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Ahmad M, Nawaz T, Hussain I, Chen X, Imran M, Hussain R, Assiri MA, Ali S, Wu Z. Phosphazene Cyclomatrix Network-Based Polymer: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28694-28707. [PMID: 36033672 PMCID: PMC9404196 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes are an inorganic molecular hybrid family with multifunctional properties due to their wide range of organic substitutes. This review intends to propose the basics of the synthetic chemistry of polyphosphazene, describing for researchers outside the field the basic knowledge required to design and prepare polyphosphazenes with desired properties. A special emphasis is placed on recent advances in chemical synthesis, which allow not only the synthesis of polyphosphazenes with controlled molecular weights and polydispersities but also the synthesis of novel branched designs and block copolymers. We also investigated the synthesis of polyphosphazenes using various functional materials. This review aims to assist researchers in synthesizing their specific polyphosphazene material with unique property combinations, with the hope of stimulating further research and even more innovative applications for these highly interesting multifaceted materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tehseen Nawaz
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xi Chen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Division
of Science and Technology, University of
Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafqat Ali
- Department
of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan
University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- State
Key
Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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2
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Maier M, Klopf J, Glasmacher C, Fantuzzi F, Bachmann J, Ayhan O, Koner A, Engels B, Helten H. Electrophilic activation of difunctional aminoboranes: B-N coupling versus intramolecular Cl/Me exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4464-4467. [PMID: 35293910 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00976e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of an N-silyl-B-chloro-aminoborane with substoichio-metric quantities of Me3SiOTf afforded B-N coupling, whereas activation with 5 mol% of Ag[Al{OC(CF3)3}4] led to Cl/Me exchange between the boron and the silicon center. Combined experimental and computational studies of the latter process support a chain reaction that is initiated by nucleation-limited chloride abstraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Maier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jonas Klopf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Clemens Glasmacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. .,Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jonas Bachmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ozan Ayhan
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Abhishek Koner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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3
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Hsu W, Csaba N, Alexander C, Garcia‐Fuentes M. Polyphosphazenes for the delivery of biopharmaceuticals. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Hsin Hsu
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation School of PharmacyUniversity of Nottingham UK
| | - Noemi Csaba
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation School of PharmacyUniversity of Nottingham UK
| | - Marcos Garcia‐Fuentes
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS)Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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4
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Functional Polymeric Materials Based on Main‐Group Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5846-5870. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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5
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Funktionelle polymere Materialien auf der Basis von Hauptgruppen‐Elementen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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6
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Chen L, Rawe BW, Adachi K, Gates DP. Phosphorus-Containing Block Copolymers from the Sequential Living Anionic Copolymerization of a Phosphaalkene with Methyl Methacrylate. Chemistry 2018; 24:18012-18019. [PMID: 30426585 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although living polymerization methods are widely applicable to organic monomers, their application to inorganic monomers is rare. For the first time, we show that the living poly(methylenephosphine) (PMPn - ) anion can function as a macroinitiator for olefins. Specifically, the phosphaalkene, MesP=CPh2 (PA), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) can be sequentially copolymerized using the BnLi-TMEDA initiator system in toluene. A series of PMPn -b-PMMAm copolymers with narrow dispersities are accessible (Đ=1.05-1.10). Analysis of the block copolymers provided evidence for -P-CPh2 -CH2 -CMe(CO2 Me)- switching groups. Importantly, this indicates that the -P-CPh2 - anion directly initiates the anionic polymerization of MMA and stands in stark contrast to the isomerization mechanism followed for the homopolymerization of PA. For the first time, the glass transition of a PMPn homopolymer has been measured (Tg =45.1 °C, n=20). The PMPn -b-PMMAm copolymers do not phase separate and show a single Tg which increases with higher PMMA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leixing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin W Rawe
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada
| | - Kaoru Adachi
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Derek P Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada
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Carriedo GA, de la Campa R, Soto AP. Polyphosphazenes - Synthetically Versatile Block Copolymers (“Multi-Tool”) for Self-Assembly. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabino A. Carriedo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Raquel de la Campa
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Oviedo; Julián Clavería s/n 33006 Oviedo Spain
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8
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Ayhan O, Riensch NA, Glasmacher C, Helten H. Cyclolinear Oligo- and Poly(iminoborane)s: The Missing Link in Inorganic Main-Group Macromolecular Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:5883-5894. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Ayhan
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Nicolas A. Riensch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Clemens Glasmacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
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9
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Khan RU, Wang L, Yu H, Zain-ul-Abdin, Akram M, Wu J, Haroon M, Ullah RS, Deng Z, Xia X. Recent progress in the synthesis of poly(organo)phosphazenes and their applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Klaehn JR, Rollins HW, McNally JS, Arulsamy N, Dufek EJ. Phosphoranimines containing cationic N-imidazolinium moieties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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11
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Schwedtmann K, Hennersdorf F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Fischer R, Weigand JJ. Isolation of Azadiphosphiridines and Diphosphenimines by Cycloaddition of Azides and a Cationic Diphosphene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6218-6222. [PMID: 28489265 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The polarized, cationic diphosphene [(Cl ImDipp )P=P(Dipp)]+ as the triflate salt 7[OTf](Cl ImDipp =4,5-dichloro-1,3-bis(Dipp)-imidazol-2-yl; Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) reacts with azides of type RN3 (R=Dipp or Dmp; Dmp=2,5-dimethylphenyl) in a [2+3] cycloaddition reaction followed by the release of N2 and a subsequent electrocyclic ring-closing reaction to azadiphosphiridine salts [(Cl ImDipp )P-P(Dipp)-N(R)]10a,b[OTf] (R=Dipp or Dmp). The reaction of 7[X] (X=OTf, GaCl4 ) with the electron-rich azides Me3 SiN3 and NaN3 give the unusual diphosphenimine derivatives [(Cl ImDipp )P-P(Dipp)=N(SiMe3 )]+ (11[OTf]) and [(Cl ImDipp )P-P(Dipp)=N(GaCl3 )] (12), respectively, featuring an acyclic P2 N moiety. Theoretical calculations provide insights into the reaction mechanisms to the cyclic and acyclic forms, in which the thermodynamic stability of the latter prevents the electrocyclic ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwedtmann
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Roland Fischer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, TU Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Schwedtmann K, Hennersdorf F, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Fischer R, Weigand JJ. Isolation of Azadiphosphiridines and Diphosphenimines by Cycloaddition of Azides and a Cationic Diphosphene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwedtmann
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry; 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry; Universitat de les Illes Balears; Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Roland Fischer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; TU Graz; 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry; TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry; 01062 Dresden Germany
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13
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Synthesis and thermal reactivity of a Me 3 N-stabilized cyclic (alkyl)(amino)oxophosphonium ion. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Henke H, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Branched Macromolecular Architectures for Degradable, Multifunctional Phosphorus-Based Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Straße 69 4040 Linz Austria
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15
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Rothemund S, Teasdale I. Preparation of polyphosphazenes: a tutorial review. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:5200-15. [PMID: 27314867 PMCID: PMC5048340 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00340k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Poly(organo)phosphazenes are a family of inorganic molecular hybrid polymers with very diverse properties due to the vast array of organic substituents possible. This tutorial review aims to introduce the basics of the synthetic chemistry of polyphosphazenes, detailing for readers outside the field the essential knowledge required to design and prepare polyphosphazenes with desired properties. A particular focus is given to some of the recent advances in their chemical synthesis which allows not only the preparation of polyphosphazenes with controlled molecular weights and polydispersities, but also novel branched architectures and block copolymers. We also discuss the preparation of supramolecular structures, bioconjugates and in situ forming gels from this diverse family of functional materials. This tutorial review aims to equip the reader to prepare defined polyphosphazenes with unique property combinations and in doing so we hope to stimulate further research and yet more innovative applications for these highly interesting multifaceted materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rothemund
- NanoScience Technology Center , University of Central Florida , 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400 , Orlando , FL 32826 , USA
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry , Johannes Kepler University , Altenberger Strasse 69 , 4040 Linz , Austria .
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16
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Wilfert S, Henke H, Schoefberger W, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Chain-end-functionalized polyphosphazenes via a one-pot phosphine-mediated living polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1135-41. [PMID: 24700544 PMCID: PMC4115175 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A simple polymerization of trichlorophosphoranimine (Cl3 P = N-SiMe3 ) mediated by functionalized triphenylphosphines is presented. In situ initiator formation and the subsequent polymerization progress are investigated by (31) P NMR spectroscopy, demonstrating a living cationic polymerization mechanism. The polymer chain lengths and molecular weights of the resulting substituted poly(organo)phosphazenes are further studied by (1) H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. This strategy facilitates the preparation of polyphosphazenes with controlled molecular weights and specific functional groups at the α-chain end. Such well-defined, mono-end-functionalized polymers have great potential use in bioconjugation, surface modification, and as building blocks for complex macromolecular constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wilfert
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzWelser Straße 42, Leonding, A-4060, Austria
| | - Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzWelser Straße 42, Leonding, A-4060, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schoefberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Straße 69, Linz, A-4040, Austria
- Faculty of Science, University of South BohemiaBranisˇovská 31, Cˇeské Budeˇjovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzWelser Straße 42, Leonding, A-4060, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University LinzWelser Straße 42, Leonding, A-4060, Austria
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17
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Wilfert S, Iturmendi A, Henke H, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Thermoresponsive Polyphosphazene-Based Molecular Brushes by Living Cationic Polymerization. MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA 2014; 337:116-123. [PMID: 24926189 PMCID: PMC4050288 DOI: 10.1002/masy.201450314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of polyphosphazenes with molecular brush type structures have been prepared with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. The polymers show lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) between 18 and 90 °C, which can be easily tailored by choice of side-substituent to suit the required application. A temperature triggered self-assembly is observed to give stable colloidal aggregates with dimensions in the region of 100-300 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wilfert
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Welser Strasse 42, 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Welser Strasse 42, 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Welser Strasse 42, 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Welser Strasse 42, 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Welser Strasse 42, 4060 Leonding, Austria
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18
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Dielmann F, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Bertrand G. Crystalline, Lewis Base-Free, Cationic Phosphoranimines (Iminophosphonium Salts). J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14071-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dielmann
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States
| | - Curtis E. Moore
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research
Chemistry Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0343, United States
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19
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Henke H, Wilfert S, Iturmendi A, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Branched Polyphosphazenes with Controlled Dimensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 51:4467-4473. [PMID: 24729656 DOI: 10.1002/pola.26865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using living cationic polymerization, a series of polyphosphazenes is prepared with precisely controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. As well as varying chain length through the use of a living polymerization, amine-capped polyalkylene oxide (Jeffamine) side chains with varied lengths are grafted to the polymer backbone to give a series of polymers with varied dimensions. Dynamic light scattering and size exclusion chromatography are used to confirm the preparation of polymers with a variety of controlled dimensions and thus hydrodynamic volumes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the number of arms per repeat unit, and thus the density of branching, can also be further increased from two to four through using a one-pot thiolactone conversion of the Jeffamines, followed by thiol-yne addition to the polyphosphazene backbone. These densely branched, molecular brush-type polymers on a biodegradable polyphosphazene backbone all show excellent aqueous solubility and have potential in drug-delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Sandra Wilfert
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4060, Leonding, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4060, Leonding, Austria
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20
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Teasdale I, Brüggemann O. Polyphosphazenes: Multifunctional, Biodegradable Vehicles for Drug and Gene Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2013; 5:161-187. [PMID: 24729871 PMCID: PMC3982046 DOI: 10.3390/polym5010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly[(organo)phosphazenes] are a unique class of extremely versatile polymers with a range of applications including tissue engineering and drug delivery, as hydrogels, shape memory polymers and as stimuli responsive materials. This review aims to divulge the basic principles of designing polyphosphazenes for drug and gene delivery and portray the huge potential of these extremely versatile materials for such applications. Polyphosphazenes offer a number of distinct advantages as carriers for bioconjugates; alongside their completely degradable backbone, to non-toxic degradation products, they possess an inherently and uniquely high functionality and, thanks to recent advances in their polymer chemistry, can be prepared with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities, as well as self-assembled supra-molecular structures. Importantly, the rate of degradation/hydrolysis of the polymers can be carefully tuned to suit the desired application. In this review we detail the recent developments in the chemistry of polyphosphazenes, relevant to drug and gene delivery and describe recent investigations into their application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4060, Leonding, Austria;
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, 4060, Leonding, Austria;
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Yokozawa T, Ohta Y. Scope of controlled synthesis via chain-growth condensation polymerization: from aromatic polyamides to π-conjugated polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8281-310. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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