandal K, Megha K, Shandilya S. Hippocampal glutathione depletion with enhanced iron level in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease compared with healthy elderly participants. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac215. [PMID: 36072647 PMCID: PMC9445173 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease, and it is potentially driven by the depletion of primary antioxidant, glutathione, as well as elevation of the pro-oxidant, iron. Present study evaluates glutathione level by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, iron deposition by quantitative susceptibility mapping in left hippocampus, as well as the neuropsychological scores of healthy old participants (N = 25), mild cognitive impairment (N = 16) and Alzheimer’s disease patients (N = 31). Glutathione was found to be significantly depleted in mild cognitive impaired (P < 0.05) and Alzheimer’s disease patients (P < 0.001) as compared with healthy old participants. A significant higher level of iron was observed in left hippocampus region for Alzheimer’s disease patients as compared with healthy old (P < 0.05) and mild cognitive impairment (P < 0.05). Multivariate receiver-operating curve analysis for combined glutathione and iron in left hippocampus region provided diagnostic accuracy of 82.1%, with 81.8% sensitivity and 82.4% specificity for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease patients from healthy old participants. We conclude that tandem glutathione and iron provides novel avenue to investigate further research in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat K Mandal
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Anshika Goel
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , Melbourne , Australia
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- The University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Khushboo Punjabi
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
| | - Shallu Joon
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
| | - Ritwick Mishra
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
| | | | - Arun Garg
- Institute of Neurosciences, Medanta—The Medicity , Gurgaon, Haryana , India
| | - Natasha K Kumar
- Institute of Neurosciences, Medanta—The Medicity , Gurgaon, Haryana , India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Medanta Institute of Education and Research , Gurgaon, Haryana , India
| | - Deepika Shukla
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
| | - Scott Jonathan Ayton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , Melbourne , Australia
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre , Melbourne , Australia
- The University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Amir Fazlollahi
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Joseph C Maroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , USA
| | - Divya Dwivedi
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
| | - Avantika Samkaria
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
| | - Kanika Sandal
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
| | - Kanu Megha
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
| | - Sandhya Shandilya
- National Brain Research Center, NeuroImaging and NeuroSpectroscopy Laboratory (NINS) , Gurgaon , India
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9
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Li P, Hendricks AL, Wang Y, Villones RLE, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Meloni G, Cowan JA, Wang K, Gourdon P. Structures of Atm1 provide insight into [2Fe-2S] cluster export from mitochondria. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4339. [PMID: 35896548 PMCID: PMC9329353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, iron-sulfur clusters are essential cofactors for numerous physiological processes, but these clusters are primarily biosynthesized in mitochondria. Previous studies suggest mitochondrial ABCB7-type exporters are involved in maturation of cytosolic iron-sulfur proteins. However, the molecular mechanism for how the ABCB7-type exporters participate in this process remains elusive. Here, we report a series of cryo-electron microscopy structures of a eukaryotic homolog of human ABCB7, CtAtm1, determined at average resolutions ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 Å, complemented by functional characterization and molecular docking in silico. We propose that CtAtm1 accepts delivery from glutathione-complexed iron-sulfur clusters. A partially occluded state links cargo-binding to residues at the mitochondrial matrix interface that line a positively charged cavity, while the binding region becomes internalized and is partially divided in an early occluded state. Collectively, our findings substantially increase the understanding of the transport mechanism of eukaryotic ABCB7-type proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amber L Hendricks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Rhiza Lyne E Villones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | | | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kaituo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Maersk Tower 7-9, Nørre Allé 14, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Maersk Tower 7-9, Nørre Allé 14, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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10
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Bonet-Aleta J, Encinas-Gimenez M, Urriolabeitia E, Martin-Duque P, Hueso JL, Santamaria J. Unveiling the interplay between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic mechanisms in copper-iron nanoparticles working under chemically relevant tumour conditions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8307-8320. [PMID: 35919722 PMCID: PMC9297535 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01379g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work sheds light on a generally overlooked issue in the emerging field of bio-orthogonal catalysis within tumour microenvironments (TMEs): the interplay between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes. In most cases, previous works dealing with nanoparticle-based catalysis in the TME focus on the effects obtained (e.g. tumour cell death) and attribute the results to heterogeneous processes alone. The specific mechanisms are rarely substantiated and, furthermore, the possibility of a significant contribution of homogeneous processes by leached species - and the complexes that they may form with biomolecules - is neither contemplated nor pursued. Herein, we have designed a bimetallic catalyst nanoparticle containing Cu and Fe species and we have been able to describe the whole picture in a more complex scenario where both homogeneous and heterogeneous processes are coupled and fostered under TME relevant chemical conditions. We investigate the preferential leaching of Cu ions in the presence of a TME overexpressed biomolecule such as glutathione (GSH). We demonstrate that these homogeneous processes initiated by the released by Cu-GSH interactions are in fact responsible for the greater part of the cell death effects found (GSH, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, is depleted and highly active superoxide anions are generated in the same catalytic cycle). The remaining solid CuFe nanoparticle becomes an active catalyst to supply oxygen from oxygen reduced species, such as superoxide anions (by-product from GSH oxidation) and hydrogen peroxide, another species that is enriched in the TME. This activity is essential to sustain the homogeneous catalytic cycle in the oxygen-deprived tumour microenvironment. The combined heterogeneous-homogeneous mechanisms revealed themselves as highly efficient in selectively killing cancer cells, due to their higher GSH levels compared to healthy cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bonet-Aleta
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029 Madrid Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Miguel Encinas-Gimenez
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029 Madrid Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Esteban Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, ISQCH (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza) 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Pilar Martin-Duque
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029 Madrid Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS) Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Fundación Araid Av. de Ranillas 1-D 50018 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jose L Hueso
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029 Madrid Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Jesus Santamaria
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029 Madrid Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3 50018 Zaragoza Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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11
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Valer L, Rossetto D, Parkkila T, Sebastianelli L, Guella G, Hendricks AL, Cowan JA, Sang L, Mansy SS. Histidine Ligated Iron-Sulfur Peptides. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200202. [PMID: 35674331 PMCID: PMC9400863 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are thought to be ancient cofactors that could have played a role in early protometabolic systems. Thus far, redox active, prebiotically plausible iron-sulfur clusters have always contained cysteine ligands to the cluster. However, extant iron-sulfur proteins can be found to exploit other modes of binding, including ligation by histidine residues, as seen with [2Fe-2S] Rieske and MitoNEET proteins. Here, we investigated the ability of cysteine- and histidine-containing peptides to coordinate a mononuclear Fe2+ center and a [2Fe-2S] cluster and compare their properties with purified iron-sulfur proteins. The iron-sulfur peptides were characterized by UV-vis, circular dichroism, and paramagnetic NMR spectroscopies and cyclic voltammetry. Small (≤6 amino acids) peptides can coordinate [2Fe-2S] clusters through a combination of cysteine and histidine residues with similar reduction potentials as their corresponding proteins. Such complexes may have been important for early cell-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valer
- D-CIBIOUniversity of Trentovia Sommarive 938123Trento 28123Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan DriveEdmontonT6G 2G2AlbertaCanada
| | - Daniele Rossetto
- D-CIBIOUniversity of Trentovia Sommarive 938123Trento 28123Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan DriveEdmontonT6G 2G2AlbertaCanada
| | - Taylor Parkkila
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan DriveEdmontonT6G 2G2AlbertaCanada
| | - Lorenzo Sebastianelli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan DriveEdmontonT6G 2G2AlbertaCanada
| | - Graziano Guella
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of TrentoVia Sommarive 14Trento38123Italy
| | - Amber L. Hendricks
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100 West 18th AveColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - James A. Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryThe Ohio State University100 West 18th AveColumbusOH 43210USA
| | - Lingzi Sang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan DriveEdmontonT6G 2G2AlbertaCanada
| | - Sheref S. Mansy
- D-CIBIOUniversity of Trentovia Sommarive 938123Trento 28123Italy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alberta11227 Saskatchewan DriveEdmontonT6G 2G2AlbertaCanada
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12
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Sági-Kazár M, Solymosi K, Solti Á. Iron in leaves: chemical forms, signalling, and in-cell distribution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1717-1734. [PMID: 35104334 PMCID: PMC9486929 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential transition metal. Based on its redox-active nature under biological conditions, various Fe compounds serve as cofactors in redox enzymes. In plants, the photosynthetic machinery has the highest demand for Fe. In consequence, the delivery and incorporation of Fe into cofactors of the photosynthetic apparatus is the focus of Fe metabolism in leaves. Disturbance of foliar Fe homeostasis leads to impaired biosynthesis of chlorophylls and composition of the photosynthetic machinery. Nevertheless, mitochondrial function also has a significant demand for Fe. The proper incorporation of Fe into proteins and cofactors as well as a balanced intracellular Fe status in leaf cells require the ability to sense Fe, but may also rely on indirect signals that report on the physiological processes connected to Fe homeostasis. Although multiple pieces of information have been gained on Fe signalling in roots, the regulation of Fe status in leaves has not yet been clarified in detail. In this review, we give an overview on current knowledge of foliar Fe homeostasis, from the chemical forms to the allocation and sensing of Fe in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Sági-Kazár
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Katalin Solymosi
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Solti
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
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13
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Valer L, Rossetto D, Scintilla S, Hu YJ, Tomar A, Nader S, Betinol IO, Mansy S. Methods to identify and characterize iron-sulfur oligopeptides in water. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are ubiquitous cofactors that mediate central biological processes. However, despite their long history, these metallocofactors remain challenging to investigate when coordinated to small (≤ six amino acids) oligopeptides in aqueous solution. In addition to being often unstable in vitro, iron-sulfur clusters can be found in a wide variety of forms with varied characteristics, which makes it difficult to easily discern what is in solution. This difficulty is compounded by the dynamics of iron-sulfur peptides, which frequently coordinate multiple types of clusters simultaneously. To aid investigations of such complex samples, a summary of data from multiple techniques used to characterize both iron-sulfur proteins and peptides is provided. Although not all spectroscopic techniques are equally insightful, it is possible to use several, readily available methods to gain insight into the complex composition of aqueous solutions of iron-sulfur peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Valer
- University of Trento, 19034, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy
| | | | | | - Yin Juan Hu
- University of Alberta, 3158, Chemistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anju Tomar
- University of Trento, 19034, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy
| | - Serge Nader
- University of Alberta, 3158, Chemistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Sheref Mansy
- University of Alberta, 3158, Chemistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Dong Y, Zhang S, Zhao L. Unraveling the Structural Development of
Peptide‐Coordinated Iron‐Sulfur
Clusters: Prebiotic Evolution and Biosynthetic Strategies. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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15
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Spectroscopic and functional characterization of the [2Fe-2S] scaffold protein Nfu from Synechocystis PCC6803. Biochimie 2022; 192:51-62. [PMID: 34582998 PMCID: PMC8724361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are ubiquitous cofactors required for various essential metabolic processes. Conservation of proteins required for their biosynthesis and trafficking allows for simple bacteria to be used as models to aid in exploring these complex pathways in higher organisms. Cyanobacteria are among the most investigated organisms for these processes, as they are unicellular and can survive under photoautotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. Herein, we report the potential role of Synechocystis PCC6803 NifU (now named SyNfu) as the principal scaffold protein required for iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis in that organism. SyNfu is a well-folded protein with distinct secondary structural elements, as evidenced by circular dichroism and a well-dispersed pattern of 1H-15N HSQC NMR peaks, and readily reconstitutes as a [2Fe-2S] dimeric protein complex. Cluster exchange experiments show that glutathione can extract the cluster from holo-SyNfu, but the transfer is unidirectional. We also confirm the ability of SyNfu to transfer cluster to both human ferredoxin 1 and ferredoxin 2, while also demonstrating the capacity to deliver cluster to both monothiol glutaredoxin 3 and dithiol glutaredoxin 2. This evidence supports the hypothesis that SyNfu indeed serves as the main scaffold protein in Synechocystis, as it has been shown to be the only protein required for viability in the absence of photoautotrophic conditions. Similar to other NFU-type cluster donors and other scaffold and carrier proteins, such as ISCU, SyNfu is shown by DSC to be structurally less stable than regular protein donors, while retaining a relatively well-defined tertiary structure as represented by 1H-15N HSQC NMR experiments.
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16
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Liu M, Mo H, Gao Q, Yuan L. The pH dependence of emulsifying properties for glutathione disulfide at oil-water interfaces. Biophys Chem 2021; 282:106748. [PMID: 34959125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although peptides were widely used in many fields, their interface behaviors as surfactants have not been explored. The results of the surface tension experiments by an automatic surface tension meter indicate that the stability and emulsifying ability of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) under alkaline conditions were stronger than those under acidic conditions. With encoding the different oxygen and nitrogen atoms in GSSG, as well as the different hydrogen atoms bonded with oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The pH Dependence of the number of hydrogen bonds, affected by the protonation and deprotonation of the functional groups in GSSG, is calculated by LAMMPS software. The results demonstrate that GSSG forms twice as many hydrogen bonds under alkaline conditions as under acidic conditions, resulting in a better surface-interface activity in alkaline conditions. The interface properties of the GSSG surfactant can be regulated by pH. Therefore, GSSG is a potential pH-responsive surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Hong Mo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Ling Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, PR China.
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17
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Abstract
Building iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters and assembling Fe-S proteins are essential actions for life on Earth. The three processes that sustain life, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and respiration, require Fe-S proteins. Genes coding for Fe-S proteins can be found in nearly every sequenced genome. Fe-S proteins have a wide variety of functions, and therefore, defective assembly of Fe-S proteins results in cell death or global metabolic defects. Compared to alternative essential cellular processes, there is less known about Fe-S cluster synthesis and Fe-S protein maturation. Moreover, new factors involved in Fe-S protein assembly continue to be discovered. These facts highlight the growing need to develop a deeper biological understanding of Fe-S cluster synthesis, holo-protein maturation, and Fe-S cluster repair. Here, we outline bacterial strategies used to assemble Fe-S proteins and the genetic regulation of these processes. We focus on recent and relevant findings and discuss future directions, including the proposal of using Fe-S protein assembly as an antipathogen target.
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18
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Spontaneous assembly of redox-active iron-sulfur clusters at low concentrations of cysteine. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5925. [PMID: 34635654 PMCID: PMC8505563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (FeS) proteins are ancient and fundamental to life, being involved in electron transfer and CO2 fixation. FeS clusters have structures similar to the unit-cell of FeS minerals such as greigite, found in hydrothermal systems linked with the origin of life. However, the prebiotic pathway from mineral surfaces to biological clusters is unknown. Here we show that FeS clusters form spontaneously through interactions of inorganic Fe2+/Fe3+ and S2- with micromolar concentrations of the amino acid cysteine in water at alkaline pH. Bicarbonate ions stabilize the clusters and even promote cluster formation alone at concentrations >10 mM, probably through salting-out effects. We demonstrate robust, concentration-dependent formation of [4Fe4S], [2Fe2S] and mononuclear iron clusters using UV-Vis spectroscopy, 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy and 1H-NMR. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the clusters are redox-active. Our findings reveal that the structures responsible for biological electron transfer and CO2 reduction could have formed spontaneously from monomers at the origin of life.
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19
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Pearson SA, Wachnowsky C, Cowan JA. Defining the mechanism of the mitochondrial Atm1p [2Fe-2S] cluster exporter. Metallomics 2021; 12:902-915. [PMID: 32337520 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur cluster proteins play key roles in a multitude of physiological processes; including gene expression, nitrogen and oxygen sensing, electron transfer, and DNA repair. Biosynthesis of iron-sulfur clusters occurs in mitochondria on iron-sulfur cluster scaffold proteins in the form of [2Fe-2S] cores that are then transferred to apo targets within metabolic or respiratory pathways. The mechanism by which cytosolic Fe-S cluster proteins mature to their holo forms remains controversial. The mitochondrial inner membrane protein Atm1p can transport glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters, which may connect the mitochondrial and cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly systems. Herein we describe experiments on the yeast Atm1p/ABCB7 exporter that provide additional support for a glutathione-complexed cluster as the natural physiological substrate and a reflection of the endosymbiotic model of mitochondrial evolution. These studies provide insight on the mechanism of cluster transport and the molecular basis of human disease conditions related to ABCB7. Recruitment of MgATP following cluster binding promotes a structural transition from closed to open conformations that is mediated by coupling helices, with MgATP hydrolysis facilitating the return to the closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Pearson
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210.
| | - Christine Wachnowsky
- The Ohio State University Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210
| | - J A Cowan
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210. and The Ohio State University Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210 and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, USA43210
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20
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Betinol IO, Nader S, Mansy SS. Spectral decomposition of iron-sulfur clusters. Anal Biochem 2021; 629:114269. [PMID: 34089700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The near universal availability of UV-Visible spectrophotometers makes this instrument a highly exploited tool for the inexpensive, rapid examination of iron-sulfur clusters. Yet, the analysis of iron-sulfur cluster reconstitution experiments by UV-Vis spectroscopy is notoriously difficult due to the presence of broad, ill-defined peaks. Other types of spectroscopies, such as electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy, are superior in characterizing the type of cluster present and their associated electronic transitions but require expensive, less readily available equipment. Here, we describe a tool that utilizes the accessible and convenient platform of Microsoft Excel to allow for the semi-quantitative analysis of iron-sulfur clusters by UV-Vis spectroscopy. This tool, which we call Fit-FeS, could potentially be used to additionally decompose spectra of solutions containing chromophores other than iron-sulfur clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah O Betinol
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Serge Nader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Sheref S Mansy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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21
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Pearson SA, Cowan JA. Glutathione-coordinated metal complexes as substrates for cellular transporters. Metallomics 2021; 13:mfab015. [PMID: 33770183 PMCID: PMC8086996 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione is the major thiol-containing species in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and plays a wide variety of roles, including detoxification of metals by sequestration, reduction, and efflux. ABC transporters such as MRP1 and MRP2 detoxify the cell from certain metals by exporting the cations as a metal-glutathione complex. The ability of the bacterial Atm1 protein to efflux metal-glutathione complexes appears to have evolved over time to become the ABCB7 transporter in mammals, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. No longer needed for the role of cellular detoxification, ABCB7 appears to be used to transport glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters from mitochondria to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Pearson
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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22
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Feng Y, Prokosch V, Liu H. Current Perspective of Hydrogen Sulfide as a Novel Gaseous Modulator of Oxidative Stress in Glaucoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050671. [PMID: 33925849 PMCID: PMC8146617 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of diseases characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main clinical manifestation of glaucoma. Despite being in the focus of the studies for decades, the characteristic and the exact pathology of neurodegeneration in glaucoma remains unclear. Oxidative stress is believed to be one of the main risk factors in neurodegeneration, especially its damage to the retinal ganglion cells. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the recently recognized gas signaling molecule, plays a pivotal role in the nervous system, vascular system, and immune system. It has also shown properties in regulating oxidative stress through different pathways in vivo. In this review, we summarize the distribution and the properties of H2S within the eye with an emphasis on its role in modulating oxidative stress in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanhan Liu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-221-478-96996
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23
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Hydrogen Sulfide: Novel Endogenous and Exogenous Modulator of Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092411. [PMID: 33919146 PMCID: PMC8122398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) damage can cause significant injury to cells, which is related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. This pathological process is considered to be the first step to trigger the death of outer retinal neurons, which is related to the pathology of retinal degenerative diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently received widespread attention as a physiological signal molecule and gas neuromodulator and plays an important role in regulating OS in eyes. In this article, we reviewed the OS responses and regulatory mechanisms of H2S and its donors as endogenous and exogenous regulators in retinal degenerative diseases. Understanding the relevant mechanisms will help to identify the therapeutic potential of H2S in retinal degenerative diseases.
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24
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Moosmann B, Schindeldecker M, Hajieva P. Cysteine, glutathione and a new genetic code: biochemical adaptations of the primordial cells that spread into open water and survived biospheric oxygenation. Biol Chem 2021; 401:213-231. [PMID: 31318686 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Life most likely developed under hyperthermic and anaerobic conditions in close vicinity to a stable geochemical source of energy. Epitomizing this conception, the first cells may have arisen in submarine hydrothermal vents in the middle of a gradient established by the hot and alkaline hydrothermal fluid and the cooler and more acidic water of the ocean. To enable their escape from this energy-providing gradient layer, the early cells must have overcome a whole series of obstacles. Beyond the loss of their energy source, the early cells had to adapt to a loss of external iron-sulfur catalysis as well as to a formidable temperature drop. The developed solutions to these two problems seem to have followed the principle of maximum parsimony: Cysteine was introduced into the genetic code to anchor iron-sulfur clusters, and fatty acid unsaturation was installed to maintain lipid bilayer viscosity. Unfortunately, both solutions turned out to be detrimental when the biosphere became more oxidizing after the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. To render cysteine thiol groups and fatty acid unsaturation compatible with life under oxygen, numerous counter-adaptations were required including the advent of glutathione and the addition of the four latest amino acids (methionine, tyrosine, tryptophan, selenocysteine) to the genetic code. In view of the continued diversification of derived antioxidant mechanisms, it appears that modern life still struggles with the initially developed strategies to escape from its hydrothermal birthplace. Only archaea may have found a more durable solution by entirely exchanging their lipid bilayer components and rigorously restricting cysteine usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Moosmann
- Evolutionary Biochemistry and Redox Medicine, Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Evolutionary Biochemistry and Redox Medicine, Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Parvana Hajieva
- Cellular Adaptation Group, Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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25
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Manceau A, Nagy KL, Glatzel P, Bourdineaud JP. Acute Toxicity of Divalent Mercury to Bacteria Explained by the Formation of Dicysteinate and Tetracysteinate Complexes Bound to Proteins in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3612-3623. [PMID: 33629845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are the most abundant organisms on Earth and also the major life form affected by mercury (Hg) poisoning in aquatic and terrestrial food webs. In this study, we applied high energy-resolution X-ray absorption near edge structure (HR-XANES) spectroscopy to bacteria with intracellular concentrations of Hg as low as 0.7 ng/mg (ppm) for identifying the intracellular molecular forms and trafficking pathways of Hg in bacteria at environmentally relevant concentrations. Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram-negative Escherichia coli were exposed to three Hg species: HgCl2, Hg-dicysteinate (Hg(Cys)2), and Hg-dithioglycolate (Hg(TGA)2). In all cases, Hg was transformed into new two- and four-coordinate cysteinate complexes, interpreted to be bound, respectively, to the consensus metal-binding CXXC motif and zinc finger domains of proteins, with glutathione acting as a transfer ligand. Replacement of zinc cofactors essential to gene regulatory proteins with Hg would inhibit vital functions such as DNA transcription and repair and is suggested to be a main cause of Hg genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Manceau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ISTerre, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble, France
| | - Kathryn L Nagy
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, MC-186, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5234, 2 rue Escarpit, 33607 Pessac, France
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26
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Bonfio C. The curious case of peptide-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters: prebiotic and biomimetic insights. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:801-807. [PMID: 33351009 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03947k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are among the most ancient biological cofactors and are thought to have had an ancient role in mediating the chemical reactions that led to life. Two different, yet complementary approaches, based on bioinorganic chemistry and prebiotic chemistry, have already provided important clues for the formation and activity of biomimetic iron-sulfur analogues in aqueous solution. This frontier article discusses the efforts spent in the last 50 years in the context of peptide-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters, with a particular emphasis on insightful contributions from recent prebiotic chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Bonfio
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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27
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Pearson SA, Cowan JA. Evolution of the human mitochondrial ABCB7 [2Fe-2S](GS) 4 cluster exporter and the molecular mechanism of an E433K disease-causing mutation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108661. [PMID: 33157103 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur cluster proteins play key roles in a multitude of cellular processes. Iron-sulfur cofactors are assembled primarily in mitochondria and are then exported to the cytosol by use of an ABCB7 transporter. It has been shown that the yeast mitochondrial transporter Atm1 can export glutathione-coordinated iron-sulfur clusters, [2Fe-2S](SG)4, providing a source of cluster units for cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly systems. This pathway is consistent with the endosymbiotic model of mitochondrial evolution where homologous bacterial heavy metal transporters, utilizing metal glutathione adducts, were adapted for use in eukaryotic mitochondria. Herein, the basis for endosymbiotic evolution of the human cluster export protein (ABCB7) is developed through a BLAST analysis of transporters from ancient proteobacteria. In addition, a functional comparison of native human protein, versus a disease-causing mutant, demonstrates a key role for residue E433 in promoting cluster transport. Dysfunction in mitochondrial export of Fe-S clusters is a likely cause of the disease condition X-linked sideroblastic anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Pearson
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12thAvenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - J A Cowan
- The Ohio State University Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12thAvenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States. https://chemistry.osu.edu/people/cowan.2
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28
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Liu H, Perumal N, Manicam C, Mercieca K, Prokosch V. Proteomics Reveals the Potential Protective Mechanism of Hydrogen Sulfide on Retinal Ganglion Cells in an Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Animal Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13090213. [PMID: 32867129 PMCID: PMC7557839 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a potent neurotransmitter and has been proven to protect RGCs against glaucomatous injury in vitro and in vivo. This study is to provide an overall insight of H2S’s role in glaucoma pathophysiology. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) by elevating intraocular pressure to 55 mmHg for 60 min. Six of the animals received intravitreal injection of H2S precursor prior to the procedure and the retina was harvested 24 h later. Contralateral eyes were assigned as control. RGCs were quantified and compared within the groups. Retinal proteins were analyzed via label-free mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics approach. The pathways of the differentially expressed proteins were identified by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). H2S significantly improved RGC survival against I/R in vivo (p < 0.001). In total 1115 proteins were identified, 18 key proteins were significantly differentially expressed due to I/R and restored by H2S. Another 11 proteins were differentially expressed following H2S. IPA revealed a significant H2S-mediated activation of pathways related to mitochondrial function, iron homeostasis and vasodilation. This study provides first evidence of the complex role that H2S plays in protecting RGC against I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Liu
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (H.L.); (N.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Natarajan Perumal
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (H.L.); (N.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Caroline Manicam
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (H.L.); (N.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Karl Mercieca
- Royal Eye Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WH, UK;
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-1703862250
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29
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Gao Z, Carames-Mendez P, Xia D, Pask CM, McGowan PC, Bingham PA, Scrimshire A, Tronci G, Thornton PD. The facile and additive-free synthesis of a cell-friendly iron(iii)-glutathione complex. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10574-10579. [PMID: 32691805 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02331k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The straightfoward creation of an unreported glutathione-stabilised iron(iii) complex is disclosed. In contrast to previous reports, glutathione was shown to coordinate and stabilise iron directly under physiological conditions in the absence of additional sulfur containing molecules, such as sodium sulfide. The complex was extensively characterised; the molecular geometry was determined as two inequivalent octahedra, approximately 2/3 of which are slightly distorted towards more tetrahedral in character, with the remaining 1/3 more regularly octahedral. The dispersion of the iron(iii)-glutathione complex in aqueous solution yielded particles of 255 ± 4 nm in diameter that enhanced the growth and proliferation of L929 fibroblast cells over 7 days, and inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-13. Consequently, the unprecedented glutathione-stabilised iron(iii) complex disclosed has potential use as a simple-to-prepare growth factor for inclusion within cell culture media, and is an excellent candidate as a therapeutic for the treatment of metalloproteinase-13-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Gao
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. and Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK.
| | | | - Dong Xia
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | | | | | - Paul A Bingham
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alex Scrimshire
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield, UK
| | - Giuseppe Tronci
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, School of Dentistry, St. James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, UK. and Clothworkers' Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, School of Design, University of Leeds, UK
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30
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Sen S, Hendricks AL, Cowan JA. Cluster exchange reactivity of [2Fe-2S]-bridged heterodimeric BOLA1-GLRX5. FEBS J 2020; 288:920-929. [PMID: 32542995 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial BOLA1 is known to form a [2Fe-2S] cluster-bridged heterodimeric complex with mitochondrial monothiol glutaredoxin GLRX5; however, the function of this heterodimeric complex is unclear. Some reports suggest redundant roles for BOLA1 and a related protein, BOLA3, with both involved in the maturation of [4Fe-4S] clusters in a subset of mitochondrial proteins. However, a later report on the structure of BOLA1-GLRX5 heterodimeric complex demonstrated a buried cluster environment and predicted a redox role instead of the cluster trafficking role suggested for the BOLA3-GLRX5 heterodimeric complex. Herein, we describe a detailed kinetic study of relative cluster exchange reactivity involving heterodimeric complex of BOLA1 with GLRX5. By the use of CD spectroscopy, it is demonstrated that [2Fe-2S]-bridged BOLA1-GLRX5 can be readily formed by cluster uptake from donors such as ISCU or [2Fe-2S](GS)4 complex, but not from ISCA1 or ISCA2. Rapid holo-formation following delivery from [2Fe-2S](GS)4 supports possible physiological relevance in the cellular labile iron pool. Holo [2Fe-2S] BOLA1-GLRX5 heterodimeric complex is incapable of donating cluster to apo protein acceptors, providing experimental support for a nontrafficking role. Finally, we report the formation and reactivity of the holo [2Fe-2S]-bridged BOLA1 homodimer (lacking a partner GLRX). While the holo-heterodimer is thermodynamically more stable, by contrast the holo BOLA1 homodimer does demonstrate facile cluster exchange reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambuddha Sen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amber L Hendricks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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31
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Sian-Hulsmann J, Riederer P. The role of alpha-synuclein as ferrireductase in neurodegeneration associated with Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:749-754. [PMID: 32318880 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding of the protein α-synuclein contributes to the formation of the intracellular inclusion, Lewy bodies. Although these structures are not exclusive to Parkinson's disease, nevertheless, their presence in the substantia nigra is mandatory for the pathological diagnosis of the disorder. Therefore, there must be a focus on the pathological mechanisms responsible for Lewy body generation. Recent studies have suggested that α-synuclein has the potential to operate as the enzyme ferrireductase. Perhaps in the early diseased state, overexpression or mutation of alpha-synuclein/ferrireductase invokes the dyshomeostasis of iron (III)/(II) only, while in advanced stages, accumulation of iron in particular areas of the brain follows. Furthermore, the loss of an important iron chelator, neuromelanin (due to dopaminergic neuronal death), may then result in the release and increase in unbound free iron. Iron could generate reactive oxygen species, which could instigate a torrent of cellular deleterious processes. In addition, loss of energy supply may contribute to the alteration in activity of enzymes involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and would, therefore, confer a vulnerability to the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Therefore, the ferrireductase alpha-synuclein may hold the key for major pathology of Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, we hypothesize that environmentally or genetically overexpressed and/or mutated α-synuclein/ferrireductase causes iron dyshomeostasis without increase of free iron concentration in the early phases of PD, while increased iron concentration accompanied by iron dyshomeostasis is a marker for progressed PD stages. It is essential to elucidate these degenerative mechanisms, so as to provide effective therapeutic treatment to halt or delay the progression of the illness already in the early phase of PD. The development of iron chelators seems to be a reasonable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Riederer
- University Hospital Wuerzburg, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Margarete-Hoeppel-Platz 1, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.,University of Southern Denmark Odense, J.B. Winslows Vey 18, 5000, Odense, Denmark
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32
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Michaličková D, Šíma M, Slanař O. New insights in the mechanisms of impaired redox signaling and its interplay with inflammation and immunity in multiple sclerosis. Physiol Res 2020; 69:1-19. [PMID: 31852206 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to demyelination and axonal damage and resulting in a range of physical, mental or even psychiatric symptoms. Key role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of MS has been suggested, as indicated by the biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples, tissue homogenates, and animal models of multiple sclerosis. OS causes demyelination and neurodegeneration directly, by oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA but also indirectly, by inducing a dysregulation of the immunity and favoring the state of pro-inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the interrelated mechanisms of the impaired redox signaling, of which the most important are inflammation-induced production of free radicals by activated immune cells and growth factors, release of iron from myelin sheath during demyelination and mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent energy failure and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Review also provides an overview of the interplay between inflammation, immunity and OS in MS. Finally, this review also points out new potential targets in MS regarding attenuation of OS and inflammatory response in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Michaličková
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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33
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Li N, Shang Y, Xu R, Jiang Q, Liu J, Wang L, Cheng Z, Ding B. Precise Organization of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoclusters into Arbitrary Patterns on DNA Origami. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17968-17972. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingxu Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Qiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianbing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhihai Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 BeiYiTiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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34
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Szilagyi RK, Hanscam R, Shepard EM, McGlynn SE. Natural selection based on coordination chemistry: computational assessment of [4Fe-4S]-maquettes with non-coded amino acids. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20190071. [PMID: 31641437 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2019.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine is the only coded amino acid in biology that contains a thiol functional group. Deprotonated thiolate is essential for anchoring iron-sulfur ([Fe-S]) clusters, as prosthetic groups to the protein matrix. [Fe-S] metalloproteins and metalloenzymes are involved in biological electron transfer, radical chemistry, small molecule activation and signalling. These are key metabolic and regulatory processes that would likely have been present in the earliest organisms. In the context of emergence of life theories, the selection and evolution of the cysteine-specific R-CH2-SH side chain is a fascinating question to confront. We undertook a computational [4Fe-4S]-maquette modelling approach to evaluate how side chain length can influence [Fe-S] cluster binding and stability in short 7-mer and long 16-mer peptides, which contained either thioglycine, cysteine or homocysteine. Force field-based molecular dynamics simulations for [4Fe-4S] cluster nest formation were supplemented with density functional theory calculations of a ligand-exchange reaction between a preassembled cluster and the peptide. Secondary structure analysis revealed that peptides with cysteine are found with greater frequency nested to bind preformed [4Fe-4S] clusters. Additionally, the presence of the single methylene group in cysteine ligands mitigates the steric bulk, maintains the H-bonding and dipole network, and provides covalent Fe-S(thiolate) bonds that together create the optimal electronic and geometric structural conditions for [4Fe-4S] cluster binding compared to thioglycine or homocysteine ligands. Our theoretical work forms an experimentally testable hypothesis of the natural selection of cysteine through coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Szilagyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Rebecca Hanscam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Eric M Shepard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Shawn E McGlynn
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.,Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98154, USA.,Biofunctional Catalyst Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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35
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Wachnowsky C, Rao B, Sen S, Fries B, Howard CJ, Ottesen JJ, Cowan JA. Reconstitution, characterization, and [2Fe-2S] cluster exchange reactivity of a holo human BOLA3 homodimer. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:1035-1045. [PMID: 31486956 PMCID: PMC6812618 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new class of mitochondrial disease has been identified and characterized as Multiple Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Syndrome (MMDS). Four different forms of the disease have each been attributed to point mutations in proteins involved in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) biosynthesis; in particular, MMDS2 has been associated with the protein BOLA3. To date, this protein has been characterized in vitro concerning its ability to form heterodimeric complexes with two putative Fe-S cluster-binding partners: GLRX5 and NFU. However, BOLA3 has yet to be characterized in its own discrete holo form. Herein we describe procedures to isolate and characterize the human holo BOLA3 protein in terms of Fe-S cluster binding and trafficking and demonstrate that human BOLA3 can form a functional homodimer capable of engaging in Fe-S cluster transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Brian Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Sambuddha Sen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Brian Fries
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cecil J Howard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Jennifer J Ottesen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
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36
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Radical S-adenosylmethionine maquette chemistry: Cx3Cx2C peptide coordinated redox active [4Fe–4S] clusters. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:793-807. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Wachnowsky C, Hendricks AL, Wesley NA, Ferguson C, Fidai I, Cowan JA. Understanding the Mechanism of [4Fe-4S] Cluster Assembly on Eukaryotic Mitochondrial and Cytosolic Aconitase. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13686-13695. [PMID: 31436962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are common prosthetic groups that are found within a variety of proteins responsible for functions that include electron transfer, regulation of gene expression, and substrate binding and activation. Acquisition of a [4Fe-4S] cluster is essential for the functionality of many such roles, and dysfunctions in Fe-S cluster synthesis and trafficking often result in human disease, such as multiple mitochondrial dysfunctions syndrome. While the topic of [2Fe-2S] cluster biosynthesis and trafficking has been relatively well studied, the understanding of such processes involving [4Fe-4S] centers is less developed. Herein, we focus on the mechanism of the assembly of [4Fe-4S] clusters on two members of the aconitase family, differing also in organelle placement (mitochondrion and cytosol) and biochemical function. Two mechanistic models are evaluated by a combination of kinetic and spectroscopic models, namely, a consecutive model (I), in which two [2Fe-2S] clusters are sequentially delivered to the target, and a prereaction equilibrium model (II), in which a [4Fe-4S] cluster transiently forms on a donor protein before transfer to the target. The paper also addresses the issue of cluster nuclearity for functionally active forms of ISCU, NFU, and ISCA trafficking proteins, each of which has been postulated to exist in both [2Fe-2S] and [4Fe-4S] bound states. By the application of kinetic assays and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine delivery pathways from a variety of potential [2Fe-2S] donor proteins to eukaryotic forms of both aconitase and iron regulatory protein, we conclude that a consecutive model following the delivery of [2Fe-2S] clusters from NFU1 is the most likely mechanism for these target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program , The Ohio State University , 484 West 12th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Amber L Hendricks
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Nathaniel A Wesley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Connor Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Insiya Fidai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States.,The Biophysics Graduate Program , The Ohio State University , 484 West 12th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program , The Ohio State University , 484 West 12th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States.,The Biophysics Graduate Program , The Ohio State University , 484 West 12th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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38
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Sen S, Rao B, Wachnowsky C, Cowan JA. Cluster exchange reactivity of [2Fe-2S] cluster-bridged complexes of BOLA3 with monothiol glutaredoxins. Metallomics 2019; 10:1282-1290. [PMID: 30137089 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The [2Fe-2S] cluster-bridged complex of BOLA3 with GLRX5 has been implicated in cluster trafficking, but cluster exchange involving this heterocomplex has not been reported. Herein we describe an investigation of the cluster exchange reactivity of holo BOLA3-GLRX complexes using two different monothiol glutaredoxins, H.s. GLRX5 and S.c. Grx3, which share significant identity. We observe that a 1 : 1 mixture of apo BOLA3 and glutaredoxin protein is able to accept a cluster from donors such as ISCU and a [2Fe-2S](GS)4 complex, with preferential formation of the cluster-bridged heterodimer over the plausible holo homodimeric glutaredoxin. Holo BOLA3-GLRX5 transfers clusters to apo acceptors at rates comparable to other Fe-S cluster trafficking proteins. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments with apo proteins demonstrated a strong binding of BOLA3 with both GLRX5 and Grx3, while binding with an alternative mitochondrial partner, NFU1, was weak. Cluster exchange and calorimetry experiments resulted in a very similar behavior for yeast Grx3 (cytosolic) and human GLRX5 (mitochondrial), indicating conservation across the monothiol glutaredoxin family for interactions with BOLA3 and supporting a functional role for the BOLA3-GLRX5 heterocomplex relative to the previously proposed BOLA3-NFU1 interaction. The results also demonstrate rapid formation of the heterocomplexed holo cluster via delivery from a glutathione-complexed cluster, again indicative of the physiological relevance of the [2Fe-2S](GS)4 complex in the cellular labile iron pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambuddha Sen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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St-Pierre A, Blondeau D, Boivin M, Beaupré V, Boucher N, Desgagné-Penix I. Study of antioxidant properties of thylakoids and application in UV protection and repair of UV-induced damage. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1980-1991. [PMID: 30933421 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin is affected by environmental stress such as ultraviolet exposure. Topically applied antioxidants confer protection against this stress. Spinach thylakoid extracts are plant samples known as photosynthetic membranes containing antioxidant molecules able to dissipate excess of energy and oxidative stress. METHODS Antioxidant contents and activities were tested in thylakoid extracts stored for different periods at 4°C to compare their efficacities. Cytotoxicity of thylakoids was tested on human THP-1 cells along with the capacity to protect from oxidative stress using flow cytometry. Protection of thylakoids against ultraviolet was tested on engineered human skin using two formulations and evaluated by electronic microscopy. RESULTS Results indicate that thylakoid extracts possess antioxidant molecules that were not significantly affected by storage at 4°C whereas photosynthetic activity was storage-dependent. Thylakoid extracts were not cytotoxic to human THP-1 cells, and three extracts protected cells against reactive oxygen species. Moreover, formulation comprising 0.1% or 0.01% of thylakoids and sunscreen provided a synergetic protection against UV exposure. Thylakoid extracts mixed with a neutral cream were also able to repair UV damages on engineered human skin. CONCLUSIONS Thylakoid extracts contained various antioxidant molecules, and their properties were maintained in over storage at 4°C for more than 72 months. Molecules and enzymes present in thylakoid extracts are involved in protecting and restoring the harmful effects of UV exposure. The involvement of antioxidant molecules such as carotenoids, SOD, and Fe-S clusters in cellular and regulatory metabolic reactions may explain the observed protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle St-Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Dorian Blondeau
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Michelle Boivin
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Vickie Beaupré
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Plant Biology Research Group, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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40
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Ciofi-Baffoni S, Nasta V, Banci L. Protein networks in the maturation of human iron-sulfur proteins. Metallomics 2019; 10:49-72. [PMID: 29219157 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins in humans is a multistage process occurring in different cellular compartments. The mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly machinery composed of at least 17 proteins assembles mitochondrial Fe-S proteins. A cytosolic iron-sulfur assembly (CIA) machinery composed of at least 13 proteins has been more recently identified and shown to be responsible for the Fe-S cluster incorporation into cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins. Cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S protein maturation requires not only the CIA machinery, but also the components of the mitochondrial ISC assembly machinery. An ISC export machinery, composed of a protein transporter located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, has been proposed to act in mediating the export process of a still unknown component that is required for the CIA machinery. Several functional and molecular aspects of the protein networks operative in the three machineries are still largely obscure. This Review focuses on the Fe-S protein maturation processes in humans with the specific aim of providing a molecular picture of the currently known protein-protein interaction networks. The human ISC and CIA machineries are presented, and the ISC export machinery is discussed with respect to possible molecules being the substrates of the mitochondrial protein transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ciofi-Baffoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center-CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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41
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Olive JA, Cowan JA. Role of the HSPA9/HSC20 chaperone pair in promoting directional human iron-sulfur cluster exchange involving monothiol glutaredoxin 5. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 184:100-107. [PMID: 29689452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Iron‑sulfur clusters are essential cofactors found across all domains of life. Their assembly and transfer are accomplished by highly conserved protein complexes and partners. In eukaryotes a [2Fe-2S] cluster is first assembled in the mitochondria on the iron‑sulfur cluster scaffold protein ISCU in tandem with iron, sulfide, and electron donors. Current models suggest that a chaperone pair interacts with a cluster-bound ISCU to facilitate cluster transfer to a monothiol glutaredoxin. In humans this protein is glutaredoxin 5 (GLRX5) and the cluster can then be exchanged with a variety of target apo proteins. By use of circular dichroism spectroscopy, the kinetics of cluster exchange reactivity has been evaluated for human GLRX5 with a variety of cluster donor and acceptor partners, and the role of chaperones determined for several of these. In contrast to the prokaryotic model, where heat-shock type chaperone proteins HscA and HscB are required for successful and efficient transfer of a [2Fe-2S] cluster from the ISCU scaffold to a monothiol glutaredoxin. However, in the human system the chaperone homologs, HSPA9 and HSC20, are not necessary for human ISCU to promote cluster transfer to GLRX5, and appear to promote the reverse transfer. Cluster exchange with the human iron‑sulfur cluster carrier protein NFU1 and ferredoxins (FDX's), and the role of chaperones, has also been evaluated, demonstrating in certain cases control over the directionality of cluster transfer. In contrast to other prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, NFU1 is identified as a more likely physiological donor of [2Fe-2S] cluster to human GLRX5 than ISCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Olive
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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42
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Banci L, Camponeschi F, Ciofi-Baffoni S, Piccioli M. The NMR contribution to protein-protein networking in Fe-S protein maturation. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:665-685. [PMID: 29569085 PMCID: PMC6006191 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron–sulfur proteins were among the first class of metalloproteins that were actively studied using NMR spectroscopy tailored to paramagnetic systems. The hyperfine shifts, their temperature dependencies and the relaxation rates of nuclei of cluster-bound residues are an efficient fingerprint of the nature and the oxidation state of the Fe–S cluster. NMR significantly contributed to the analysis of the magnetic coupling patterns and to the understanding of the electronic structure occurring in [2Fe–2S], [3Fe–4S] and [4Fe–4S] clusters bound to proteins. After the first NMR structure of a paramagnetic protein was obtained for the reduced E. halophila HiPIP I, many NMR structures were determined for several Fe–S proteins in different oxidation states. It was found that differences in chemical shifts, in patterns of unobserved residues, in internal mobility and in thermodynamic stability are suitable data to map subtle changes between the two different oxidation states of the protein. Recently, the interaction networks responsible for maturing human mitochondrial and cytosolic Fe–S proteins have been largely characterized by combining solution NMR standard experiments with those tailored to paramagnetic systems. We show here the contribution of solution NMR in providing a detailed molecular view of “Fe–S interactomics”. This contribution was particularly effective when protein–protein interactions are weak and transient, and thus difficult to be characterized at high resolution with other methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Camponeschi
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Ciofi-Baffoni
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Piccioli
- Magnetic Resonance Center CERM, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy.
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43
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Wachnowsky C, Fidai I, Cowan JA. Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and trafficking - impact on human disease conditions. Metallomics 2018; 10:9-29. [PMID: 29019354 PMCID: PMC5783746 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters (Fe-S) are one of the most ancient, ubiquitous and versatile classes of metal cofactors found in nature. Proteins that contain Fe-S clusters constitute one of the largest families of proteins, with varied functions that include electron transport, regulation of gene expression, substrate binding and activation, radical generation, and, more recently discovered, DNA repair. Research during the past two decades has shown that mitochondria are central to the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters in eukaryotic cells via a conserved cluster assembly machinery (ISC assembly machinery) that also controls the synthesis of Fe-S clusters of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. Several key steps for synthesis and trafficking have been determined for mitochondrial Fe-S clusters, as well as the cytosol (CIA - cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly), but detailed mechanisms of cluster biosynthesis, transport, and exchange are not well established. Genetic mutations and the instability of certain steps in the biosynthesis and maturation of mitochondrial, cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S cluster proteins affects overall cellular iron homeostasis and can lead to severe metabolic, systemic, neurological and hematological diseases, often resulting in fatality. In this review we briefly summarize the current molecular understanding of both mitochondrial ISC and CIA assembly machineries, and present a comprehensive overview of various associated inborn human disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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44
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Garcia-Serres R, Clémancey M, Latour JM, Blondin G. Contribution of Mössbauer spectroscopy to the investigation of Fe/S biogenesis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:635-644. [PMID: 29350298 PMCID: PMC6006220 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fe/S cluster biogenesis involves a complex machinery comprising several mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins. Fe/S cluster biosynthesis is closely intertwined with iron trafficking in the cell. Defects in Fe/S cluster elaboration result in severe diseases such as Friedreich ataxia. Deciphering this machinery is a challenge for the scientific community. Because iron is a key player, 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy is especially appropriate for the characterization of Fe species and monitoring the iron distribution. This minireview intends to illustrate how Mössbauer spectroscopy contributes to unravel steps in Fe/S cluster biogenesis. Studies were performed on isolated proteins that may be present in multiple protein complexes. Since a few decades, Mössbauer spectroscopy was also performed on whole cells or on isolated compartments such as mitochondria and vacuoles, affording an overview of the iron trafficking. This minireview aims at presenting selected applications of 57Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy to Fe/S cluster biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Clémancey
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, LCBM UMR 5249, pmb, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, LCBM UMR 5249, pmb, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Geneviève Blondin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, LCBM UMR 5249, pmb, 38000, Grenoble, France. .,LCBM/pmb, CEA Bât C5, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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45
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Fe-S Clusters Emerging as Targets of Therapeutic Drugs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3647657. [PMID: 29445445 PMCID: PMC5763138 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3647657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fe-S centers exhibit strong electronic plasticity, which is of importance for insuring fine redox tuning of protein biological properties. In accordance, Fe-S clusters are also highly sensitive to oxidation and can be very easily altered in vivo by different drugs, either directly or indirectly due to catabolic by-products, such as nitric oxide species (NOS) or reactive oxygen species (ROS). In case of metal ions, Fe-S cluster alteration might be the result of metal liganding to the coordinating sulfur atoms, as suggested for copper. Several drugs presented through this review are either capable of direct interaction with Fe-S clusters or of secondary Fe-S clusters alteration following ROS or NOS production. Reactions leading to Fe-S cluster disruption are also reported. Due to the recent interest and progress in Fe-S biology, it is very likely that an increasing number of drugs already used in clinics will emerge as molecules interfering with Fe-S centers in the near future. Targeting Fe-S centers could also become a promising strategy for drug development.
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46
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Zhuang W, Liu H, Li J, Chen L, Wang G. Regulation of Class A β-Lactamase CzoA by CzoR and IscR in Comamonas testosteroni S44. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2573. [PMID: 29312251 PMCID: PMC5744064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A genomic analysis of Comamonas testosteroni S44 revealed a gene that encodes a LysR family transcriptional regulator (here named czoR, czo for cefazolin) located upstream of a putative class A β-lactamase encoding gene (here named czoA). A putative DNA-binding motif of the Fe-S cluster assembly regulator IscR was identified in the czoR-czoA intergenic region. Real-time RT-PCR and lacZ fusion expression assays indicated that transcription of czoA and czoR were induced by multiple β-lactams. CzoA expressed in Escherichia coli was shown to contribute to susceptibility to a wide range of β-lactams judged from minimum inhibitory concentrations. In vitro enzymatic assays showed that CzoA hydrolyzed seven β-lactams, including benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cefalexin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime. Deletion of either iscR or czoR increased susceptibility to cefalexin and cefazolin, while complemented strains restored their wild-type susceptibility levels. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) demonstrated that CzoR and IscR bind to different sites of the czoR-czoA intergenic region. Precise CzoR- and IscR-binding sites were confirmed via DNase I footprinting or short fragment EMSA. When cefalexin or cefazolin was added to cultures, czoR deletion completely inhibited czoA expression but did not affect iscR transcription, while iscR deletion decreased the expressions of both czoR and czoA. These results reveal that CzoR positively affects the expression of czoA with its own expression upregulated by IscR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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47
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant cellular low-molecular-weight thiol in the majority of organisms in all kingdoms of life. Therefore, functions of GSH and disturbed regulation of its concentration are associated with numerous physiological and pathological situations. Recent Advances: The function of GSH as redox buffer or antioxidant is increasingly being questioned. New functions, especially functions connected to the cellular iron homeostasis, were elucidated. Via the formation of iron complexes, GSH is an important player in all aspects of iron metabolism: sensing and regulation of iron levels, iron trafficking, and biosynthesis of iron cofactors. The variety of GSH coordinated iron complexes and their functions with a special focus on FeS-glutaredoxins are summarized in this review. Interestingly, GSH analogues that function as major low-molecular-weight thiols in organisms lacking GSH resemble the functions in iron homeostasis. CRITICAL ISSUES Since these iron-related functions are most likely also connected to thiol redox chemistry, it is difficult to distinguish between mechanisms related to either redox or iron metabolisms. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The ability of GSH to coordinate iron in different complexes with or without proteins needs further investigation. The discovery of new Fe-GSH complexes and their physiological functions will significantly advance our understanding of cellular iron homeostasis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1235-1251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Berndt
- 1 Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Life Science Center , Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Horst Lillig
- 2 Institute for Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald, Germany
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48
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Maio N, Rouault TA. Mammalian Fe-S proteins: definition of a consensus motif recognized by the co-chaperone HSC20. Metallomics 2017; 8:1032-1046. [PMID: 27714045 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00167j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are inorganic cofactors that are fundamental to several biological processes in all three kingdoms of life. In most organisms, Fe-S clusters are initially assembled on a scaffold protein, ISCU, and subsequently transferred to target proteins or to intermediate carriers by a dedicated chaperone/co-chaperone system. The delivery of assembled Fe-S clusters to recipient proteins is a crucial step in the biogenesis of Fe-S proteins, and, in mammals, it relies on the activity of a multiprotein transfer complex that contains the chaperone HSPA9, the co-chaperone HSC20 and the scaffold ISCU. How the transfer complex efficiently engages recipient Fe-S target proteins involves specific protein interactions that are not fully understood. This mini review focuses on recent insights into the molecular mechanism of amino acid motif recognition and discrimination by the co-chaperone HSC20, which guides Fe-S cluster delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maio
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 9000 Rockville Pike, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - T A Rouault
- Molecular Medicine Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 9000 Rockville Pike, 20892 Bethesda, MD, USA.
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49
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Fidai I, Wachnowsky C, Cowan JA. Mapping cellular Fe-S cluster uptake and exchange reactions - divergent pathways for iron-sulfur cluster delivery to human ferredoxins. Metallomics 2017; 8:1283-1293. [PMID: 27878189 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferredoxins are protein mediators of biological electron-transfer reactions and typically contain either [2Fe-2S] or [4Fe-4S] clusters. Two ferredoxin homologues have been identified in the human genome, Fdx1 and Fdx2, that share 43% identity and 69% similarity in protein sequence and both bind [2Fe-2S] clusters. Despite the high similarity, the two ferredoxins play very specific roles in distinct physiological pathways and cannot replace each other in function. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic ferredoxins and homologues have been reported to receive their Fe-S cluster from scaffold/delivery proteins such as IscU, Isa, glutaredoxins, and Nfu. However, the preferred and physiologically relevant pathway for receiving the [2Fe-2S] cluster by ferredoxins is subject to speculation and is not clearly identified. In this work, we report on in vitro UV-visible (UV-vis) circular dichroism studies of [2Fe-2S] cluster transfer to the ferredoxins from a variety of partners. The results reveal rapid and quantitative transfer to both ferredoxins from several donor proteins (IscU, Isa1, Grx2, and Grx3). Transfer from Isa1 to Fdx2 was also observed to be faster than that of IscU to Fdx2, suggesting that Fdx2 could receive its cluster from Isa1 instead of IscU. Several other transfer combinations were also investigated and the results suggest a complex, but kinetically detailed map for cellular cluster trafficking. This is the first step toward building a network map for all of the possible iron-sulfur cluster transfer pathways in the mitochondria and cytosol, providing insights on the most likely cellular pathways and possible redundancies in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insiya Fidai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. and The Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. and The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. and The Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, USA and The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, USA
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50
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Wesley NA, Wachnowsky C, Fidai I, Cowan JA. Analysis of NFU-1 metallocofactor binding-site substitutions-impacts on iron-sulfur cluster coordination and protein structure and function. FEBS J 2017; 284:3817-3837. [PMID: 28906593 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters are ancient prosthetic groups found in numerous metalloproteins and are conserved across all kingdoms of life due to their diverse, yet essential functional roles. Genetic mutations to a specific subset of mitochondrial Fe/S cluster delivery proteins are broadly categorized as disease-related under multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome (MMDS), with symptoms indicative of a general failure of the metabolic system. Multiple mitochondrial dysfunction syndrome 1 (MMDS1) arises as a result of the missense mutation in NFU1, an Fe/S cluster scaffold protein, which substitutes a glycine near the Fe/S cluster-binding pocket to a cysteine (p.Gly208Cys). This substitution has been shown to promote protein dimerization such that cluster delivery to NFU1 is blocked, preventing downstream cluster trafficking. However, the possibility of this additional cysteine, located adjacent to the cluster-binding site, serving as an Fe/S cluster ligand has not yet been explored. To fully understand the consequences of this Gly208Cys replacement, complementary substitutions at the Fe/S cluster-binding pocket for native and Gly208Cys NFU1 were made, along with six other variants. Herein, we report the results of an investigation on the effect of these substitutions on both cluster coordination and NFU1 structure and function. The data suggest that the G208C substitution does not contribute to cluster binding. Rather, replacement of the glycine at position 208 changes the oligomerization state as a result of global structural alterations that result in the downstream effects manifest as MMDS1, but does not perturb the coordination chemistry of the Fe-S cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel A Wesley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christine Wachnowsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Insiya Fidai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,The Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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