1
|
Meredith NY, Borsley S, Smolyar IV, Nichol GS, Baker CM, Ling KB, Cockroft SL. Dissecting Solvent Effects on Hydrogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206604. [PMID: 35608961 PMCID: PMC9400978 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The experimental isolation of H-bond energetics from the typically dominant influence of the solvent remains challenging. Here we use synthetic molecular balances to quantify amine/amide H-bonds in competitive solvents. Over 200 conformational free energy differences were determined using 24 H-bonding balances in 9 solvents spanning a wide polarity range. The correlations between experimental interaction energies and gas-phase computed energies exhibited wild solvent-dependent variation. However, excellent correlations were found between the same computed energies and the experimental data following empirical dissection of solvent effects using Hunter's α/β solvation model. In addition to facilitating the direct comparison of experimental and computational data, changes in the fitted donor and acceptor constants reveal the energetics of secondary local interactions such as competing H-bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y. Meredith
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Stefan Borsley
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Ivan V. Smolyar
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| | - Christopher M. Baker
- SyngentaJealott's Hill International Research CentreBracknell, BerkshireRG42 6EYUK
| | - Kenneth B. Ling
- SyngentaJealott's Hill International Research CentreBracknell, BerkshireRG42 6EYUK
| | - Scott L. Cockroft
- EaStCHEM School of ChemistryUniversity of EdinburghJoseph Black Building, David Brewster RoadEdinburghEH9 3FJUK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meredith NY, Borsley S, Smolyar IV, Nichol GS, Baker CM, Ling KB, Cockroft SL. Dissecting Solvent Effects on Hydrogen Bonding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y. Meredith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Stefan Borsley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Ivan V. Smolyar
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Christopher M. Baker
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Kenneth B. Ling
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY UK
| | - Scott L. Cockroft
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Serrano‐Molina D, Juan A, González‐Rodríguez D. Dinucleoside‐Based Macrocycles Displaying Unusually Large Chelate Cooperativities. CHEM REC 2020; 21:480-497. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Serrano‐Molina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Juan
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - David González‐Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem) Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Motloch P, Hunter CA. Quantification of cooperativity in the self-assembly of H-bonded rosettes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1602-1606. [PMID: 32065206 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of triaminopyrimidines with barbiturates and with cyanates was investigated in chloroform solution. Equimolar mixtures of two complementary components form stable macrocyclic 3 : 3 complexes (rosettes). The thermodynamics of self-assembly were quantified by using 1H NMR titrations to measure the strength of pairwise H-bonding interactions between two rosette components (K), allosteric cooperativity associated with formation of a second H-bonding interaction with each component, and the effective molarity for cyclisation of the rosette motif (EM). Pyrimidine-cyanurate interactions are an order of magnitude more favourable than pyrimidine-barbiturate interactions, so the cyanurate rosettes are significantly more stable than barbiturate rosettes. There is no allosteric cooperativity associated with rosette formation, but the chelate cooperativity quantified by the product K EM is exceptionally high (102-104), indicating that there are no other species present that compete with rosette assembly. The values of EM for rosette formation are approximately 2 M for all four rosettes studied and are not affected by differences in peripheral substituents or intrinsic H-bond strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Motloch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Berry SN, Qin L, Lewis W, Jolliffe KA. Conformationally adaptable macrocyclic receptors for ditopic anions: analysis of chelate cooperativity in aqueous containing media. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7015-7022. [PMID: 33250974 PMCID: PMC7690315 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02533j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of chelate cooperativity on the binding of several ditopic anions to two tetrathiourea macrocycles has been analysed in competitive solvent mixtures (H2O : DMSO 1 : 9 v/v). The semi-flexible receptors bind dicarboxylates with high affinity dependent on the length and flexibility of the guest. Chemical double mutant cycle (DMC) analysis allowed the chelate cooperativity effects to be measured in detail and revealed both positive and negative cooperativity effects which were dependent on guest size, flexibility and spacer interactions between guest and macrocycle. 1H NMR and crystallographic studies confirmed the macrocycle hosts are adaptable, changing conformation to match their pore size to a selected guest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart N Berry
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia .
| | - Lei Qin
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia .
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry , The University of Sydney , NSW 2006 , Australia .
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
He C, Christensen PR, Seguin TJ, Dailing EA, Wood BM, Walde RK, Persson KA, Russell TP, Helms BA. Conformational Entropy as a Means to Control the Behavior of Poly(diketoenamine) Vitrimers In and Out of Equilibrium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:735-739. [PMID: 31614053 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Control of equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermomechanical behavior of poly(diketoenamine) vitrimers is shown by incorporating linear polymer segments varying in molecular weight (MW) and conformational degrees of freedom into the dynamic covalent network. While increasing MW of linear segments yields a lower storage modulus at the rubbery plateau after softening above the glass transition (Tg ), both Tg and the characteristic time of stress relaxation are independently governed by the conformational entropy of the embodied linear segments. Activation energies for bond exchange in the solid state are lower for networks incorporating flexible chains; the network topology freezing temperature decreases with increasing MW of flexible linear segments but increases with increasing MW of stiff segments. Vitrimer reconfigurability is therefore influenced not only by the energetics of bond exchange for a given network density, but also the entropy of polymer chains within the network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changfei He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center, for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University, of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peter R Christensen
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Trevor J Seguin
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eric A Dailing
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Brandon M Wood
- Graduate Group of Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Rebecca K Walde
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center, for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University, of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
He C, Christensen PR, Seguin TJ, Dailing EA, Wood BM, Walde RK, Persson KA, Russell TP, Helms BA. Conformational Entropy as a Means to Control the Behavior of Poly(diketoenamine) Vitrimers In and Out of Equilibrium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changfei He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center, for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University, of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Peter R. Christensen
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Trevor J. Seguin
- Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Eric A. Dailing
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Brandon M. Wood
- Graduate Group of Applied Science and Technology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Rebecca K. Walde
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Kristin A. Persson
- Materials Science and Engineering Department University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center, for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University, of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA
| | - Brett A. Helms
- The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hudspith L, Shmam F, Dalton CF, Princivalle A, Turega SM. Neurotransmitter selection by monoamine oxidase isoforms, dissected in terms of functional groups by mixed double mutant cycles. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8871-8877. [PMID: 31556440 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01558b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Double mutant cycles were constructed using neurotransmitters and synthetic substrates that measure their selective binding to one monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme isoform over another as a function of structural change. This work measures a reduction in selectivity for the MAOB isoform of 3 to 9.5 kJ mol-1 upon the addition of hydroxy functional groups to a phenethylamine scaffold. Replacement of hydroxy functional groups on the phenethylamine scaffold by hydrophobic substituents measures an increase in selectivity for MAOB of -1.1 to -6.9 kJ mol-1. The strategies presented here can be applied to the development of competitive reversible inhibitors of MAO enzymes and other targets with structurally related isoforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hudspith
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wan QH, Wang X, Chen L. Inverse Mixed-Mode Chromatography for the Evaluation of Multivalency and Cooperativity of Host-Guest Complexation in Porous Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10405-10411. [PMID: 31337217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new separation-based analytical method was developed to evaluate the multivalency and cooperativity of supramolecular host-guest complexation in porous materials. The method is based on inverse mixed-mode chromatography in which a porous material with a multivalent functional group is packed into a column and bound with a complementary guest molecule to form a multivalent complex. The bound guest molecules are eluted in the mobile phase and detected by appropriate methods such as UV absorption. The retention factor of the guest molecule is determined and broken down into the contributions of noncovalent interactions between binding sites (e.g., hydrophobic and ionic components), thereby calculating the effective molarity and cooperativity factor of the complexation. Two model systems denoted as RP/SCX and RP/SAX were analyzed by the established method. On average, the RP/SCX system has an effective molarity (EM) of 0.14 M and a cooperativity factor (β) of 0.86, while the RP/SAX system has an EM value of 0.18 M and a β value of 2.3. Interestingly, experiments have shown that these values do not change with changes in the intrinsic binding strength of the constituent sites. In summary, the developed method allows for quantitative assessment of multivalency and cooperativity effects in porous materials, providing a valuable complement to the analytical toolbox for supramolecular chemists and materials scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hong Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xiaohuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Tianjin 300072 , China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ye L, Fang Y, Ou Z, Wang L, Xue S, Lu Y, Kadish KM. Axial coordination reactions with nitrogenous bases and determination of equilibrium constants for zinc tetraarylporphyrins containing four β,β′-fused butano and benzo groups in nonaqueous media. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The axial coordination properties of six zinc tetraarylporphyrins with seven different nitrogenous bases were examined in CH2Cl2 for derivatives containing four [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text]-fused butano or benzo groups and the equilibrium constants (log[Formula: see text] determined using spectral titration methods. The examined compounds are represented as butano(YPh)4PorZn and benzo(YPh)4PorZn, where Por is the porphyrin dianion and Y is a CH3, H or Cl substituent on the para-position of each meso-phenyl ring of the macrocycle. The initial four-coordinate butano- and benzoporphyrins will axially bind one nitrogenous base to form five-coordinate derivatives in CH2Cl2 and this leads to a 4–22 nm red-shift of the Soret and Q bands. The log[Formula: see text] values range from 1.98 to 4.69 for butano(YPh)4PorZn and from 3.42 to 5.36 for benzo(YPh)4PorZn, with the exact value depending upon the meso and [Formula: see text]-substituents of the porphyrin and the conjugate acid dissociation constants (p[Formula: see text] of the nitrogenous base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ye
- College of Computer, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Songlin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- College of Computer, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, P. R. China
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aparicio F, Mayoral MJ, Montoro-García C, González-Rodríguez D. Guidelines for the assembly of hydrogen-bonded macrocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7277-7299. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights selected examples on the synthesis of hydrogen-bonded macrocycles from ditopic molecules and analyze the main factors, often interrelated, that influence the equilibrium between ring and chain species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Aparicio
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials (MSMn) group
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
| | - M. J. Mayoral
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials (MSMn) group
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
| | - C. Montoro-García
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials (MSMn) group
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
| | - D. González-Rodríguez
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials (MSMn) group
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hewson SW, Mullen KM. Understanding coordination equilibria in solution and gel-phase [2]rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8569-8578. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02304b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An active-metal template approach has been use to synthesise solution and surface bound addressable [2]rotaxanes giving unique insights into thermodynamic equilibria in interlocked structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. Hewson
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Kathleen M. Mullen
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Henkel S, Misuraca MC, Ding Y, Guitet M, Hunter CA. Enhanced Chelate Cooperativity in Polar Solvents. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6675-6681. [PMID: 28467069 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput UV-vis titrations in combination with chemical double-mutant cycles (DMCs) have been used to study the competition of a polar solvent for formation of intramolecular H-bonds. Twenty-four different zinc porphyrin-pyridine complexes were investigated in mixtures of toluene and phenol. DMCs were used to determine effective molarities (EM) for the formation of intramolecular phenol-amide H-bonds as a function of solvent composition. The values of EM increase by an order of magnitude with increasing concentrations of the more polar solvent, phenol. Phenol solvates the amide groups on the ligands strongly, increasing the steric bulk and destabilizing the complexes. These adverse steric interactions are removed when intramolecular H-bonds are formed and therefore provide an increased driving force for formation of cooperative interactions. The result is that the effects of competitive interactions with polar solvents that reduce binding affinity are attenuated to a significant extent by a corresponding increase in EM in multivalent complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Henkel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | | | - Yudi Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Maxime Guitet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Núñez-Villanueva D, Iadevaia G, Stross AE, Jinks MA, Swain JA, Hunter CA. H-Bond Self-Assembly: Folding versus Duplex Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6654-6662. [PMID: 28470070 PMCID: PMC5469522 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Linear oligomers equipped with complementary H-bond donor (D) and acceptor (A) sites can interact via intermolecular H-bonds to form duplexes or fold via intramolecular H-bonds. These competing equilibria have been quantified using NMR titration and dilution experiments for seven systems featuring different recognition sites and backbones. For all seven architectures, duplex formation is observed for homo-sequence 2-mers (AA·DD) where there are no competing folding equilibria. The corresponding hetero-sequence AD 2-mers also form duplexes, but the observed self-association constants are strongly affected by folding equilibria in the monomeric states. When the backbone is flexible (five or more rotatable bonds separating the recognition sites), intramolecular H-bonding is favored, and the folded state is highly populated. For these systems, the stability of the AD·AD duplex is 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the corresponding AA·DD duplex. However, for three architectures which have more rigid backbones (fewer than five rotatable bonds), intramolecular interactions are not observed, and folding does not compete with duplex formation. These systems are promising candidates for the development of longer, mixed-sequence synthetic information molecules that show sequence-selective duplex formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Núñez-Villanueva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Giulia Iadevaia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Alexander E. Stross
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Michael A. Jinks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Jonathan A. Swain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
von Krbek LKS, Achazi AJ, Schoder S, Gaedke M, Biberger T, Paulus B, Schalley CA. The Delicate Balance of Preorganisation and Adaptability in Multiply Bonded Host-Guest Complexes. Chemistry 2017; 23:2877-2883. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa K. S. von Krbek
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas J. Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Schoder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marius Gaedke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Tobias Biberger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
von Krbek LKS, Schalley CA, Thordarson P. Assessing cooperativity in supramolecular systems. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2622-2637. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this tutorial review, different aspects of cooperativity in supramolecular chemistry and their thermodynamic analysis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry
- The Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- University of New South Wales
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hubbard TA, Brown AJ, Bell IAW, Cockroft SL. The Limit of Intramolecular H-Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15114-15117. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alisdair J. Brown
- Afton Chemical Limited, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2UW, U.K
| | - Ian A. W. Bell
- Afton Chemical Limited, London Road, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 2UW, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
von Krbek LKS, Achazi AJ, Solleder M, Weber M, Paulus B, Schalley CA. Allosteric and Chelate Cooperativity in Divalent Crown Ether/Ammonium Complexes with Strong Binding Enhancement. Chemistry 2016; 22:15475-15484. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa K. S. von Krbek
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Organische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas J. Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Organische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marthe Solleder
- Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB); Takustr. 7 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marcus Weber
- Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB); Takustr. 7 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Organische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Organische Chemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stross AE, Iadevaia G, Hunter CA. Mix and match recognition modules for the formation of H-bonded duplexes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5686-5691. [PMID: 30034707 PMCID: PMC6022071 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01884j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric molecules equipped with complementary H-bond recognition sites form stable duplexes in non-polar solvents. The use of a single H-bond between a good H-bond donor and a good H-bond acceptor as the recognition motif appended to a non-polar backbone leads to an architecture with interchangeable recognition alphabets. The interactions of three different families of H-bond acceptor oligomers (pyridine, pyridine N-oxide or phosphine oxide recognition module) with a family of H-bond donor oligomers (phenol recognition module) are compared. All three donor-acceptor combinations form stable duplexes, where the stability of the 1 : 1 complex increases with increasing numbers of recognition modules. The effective molarity for formation of intramolecular H-bonds that lead to zipping up of the duplex (EM) increases with decreasing flexibility of the recognition modules: 14 mM for the phosphine oxides which are connected to the backbone via a flexible linker; 40 mM for the pyridine N-oxides which have three fewer degrees of torsional freedom, and 80 mM for the pyridines where the geometry of the H-bond is more directional. However, the pyridine-phenol H-bond is an order of magnitude weaker than the other two types of H-bond, so overall the pyridine N-oxides form the most stable duplexes with the highest degree of cooperativity. The results show that it is possible to use different recognition motifs with the same duplex architecture, and this makes it possible to tune overall stabilities of the complexes by varying the components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Stross
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Giulia Iadevaia
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
On the basis of many literature measurements, a critical overview is given on essential noncovalent interactions in synthetic supramolecular complexes, accompanied by analyses with selected proteins. The methods, which can be applied to derive binding increments for single noncovalent interactions, start with the evaluation of consistency and additivity with a sufficiently large number of different host-guest complexes by applying linear free energy relations. Other strategies involve the use of double mutant cycles, of molecular balances, of dynamic combinatorial libraries, and of crystal structures. Promises and limitations of these strategies are discussed. Most of the analyses stem from solution studies, but a few also from gas phase. The empirically derived interactions are then presented on the basis of selected complexes with respect to ion pairing, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic contributions, halogen bonding, π-π-stacking, dispersive forces, cation-π and anion-π interactions, and contributions from the hydrophobic effect. Cooperativity in host-guest complexes as well as in self-assembly, and entropy factors are briefly highlighted. Tables with typical values for single noncovalent free energies and polarity parameters are in the Supporting Information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Biedermann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Schneider
- FR Organische Chemie der Universität des Saarlandes , D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ahmad M, Helms V, Kalinina OV, Lengauer T. The Role of Conformational Changes in Molecular Recognition. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2138-44. [PMID: 26901699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conformational changes of molecules are crucial elements in many biochemical processes, and also in molecular recognition. Here, we present a novel exact mathematical equation for the binding free energy of a receptor-ligand pair. It shows that the energetic contribution due to conformational changes upon molecular recognition is defined by the so-called Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between the probability distributions of the conformational ensemble of the biomolecule in the bound and free states. We show that conformational changes always contribute positively to the change in free energy and therefore disfavor the association process. Using the example of ligands binding to a flexible cavity of T4 lysozyme, we illustrate that, due to enthalpy-entropy compensation, the conformational entropy is a misleading quantity for assessing the conformational contribution to the binding free energy, in contrast to the KL divergence, which is the correct quantity to use in this context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Ahmad
- Department for Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics , Campus E1 4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University , Campus E2 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Olga V Kalinina
- Department for Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics , Campus E1 4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thomas Lengauer
- Department for Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics , Campus E1 4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Iadevaia G, Stross AE, Neumann A, Hunter CA. Mix and match backbones for the formation of H-bonded duplexes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1760-1767. [PMID: 28936325 PMCID: PMC5592378 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04467g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of well-defined supramolecular assemblies involves competition between intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which is quantified by effective molarity. Formation of a duplex between two oligomers equipped with recognition sites displayed along a non-interacting backbone requires that once one intermolecular interaction has been formed, all subsequent interactions take place in an intramolecular sense. The efficiency of this process is governed by the geometric complementarity and conformational flexibility of the backbone linking the recognition sites. Here we report a series of phosphine oxide H-bond acceptor AA 2-mers and phenol H-bond donor DD 2-mers, where the two recognition sites are connected by isomeric backbone modules that vary in geometry and flexibility. All AA and DD combinations form stable AA·DD duplexes, where two cooperative H-bonds lead to an increase in stability of an order of magnitude compared with the corresponding A·D complexes that can only form one H-bond. For all six possible backbone combinations, the effective molarity for duplex formation is approximately constant (7-20 mM). Thus strict complementarity and high degrees of preorganisation are not required for efficient supramolecular assembly. Provided there is some flexibility, quite different backbone modules can be used interchangeably to construct stable H-bonded duplexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Iadevaia
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Alexander E Stross
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Anja Neumann
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF , UK
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mayoral MJ, Bilbao N, González‐Rodríguez D. Hydrogen-Bonded Macrocyclic Supramolecular Systems in Solution and on Surfaces. ChemistryOpen 2016; 5:10-32. [PMID: 27308207 PMCID: PMC4906493 DOI: 10.1002/open.201500171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclization into closed assemblies is the most recurrent approach to realize the noncovalent synthesis of discrete, well-defined nanostructures. This review article particularly focuses on the noncovalent synthesis of monocyclic hydrogen-bonded systems that are self-assembled from a single molecule with two binding-sites. Taking advantage of intramolecular binding events, which are favored with respect to intermolecular binding in solution, can afford quantitative amounts of a given supramolecular species under thermodynamic control. The size of the assembly depends on geometric issues such as the monomer structure and the directionality of the binding interaction, whereas the fidelity achieved relies largely on structural preorganization, low degrees of conformational flexibility, and templating effects. Here, we discuss several examples described in the literature in which cycles of different sizes, from dimers to hexamers, are studied by diverse solution or surface characterization techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María J. Mayoral
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials GroupDepartamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Nerea Bilbao
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials GroupDepartamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - David González‐Rodríguez
- Nanostructured Molecular Systems and Materials GroupDepartamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Motloch P, Hunter C. Thermodynamic Effective Molarities for Supramolecular Complexes. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
25
|
Equilibrium Effective Molarity As a Key Concept in Ring-Chain Equilibria, Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry, Cooperativity and Self-assembly. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
26
|
Liu H, Tu JQ, Zhang CH, Xiao QT, Wang TH, Ju XL. Selective complexation of di-n-hexylammonium salts by tailed porphyrin host. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj00045b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A di-n-hexylammonium ion was selectively encapsulated in the cavity of tailed porphyrins due to induced fit and lipophilic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430073
- P. R. China
| | - Ji-Qiang Tu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430073
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Hua Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- North Sichuan Medical College
- Nanchong 637007
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Ting Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430073
- P. R. China
| | - Tian-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430073
- P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Lian Ju
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430073
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Favereau L, Cnossen A, Kelber JB, Gong JQ, Oetterli RM, Cremers J, Herz LM, Anderson HL. Six-Coordinate Zinc Porphyrins for Template-Directed Synthesis of Spiro-Fused Nanorings. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:14256-9. [PMID: 26536147 PMCID: PMC4686216 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Five-coordinate
geometry is the standard binding mode of zinc porphyrins
with pyridine ligands. Here we show that pseudo-octahedral six-coordinate
zinc porphyrin complexes can also be formed in solution, by taking
advantage of the chelate effect. UV–vis–NIR titrations
indicate that the strength of this second coordination is ca. 6–8
kJ mol–1. We have used the formation of six-coordinate
zinc porphyrin complexes to achieve the template-directed synthesis
of a 3D π-conjugated spiro-fused array of 11 porphyrin units,
covalently connected in a nontrivial topology. Time-resolved fluorescence
anisotropy experiments show that electronic excitation delocalizes
between the two perpendicular nanorings of this spiro-system within
the experimental time-resolution of 270 fs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Favereau
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Arjen Cnossen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Julien B Kelber
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Juliane Q Gong
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - René M Oetterli
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Cremers
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Herz
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stross AE, Iadevaia G, Hunter CA. Cooperative duplex formation by synthetic H-bonding oligomers. Chem Sci 2015; 7:94-101. [PMID: 29861969 PMCID: PMC5950798 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible phenol-phosphine oxide oligomers show promise as a new class of synthetic information molecule.
A series of flexible oligomers equipped with phenol H-bond donors and phosphine oxide H-bond acceptors have been synthesised using reductive amination chemistry. H-bonding interactions between complementary oligomers leads to the formation of double-stranded complexes which were characterised using NMR titrations and thermal denaturation experiments. The stability of the duplex increases by one order of magnitude for every H-bonding group added to the chain. Similarly, the enthalpy change for duplex assembly and the melting temperature for duplex denaturation both increase with increasing chain length. These observations indicate that H-bond formation along the oligomers is cooperative despite the flexible backbone, and the effective molarity for intramolecular H-bond formation (14 mM) is sufficient to propagate the formation of longer duplexes using this approach. The product K EM, which is used to quantify chelate cooperativity is 5, which means that each H-bond is more than 80% populated in the assembled duplex. The modular design of these oligomers represents a general strategy for the design of synthetic information molecules that could potentially encode and replicate chemical information in the same way as nucleic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Stross
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Giulia Iadevaia
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Leigh
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie T. McTernan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alina
L. Nussbaumer
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sun H, Guo K, Gan H, Li X, Hunter CA. Influence of receptor flexibility on intramolecular H-bonding interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:8053-66. [PMID: 26131620 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00805k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atropisomers of a series of zinc tetraphenyl porphyrins were synthesized and used as supramolecular receptors. Rotation around the porphyrin-meso phenyl bonds is restricted by installing ortho-chlorine substituents on the phenyl groups. The chlorine substituents allowed chromatographic separation of atropisomers, which did not interconvert at room temperature. The porphyrin meso phenyl groups were also equipped with phenol groups, which led to the formation of intramolecular H-bonds when the zinc porphyrins were bound to pyridine ligands equipped with ester or amide side arms. Binding of the pyridine ligands with the conformationally locked chloroporphyrins was compared with the corresponding unsubstituted porphyrins, which are more flexible. The association constants of 150 zinc porphyrin-pyridine complexes were measured in two different solvents, toluene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE). These association constants were then used to construct 120 chemical double mutant cycles to quantify the influence of chlorine substitution on the free energy of intramolecular H-bonds formed between the phenol side arms of the porphyrins and the ester or amide side arms of the pyridine ligands. Conformational restriction leads to increases in the stability of some complexes and decreases in the stability of others with variations in the free energy contribution due to intramolecular H-bonding of -5 to +6 kJ mol(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oh J, Yoon H, Sung YM, Kang P, Choi MG, Jang WD, Kim D. Modulation of Axial-Ligand Binding and Releasing Processes onto the Triazole-Bearing Nickel(II) Picket-Fence Porphyrins: Steric Repulsion versus Hydrogen-Bonding Effects. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7053-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems
and Department of Chemistry, ‡Biopolymer Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, and §Molecular Structure
Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Hongsik Yoon
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems
and Department of Chemistry, ‡Biopolymer Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, and §Molecular Structure
Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Young Mo Sung
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems
and Department of Chemistry, ‡Biopolymer Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, and §Molecular Structure
Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Philjae Kang
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems
and Department of Chemistry, ‡Biopolymer Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, and §Molecular Structure
Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Moon-Gun Choi
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems
and Department of Chemistry, ‡Biopolymer Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, and §Molecular Structure
Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems
and Department of Chemistry, ‡Biopolymer Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, and §Molecular Structure
Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems
and Department of Chemistry, ‡Biopolymer Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, and §Molecular Structure
Laboratory and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Montoro-García C, Camacho-García J, López-Pérez AM, Bilbao N, Romero-Pérez S, Mayoral MJ, González-Rodríguez D. High-Fidelity Noncovalent Synthesis of Hydrogen-Bonded Macrocyclic Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
33
|
Montoro-García C, Camacho-García J, López-Pérez AM, Bilbao N, Romero-Pérez S, Mayoral MJ, González-Rodríguez D. High-Fidelity Noncovalent Synthesis of Hydrogen-Bonded Macrocyclic Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6780-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
34
|
Sun H, Hunter CA, Llamas EM. The flexibility-complementarity dichotomy in receptor-ligand interactions. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1444-1453. [PMID: 29560233 PMCID: PMC5811160 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03398a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic supramolecular complexes provide an opportunity for quantitative systematic exploration of the relationship between chemical structure and molecular recognition phenomena. A family of closely related zinc porphyrin-pyridine complexes was used to examine the interplay of conformational flexibility and geometric complementarity in determining the selectivity of molecular recognition events. The association constants of 48 zinc porphyrin-pyridine complexes were measured in two different solvents, toluene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE). These association constants were used to construct 32 chemical double mutant cycles to dissect the free energy contributions of intramolecular H-bonds between the phenol side arms of the porphyrins and the ester or amide side arms of the pyridine ligands. Effective molarities (EM) for the intramolecular interactions were determined by comparison with the corresponding intermolecular H-bonding interactions. The values of EM do not depend on the solvent and are practically identical for amide and ester H-bond acceptors located at the same site on the ligand framework. However, there are variations of an order of magnitude in EM depending on the flexibility of the linker used to connect the H-bond acceptors to the pyridine ligands. Rigid aromatic linkers give values of EM that are an order of magnitude higher than the values of EM for the corresponding ester linkers, which have one additional torsional degree of freedom. However, the most flexible ether linkers give values of EM that are also higher than the values of EM for the corresponding ester linkers, which have one less torsional degree of freedom. Although the penalty for conformational restriction on binding is higher for the more flexible ether linkers, this flexibility allows optimization of the geometric complementarity of the ligand for the receptor, so there is a trade off between preorganization and fit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Sun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF , UK .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , UK
| | - Eva Marina Llamas
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Z, Huang X, Chen F, Zhang C, Wang X, Jiao N. Cu-Catalyzed Concise Synthesis of Pyridines and 2-(1H)-Pyridones from Acetaldehydes and Simple Nitrogen Donors. Org Lett 2015; 17:584-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol5035996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Paffen TFE, Ercolani G, de Greef TFA, Meijer EW. Supramolecular Buffering by Ring–Chain Competition. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1501-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sun H, Navarro C, Hunter CA. Influence of non-covalent preorganization on supramolecular effective molarities. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4981-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Formation of H-bonding interactions, which restrict the conformational mobility of a flexible linker, have no effect on chelate cooperativity in a family of porphyrin-pyridine complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
| | - Cristina Navarro
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ciaccia M, Tosi I, Baldini L, Cacciapaglia R, Mandolini L, Di Stefano S, Hunter CA. Applications of dynamic combinatorial chemistry for the determination of effective molarity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:144-151. [PMID: 28553463 PMCID: PMC5424495 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new strategy for determining thermodynamic effective molarities (EM) for macrocylisation reactions using dynamic combinatorial chemistry under dilute conditions is presented. At low concentrations, below the critical value, Dynamic Libraries (DLs) of bifunctional building blocks contain only cyclic species, so it is not possible to quantify the equilibria between linear and cyclic species. However, addition of a monofunctional chain stopper can be used to promote the formation of linear oligomers allowing measurement of EM for all cyclic species present in the DL. The effectiveness of this approach was demonstrated for DLs generated from mixtures of 1,3-diimine calix[4]arenes, linear diaminoalkanes and monoaminoalkanes. For macrocycles deriving from one bifunctional calixarene and one diamine, there is an alternating pattern of EM values with the number of methylene units in the diamine: odd numbers give significantly higher EMs than even numbers. For odd numbers of methylene units, the alkyl chain can adopt an extended all anti conformation, whereas for even numbers of methylene units, gauche conformations are required for cyclisation, and the associated strain reduces EM. The value of EM for the five-carbon linker indicates that this macrocycle is a strainless ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ciaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK
| | - Irene Tosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 , Parma , Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 , Parma , Italy
| | - Roberta Cacciapaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
| | - Luigi Mandolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica and IMC/CNR , Università La Sapienza , P.le A. Moro 5 , 00185 Rome , Italy .
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK .
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Di Stefano S, Cacciapaglia R, Mandolini L. Supramolecular Control of Reactivity and Catalysis - Effective Molarities of Recognition-Mediated Bimolecular Reactions. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
40
|
Liu P, Neuhaus P, Kondratuk DV, Balaban TS, Anderson HL. Cyclodextrin-Templated Porphyrin Nanorings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
41
|
Liu P, Neuhaus P, Kondratuk DV, Balaban TS, Anderson HL. Cyclodextrin-templated porphyrin nanorings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7770-3. [PMID: 24916813 PMCID: PMC4298808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
α- and β-Cyclodextrins have been used as scaffolds for the synthesis of six- and seven-legged templates by functionalizing every primary CH2OH with a 4-pyridyl moiety. Although these templates are flexible, they are very effective for directing the synthesis of macrocyclic porphyrin oligomers consisting of six or seven porphyrin units. The transfer of chirality from the cyclodextrin templates to their nanoring hosts is evident from NMR and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Surprisingly, the mean effective molarity for binding the flexible α-cyclodextrin-based template within the six-porphyrin nanoring (74 m) is almost as high as for the previously studied rigid hexadentate template (180 m). The discovery that flexible templates are effective in this system, and the availability of a template with a prime number of binding sites, open up many possibilities for the template-directed synthesis of larger macrocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Patrik Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - Dmitry V Kondratuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford OX1 3TA (UK)
| | - T Silviu Balaban
- Aix Marseille Université, ISM2, CNRS UMR 7313Service 442, Ave Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille CEDEX 20 (France)
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxford OX1 3TA (UK)
- [*] P. Liu, Dr. P. Neuhaus, Dr. D. V. Kondratuk, Prof. H. L. Anderson Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA (UK) E-mail: Homepage: http://hla.chem.ox.ac.uk/
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Turega S, Cullen W, Whitehead M, Hunter CA, Ward MD. Mapping the Internal Recognition Surface of an Octanuclear Coordination Cage Using Guest Libraries. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8475-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ja504269m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Turega
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - William Cullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Martina Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Michael D. Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yang L, Zhu M, Liu Y, Lu W, Zhou Y, Bian Y. Chiral dinaphthylporphyrin with C2 symmetry: synthesis, resolution, and enantio-discrimination by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
44
|
Jinks MA, Sun H, Hunter CA. Measurement of supramolecular effective molarities for intramolecular H-bonds in zinc porphyrin–imidazole complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1440-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
45
|
Palladium-Catalyzed Polyfluorophenylation of Porphyrins with Bis(polyfluorophenyl)zinc Reagents. Catalysts 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/catal3040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
46
|
Goryanova B, Goldman LM, Amyes TL, Gerlt JA, Richard JP. Role of a guanidinium cation-phosphodianion pair in stabilizing the vinyl carbanion intermediate of orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase-catalyzed reactions. Biochemistry 2013; 52:7500-11. [PMID: 24053466 DOI: 10.1021/bi401117y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The side chain cation of Arg235 provides a 5.6 and 2.6 kcal/mol stabilization of the transition states for orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP) decarboxylase (OMPDC) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzed reactions of OMP and 5-fluoroorotidine 5'-monophosphate (FOMP), respectively, a 7.2 kcal/mol stabilization of the vinyl carbanion-like transition state for enzyme-catalyzed exchange of the C-6 proton of 5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate (FUMP), but no stabilization of the transition states for enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation of truncated substrates 1-(β-d-erythrofuranosyl)orotic acid and 1-(β-d-erythrofuranosyl) 5-fluorouracil. These observations show that the transition state stabilization results from formation of a protein cation-phosphodianion pair, and that there is no detectable stabilization from an interaction between the side chain and the pyrimidine ring of substrate. The 5.6 kcal/mol side chain interaction with the transition state for the decarboxylation reaction is 50% of the total 11.2 kcal/mol transition state stabilization by interactions with the phosphodianion of OMP, whereas the 7.2 kcal/mol side chain interaction with the transition state for the deuterium exchange reaction is a larger 78% of the total 9.2 kcal/mol transition state stabilization by interactions with the phosphodianion of FUMP. The effect of the R235A mutation on the enzyme-catalyzed deuterium exchange is expressed predominantly as a change in the turnover number kex, whereas the effect on the enzyme-catalyzed decarboxylation of OMP is expressed predominantly as a change in the Michaelis constant Km. These results are rationalized by a mechanism in which the binding of OMP, compared with that for FUMP, provides a larger driving force for conversion of OMPDC from an inactive open conformation to a productive, active, closed conformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdana Goryanova
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang L, Zhou Y, Zhu M, Zhao L, Wei L, Bian Y. Stereochemistry and Solid-State Structure of an Intrinsically Chiral Meso-Patterned Porphyrin: Case Study by NMR and Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction Analysis. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9949-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401825k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Yang
- Beijing
Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular
and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mengliang Zhu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular
and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Luyang Zhao
- Beijing
Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular
and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liye Wei
- Beijing
Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular
and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongzhong Bian
- Beijing
Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular
and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sun H, Hunter CA, Navarro C, Turega S. Relationship between chemical structure and supramolecular effective molarity for formation of intramolecular H-bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:13129-41. [PMID: 23964567 DOI: 10.1021/ja406235d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Effective molarity (EM) is a key parameter that determines the efficiency of a range of supramolecular phenomena from the folding of macromolecules to multivalent ligand binding. Coordination complexes formed between zinc porphyrins equipped H-bond donor sites and pyridine ligands equipped with H-bond acceptor sites have allowed systematic quantification of EM values for the formation of intramolecular H-bonds in 240 different systems. The results provide insights into the relationship of EM to supramolecular architecture, H-bond strength, and solvent. Previous studies on ligands equipped with phosphonate diester and ether H-bond acceptors were inconclusive, but the experiments described here on ligands equipped with phosphine oxide, amide, and ester H-bond acceptors resolve these ambiguities. Chemical double-mutant cycles were used to dissect the thermodynamic contributions of individual H-bond interactions to the overall stabilities of the complexes and hence determine the values of EM, which fall in the range 1-1000 mM. Solvent has little effect on EM, and the values measured in toluene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane are similar. For H-bond acceptors that have similar geometries but different H-bond strengths (amide and ester), the values of EM are very similar. For H-bond acceptors that have different geometries but similar H-bond strengths (amide and phosphonate diester), there is little correlation between the values of EM. These results imply that supramolecular EMs are independent of solvent and intrinsic H-bond strength but depend on supramolecular architecture and geometric complementarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Leclaire J, Mazari M, Zhang Y, Bonduelle C, Thillaye du Boullay O, Martin-Vaca B, Bourissou D, De Riggi I, Fortrie R, Fotiadu F, Buono G. Bare Histidine-Serine Models: Implication and Impact of Hydrogen Bonding on Nucleophilicity. Chemistry 2013; 19:11301-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
50
|
Takanami T. Functionalization of Porphyrins through C-C Bond Formation Reactions with Functional Group-Bearing Organometallic Reagents. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-13-775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|