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Schroter A, Hirsch T. Control of Luminescence and Interfacial Properties as Perspective for Upconversion Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306042. [PMID: 37986189 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) light is highly suitable for studying biological systems due to its minimal scattering and lack of background fluorescence excitation, resulting in high signal-to-noise ratios. By combining NIR light with lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), upconversion is used to generate UV or visible light within tissue. This remarkable property has gained significant research interest over the past two decades. Synthesis methods are developed to produce particles of various sizes, shapes, and complex core-shell architectures and new strategies are explored to optimize particle properties for specific bioapplications. The diverse photophysics of lanthanide ions offers extensive possibilities to tailor spectral characteristics by incorporating different ions and manipulating their arrangement within the nanocrystal. However, several challenges remain before UCNPs can be widely applied. Understanding the behavior of particle surfaces when exposed to complex biological environments is crucial. In applications where deep tissue penetration is required, such as photodynamic therapy and optogenetics, UCNPs show great potential as nanolamps. These nanoparticles can combine diagnostics and therapeutics in a minimally invasive, efficient manner, making them ideal upconversion probes. This article provides an overview of recent UCNP design trends, highlights past research achievements, and outlines potential future directions to bring upconversion research to the next level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schroter
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hirsch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Sharma C, Sarkar A, Walther A. Transient co-assemblies of micron-scale colloids regulated by ATP-fueled reaction networks. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12299-12307. [PMID: 37969603 PMCID: PMC10631234 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of colloidal particles offers an attractive bottom-up approach to functional materials. Current design strategies for colloidal assemblies are mostly based on thermodynamically controlled principles and lack autonomous behavior. The next advance in the properties of colloidal assemblies will come from coupling these structures to out-of-equilibrium chemical reaction networks furnishing them with autonomous and dynamic behavior. This, however, constitutes a major challenge of carefully modulating the interparticle potentials on a temporal circuit program and avoiding kinetic trapping and irreversible aggregation. Herein, we report the coupling of a fuel-driven DNA-based enzymatic reaction network (ERN) to micron-sized colloidal particles to achieve their transient co-assembly. The ERN operating on the molecular level transiently releases an Output strand which links two DNA functionalized microgel particles together into co-assemblies with a programmable assembly lifetime. The system generates minimal waste and recovers all components of the ERN after the consumption of the ATP fuel. The system can be reactivated by addition of new fuel as shown for up to three cycles. The design can be applied to organize other building blocks into hierarchical structures and materials with advanced biomimetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Life-Like Materials and Systems, University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Aritra Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Life-Like Materials and Systems, University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Department of Chemistry, Life-Like Materials and Systems, University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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3
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Bali N, Brennhaug SJ, Bjørås M, Bandyopadhyay S, Manaf A. Optimized synthesis of polyacrylic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles for high-efficiency DNA isolation and size selection. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29109-29120. [PMID: 37800135 PMCID: PMC10548788 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04687g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-phase reversible immobilization (SPRI) bead technology is widely used in molecular biology for convenient DNA manipulation. However, commercial SPRI bead kits lack cost advantages and flexibility. It is, therefore, necessary to develop new and alternative cost-effective methods of on-par or better quality. Herein, an easy and cost-effective method is proposed for synthesizing polyacrylic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PAA-IONPs) through in situ polymerization at lab scale for high-efficiency nucleic acid extraction and size selection. A design of experiment (DoE) approach was used to investigate the influence of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), acrylic acid (AA) monomer, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant amounts on the sizes and carboxyl group densities of PAA-IONPs. Thorough characterization by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) highlights the importance of a low starting pH achieved by a high ratio of AA/IONPs, to yield the largest sizes (554 nm) and highest carboxyl group densities (2.13 mmol g-1) obtained in this study. An efficient DNA purification strategy is then presented using homemade beads-suspension buffer and optimized bead concentrations (17% PEG 8000, 2.5 M NaCl, and 3 mg mL-1 PAA-IONPs). This method shows comparable performance to the control (AMPure XP beads) for DNA recovery. An adjustable PAA-IONPs DNA purification system was also developed to be used for DNA-size selection at low DNA amounts (50-100 ng) with a high degree of resolution and recovery. In conclusion, this work offers an optimized PAA-IONPs synthesis protocol and a flexible DNA purification approach that will enable researchers to manipulate DNA under various conditions, holding the significant potential to benefit future molecular biology research and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Bali
- Particle Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Trondheim Norway
| | - Svein J Brennhaug
- Particle Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Trondheim Norway
| | - Magnar Bjørås
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU Trondheim Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Centre of Embryology, University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Sulalit Bandyopadhyay
- Particle Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Trondheim Norway
| | - Adeel Manaf
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU Trondheim Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
- Centre of Embryology, University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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Sharma C, Samanta A, Schmidt RS, Walther A. DNA-Based Signaling Networks for Transient Colloidal Co-Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17819-17830. [PMID: 37543962 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Programmable chemical circuits inspired by signaling networks in living cells are a promising approach for the development of adaptive and autonomous self-assembling molecular systems and material functions. Progress has been made at the molecular level, but connecting molecular control circuits to self-assembling larger elements such as colloids that enable real-space studies and access to functional materials is sparse and can suffer from kinetic traps, flocculation, or difficult system integration protocols. Herein, we report a toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement reaction network capable of autonomously directing two different microgels into transient and self-regulating co-assemblies. The microgels are functionalized with DNA and become elemental components of the network. The flexibility of the circuit design allows the installation of delay phases or accelerators by chaining additional circuit modules upstream or downstream of the core circuit. The design provides an adaptable and robust route to regulate other building blocks for advanced biomimetic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Sharma
- Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Avik Samanta
- Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ricarda Sophia Schmidt
- Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Scholtz L, Tavernaro I, Eckert JG, Lutowski M, Geißler D, Hertwig A, Hidde G, Bigall NC, Resch-Genger U. Influence of nanoparticle encapsulation and encoding on the surface chemistry of polymer carrier beads. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11957. [PMID: 37488159 PMCID: PMC10366211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-functionalized polymer beads encoded with molecular luminophores and nanocrystalline emitters such as semiconductor nanocrystals, often referred to as quantum dots (QDs), or magnetic nanoparticles are broadly used in the life sciences as reporters and carrier beads. Many of these applications require a profound knowledge of the chemical nature and total number of their surface functional groups (FGs), that control bead charge, colloidal stability, hydrophobicity, and the interaction with the environment and biological systems. For bioanalytical applications, also the number of groups accessible for the subsequent functionalization with, e.g., biomolecules or targeting ligands is relevant. In this study, we explore the influence of QD encoding on the amount of carboxylic acid (COOH) surface FGs of 2 µm polystyrene microparticles (PSMPs). This is done for frequently employed oleic acid and oleylamine stabilized, luminescent core/shell CdSe QDs and two commonly used encoding procedures. This included QD addition during bead formation by a thermally induced polymerization reaction and a post synthetic swelling procedure. The accessible number of COOH groups on the surface of QD-encoded and pristine beads was quantified by two colorimetric assays, utilizing differently sized reporters and electrostatic and covalent interactions. The results were compared to the total number of FGs obtained by a conductometric titration and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In addition, a comparison of the impact of QD and dye encoding on the bead surface chemistry was performed. Our results demonstrate the influence of QD encoding and the QD-encoding strategy on the number of surface FG that is ascribed to an interaction of the QDs with the carboxylic acid groups on the bead surface. These findings are of considerable relevance for applications of nanoparticle-encoded beads and safe-by-design concepts for nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Scholtz
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Tavernaro
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Gerrit Eckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Lutowski
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Geißler
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- PolyAn GmbH, Schkopauer Ring 6, 12681, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hertwig
- Division 6.1 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gundula Hidde
- Division 6.1 Surface Analysis and Interfacial Chemistry, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division 1.2 Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Srivastava P, Tavernaro I, Scholtz L, Genger C, Welker P, Schreiber F, Meyer K, Resch-Genger U. Dual color pH probes made from silica and polystyrene nanoparticles and their performance in cell studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1321. [PMID: 36693888 PMCID: PMC9873940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ratiometric green-red fluorescent nanosensors for fluorometrically monitoring pH in the acidic range were designed from 80 nm-sized polystyrene (PS) and silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs), red emissive reference dyes, and a green emissive naphthalimide pH probe, analytically and spectroscopically characterized, and compared regarding their sensing performance in aqueous dispersion and in cellular uptake studies. Preparation of these optical probes, which are excitable by 405 nm laser or LED light sources, involved the encapsulation of the pH-inert red-fluorescent dye Nile Red (NR) in the core of self-made carboxylated PSNPs by a simple swelling procedure and the fabrication of rhodamine B (RhB)-stained SiO2-NPs from a silane derivative of pH-insensitive RhB. Subsequently, the custom-made naphthalimide pH probe, that utilizes a protonation-controlled photoinduced electron transfer process, was covalently attached to the carboxylic acid groups at the surface of both types of NPs. Fluorescence microscopy studies with the molecular and nanoscale optical probes and A549 lung cancer cells confirmed the cellular uptake of all probes and their penetration into acidic cell compartments, i.e., the lysosomes, indicated by the switching ON of the green naphthalimide fluorescence. This underlines their suitability for intracellular pH sensing, with the SiO2-based nanosensor revealing the best performance regarding uptake speed and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Srivastava
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Tavernaro
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Scholtz
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Genger
- nanoPET Pharma GmbH, Robert-Koch-Platz 4, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pia Welker
- nanoPET Pharma GmbH, Robert-Koch-Platz 4, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Division Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klas Meyer
- Division Process Analytical Technology, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Dinga DK, Kasprzycka E, Assunção IP, Winterstein F, Alizade A, Caliskanyürek V, Blödorn D, Winkle J, Kynast U, Lezhnina M. High brightness red emitting polymer beads for immunoassays: Comparison between trifluoroacetylacetonates of Europium. Front Chem 2023; 11:1179247. [PMID: 37153529 PMCID: PMC10157089 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1179247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficiently luminescing spherical polymer particles (beads) in the nanoscale regime of up to approximately 250 nm have become very valuable tools in bioanalytical assays. Eu3+- complexes imbedded in polymethacrylate and polystyrene in particular proved to be extraordinarily useful in sensitive immunochemical and multi-analyte assays, and histo- and cytochemistry. Their obvious advantages derive from both, the possibility to realize very high ratios of emitter complexes to target molecules, and the intrinsically long decay times of the Eu3+-complexes, which allows an almost complete discrimination against bothersome autofluorescence via time-gated measuring techniques; the narrow line emission in conjunction with large apparent Stokes shifts are additional benefits with regard to spectral separation of excitation and emission with optical filters. Last but not least, a reasonable strategy to couple the beads to the analytes is mandatory. We have thus screened a variety of complexes and ancillary ligands; the four most promising candidates evaluated and compared to each other were β-diketonates (trifluoroacetylacetonates, R-CO-CH-CO-CF3, R = - thienyl, -phenyl, -naphthyl and -phenanthryl); highest solubilities in polystyrene were obtained with trioctylphosphine co-ligands. All beads had overall quantum yields in excess of 80% as dried powders and lifetimes well beyond 600 µs. Core-shell particles were devised for the conjugation to model proteins (Avidine, Neutravidine). Their applicability was tested in biotinylated titer plates using time gated measurements and a Lateral Flow Assay as practical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K. Dinga
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Ewa Kasprzycka
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Israel P. Assunção
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Franziska Winterstein
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Amina Alizade
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | - Volkan Caliskanyürek
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrich Kynast
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marina Lezhnina, ; Ulrich Kynast,
| | - Marina Lezhnina
- Institute for Optical Technologies, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Steinfurt, Germany
- Quantum Analysis GmbH, Münster, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marina Lezhnina, ; Ulrich Kynast,
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8
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Nilam M, Hennig A. Enzyme assays with supramolecular chemosensors - the label-free approach. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10725-10748. [PMID: 35425010 PMCID: PMC8984408 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08617k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme activity measurements are essential for many research areas, e.g., for the identification of inhibitors in drug discovery, in bioengineering of enzyme mutants for biotechnological applications, or in bioanalytical chemistry as parts of biosensors. In particular in high-throughput screening (HTS), sensitive optical detection is most preferred and numerous absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy-based enzyme assays have been developed, which most frequently require time-consuming fluorescent labelling that may interfere with biological recognition. The use of supramolecular chemosensors, which can specifically signal analytes with fluorescence-based read-out methods, affords an attractive and label-free alternative to more established enzyme assays. We provide herein a comprehensive review that summarizes the current state-of-the-art of supramolecular enzyme assays ranging from early examples with covalent chemosensors to the most recent applications of supramolecular tandem enzyme assays, which utilize common and often commercially available combinations of macrocyclic host molecules (e.g. cyclodextrins, calixarenes, and cucurbiturils) and fluorescent dyes as self-assembled reporter pairs for assaying enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nilam
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Universität Osnabrück Barbarastr. 7 D-49076 Osnabrück Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs), Universität Osnabrück Barbarastr. 7 D-49076 Osnabrück Germany
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Surface chemistry of metal oxide nanoparticles: NMR and TGA quantification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4409-4425. [PMID: 35234982 PMCID: PMC9142474 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalization is widely used to control the behavior of nanomaterials for a range of applications. However, methods to accurately quantify surface functional groups and coatings are not yet routinely applied to nanomaterial characterization. We have employed a combination of quantitative NMR (qNMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to address this problem for commercial cerium, nickel, and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) that have been modified to add functional coatings with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), stearic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The qNMR method involves quantification of material that is released from the NPs and quantified in the supernatant after removal of NPs. Removal of aminopropylsilanes was accomplished by basic hydrolysis whereas PVP and stearic acid were removed by ligand exchange using sodium hexametaphosphate and pentadecafluorooctanoic acid, respectively. The method accuracy was confirmed by analysis of NPs with a known content of surface groups. Complementary TGA studies were carried out in both air and argon atmosphere with FT-IR of evolved gases in argon to confirm the identity of the functional groups. TGA measurements for some unfunctionalized samples show mass loss due to unidentified components which makes quantification of functional groups in surface-modified samples less reliable. XPS provides information on the presence of surface contaminants and the level of surface hydroxylation for selected samples. Despite the issues associated with accurate quantification using TGA, the TGA estimates agree reasonably well with the qNMR data for samples with high surface loading. This study highlights the issues in analysis of commercial nanomaterials and is an advance towards the development of generally applicable methods for quantifying surface functional groups.
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Tsuchii T, Kaneko K, Morita K, Nishino T, Maruyama T. Rewritable Surface on a Plastic Substrate Using Fluorous Affinity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3255-3263. [PMID: 34923822 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorous chemistry has unique features and high potential applicability, which are distinct from those of nonfluorinated organic compounds. However, there are limited reports detailing the applications of fluorous-fluorous interactions (fluorophilicity or fluorous affinity), likely because these interactions are not found in nature. In the present study, we describe the rewritable surface functionalization of a plastic substrate based on fluorous affinity. Plastic substrates were dip-coated with a series of methacrylate-based fluoropolymers to generate fluorous surfaces. Fluorous-tagged small molecules [perfluoroalkyl (Rf) amines] were immobilized on the fluorous surfaces via fluorous-fluorous interactions, thereby introducing reactive functional groups (amino moieties) on the surface. The amino groups displayed on the surface (accessible by a reactant) were successfully quantified using a reactive fluorophore, which enabled quantitative analysis of the Rf-amines immobilized on the fluorous surface that were available for the subsequent reaction. The effects of the molecular structures of the fluoropolymers and Rf-amines on the surface immobilization of Rf-amines were also investigated quantitatively. The surface coated with a fluoropolymer containing -C8F17 most effectively immobilized an Rf-amine comprising two -C6F13 chains. The adhered Rf-amines were easily removed by washing the surface with methanol, and then, they could successfully be re-immobilized on the surface. Finally, the presented approach enabled the rewritable micropatterning of an Rf-tagged biomolecule on a plastic surface through microcontact printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takane Tsuchii
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kaneko
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Morita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Maruyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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11
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Kunc F, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Rühle B, Sun Y, Johnston LJ, Resch-Genger U. Interlaboratory Comparison on the Quantification of Total and Accessible Amine Groups on Silica Nanoparticles with qNMR and Optical Assays. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15271-15278. [PMID: 34714067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Risk assessment of nanomaterials requires not only standardized toxicity studies but also validated methods for nanomaterial surface characterization with known uncertainties. In this context, a first bilateral interlaboratory comparison on surface group quantification of nanomaterials is presented that assesses different reporter-free and labeling methods for the quantification of the total and accessible number of amine functionalities on commercially available silica nanoparticles that are widely used in the life sciences. The overall goal of this comparison is the identification of optimum methods as well as achievable measurement uncertainties and the comparability of the results across laboratories. We also examined the robustness and ease of implementation of the applied analytical methods and discussed method-inherent limitations. In summary, this comparison presents a first step toward the eventually required standardization of methods for surface group quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kunc
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Rühle
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ying Sun
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Linda J Johnston
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Geißler D, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Scholtz L, Tavernaro I, Resch-Genger U. Analyzing the surface of functional nanomaterials-how to quantify the total and derivatizable number of functional groups and ligands. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:321. [PMID: 34482449 PMCID: PMC8418596 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Functional nanomaterials (NM) of different size, shape, chemical composition, and surface chemistry are of increasing relevance for many key technologies of the twenty-first century. This includes polymer and silica or silica-coated nanoparticles (NP) with covalently bound surface groups, semiconductor quantum dots (QD), metal and metal oxide NP, and lanthanide-based NP with coordinatively or electrostatically bound ligands, as well as surface-coated nanostructures like micellar encapsulated NP. The surface chemistry can significantly affect the physicochemical properties of NM, their charge, their processability and performance, as well as their impact on human health and the environment. Thus, analytical methods for the characterization of NM surface chemistry regarding chemical identification, quantification, and accessibility of functional groups (FG) and surface ligands bearing such FG are of increasing importance for quality control of NM synthesis up to nanosafety. Here, we provide an overview of analytical methods for FG analysis and quantification with special emphasis on bioanalytically relevant FG broadly utilized for the covalent attachment of biomolecules like proteins, peptides, and oligonucleotides and address method- and material-related challenges and limitations. Analytical techniques reviewed include electrochemical titration methods, optical assays, nuclear magnetic resonance and vibrational spectroscopy, as well as X-ray based and thermal analysis methods, covering the last 5-10 years. Criteria for method classification and evaluation include the need for a signal-generating label, provision of either the total or derivatizable number of FG, need for expensive instrumentation, and suitability for process and production control during NM synthesis and functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Geißler
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division Biophotonics (BAM-1.2), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division Biophotonics (BAM-1.2), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Scholtz
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division Biophotonics (BAM-1.2), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Tavernaro
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division Biophotonics (BAM-1.2), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Division Biophotonics (BAM-1.2), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Korolkov IV, Zibert AV, Lissovskaya LI, Ludzik K, Anisovich M, Kozlovskiy AL, Shumskaya AE, Vasilyeva M, Shlimas DI, Jażdżewska M, Marciniak B, Kontek R, Chudoba D, Zdorovets MV. Boron and Gadolinium Loaded Fe 3O 4 Nanocarriers for Potential Application in Neutron Capture Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8687. [PMID: 34445393 PMCID: PMC8395504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, a novel method of simultaneous carborane- and gadolinium-containing compounds as efficient agents for neutron capture therapy (NCT) delivery via magnetic nanocarriers is presented. The presence of both Gd and B increases the efficiency of NCT and using nanocarriers enhances selectivity. These factors make NCT not only efficient, but also safe. Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were treated with silane and then the polyelectrolytic layer was formed for further immobilization of NCT agents. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Mössbauer spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM) were applied for the characterization of the chemical and element composition, structure, morphology and magnetic properties of nanocarriers. The cytotoxicity effect was evaluated on different cell lines: BxPC-3, PC-3 MCF-7, HepG2 and L929, human skin fibroblasts as normal cells. average size of nanoparticles is 110 nm; magnetization at 1T and coercivity is 43.1 emu/g and 8.1, respectively; the amount of B is 0.077 mg/g and the amount of Gd is 0.632 mg/g. Successful immobilization of NCT agents, their low cytotoxicity against normal cells and selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells as well as the superparamagnetic properties of nanocarriers were confirmed by analyses above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Korolkov
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov Str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (A.V.Z.); (L.I.L.); (A.L.K.); (D.I.S.); (M.V.Z.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexandr V. Zibert
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov Str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (A.V.Z.); (L.I.L.); (A.L.K.); (D.I.S.); (M.V.Z.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Lana I. Lissovskaya
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov Str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (A.V.Z.); (L.I.L.); (A.L.K.); (D.I.S.); (M.V.Z.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - K. Ludzik
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia; (M.J.); (D.C.)
| | - M. Anisovich
- Republican Unitary Enterprise, Scientific-Practical Centre of Hygiene, 220012 Minsk, Belarus; (M.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Artem L. Kozlovskiy
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov Str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (A.V.Z.); (L.I.L.); (A.L.K.); (D.I.S.); (M.V.Z.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - A. E. Shumskaya
- The Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - M. Vasilyeva
- Republican Unitary Enterprise, Scientific-Practical Centre of Hygiene, 220012 Minsk, Belarus; (M.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Dmitriy I. Shlimas
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov Str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (A.V.Z.); (L.I.L.); (A.L.K.); (D.I.S.); (M.V.Z.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
| | - Monika Jażdżewska
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia; (M.J.); (D.C.)
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Marciniak
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Faculty of Biology and Enviromental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-231 Lodz, Poland; (B.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Renata Kontek
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics, Faculty of Biology and Enviromental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-231 Lodz, Poland; (B.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Dorota Chudoba
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia; (M.J.); (D.C.)
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maxim V. Zdorovets
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov Str. 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan; (A.V.Z.); (L.I.L.); (A.L.K.); (D.I.S.); (M.V.Z.)
- Engineering Profile Laboratory, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev Str. 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan
- Department of Intelligent Information Technologies, Ural Federal University, Mira Str. 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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14
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Alnajjar MA, Nau WM, Hennig A. A reference scale of cucurbit[7]uril binding affinities. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8521-8529. [PMID: 34378628 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01304a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The accurate determination of ultra-high binding affinities in supramolecular host-guest chemistry is a challenging endeavour because direct binding titrations are generally limited to affinities <106 M-1 due to sensitivity constraints of common titration methods. To determine higher affinities, competitive titrations are usually performed, in which one compound with a well established binding affinity serves as a reference. Herein, we propose a reference scale for such competitive titrations with the host cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) comprising binding affinities in the range from 103 to 1015 M-1. The suggested reference compounds are commercially available and will aid in the future determination of CB7 binding affinities for stimuli-responsive host-guest systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alnajjar
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Werner M Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany. .,Institute of Chemistry of New Materials, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49080 Osnabrück, Germany.
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15
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Herrmann A, Haag R, Schedler U. Hydrogels and Their Role in Biosensing Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100062. [PMID: 33939333 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels play an important role in the field of biomedical research and diagnostic medicine. They are emerging as a powerful tool in the context of bioanalytical assays and biosensing. In this context, this review gives an overview of different hydrogels and the role they adopt in a range of applications. Not only are hydrogels beneficial for the immobilization and embedding of biomolecules, but they are also used as responsive material, as wearable devices, or as functional material. In particular, the scientific and technical progress during the last decade is discussed. The newest hydrogel types, their synthesis, and many applications are presented. Advantages and performance improvements are described, along with their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herrmann
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3 Berlin 14195 Germany
| | - Uwe Schedler
- PolyAn GmbH Rudolf‐Baschant‐Straße 2 Berlin 13086 Germany
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16
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Cisneros-Covarrubias CA, Palestino G, Gómez-Durán CFA, Rosales-Mendoza S, Betancourt-Mendiola MDL. Optimized microwave-assisted functionalization and quantification of superficial amino groups on porous silicon nanostructured microparticles. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:516-525. [PMID: 33443502 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an optimized microwave (MW)-assisted method for the chemical functionalization of porous silicon particles (PSip). 3-(Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was grafted on previously stabilized PSip. The functionalization efficiency was studied and optimized in terms of reaction time (Rt) and reaction temperature (RT) using a central composite design (CCD). The effect of MW irradiation on the surface coverage was found to strongly depend on the PSip surface chemistry, Rt, RT, and percentage of APTES. Quantification of grafted amino groups was performed by the ninhydrin method (NHIM); confirming the results by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Reacting with 5% APTES solution at 95 °C for 26 min was the best functionalization conditions. The efficiency of PSip-APTES prepared under the optimized conditions was compared to those functionalized by the traditional method; MW irradiation increases by 39% the number of functional groups grafted onto the PSip surfaces with the additional benefit of having a drastic reduction in Rt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cándida Anahy Cisneros-Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros y Nanoestructuras, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Palestino
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros y Nanoestructuras, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico. and Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - César F A Gómez-Durán
- Laboratorio de Biopolímeros y Nanoestructuras, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Betancourt-Mendiola
- Sección de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, C.P. 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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17
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Efficient Method for the Concentration Determination of Fmoc Groups Incorporated in the Core-Shell Materials by Fmoc-Glycine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173983. [PMID: 32882948 PMCID: PMC7504793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we described the synthesis procedure of TiO2@SiO2 core-shell modified with 3-(aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). The chemical attachment of Fmoc-glycine (Fmoc-Gly-OH) at the surface of the core-shell structure was performed to determine the amount of active amino groups on the basis of the amount of Fmoc group calculation. We characterized nanostructures using various methods: transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to confirm the modification effectiveness. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) measurement was adopted for the quantitative determination of amino groups present on the TiO2@SiO2 core-shell surface by determination of Fmoc substitution. The nanomaterials were functionalized by Fmoc-Gly-OH and then the fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group was cleaved using 20% (v/v) solution of piperidine in DMF. This reaction led to the formation of a dibenzofulvene-piperidine adduct enabling the estimation of free Fmoc groups by measurement the maximum absorption at 289 and 301 nm using UV-vis spectroscopy. The calculations of Fmoc loading on core-shell materials was performed using different molar absorption coefficient: 5800 and 6089 dm3 × mol-1 × cm-1 for λ = 289 nm and both 7800 and 8021 dm3 × mol-1 × cm-1 for λ = 301 nm. The obtained results indicate that amount of Fmoc groups present on TiO2@SiO2-(CH2)3-NH2 was calculated at 6 to 9 µmol/g. Furthermore, all measurements were compared with Fmoc-Gly-OH used as the model sample.
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18
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Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Budau JH, Moldenhauer D, Hermann G, Kraus W, Hoffmann K, Paulus B, Resch-Genger U. Substitution pattern controlled aggregation-induced emission in donor-acceptor-donor dyes with one and two propeller-like triphenylamine donors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14142-14154. [PMID: 32555804 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a comparative study of the spectroscopic properties of the donor-acceptor-donor substituted dyes triphenylamine-allylidenemalononitrile-julolidine (TMJ) and triphenylamine-allylidenemalononitrile-triphenylamine (TMT), bearing one and two propeller-like triphenylamine donor moieties, in solvents of varying polarity and viscosity and in the aggregated and solid state. Our results reveal control of the aggregation-induced spectroscopic changes and the packing motifs of the dye molecules in the solid state by the chemical nature and structure of the second nitrogen-containing donor, i.e., a planar and a rigid julolidine or a twisted triphenyl group. Assuming that the TMT and TMJ aggregates show a comparable arrangement of the molecules to the respective crystals, these different molecular interactions in the solid state are responsible for aggregation induced emission (AIE) in the case of TMT and its absence for TMJ. Moreover, a versatile strategy for the fluorescence enhancement of only weakly emissive AIE dyes is shown, turning these dyes into bright nanoscale fluorescent reporters by using them as stains for preformed polymer particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. and Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Horst Budau
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Moldenhauer
- Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Gunter Hermann
- QoD Technologies GmbH, Altensteinstraße 40, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Kraus
- Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Department 1, Division Structure Analytics, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Beate Paulus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustraße 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Material Research and Testing (BAM), Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Kunc F, Kodra O, Brinkmann A, Lopinski GP, Johnston LJ. A Multi-Method Approach for Quantification of Surface Coatings on Commercial Zinc Oxide Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E678. [PMID: 32260261 PMCID: PMC7221730 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization is a key factor for determining the performance of nanomaterials in a range of applications and their fate when released to the environment. Nevertheless, it is still relatively rare that surface groups or coatings are quantified using methods that have been carefully optimized and validated with a multi-method approach. We have quantified the surface groups on a set of commercial ZnO nanoparticles modified with three different reagents ((3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane, caprylsilane and stearic acid). This study used thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) of evolved gases and quantitative solution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for quantification purposes with 13C-solid state NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm assignments. Unmodified materials from the same suppliers were examined to assess possible impurities and corrections. The results demonstrate that there are significant mass losses from the unmodified samples which are attributed to surface carbonates or residual materials from the synthetic procedure used. The surface modified materials show a characteristic loss of functional group between 300-600 °C as confirmed by analysis of FT-IR spectra and comparison to NMR data obtained after quantitative release/extraction of the functional group from the surface. The agreement between NMR and TGA estimates for surface loading is reasonably good for cases where the functional group accounts for a relatively large fraction of the sample mass (e.g., large groups or high loading). In other cases TGA does not have sufficient sensitivity for quantitative analysis, particularly when contaminants contribute to the TGA mass loss. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and solid state NMR for selected samples provide support for the assignment of both the functional groups and some impurities. The level of surface group loading varies significantly with supplier and even for different batches or sizes of nanoparticles from the same supplier. These results highlight the importance of developing reliable methods to detect and quantify surface functional groups and the importance of a multi-method approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregory P. Lopinski
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (F.K.); (O.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Linda J. Johnston
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada; (F.K.); (O.K.); (A.B.)
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20
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Yang R, Lin Y, Liu B, Su Y, Tian Y, Hou X, Zheng C. Simple Universal Strategy for Quantification of Carboxyl Groups on Carbon Nanomaterials: Carbon Dioxide Vapor Generation Coupled to Microplasma for Optical Emission Spectrometric Detection. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3528-3534. [PMID: 32037807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties and applications of carbon nanomaterials are remarkably dependent on the amount of carboxyl group on their surfaces. Unfortunately, it is challenging to determine the carboxyl group on carbon nanomaterials at an ultralow density not only due to the low sensitivities of conventional techniques, but also because there are no matrix-matched certified reference materials available. In this work, a novel strategy comprising coupling carbon dioxide vapor generation to a microplasma optical emission spectrometer was developed for the sensitive and accurate quantification of surface carboxyl groups on carbon nanomaterials. The carboxyl group on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene (G), or its oxide (GO) was converted to carboxylic acid using concentrated hydrochloric acid prior to quantification. The generated carboxylic acid was purified and then reacted with sodium bicarbonate to generate CO2, which was swept into a miniaturized point discharge optical emission spectrometer (μPD-OES) for the detection of carbon atomic emission lines. Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) served as a calibration standard for quantification of the carboxyl group on G/GO/MWCNTs, thus, overcoming the lack of CRMs. Owing to the high sensitivity of μPD-OES for the detection of CO2, a limit of detection of 0.1 μmol g-1 (1 nmol) was obtained for the carboxyl group based on a sample mass of 10 mg G/GO/MWCNTs, superior to that obtained using conventional methods. Moreover, the proposed method not only retains several unique advantages of good accuracy and elimination of the use of complicated, expensive, and high power-consumption instruments, but was also applicable to the quantification of the carboxyl group on other nanomaterials such as carboxylated magnetic microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Buyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yubin Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.,Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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21
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Masukawa MK, Hayakawa M, Takinoue M. Surfactant concentration modulates the motion and placement of microparticles in an inhomogeneous electric field. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8895-8904. [PMID: 35496525 PMCID: PMC9050010 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00703j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of surfactants on the motion and positioning of microparticles in an inhomogeneous electric field. The microparticles were suspended in oil with a surfactant and the electric field was generated using sawtooth-patterned electrodes. The microparticles were trapped, oscillating, or attached to the electrodes. The proportion of microparticles in each state was defined by the concentration of surfactant and the voltage applied to the electrodes. Based on the trajectory of the microparticles in the electric field, we developed a new physical model in which the surfactant adsorbed on the microparticles allowed the microparticles to be charged by contact with the electrodes, with either positive or negative charges, while the non-adsorbed surfactant micellizing in the oil contributed to charge relaxation. A simulation based on this model showed that the charging and charge relaxation, as modulated by the surfactant concentration, can explain the trajectories and proportion of the trapped, oscillating, and attached microparticles. These results will be useful for the development of novel self-assembly and transport technologies and colloids sensitive to electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos K Masukawa
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8502 Japan
| | - Masayuki Hayakawa
- Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8502 Japan .,RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Masahiro Takinoue
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8502 Japan.,Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8502 Japan
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22
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Abstract
The combination of supramolecular functional systems with biomolecular chemistry has been a fruitful exercise for decades, leading to a greater understanding of biomolecules and to a great variety of applications, for example, in drug delivery and sensing. Within these developments, the phospholipid bilayer membrane, surrounding live cells, with all its functions has also intrigued supramolecular chemists. Herein, recent efforts from the supramolecular chemistry community to mimic natural functions of lipid membranes, such as sensing, molecular recognition, membrane fusion, signal transduction, and gated transport, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barba-Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Nilam
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
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23
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Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Rühle B, Geißler D, Moser M, Kläber C, Schäfer A, Resch-Genger U. Multimodal Cleavable Reporters for Quantifying Carboxy and Amino Groups on Organic and Inorganic Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17577. [PMID: 31772213 PMCID: PMC6879591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used as drug carriers, fluorescent sensors, and multimodal labels in the life and material sciences. These applications require knowledge of the chemical nature, total number of surface groups, and the number of groups accessible for subsequent coupling of e.g., antifouling ligands, targeting bioligands, or sensor molecules. To establish the concept of catch-and-release assays, cleavable probes were rationally designed from a quantitatively cleavable disulfide moiety and the optically detectable reporter 2-thiopyridone (2-TP). For quantifying surface groups on nanomaterials, first, a set of monodisperse carboxy-and amino-functionalized, 100 nm-sized polymer and silica NPs with different surface group densities was synthesized. Subsequently, the accessible functional groups (FGs) were quantified via optical spectroscopy of the cleaved off reporter after its release in solution. Method validation was done with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) utilizing the sulfur atom of the cleavable probe. This comparison underlined the reliability and versatility of our probes, which can be used for surface group quantification on all types of transparent, scattering, absorbing and/or fluorescent particles. The correlation between the total and accessible number of FGs quantified by conductometric titration, qNMR, and with our cleavable probes, together with the comparison to results of conjugation studies with differently sized biomolecules reveal the potential of catch-and-release reporters for surface analysis. Our findings also underline the importance of quantifying particularly the accessible amount of FGs for many applications of NPs in the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Rühle
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Geißler
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marko Moser
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Kläber
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäfer
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, D-12489, Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Zdorovets MV, Korolkov IV, Yeszhanov AB, Gorin YG. Functionalization of PET Track-Etched Membranes by UV-Induced Graft (co)Polymerization for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11111876. [PMID: 31766259 PMCID: PMC6918391 DOI: 10.3390/polym11111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, water quality monitoring is an essential task since environmental contamination and human exposure to heavy metals increased. Sensors that are able to detect ever lower concentrations of heavy metal ions with greater accuracy and speed are needed to effectively monitor water quality and prevent poisoning. This article shows studies of the modification of flexible track-etched membranes as the basis for the sensor with various polymers and their influence on the accuracy of detection of copper, cadmium, and lead ions in water. We report the UV-induced graft (co)polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 4-vinylpyridine (4-VPy) on poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membrane (PET TeMs) and use them after platinum layer sputtering in square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW-ASV) for detection of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+. Optimal conditions leading to functionalization of the surface and retention of the pore structure were found. Modified membranes were characterized by SEM, FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and colorimetric analysis. The dependence of the modification method on the sensitivity of the sensor was shown. Membrane modified with polyacrylic acid (PET TeMs-g-PAA), poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PET TeMs-g-P4VPy), and their copolymer (PET TeMs-g-P4VPy/PAA) with average grafting yield of 3% have been found to be sensitive to µg/L concentration of copper, lead, and cadmium ions. Limits of detection (LOD) for sensors based on PET TeMs-g-PAA are 2.22, 1.05, and 2.53 µg/L for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, respectively. LODs for sensors based on PET TeMs-g-P4VPy are 5.23 µg/L (Cu2+), 1.78 µg/L (Pb2+), and 3.64 µg/L (Cd2+) µg/L. PET TeMs-g-P4VPy/PAA electrodes are found to be sensitive with LODs of 0.74 µg/L(Cu2+), 1.13 µg/L (Pb2+), and 2.07 µg/L(Cd2+). Thus, it was shown that the modification of membranes by copolymers with carboxylic and amino groups leads to more accurate detection of heavy metal ions, associated with the formation of more stable complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V. Zdorovets
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str., 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.Y.); (Y.G.G.)
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Ural Federal University, Mira str. 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Correspondence: (M.V.Z.); (I.V.K.)
| | - Ilya V. Korolkov
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str., 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.Y.); (Y.G.G.)
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
- Correspondence: (M.V.Z.); (I.V.K.)
| | - Arman B. Yeszhanov
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str., 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.Y.); (Y.G.G.)
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
| | - Yevgeniy G. Gorin
- L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaev str., 5, Nur-Sultan 010008, Kazakhstan; (A.B.Y.); (Y.G.G.)
- The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ibragimov str., 1, Almaty 050032, Kazakhstan
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25
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Kunc F, Balhara V, Sun Y, Daroszewska M, Jakubek ZJ, Hill M, Brinkmann A, Johnston LJ. Quantification of surface functional groups on silica nanoparticles: comparison of thermogravimetric analysis and quantitative NMR. Analyst 2019; 144:5589-5599. [PMID: 31418443 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01080g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with evolved gas analysis-FT-IR has been examined as a potential method to study the functional group content for surface modified silica nanoparticles. A comparison with a quantitative solution NMR method based on analysis of groups released after dissolution of the silica matrix is used to provide benchmark data for comparison and to assess the utility and limitations of TGA. This study focused primarily on commercially available silicas and tested whether it was possible to use a correction based on bare silica to account for the significant mass loss that occurs due to condensation of surface hydroxyl groups and loss of matrix-entrapped components at temperatures above ∼200 °C. Although this approach has been used successfully in the literature for in-house prepared samples, it was problematic for commercial silicas prepared by the Stöber method. For these materials the agreement between estimates from qNMR and TGA mass loss was poor in many cases. However much better agreement was observed for samples for which the mass loss above 200 °C is relatively low, such as non-porous silica, or samples for which the mass fraction of functional group is large (e.g., high molecule weight groups or multilayers). FT-IR was useful in identifying the likely structure of the components lost from the surface at various temperatures and in some cases provided evidence of contaminants in the sample. Nevertheless, in other cases correlation of thermograms and FT-IR with NMR data was necessary, particularly for samples where multi-step modification of the silica surface results in incomplete functionalization that gives a mixture of products. Overall the results indicate that TGA provides reliable results for silicas of low porosity or those for which the functional group accounts for a significant fraction of the total sample mass. It is also suitable as a supplementary or screening technique to indicate the presence of coatings or covalent surface modification, prior to applying other techniques or for routine analyses where sensitivity is not critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kunc
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Vinod Balhara
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Ying Sun
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | | | | | - Myriam Hill
- New Substances Assessment & Control Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | | | - Linda J Johnston
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
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26
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Roloff A, Nirmalananthan-Budau N, Rühle B, Borcherding H, Thiele T, Schedler U, Resch-Genger U. Quantification of Aldehydes on Polymeric Microbead Surfaces via Catch and Release of Reporter Chromophores. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8827-8834. [PMID: 31188569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde moieties on 2D-supports or micro- and nanoparticles can function as anchor groups for the attachment of biomolecules or as reversible binding sites for proteins on cell surfaces. The use of aldehyde-based materials in bioanalytical and medical settings calls for reliable methods to detect and quantify this functionality. We report here on a versatile concept to quantify the accessible aldehyde moieties on particle surfaces through the specific binding and subsequent release of small reporter molecules such as fluorescent dyes and nonfluorescent chromophores utilizing acylhydrazone formation as a reversible covalent labeling strategy. This is representatively demonstrated for a set of polymer microparticles with different aldehyde labeling densities. Excess reporter molecules can be easily removed by washing, eliminating inaccuracies caused by unspecific adsorption to hydrophobic surfaces. Cleavage of hydrazones at acidic pH assisted by a carbonyl trap releases the fluorescent reporters rapidly and quasi-quantitatively and allows for their fluorometric detection at low concentration. Importantly, this strategy separates the signal-generating molecules from the bead surface. This circumvents common issues associated with light scattering and signal distortions that are caused by binding-induced changes in reporter fluorescence as well as quenching dye-dye interactions on crowded particle surfaces. In addition, we demonstrate that the release of a nonfluorescent chromophore via disulfide cleavage and subsequent quantification by absorption spectroscopy gives comparable results, verifying that both assays are capable of rapid and sensitive quantification of aldehydes on microbead surfaces. These strategies enable a quantitative comparison of bead batches with different functionalization densities, and a qualitative prediction of their coupling efficiencies in bioconjugations, as demonstrated in reductive amination reactions with Streptavidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Roloff
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan-Budau
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , D-14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Bastian Rühle
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Thomas Thiele
- PolyAn GmbH , Rudolf-Baschant-Straße 2 , D-13086 Berlin , Germany
| | - Uwe Schedler
- PolyAn GmbH , Rudolf-Baschant-Straße 2 , D-13086 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
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27
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Andresen E, Resch-Genger U, Schäferling M. Surface Modifications for Photon-Upconversion-Based Energy-Transfer Nanoprobes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5093-5113. [PMID: 30870593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An emerging class of inorganic optical reporters are near-infrared (NIR) excitable lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with multicolor emission and long luminescence lifetimes in the range of several hundred microseconds. For the design of chemical sensors and optical probes that reveal analyte-specific changes in their spectroscopic properties, these nanomaterials must be combined with sensitive indicator dyes that change their absorption and/or fluorescence properties selectively upon interaction with their target analyte, utilizing either resonance energy transfer (RET) processes or reabsorption-related inner filter effects. The rational development of UCNP-based nanoprobes for chemical sensing and imaging in a biological environment requires reliable methods for the surface functionalization of UCNPs, the analysis and quantification of surface groups, a high colloidal stability of UCNPs in aqueous media as well as the chemically stable attachment of the indicator molecules, and suitable instrumentation for the spectroscopic characterization of the energy-transfer systems and the derived nanosensors. These topics are highlighted in the following feature article, and examples of functionalized core-shell nanoprobes for the sensing of different biologically relevant analytes in aqueous environments will be presented. Special emphasis is placed on the intracellular sensing of pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Andresen
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Biophotonics Division, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
- Department of Chemistry , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute of Materials Research and Testing, Biophotonics Division, Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11 , D-12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Schäferling
- Münster University of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stegerwaldstr. 39 , D-48565 Steinfurt , Germany
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28
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Sun Y, Kunc F, Balhara V, Coleman B, Kodra O, Raza M, Chen M, Brinkmann A, Lopinski GP, Johnston LJ. Quantification of amine functional groups on silica nanoparticles: a multi-method approach. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:1598-1607. [PMID: 36132607 PMCID: PMC9417554 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00016j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface chemistry is an important factor for quality control during production of nanomaterials and for controlling their behavior in applications and when released into the environment. Here we report a comparison of four methods for quantifying amine functional groups on silica nanoparticles (NPs). Two colorimetric assays are examined, ninhydrin and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, which are convenient for routine analysis and report on reagent accessible amines. Results from the study of a range of commercial NPs with different sizes and surface loadings show that the assays account for 50-100% of the total amine content, as determined by dissolution of NPs under basic conditions and quantification by solution-state 1H NMR. To validate the surface quantification by the colorimetric assays, the NPs are modified with a trifluoromethylated benzaldehyde probe to enhance sensitivity for quantitative 19F solid state NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Good agreement between the assays and the determination from solid-state NMR is reinforced by elemental ratios from XPS, which indicate that in most cases the difference between total and accessible amine content reflects amines that are outside the depth probed by XPS. Overall the combined results serve to validate the relatively simple colorimetric assays and indicate that the reactions are efficient at quantifying surface amines, by contrast to some other covalent modifications that have been employed for functional group quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- National Research Council Canada Ottawa ON Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Filip Kunc
- National Research Council Canada Ottawa ON Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Vinod Balhara
- National Research Council Canada Ottawa ON Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Brian Coleman
- National Research Council Canada Ottawa ON Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Oltion Kodra
- National Research Council Canada Ottawa ON Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Mohammad Raza
- National Research Council Canada Ottawa ON Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Maohui Chen
- National Research Council Canada Ottawa ON Canada K1A 0R6
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29
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Nilam M, Ahmed M, Alnajjar MA, Hennig A. Characterization of mixed-ligand shells on gold nanoparticles by transition metal and supramolecular surface probes. Analyst 2019; 144:579-586. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an01181h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two simple colorimetric and fluorimetric methods to probe the surface of gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Nilam
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Mostafa Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Mohammad A. Alnajjar
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
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30
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Liu YC, Nau WM, Hennig A. A supramolecular five-component relay switch that exposes the mechanistic competition of dissociative versus associative binding to cucurbiturils by ratiometric fluorescence monitoring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14123-14126. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07165b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A putrescine derivative of aminomethyladamantane is established as a ditopic guest with two mutually exclusive binding sites for cucurbit[6]uril and cucurbit[7]uril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Cen Liu
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry
- Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH
- 28759 Bremen
- Germany
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31
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Zhang S, Domínguez Z, Assaf KI, Nilam M, Thiele T, Pischel U, Schedler U, Nau WM, Hennig A. Precise supramolecular control of surface coverage densities on polymer micro- and nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8575-8581. [PMID: 30568782 PMCID: PMC6253680 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein the controlled surface functionalization of micro- and nanoparticles by supramolecular host-guest interactions. Our idea is to exploit the competition of two high-affinity guests for binding to the surface-bound supramolecular host cucurbit[7]uril (CB7). To establish our strategy, surface azide groups were introduced to hard-sphere (poly)methylmethacrylate particles with a grafted layer of poly(acrylic acid), and a propargyl derivative of CB7 was coupled to the surface by click chemistry. The amount of surface-bound CB7 was quantified with the high-affinity guest aminomethyladamantane (AMADA), which revealed CB7 surface coverage densities around 0.3 nmol cm-2 indicative of a 3D layer of CB7 binding sites on the surface. The potential for surface functionalization was demonstrated with an aminoadamantane-labeled rhodamine (Ada-Rho) as a second high-affinity guest. Simultaneous incubation of CB7-functionalized particles with both high-affinity guests, AMADA and Ada-Rho, revealed a simple linear relationship between the resulting surface coverage densities of the model fluorescent dye and the mole fraction of Ada-Rho in the incubation mixture. This suggests a highly modular supramolecular strategy for the stable immobilization of application-relevant molecules on particle surfaces and a precise control of their surface coverage densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1 , D-28759 Bremen , Germany .
| | - Zoe Domínguez
- PolyAn GmbH , Rudolf-Baschant-Strasse 2 , D-13086 Berlin , Germany
| | - Khaleel I Assaf
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1 , D-28759 Bremen , Germany .
| | - Mohamed Nilam
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1 , D-28759 Bremen , Germany .
| | - Thomas Thiele
- CIQSO - Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Huelva , Campus de El Carmen , E-21071 Huelva , Spain
| | - Uwe Pischel
- PolyAn GmbH , Rudolf-Baschant-Strasse 2 , D-13086 Berlin , Germany
| | - Uwe Schedler
- CIQSO - Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry , Department of Chemistry , University of Huelva , Campus de El Carmen , E-21071 Huelva , Spain
| | - Werner M Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1 , D-28759 Bremen , Germany .
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry , Jacobs University Bremen , Campus Ring 1 , D-28759 Bremen , Germany .
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32
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Kunc F, Balhara V, Brinkmann A, Sun Y, Leek DM, Johnston LJ. Quantification and Stability Determination of Surface Amine Groups on Silica Nanoparticles Using Solution NMR. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13322-13330. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kunc
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Vinod Balhara
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Andreas Brinkmann
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Ying Sun
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Donald M. Leek
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Linda J. Johnston
- National Research Council Canada, Metrology Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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33
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34
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Choi RY, Lee CH, Jun CH. Coupling Reagent for UV/vis Absorbing Azobenzene-Based Quantitative Analysis of the Extent of Functional Group Immobilization on Silica. Org Lett 2018; 20:2972-2975. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ra-Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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35
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Moser M, Nirmalananthan N, Behnke T, Geißler D, Resch-Genger U. Multimodal Cleavable Reporters versus Conventional Labels for Optical Quantification of Accessible Amino and Carboxy Groups on Nano- and Microparticles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5887-5895. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Moser
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nithiya Nirmalananthan
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Geißler
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Wen CY, Sun JY. Quantitative Determination of the Carboxyl Groups on Individual Nanoparticles by Acid-Base Titrimetry. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Ying Wen
- College of Science; China University of Petroleum (East China); Qingdao 266580 P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Sun
- College of Science; China University of Petroleum (East China); Qingdao 266580 P. R. China
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37
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38
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Golshaei P, Güven O. Chemical modification of PET surface and subsequent graft copolymerization with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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39
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Attia MF, Dieng SM, Collot M, Klymchenko AS, Bouillot C, Serra CA, Schmutz M, Er-Rafik M, Vandamme TF, Anton N. Functionalizing Nanoemulsions with Carboxylates: Impact on the Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics in Mice. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F. Attia
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Strasbourg; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
- CNRS UMR 7199; Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives; équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
- National Research Center; P.O. 12622 Cairo Egypt
| | - Sidy M. Dieng
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Strasbourg; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
- CNRS UMR 7199; Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives; équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Strasbourg; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
- UMR CNRS 7213; Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie; équipe Nanochimie et Bioimagerie; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Strasbourg; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
- UMR CNRS 7213; Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie; équipe Nanochimie et Bioimagerie; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
| | | | | | - Marc Schmutz
- Institut Charles Sadron (ICS) UPR 22 CNRS; 67200 Strasbourg France
| | - Meriem Er-Rafik
- Institut Charles Sadron (ICS) UPR 22 CNRS; 67200 Strasbourg France
| | - Thierry F. Vandamme
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Strasbourg; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
- CNRS UMR 7199; Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives; équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Strasbourg; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
- CNRS UMR 7199; Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives; équipe de Pharmacie Biogalénique; 74 route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch Cedex France
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Stelmach E, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A. Copolymeric hexyl acrylate-methacrylic acid microspheres – surface vs. bulk reactive carboxyl groups. Coulometric and colorimetric determination and analytical applications for heterogeneous microtitration. Talanta 2016; 159:248-254. [PMID: 27474305 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Synthesis of highly carboxylated monodisperse polystyrene microspheres by dispersion polymerization in fluorinated alcohol. Macromol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-016-4093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moser M, Schneider R, Behnke T, Schneider T, Falkenhagen J, Resch-Genger U. Ellman's and Aldrithiol Assay as Versatile and Complementary Tools for the Quantification of Thiol Groups and Ligands on Nanomaterials. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8624-31. [PMID: 27373999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple, fast, and versatile methods for the quantification of thiol groups are of considerable interest not only for protein analysis but also for the characterization of the surface chemistry of nanomaterials stabilized with thiol ligands or bearing thiol groups for the subsequent (bio-) functionalization via maleimide-thiol chemistry. Here, we compare two simple colorimetric assays, the widely used Ellman's assay performed at alkaline pH and the aldrithiol assay executed at acidic and neutral pH, with respect to their potential for the quantification of thiol groups and thiol ligands on different types of nanoparticles like polystyrene nanoparticles, semiconductor nanocrystals (SC NC), and noble metal particles, and we derive criteria for their use. In order to assess the underlying reaction mechanisms and to obtain stoichiometry factors mandatory for reliable thiol quantification, both methods were studied photometrically and with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS), thereby demonstrating the influence of different thiols on the reaction mechanism. Our results underline the suitability of both methods for the quantification of directly accessible thiol groups or ligands on the surface of 2D- and 3D-supports, here exemplarily polystyrene nanoparticles. Moreover, we could derive strategies for the use of these simple assays for the determination of masked (i.e., not directly accessible) thiol groups like disulfides such as lipoic acid and thiol stabilizing ligands coordinatively bound to Cd and/or Hg surface atoms of II/VI and ternary SC NC and to gold and silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Moser
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Schneider
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Kong R, Xia L, Qu F. Cascade enzymatic catalysis in poly(acrylic acid) brushes-nanospherical silica for glucose detection. Talanta 2016; 155:265-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Grabolle M, Starke M, Resch-Genger U. Highly Fluorescent dye-nanoclay Hybrid Materials Made from Different Dye Classes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3506-13. [PMID: 27007448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanoclays like laponites, which are commercially avaible in large quantities for a very moderate price, provide a facile solubilization strategy for hydrophobic dyes without the need for chemical functionalization and can act as a carrier for a high number of dye molecules. This does not require reactive dyes, amplifies fluorescence signals from individual emitters due to the high number of dyes molecules per laponite disk, and renders hydrophobic emitters applicable in aqueous environments. Aiming at the rational design of bright dye-loaded nanoclays as a new class of fluorescent reporters for bioanalysis and material sciences and the identification of dye structure-property relationships, we screened a series of commercial fluorescent dyes, differing in dye class, charge, and character of the optical transitions involved, and studied the changes of their optical properties caused by clay adsorption at different dye loading concentrations. Upon the basis of our dye loading density-dependent absorption and fluorescence measurements with S2105 and Lumogen F Yellow 083, we could identify two promising dye-nanoclay hybrid materials that reveal high fluorescence quantum yields of the nanoclay-adsorbed dyes of at least 0.20 and low dye self-quenching even at high dye-loading densities of up to 50 dye molecules per laponite platelet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Grabolle
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marian Starke
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin , Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) , Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Quevedo PD, Behnke T, Resch-Genger U. Streptavidin conjugation and quantification-a method evaluation for nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4133-49. [PMID: 27038055 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at the development of validated protocols for protein conjugation of nanomaterials and the determination of protein labeling densities, we systematically assessed the conjugation of the model protein streptavidin (SAv) to 100-, 500-, and 1000-nm-sized polystyrene and silica nanoparticles and dye-encoded polymer particles with two established conjugation chemistries, based upon achievable coupling efficiencies and labeling densities. Bioconjugation reactions compared included EDC/sulfo NHS ester chemistry for direct binding of the SAv to carboxyl groups at the particle surface and maleimide-thiol chemistry in conjunction with heterobifunctional PEG linkers and aminated nanoparticles (NPs). Quantification of the total and functional amounts of SAv on these nanomaterials and unreacted SAv in solution was performed with the BCA assay and the biotin-FITC (BF) titration, relying on different signal generation principles, which are thus prone to different interferences. Our results revealed a clear influence of the conjugation chemistry on the amount of NP crosslinking, yet under optimized reaction conditions, EDC/sulfo NHS ester chemistry and the attachment via heterobifunctional PEG linkers led to comparably efficient SAv coupling and good labeling densities. Particle size can obviously affect protein labeling densities and particularly protein functionality, especially for larger particles. For unstained nanoparticles, direct bioconjugation seems to be the most efficient strategy, whereas for dye-encoded nanoparticles, PEG linkers are to be favored for the prevention of dye-protein interactions which can affect protein functionality specifically in the case of direct SAv binding. Moreover, an influence of particle size on achievable protein labeling densities and protein functionality could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Darío Quevedo
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Fischer T, Dietrich PM, Unger WES, Rurack K. Multimode Surface Functional Group Determination: Combining Steady-State and Time-Resolved Fluorescence with X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Absorption Measurements for Absolute Quantification. Anal Chem 2016; 88:1210-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fischer
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul M. Dietrich
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. S. Unger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Rurack
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und −prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
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Moser M, Behnke T, Hamers-Allin C, Klein-Hartwig K, Falkenhagen J, Resch-Genger U. Quantification of PEG-Maleimide Ligands and Coupling Efficiencies on Nanoparticles with Ellman’s Reagent. Anal Chem 2015; 87:9376-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Moser
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolina Hamers-Allin
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin Klein-Hartwig
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Soliman AIA, Ichii T, Utsunomiya T, Sugimura H. Chemical conversion of self-assembled hexadecyl monolayers with active oxygen species generated by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation in an atmospheric environment. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5678-5687. [PMID: 26081720 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV, λ = 172 nm) irradiation of alkyl self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in the presence of dry air alters their surface properties. In this work, UV photochemically prepared hexadecyl (HD)-SAMs on hydrogen-terminated silicon substrates were irradiated by VUV light in dry air, which generated active oxygen species upon excitation of the atmospheric oxygen molecules. These active oxygen species converted the terminal methyl groups of the SAMs to polar functional groups, which were examined quantitatively by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and chemical labeling. At the first stage of VUV irradiation, the surface of SAMs was functionalized, and the ratios of the generated polar functional groups markedly increased. With the elongation of the irradiation period, the SAMs gradually degraded, and the total polar group percentages gradually decreased. The difference between the oxygenated carbon components derived by the deconvolution of the XPS carbon (C1s) spectrum and the chemical labeling of polar groups revealed enormous quantities of ethereal and ester groups that cannot react with the labeling reagents but are included in the C1s spectral envelope. These modifications were reflected on morphological structures of SAMs, which were gradually distorted until a complete amorphous structure was obtained after the complete elimination of HD-SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I A Soliman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-hommachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Heo Y, Shin YM, Lee YB, Lim YM, Shin H. Effect of immobilized collagen type IV on biological properties of endothelial cells for the enhanced endothelialization of synthetic vascular graft materials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015. [PMID: 26196092 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of healthy endothelium onto vascular graft materials is imperative for prevention of intimal hyperplasia and thrombogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of collagen type IV (COL-IV) immobilized onto electrospun nanofibers on modulation of endothelial cell (EC) function, as a potential signal to rapid endothelialization of vascular grafts. COL-IV is assembled in basement membrane underneath intimal layer and regulates morphogenesis of blood vessels. For immobilization of COL-IV, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers (PL) were prepared as a model vascular graft substrate, onto which acrylic acid (AAc) was then grafted by using gamma-ray irradiation. AAc graft was dependent on irradiation doses and AAc concentrations, which allowed us to select the condition of 5% (v/v) AAc and 10 kGy for further conjugation of COL-IV. COL-IV immobilization was proportionally controlled as a function of its concentration. Atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis qualitatively supported immobilization of COL-IV, demonstrating increase in root mean square roughness of the PL from 665.37 ± 13.20 nm to 1440.74 ± 33.24. However, the Young's modulus of nanofibers was retained as approximately 1 MPa, regardless of surface modification. The number of ECs attached on the nanofibers with immobilized COL-IV was significantly increased by 5 times (1052 ± 138 cells/mm(2)) from pristine PL (234 ± 41 cells/mm(2)). In addition, the effect of immobilized COL-IV was profound for enhancing proliferation and up-regulation of markers implicated in rapid endothelialization. Collectively, our results suggest that COL-IV immobilized onto electrospun PLLA nanofibers may serve as a promising instructive cue used in vascular graft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhoe Heo
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Shin
- Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Gumgugil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Mook Lim
- Research Division for Industry and Environment, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Gumgugil, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Republic of Korea.
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