1
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Tantillo DJ. Quantum Chemical Interrogation of Reactions Promoted by Dirhodium Tetracarboxylate Catalysts─Mechanism, Selectivity, and Nonstatistical Dynamic Effects. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1931-1940. [PMID: 38920276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusRh2L4 catalysts have risen in popularity in the world of organic synthesis, being used to accomplish a variety of reactions, including C-H insertion and cyclopropanation, and often doing so with high levels of stereocontrol. While the mechanisms and origins of selectivity for such reactions have been examined with computational quantum chemistry for decades, only recently have detailed pictures of the dynamic behavior of reacting Rh2L4-complexed molecules become accessible. Our computational studies on Rh2L4 catalyzed reactions are described here, with a focus on C-H insertion reactions of Rh2L4-carbenes. Several issues complicate the modeling of these reactions, each providing an opportunity for greater understanding and each revealing issues that should be incorporated into future rational design efforts. First, the fundamental mechanism of C-H insertion is discussed. While early quantum chemical studies pointed to transition structures with 3-center [C-H-C] substructures and asynchronous hydride transfer/C-C bond formation, recent examples of reactions with particularly flat potential energy surfaces and even discrete zwitterionic intermediates have been found. These reactions are associated with systems bearing π-donating groups at the site of hydride transfer, allowing for an intermediate with a carbocation substructure at that site to be selectively stabilized. Second, the possible importance of solvent coordination at the Rh atom distal to the carbene is discussed. While effects on reactivity and selectivity were found to be small, they turn out not to be negligible in some cases. Third, it is shown that, in contrast to many other transition metal promoted reactions, many Rh2L4 catalyzed reactions likely involve dissociation of the Rh2L4 catalyst before key chemical steps leading to products. When to expect dissociation is associated with specific features of substrates and the product-forming reactions in question. Often, dissociation precedes transition structures for pericyclic reactions that involve electrons that would otherwise bind to Rh2L4. Finally, the importance of nonstatistical dynamic effects, characterized through ab initio molecular dynamics studies, in some Rh2L4 catalyzed reactions is discussed. These are reactions where transition structures are shown to be followed by flat regions, very shallow minima, and/or pathways that bifurcate, all allowing for trajectories from a single transition state to form multiple different products. The likelihood of encountering such a situation is shown to be associated again with the likelihood of formation of zwitterionic structures along reaction paths, but ones for which pathways to multiple products are expected to be associated with very low or no barriers. The connection between these features and reduced yields of desired products are highlighted, as are the means by which some Rh2L4 catalysts modulate dynamic behavior to produce particular products in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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2
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Zhang Y, Mi YH, Wang K, Zhao HW. α-Carbonyl Rh-Carbenoid Initiated Cascade Assembly of Diazobarbiturates with Alkylidene Pyrazolones for Synthesis of Spirofuropyrimidines. Molecules 2024; 29:3178. [PMID: 38999130 PMCID: PMC11243257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Catalyzed by Rh2(esp)2 (10 mol%) and (±)-BINAP (20 mol%) in DCE at 80 °C, the cascade assembly between diazobarbiturates and alkylidene pyrazolones proceeded readily and produced spiro-furopyrimidines in 38-96% chemical yields. The chemical structure of the prepared spirofuro-pyrimidines was firmly confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong-Wu Zhao
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-H.M.); (K.W.)
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3
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Farshadfar K, Hashemi A, Khakpour R, Laasonen K. Kinetics of N 2 Release from Diazo Compounds: A Combined Machine Learning-Density Functional Theory Study. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1106-1112. [PMID: 38222626 PMCID: PMC10785077 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Diazo compounds are commonly employed as carbene precursors in carbene transfer reactions during a variety of functionalization procedures. Release of N2 gas from diazo compounds may lead to carbene formation, and the ease of this process is highly dependent on the characteristics of the substituents located in the vicinity of the diazo moiety. A quantum mechanical density functional theory assisted by machine learning was used to investigate the relationship between the chemical features of diazo compounds and the activation energy required for N2 elimination. Our results suggest that diazo molecules, possessing a higher positive partial charge on the carbene carbon and more negative charge on the terminal nitrogen, encounter a lower energy barrier. A more positive C charge decreases the π-donor ability of the carbene lone pair to the π* orbital of N2, while the more negative N charge is a result of a weak interaction between N2 lone pair and vacant p orbital of the carbene. The findings of this study can pave the way for molecular engineering for the purpose of carbene generation, which serves as a crucial intermediate for many chemical transformations in synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry and Material
Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Arsalan Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Material
Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Reza Khakpour
- Department of Chemistry and Material
Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and Material
Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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4
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Ren Z, Musaev DG, Davies HML. Key Selectivity Controlling Elements in Rhodium-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization with Donor/Acceptor Carbenes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ren
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, 3002 Lantian Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China 518118
| | - Djamaladdin G. Musaev
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, 1521 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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Ilkin VG, Beryozkina TV, Willocx D, Silaichev PS, Veettil SP, Dehaen W, Bakulev VA. Rhodium-Catalyzed Transannulation of 4,5-Fused 1-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles with Nitriles. The Selective Formation of 1-Sulfonyl-4,5-fused Imidazoles versus Secondary C-H Bond Migration. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12274-12286. [PMID: 36049015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of readily available 4,5-fused-1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles was examined in the Rh(II)-catalyzed transannulation reaction with nitriles. We have come across the interesting observation that 1-sulfonyl cycloalkeno[d][1,2,3]triazoles that possess β-hydrogens resist intramolecular β-hydride migration and could serve as a new source of Rh-iminocarbenoids for intermolecular Rh(II)-catalyzed transannulation reactions. As a result, 1-sulfonyl cyclohexeno-, cyclohepteno-, dihydropyrano-, 5-phenyltetrahydrobenzo-, and 4,5-dihydronaphtho[d]imidazoles were synthesized from various nitriles in good yields. A one-pot methodology has also been executed for the synthesis of NH-imidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Ilkin
- Technology for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.,Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Tetyana V Beryozkina
- Technology for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Daan Willocx
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Pavel S Silaichev
- Technology for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Perm State University, 15 Bukireva Street, Perm 614990, Russia
| | - Santhini Pulikkal Veettil
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven B-3001, Belgium
| | - Vasiliy A Bakulev
- Technology for Organic Synthesis Department, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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6
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Zhukovsky D, Dar’in D, Bakulina O, Krasavin M. Preparation and Synthetic Applications of Five-to-Seven-Membered Cyclic α-Diazo Monocarbonyl Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27062030. [PMID: 35335391 PMCID: PMC8954351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of cyclic α-diazo monocarbonyl compounds differs from that of their acyclic counterparts. In this review, we summarize the current literature available on the synthesis and synthetic applications of three major classes of cyclic α-diazo monocarbonyl compounds: α-diazo ketones, α-diazo lactones and α-diazo lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Zhukovsky
- Research & Development Department, BratskChemSyntez LLC, PharmaSyntez Company, 5A/1 Kommunalnaya St., 665717 Bratsk, Russia;
| | - Dmitry Dar’in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (M.K.)
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7
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Dual-function enzyme catalysis for enantioselective carbon-nitrogen bond formation. Nat Chem 2021; 13:1166-1172. [PMID: 34663919 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral amines can be made by insertion of a carbene into an N-H bond using two-catalyst systems that combine a transition metal-based carbene-transfer catalyst and a chiral proton-transfer catalyst to enforce stereocontrol. Haem proteins can effect carbene N-H insertion, but asymmetric protonation in an active site replete with proton sources is challenging. Here we describe engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes that catalyse carbene N-H insertion to prepare biologically relevant α-amino lactones with high activity and enantioselectivity (up to 32,100 total turnovers, >99% yield and 98% e.e.). These enzymes serve as dual-function catalysts, inducing carbene transfer and promoting the subsequent proton transfer with excellent stereoselectivity in a single active site. Computational studies uncover the detailed mechanism of this new-to-nature enzymatic reaction and explain how active-site residues accelerate this transformation and provide stereocontrol.
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8
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Rebollar-Ramos D, Ovalle-Magallanes B, Palacios-Espinosa JF, Macías-Rubalcava ML, Raja HA, González-Andrade M, Mata R. α-Glucosidase and PTP-1B Inhibitors from Malbranchea dendritica. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:22969-22981. [PMID: 34514267 PMCID: PMC8427789 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An extract from a PDB static culture of Malbranchea dendritica exhibited α-glucosidase and PTP-1B inhibitory activities. Fractionation of the active extract led to the isolation of gymnoascolide A (1), a γ-butenolide, and xanthones sydowinin A (2), sydowinin B (3), and AGI-B4 (4), as well as orcinol (5). Compound 1 exhibited important inhibitory activity against yeast α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.556 ± 0.009 mM) in comparison to acarbose (IC50 = 0.403 ± 0.010 mM). Kinetic analysis revealed that 1 is a mixed-type inhibitor. Furthermore, compound 1 significantly reduced the postprandial peak in mice during a sucrose tolerance test at the doses of 5.16 and 10 mg/kg. Compound 1 was reduced with Pd/C to yield a mixture of enantiomers 1a and 1b; the mixture showed similar activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 0.396 ± 0.003 mM) and kinetic behavior as the parent compound but might possess better drug-likeness properties according to SwissADME and Osiris Property Explorer tools. Docking analysis with yeast α-glucosidase (pdb: 3A4A) and the C-terminal subunit of human maltase-glucoamylase (pdb: 3TOP) predicted that 1, 1a, and 1b bind to an allosteric site of the enzymes. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated against PTP-1B, but only xanthone 3 moderately inhibited in a noncompetitive fashion the enzyme with an IC50 of 0.081 ± 0.004 mM. This result was consistent with that of docking analysis, which revealed that 3 might bind to an allosteric site of the enzyme. From the inactive barley-based semisolid culture of M. dendritica, the natural pigment erythroglaucin (6) and the nucleosides deoxyadenosine (7), adenosine (8), thymidine (9), and uridine (10) were also isolated and identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rebollar-Ramos
- Facultad
de Química, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Francisco Palacios-Espinosa
- Departamento
de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas
y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma
Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
| | | | - Huzefa A. Raja
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, United States
| | - Martín González-Andrade
- Facultad
de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rachel Mata
- Facultad
de Química, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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9
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Zhao J, Ji S, Guo C, Li H, Dong J, Guo P, Wang D, Li Y, Toste FD. A heterogeneous iridium single-atom-site catalyst for highly regioselective carbenoid O–H bond insertion. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Kong L, Han X, Chen H, Sun H, Lan Y, Li X. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective Remote C–H Alkylation of Protic Indoles. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingheng Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Xi Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Haohua Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Huaming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Yu Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University (SNNU), Xi’an 710062, China
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11
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Merey G, Kubilay HN, Anac O. CuCl/AgSbF 6and Rh 2(OAc) 4Comparison for the Synthesis of N-O Tethered Three and Five Membered Rings via Diazo Chemistry. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gokce Merey
- Chemical Engineering Department, Hitit University Kuzey Campus, Corum 19030 Turkey
| | - H. Nur Kubilay
- Chemistry Department, Istanbul Technical University Ayazaga Campus, Maslak/Istanbul 34467 Turkey
| | - Olcay Anac
- Chemistry Department, Istanbul Technical University Ayazaga Campus, Maslak/Istanbul 34467 Turkey
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12
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Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zhao L, He C, Sun W, Duan C. Ir-Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework as a Dual Metallo- and Photocatalyst for Inert Alkyl C(sp 3) -H Bond Activation and Direct Functionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10925-10932. [PMID: 33625823 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation and transformation of inert alkyl C(sp3)-H bonds to obtain high-value fine chemicals by sustainable solar energy are of great significance. Herein, by incorporating IrIII-porphyrin into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to stabilize the highly active carbene, we reported a new approach to combining metallo- and photocatalysis to efficiently accelerate carbene migratory insertion and C-H bond activation via the radical coupling pathway for inert alkane functionalization. The in situ-formed carbene was restricted into the pores of MOFs to produce IrIII-carbene, allowing the first-time isolation and structural characterization of the IrIII-carbene intermediate which are not stabilized by a heteroatom. The product of the reaction, especially the cyclic ethers as substrates, suggested that the functionalization of the α position of the alkoxy group was favored. Additionally, the new approach could be extended to stabilize the metal carbene intermediates to realize C(sp3)-H bond alkylation and arylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Cheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Hrdina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus-Liebig University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Giessen Germany
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14
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Solovyev I, Eremeyeva M, Zhukovsky D, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. Cyclic diazo compounds in the construction of spirocyclic scaffolds. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Guranova N, Kantin G, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. Diazo Glutaconimides: an Unexplored Type of Heterocyclic α‐Diazocarbonyl Compounds Conveniently Evolved into Pyridine‐2,6(1
H
,3
H
)‐diones and Oxazolo[5,4‐
b
]pyridin‐5(4
H
)‐ones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Guranova
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University 26 Universitetskii prospekt Peterhof 198504 Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University 26 Universitetskii prospekt Peterhof 198504 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University 26 Universitetskii prospekt Peterhof 198504 Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University 26 Universitetskii prospekt Peterhof 198504 Russian Federation
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16
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Yang J, Wang G, Chen S, Ma B, Zhou H, Song M, Liu C, Huo C. Catalyst-free, visible-light-promoted S-H insertion reaction between thiols and α-diazoesters. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9494-9498. [PMID: 33180081 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted S-H insertion reaction between thiols and α-diazoesters was developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly at room temperature with a broad substrate scope, affording various thioethers in moderate to excellent yields. The catalyst- and additive-free nature, sustainable energy source and mild reaction conditions make this strategy more eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Ganggang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Shuwen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Ben Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China. and College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Menghui Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Cai Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Congde Huo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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17
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Wu W, Chen Z. Synthesis of 2,3-diiminoindolines and 2,3-diaminoindoles via copper-catalyzed donor-acceptor metallo carbenoid formation and hydrogenation reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Zippel C, Hassan Z, Nieger M, Bräse S. Design and Synthesis of a [2.2]Paracyclophane‐based Planar Chiral Dirhodium Catalyst and its Applications in Cyclopropanation Reaction of Vinylarenes with
α
‐Methyl‐
α
‐Diazo Esters. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zippel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- 3D Matter Made To Order – Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1 – 390761711)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki P. O. Box 55 00014 University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- 3D Matter Made To Order – Cluster of Excellence (EXC-2082/1 – 390761711)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems – FMSKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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19
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Zhou AZ, Chen K, Arnold FH. Enzymatic Lactone-Carbene C–H Insertion to Build Contiguous Chiral Centers. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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20
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Zhukovsky D, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. Rh2
(esp)2
-Catalyzed Coupling of α-Diazo-γ-butyrolactams with Aromatic Amines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Zhukovsky
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
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21
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Zhukovsky D, Dar'in D, Kantin G, Krasavin M. Synthetic Exploration of α-Diazo γ-Butyrolactams. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Zhukovsky
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University; 199034 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
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22
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Chen K, Huang X, Zhang SQ, Zhou AZ, Kan SBJ, Hong X, Arnold FH. Engineered Cytochrome c-Catalyzed Lactone-Carbene B-H Insertion. Synlett 2019; 30:378-382. [PMID: 30930550 PMCID: PMC6436545 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1611662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that variants of a heme protein, Rhodothermus marinus cytochrome c (Rma cyt c), catalyze abiological carbene boron-hydrogen (B-H) bond insertion with high efficiency and selectivity. Here we investigated this carbon-boron bondforming chemistry with cyclic, lactone-based carbenes. Using directed evolution, we obtained a Rma cyt c variant BOR LAC that shows high selectivity and efficiency for B-H insertion of 5- and 6-membered lactone carbenes (up to 24,500 total turnovers and 97.1:2.9 enantiomeric ratio). The enzyme shows low activity with a 7-membered lactone carbene. Computational studies revealed a highly twisted geometry of the 7membered lactone carbene intermediate relative to 5- and 6-membered ones. Directed evolution of cytochrome c together with computational characterization of key iron-carbene intermediates has allowed us to expand the scope of enzymatic carbene B-H insertion to produce new lactone-based organoborons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xiongyi Huang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31007, P. R. of China
| | - Andrew Z Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - S B Jennifer Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31007, P. R. of China
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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23
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López-Rodríguez A, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J. Ruthenium Catalyzed Rearrangement of Ene-cyclopropenes. Divergent Reaction Pathways. J Org Chem 2019; 84:924-933. [PMID: 30588814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of ene-cyclopropenes with Cp*RuCl(cod) leads to alkenyl bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes, and bicyclo[5.1.0]octanes. This reaction involves a reverse regioselectivity in the cyclopropene opening than with gold chlorides. With gem-disubstituted cyclopropenes, a novel cycloisomerization based on ring-opening nucleophilic attack and rearrangement is observed. Alternatively, some gem-disubstituted cyclopropenes give dimerizations of the intermediate carbene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto López-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Dpto. Química y Bioquímica , Universidad San Pablo CEU , Urb. Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Dpto. Química y Bioquímica , Universidad San Pablo CEU , Urb. Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Facultad de Farmacia, Dpto. Química y Bioquímica , Universidad San Pablo CEU , Urb. Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte , 28668 Madrid , Spain
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24
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Chen K, Zhang SQ, Brandenberg OF, Hong X, Arnold FH. Alternate Heme Ligation Steers Activity and Selectivity in Engineered Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Carbene-Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16402-16407. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Oliver F. Brandenberg
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 210-41, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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25
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Zhu D, Chen L, Zhang H, Ma Z, Jiang H, Zhu S. Highly Chemo- and Stereoselective Catalyst-Controlled Allylic C−H Insertion and Cyclopropanation Using Donor/Donor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12405-12409. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lianfen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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26
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Zhu D, Chen L, Zhang H, Ma Z, Jiang H, Zhu S. Highly Chemo- and Stereoselective Catalyst-Controlled Allylic C−H Insertion and Cyclopropanation Using Donor/Donor Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lianfen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - He Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering, of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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27
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Jia R, Meng J, Leng J, Yu X, Deng WP. Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Reaction of 1-Tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles with Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts: Synthesis of 3,4-Fused Pyrroles. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2360-2364. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renmeng Jia
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jiang Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jiaying Leng
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xingxin Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design; East China University of Science and Technology; 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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28
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Qi X, Li Y, Bai R, Lan Y. Mechanism of Rhodium-Catalyzed C-H Functionalization: Advances in Theoretical Investigation. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2799-2808. [PMID: 29112396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has emerged as an effective strategy for chemical synthesis. Within this area, direct C-H bond transformation is one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly processes for the construction of new C-C or C-heteroatom bonds. Over the past decades, rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization has attracted considerable attention because of the versatility and wide use of rhodium catalysts in chemistry. A series of C-X (X = C, N, or O) bond formation reactions could be realized from corresponding C-H bonds using rhodium catalysts. Various experimental studies on rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions have been reported, and in tandem, mechanistic and computational studies have also progressed significantly. Since 2012, our group has performed theoretical studies to reveal the mechanism of rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions. We have studied the changes in the oxidation state of rhodium and compared the Rh(I)/Rh(III) catalytic cycle to the Rh(III)/Rh(V) catalytic cycle using density functional theory calculation. The development of advanced computational methods and improvements in computing power make theoretical calculation a powerful tool for the mechanistic study of rhodium chemistry. Computational study is able to not only provide mechanistic insights but also explain the origin of regioselectivity, enantioselectivity, and stereoselectivity in rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions. This Account summarizes our computational work on rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions. The mechanistic study under discussion is divided into three main parts: C-H bond cleavage step, transformation of the C-Rh bond, and regeneration of the active catalyst. In the C-H bond cleavage step, computational results of four possible mechanisms, including concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD), oxidative addition (OA), Friedel-Crafts-type electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr), and σ-complex assisted metathesis (σ-CAM) are discussed. Subsequent transformation of the C-Rh bond, for example, via insertion of CO, olefin, alkyne, carbene, or nitrene, constructs new C-C or C-heteroatom bonds. For the regeneration of the active catalyst, reductive elimination of a high-valent rhodium complex and protonation of the C-Rh bond are emphasized as potential mechanism candidates. In addition to detailing the reaction pathway, the regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity of rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions are also commented upon in this Account. The origin of the selectivity is clarified through theoretical analysis. Furthermore, we summarize and compare the changes in the oxidation state of rhodium along the complete reaction pathway. The work described in this Account demonstrates that rhodium catalysis might proceed via Rh(I)/Rh(III), Rh(II)/Rh(IV), Rh(III)/Rh(V), or non-redox-Rh(III) catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yingzi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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29
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Shih JL, Jansone-Popova S, Huynh C, May JA. Synthesis of azasilacyclopentenes and silanols via Huisgen cycloaddition-initiated C-H bond insertion cascades. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7132-7137. [PMID: 29147544 PMCID: PMC5637360 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03130k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual transition metal-free cascade reaction of alkynyl carbonazidates was discovered to form azasilacyclopentenes. Mild thermolysis afforded the products via a series of cyclizations, rearrangements, and an α-silyl C-H bond insertion (rather than the more common Wolff rearrangement, 1,2-shift, or β-silyl C-H insertion) to form silacyclopropanes. A mechanistic proposal for the sequence was informed by control experiments and the characterization of reaction intermediates. The substrate scope and post-cascade transformations were also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Le Shih
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Fleming Building Room 112, 3585 Cullen Blvd , Houston , TX 77204-5003 , USA .
| | - Santa Jansone-Popova
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Fleming Building Room 112, 3585 Cullen Blvd , Houston , TX 77204-5003 , USA .
| | - Christopher Huynh
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Fleming Building Room 112, 3585 Cullen Blvd , Houston , TX 77204-5003 , USA .
| | - Jeremy A May
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Fleming Building Room 112, 3585 Cullen Blvd , Houston , TX 77204-5003 , USA .
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30
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Synthesis of Benzodihydrofurans by Asymmetric C−H Insertion Reactions of Donor/Donor Rhodium Carbenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:11843-11855. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Su N, Deng T, Wink DJ, Driver TG. Achieving Site Selectivity in Metal-Catalyzed Electron-Rich Carbene Transfer Reactions from N-Tosylhydrazones. Org Lett 2017; 19:3990-3993. [PMID: 28718284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naijing Su
- Department of Chemistry, University at Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Tianning Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University at Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Donald J. Wink
- Department of Chemistry, University at Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Tom G. Driver
- Department of Chemistry, University at Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation,
College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei
Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People’s Republic of China
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32
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Meng J, Wen M, Zhang S, Pan P, Yu X, Deng WP. Unexpected O–H Insertion of Rhodium-Azavinylcarbenes with N-Acylhydrazones: Divergent Synthesis of 3,6-Disubstituted- and 3,5,6-Trisubstituted-1,2,4-Triazines. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1676-1687. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Min Wen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peiwen Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xingxin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design & School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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33
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Bonderoff SA, Padwa A. Polycyclic Ring Formation Using Bis-diazolactams for Cascade Stitching. J Org Chem 2016; 82:642-651. [PMID: 27976898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemoselective reaction of donor/acceptor (D/A) and acceptor/acceptor (A/A) diazo moieties in the same molecule was examined using 3-diazo-1-(ethyl 2-diazomalonyl)indolin-2-one under rhodium(II) catalysis. The metallo carbenoid derived from the D/A diazo group is preferentially formed and undergoes selective CH, NH, and OH insertion reactions, cyclopropanation, cyclopropenation, sulfur ylide formation/2,3-sigmatropic rearrangement, as well as nitrogen ylide formation followed by azetidine ring expansion. The initial reaction can be paired with a subsequent tandem cascade sequence involving dipole formation/cycloaddition in either an intra- or intermolecular sense to generate polycyclic N-heterocycles in one pot, with the formation up to three new rings in a single operation. Excellent diastereoselectivity was observed in the intramolecular cycloaddition reaction producing 5 to 7-membered rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Bonderoff
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Albert Padwa
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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34
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Rej S, Majumdar M, Kando S, Sugino Y, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Mixed Ligated Tris(amidinate)dimolybdenum Complexes as Catalysts for Radical Addition of CCl4 to 1-Hexene: Leaving Ligand Lability Controls Catalyst Activity. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:634-644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Rej
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shun Kando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sugino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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35
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McCabe SR, Wipf P. Eight‐Step Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Cycloclavine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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36
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McCabe SR, Wipf P. Eight-Step Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (-)-Cycloclavine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:324-327. [PMID: 27860203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-cycloclavine was accomplished in 8 steps and 7.1 % overall yield. Key features include the first catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation of allene, mediated by the dirhodium catalyst Rh2 (S-TBPTTL)4 , and the enone 1,2-addition of a new TEMPO carbamate methyl carbanion. An intramolecular strain-promoted Diels-Alder methylenecyclopropane (IMDAMC) reaction provided a pivotal tricyclic enone intermediate with more than 99 % ee after crystallization. The synthesis of (-)-1 was completed by a late-stage intramolecular Diels-Alder furan (IMDAF) cycloaddition to install the indole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R McCabe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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37
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Enantio-and diastereoselective desymmetrization of α-alkyl-α-diazoesters by dirhodium(II)-catalyzed intramolecular C–H insertion. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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DeAngelis A, Panish R, Fox JM. Rh-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reactions of α-Alkyl-α-Diazo Carbonyl Compounds with Selectivity over β-Hydride Migration. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:115-27. [PMID: 26689221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rh-carbenes derived from α-diazocarbonyl compounds have found broad utility across a remarkable range of reactivity, including cyclopropanation, cyclopropenation, C-H insertions, heteroatom-hydrogen insertions, and ylide forming reactions. However, in contrast to α-aryl or α-vinyl-α-diazocarbonyl compounds, the utility of α-alkyl-α-diazocarbonyl compounds had been moderated by the propensity of such compounds to undergo intramolecular β-hydride migration to give alkene products. Especially challenging had been intermolecular reactions involving α-alkyl-α-diazocarbonyl compounds. This Account discusses the historical context and prior limitations of Rh-catalyzed reactions involving α-alkyl-α-diazocarbonyl compounds. Early studies demonstrated that ligand and temperature effects could influence chemoselectivity over β-hydride migration. However, effects were modest and conflicting conclusions had been drawn about the influence of sterically demanding ligands on β-hydride migration. More recent advances have led to a more detailed understanding of the reaction conditions that can promote intermolecular reactivity in preference to β-hydride migration. In particular, the use of bulky carboxylate ligands and low reaction temperatures have been key to enabling intermolecular cyclopropenation, cyclopropanation, carbonyl ylide formation/dipolar cycloaddition, indole C-H functionalization, and intramolecular bicyclobutanation with high chemoselectivity over β-hydride migration. Cyclic α-diazocarbonyl compounds have been shown to be particularly resilient toward β-hydride migration and are the first class of compounds that can engage in intermolecular reactivity in the presence of tertiary β-hydrogens. DFT calculations were used to propose that for cyclic α-diazocarbonyl compounds, ring constraints relieve steric interaction for intermolecular reactions and thereby accelerate the rate of intermolecular reactivity relative to intramolecular β-hydride migration. Enantioselective reactions of α-alkyl-α-diazocarbonyl compounds have been developed using bimetallic N-imido-tert-leucinate-derived complexes. The most effective complexes were found by computation and X-ray crystallography to adopt a "chiral crown" conformation in which all of the imido groups are presented on one face of the paddlewheel complex in a chiral arrangement. Insight from computational studies guided the design and synthesis of a mixed ligand paddlewheel complex, Rh2(S-PTTL)3TPA, the structure of which bears similarity to the chiral crown complex Rh2(S-PTTL)4. Rh2(S-PTTL)3TPA engages substrate classes (aliphatic alkynes, silylacetylenes, α-olefins) that are especially challenging in intermolecular reactions of α-alkyl-α-diazoesters and catalyzes enantioselective cyclopropanation, cyclopropenation, and indole C-H functionalization with yields and enantioselectivities that are comparable or superior to Rh2(S-PTTL)4. The work detailed in this Account describes progress toward enabling a more general utility for α-alkyl-α-diazo compounds in Rh-catalyzed carbene reactions. Further studies on ligand design and synthesis will continue to broaden the scope of their selective reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew DeAngelis
- DuPont
Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Robert Panish
- Brown
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joseph M. Fox
- Brown
Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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Thomas TJ, Merritt BA, Lemma BE, McKoy AM, Nguyen T, Swenson AK, Mills JL, Coleman MG. Cyclopropenation of internal alkynylsilanes and diazoacetates catalyzed by copper(i) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:1742-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Copper(i) N-heterocyclic carbene (CuNHC) complexes are effective catalysts for the cyclopropenation of internal alkynylsilanes and diazoacetates compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Thomas
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Benjamin A. Merritt
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Betsegaw E. Lemma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Adina M. McKoy
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Tri Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Andrew K. Swenson
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Mills
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Michael G. Coleman
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Rochester
- USA
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40
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Thumar N, Wei Q, Hu W. Recent Advances in Asymmetric Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer from Diazo Compounds Toward Molecular Complexity. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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41
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Meng J, Ding X, Yu X, Deng WP. Synthesis of 2,5-epoxy-1,4-benzoxazepines via rhodium(II)-catalyzed reaction of 1-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and salicylaldehydes. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Lin Y, Zhu L, Lan Y, Rao Y. Development of a Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Chemoselective C(sp3)H Oxygenation. Chemistry 2015; 21:14937-42. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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43
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Panish R, Selvaraj R, Fox JM. Rh(II)-Catalyzed Reactions of Diazoesters with Organozinc Reagents. Org Lett 2015; 17:3978-81. [PMID: 26241081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rh(II)-catalyzed reactions of diazoesters with organozinc reagents are described. Diorganozinc reagents participate in reactions with diazo compounds by two distinct, catalyst-dependent mechanisms. With bulky diisopropylethyl acetate ligands, the reaction mechanism is proposed to involve initial formation of a Rh-carbene and subsequent carbozincation to give a zinc enolate. With Rh2(OAc)4, it is proposed that initial formation of an azine precedes 1,2-addition by an organozinc reagent. This straightforward route to the hydrazone products provides a useful method for preparing chiral quaternary α-aminoesters or pyrazoles via the Paul-Knorr condensation with 1,3-diketones. Crossover and deuterium labeling experiments provide evidence for the mechanisms proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Panish
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ramajeyam Selvaraj
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Brown Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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44
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Medvedev JJ, Nikolaev VA. Recent advances in the chemistry of Rh carbenoids: multicomponent reactions of diazocarbonyl compounds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Sperger T, Sanhueza IA, Kalvet I, Schoenebeck F. Computational Studies of Synthetically Relevant Homogeneous Organometallic Catalysis Involving Ni, Pd, Ir, and Rh: An Overview of Commonly Employed DFT Methods and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Rev 2015. [PMID: 26207572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Italo A Sanhueza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Indrek Kalvet
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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46
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Xie Q, Song XS, Qu D, Guo LP, Xie ZZ. DFT Study on the Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization of Indoles: Enol versus Oxocarbenium Ylide. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Shuang Song
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deyu Qu
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Guo
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Xie
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
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47
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Lee DJ, Yoo EJ. Efficient Synthesis of C–N-Coupled Heterobiaryls by Sequential N–H Functionalization Reactions. Org Lett 2015; 17:1830-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jin Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Yoo
- Department
of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea
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48
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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49
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Xia Y, Xia Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Wang J. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of diazo compounds and vinyl boronic acids: an approach to 1,3-diene compounds. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7711-7. [PMID: 25019414 DOI: 10.1021/jo5012703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of vinyl boronic acids and cyclic α-diazocarbonyl compounds has been reported. The reaction constitutes an efficient method for the synthesis of 1,3-diene compounds bearing a ring structure. Mechanistically, the reaction involves migratory insertion of palladium carbene as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamu Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao 266042, China
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50
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Alford JS, Davies HML. Mild Aminoacylation of Indoles and Pyrroles through a Three-Component Reaction with Ynol Ethers and Sulfonyl Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:10266-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5058967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. Alford
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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