1
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Han S, Liang M, Ju W, Wang J, Xu X, Huang Z, Zhao Y. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Meta-Selective Trifluoroisopropylation of Arenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8601-8609. [PMID: 38835151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the mild and efficient Ru-catalyzed trifluoroisopropylation of arenes using 2-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoropropane. Various bioactive molecules, such as purine and nucleoside derivatives, were well-suited for this transformation, affording the corresponding products in moderate-to-good yields. This method provides an efficient strategy for synthesizing trifluoroisopropyl molecules for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiong Han
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Min Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Ju
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453000, P. R. China
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2
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Ojea V, Ruiz M. DLPNO-CCSD(T) and DFT study of the acetate-assisted C-H activation of benzaldimine at [RuCl 2( p-cymene)] 2: the relevance of ligand exchange processes at ruthenium(II) complexes in polar protic media. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8662-8679. [PMID: 38695752 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
To gain mechanistic insights into the acetate-assisted cyclometallations of arylimines promoted by [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 in polar protic media, DFT geometry optimizations (with M06 and ωB97X-D3 functionals and the cc-pVDZ-PP[Ru] basis set) followed by DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS energy evaluations were performed using benzaldimine as a model substrate and methanol as the solvent (with CPCM or SMD models). The calculation results show that coordination of the imine to an acetate ruthenium precursor is followed by anion (chloride or acetate) dissociation as the rate-determining step of the process. H-Bonding of two explicit MeOH to the anion reduces the calculated activation energy to ca. 23 kcal mol-1, in good agreement with the experimental half-life at room temperature. Subsequent AMLA/CMD C-H activation of the intermediate cationic complexes is a faster, reversible process. Alternative reaction pathways involving neutral diacetate ruthenium complexes offer AMLA/CMD transition state structures of lower energy but are precluded due to higher energy barriers for the initial ligand exchange processes at ruthenium. Solvent assistance accelerates the final chloride/acetate exchange processes on the cycloruthenate intermediates, particularly when compression in the condensed phase is taken into consideration. The performance of six DFT functionals (with the aug-pVTZ-PP[Ru] basis set) was assessed using the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS reference energies. Neutral diacetate ruthenium complexes were incorrectly predicted as being kinetically relevant when using hybrid DFT methods (PBE0-D3(BJ), M06-2X or ωB97M-V). Good agreement between the calculated barrier heights and our benchmark energy results was obtained by using double-hybrid DFT methods. PWPB95 with D3(BJ) or D4 dispersion energy corrections was found to be the most accurate (ΔG≠ MUE of ca. 1 kcal mol-1). This study may aid our understanding of and help with further experimental investigations of synthetically useful carboxylate-assisted C-H bond functionalizations involving (N,C)-cyclometallated (p-cymene)Ru(II) intermediate complexes in sustainable polar protic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ojea
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, E-15078 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - María Ruiz
- Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, E-15078 A Coruña, Spain.
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3
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De Abreu M, Rogge T, Lanzi M, Saiegh TJ, Houk KN, Wencel-Delord J. Cyclic Diaryl λ 3-Bromanes as a Precursor for Regiodivergent Alkynylation Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319960. [PMID: 38375976 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Regiodivergent reactions are a fascinating tool to rapidly access molecular diversity while using identical coupling partners. We have developed a new approach for regiodivergent synthesis using the dual character of hypervalent bromines. In addition to the recently reported reactivity of hypervalent bromines as aryne precursors, the first transition metal-catalyzed reaction is reported. Accordingly, the development of these two complementary transformations allows for the alteration of regioselectivity to furnish both ortho- and meta-substituted alkynylation products. Mechanistic and computational studies show how these selectivities are controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime De Abreu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Torben Rogge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1569, USA
| | - Matteo Lanzi
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tomas J Saiegh
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095-1569, USA
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, JMU Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Cui PC, Wang GW. Visible-Light-Mediated Bimetal-Catalyzed meta-Alkylation of Arenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38190630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A mild approach to the visible-light-mediated bimetal-catalyzed meta-alkylation of arenes has been accomplished. The regioselective meta-alkylation is realized by a bimetallic ruthenium-palladium system. Ruthenium acts as a catalyst for the directing effect and as a photosensitizer, while the cocatalyst palladium behaves as a catalyst for the generation of fluoroalkyl radicals. This reaction not only is suitable for two-component meta-fluoroalkylation of arenes but can also be extended to three-component reactions to achieve bifunctionalization of olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Cui
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P. R. China
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5
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Bai PB, Durie A, Wang GW, Larrosa I. Unlocking regioselective meta-alkylation with epoxides and oxetanes via dynamic kinetic catalyst control. Nat Commun 2024; 15:31. [PMID: 38167324 PMCID: PMC10761682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Regioselective arene C-H bond alkylation is a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry, yet subject to many challenges. Herein, we report the meta-C-H bond alkylation of aromatics bearing N-directing groups using (hetero)aromatic epoxides as alkylating agents. This method results in complete regioselectivity on both the arene as well as the epoxide coupling partners, cleaving exclusively the benzylic C-O bond. Oxetanes, which are normally unreactive, also participate as alkylating reagents under the reaction conditions. Our mechanistic studies reveal an unexpected reversible epoxide ring opening process undergoing catalyst-controlled regioselection, as key for the observed high regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Bo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Alastair Durie
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gang-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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6
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You Q, Xiao X, Shi Y, Wu Y, Tan G. Iron-Catalyzed para-Selective C-H Allylation of Aniline Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:7683-7688. [PMID: 37846920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed directed C-H allylation of arenes offers an efficient and straightforward approach to construct value-added allylic arenes. However, these reactions are often performed with precious transition-metal catalysts and mainly limited to ortho-C-H allylation of arenes. Herein, we disclose a novel iron-catalyzed para-C-H allylation of aniline derivatives with allyl alcohols via a chelation-induced strategy, providing various allylic arenes in good yields with excellent regio- and chemoselectivity. A simple FeCl3·6H2O is employed as a catalyst, serving a dual role in the reaction: (1) coordination with N-arylpicolinamide to alter the electronic property of the aromatic ring and (2) reaction with allyl alcohol to form allyl-Fe species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulin You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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7
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Kuninobu Y. Non-Covalent Interaction-Controlled Site-Selective C-H Transformations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300149. [PMID: 37236150 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective C-H transformations are important to obtain desired compounds as single products in a highly efficient manner. However, it is generally difficult to achieve such transformations because organic substrates contain many C-H bonds with similar reactivities. Therefore, the development of practical and efficient methods for controlling site selectivity is highly desirable. The most frequently used strategy is "directing group method". Although this method is highly effective and promotes site-selective reactions, it has several limitations. Our group recently reported other methods to achieve site-selective C-H transformations using non-covalent interactions between a substrate and a reagent or a catalyst and a substrate (non-covalent method). In this personal account, the background of site-selective C-H transformations, our reaction design to achieve site-selective C-H transformations, and recently reported reactions are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
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8
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Liu LY, Fan Z, Hoque ME, Qian S, Meng G, Chekshin N, Tanaka K, Qiao JX, Yeung KS, Yu JQ. Remote C-H Olefination of Heterocyclic Biaryls Enabled by Reversibly Bound Templates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307581. [PMID: 37470111 PMCID: PMC10552871 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Remote C-H functionalization of heterocyclic biaryls will be of great importance in synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Through adjusting the geometric relationship of the directing atom and target C-H bonds, two new catalytic templates have been developed to enable the functionalization of the more hindered ortho-C-H bonds of heterobiaryls bearing directing heteroatom at the meta- or para-positions, affording unprecedented site-selectivity. The use of template chaperone also overcomes product inhibition and renders the directing templates catalytic. The utility of this protocol was demonstrated by olefination of heterocyclic biaryls with various substituents, overriding conventional steric and electronic effects. These ortho-C-H olefinated heterobiaryls are sterically hindered and can often be challenging to prepare through aryl-aryl coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Yan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhoulong Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Md Emdadul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Shaoqun Qian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nikita Chekshin
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Keita Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer X Qiao
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Kap-Sun Yeung
- Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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9
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Bakthadoss M, Reddy TT. Distal meta-C-H functionalization of α-substituted cinnamates. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5880-5886. [PMID: 37293646 PMCID: PMC10246684 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06206b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of a novel strategy for the palladium-catalyzed selective meta-C-H activation of α-substituted cinnamates and their heterocyclic analogues with various alkenes using nitrile as a directing group (DG) has been described. Importantly, we introduced naphthoquinone, benzoquinones, maleimides and sulfolene as coupling partners in the meta-C-H activation reaction for the first time. Notably, allylation, acetoxylation and cyanation were also achieved through distal meta-C-H functionalization. This novel protocol also includes the coupling of various olefin-tethered bioactive molecules with high selectivity.
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10
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Docherty JH, Lister TM, Mcarthur G, Findlay MT, Domingo-Legarda P, Kenyon J, Choudhary S, Larrosa I. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation for the Formation of C-C Bonds in Complex Molecules. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37163671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Site-predictable and chemoselective C-H bond functionalization reactions offer synthetically powerful strategies for the step-economic diversification of both feedstock and fine chemicals. Many transition-metal-catalyzed methods have emerged for the selective activation and functionalization of C-H bonds. However, challenges of regio- and chemoselectivity have emerged with application to highly complex molecules bearing significant functional group density and diversity. As molecular complexity increases within molecular structures the risks of catalyst intolerance and limited applicability grow with the number of functional groups and potentially Lewis basic heteroatoms. Given the abundance of C-H bonds within highly complex and already diversified molecules such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, and materials, design and selection of reaction conditions and tolerant catalysts has proved critical for successful direct functionalization. As such, innovations within transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization for the direct formation of carbon-carbon bonds have been discovered and developed to overcome these challenges and limitations. This review highlights progress made for the direct metal-catalyzed C-C bond forming reactions including alkylation, methylation, arylation, and olefination of C-H bonds within complex targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie H Docherty
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Lister
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Mcarthur
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Findlay
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Domingo-Legarda
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Kenyon
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Shweta Choudhary
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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11
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Illam PM, Tiwari CS, Rit A. Towards new coordination modes of 1,2,3-triazolylidene: controlled by the nature of the 1 st metalation in a heteroditopic bis-NHC ligand. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13387-13392. [PMID: 36507188 PMCID: PMC9682892 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05024b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An unusual effect of the nature of the first metal coordination of a heteroditopic N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (L2) towards the coordination behavior of 1,2,3-tzNHC is explored. The first metal coordination at the ImNHC site (complexes 3 and 4) was noted to substantially influence the electronics of the 1,2,3-triazolium moiety leading to an unprecedented chemistry of this MIC donor. Along this line, the RhIII/IrIII-orthometalation in complexes 4 makes the triazolium C4-H more downfield shifted than C5-H, whereas a reverse trend, although to a lesser extent, is observed in the case of the non-chelated PdII-coordination. This difference in behavior assisted us to achieve the selective activation of triazole C4/C5 positions, not observed before, as supported by the isolation of the homo- and hetero-bimetallic complexes, 5, 6 and 7-9via C5- and C4-metalation, respectively. Furthermore, the %V bur calculations eliminate any considerable steric influence and the DFT studies strongly support the selectivity observed during bimetalation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036India
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12
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Wang H, Li H, Chen X, Zhou C, Li S, Yang YF, Li G. Asymmetric Remote meta-C–H Activation Controlled by a Chiral Ligand. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huiling Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiahe Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chunlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shangda Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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Wu J, Kaplaneris N, Pöhlmann J, Michiyuki T, Yuan B, Ackermann L. Remote C-H Glycosylation by Ruthenium(II) Catalysis: Modular Assembly of meta-C-Aryl Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208620. [PMID: 35877556 PMCID: PMC9825995 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of C-aryl glycosides in biologically active natural products and approved drugs has long motivated the development of efficient strategies for their selective synthesis. Cross-couplings have been frequently used, but largely relied on palladium catalyst with prefunctionalized substrates, while ruthenium-catalyzed C-aryl glycoside preparation has thus far proven elusive. Herein, we disclose a versatile ruthenium(II)-catalyzed meta-C-H glycosylation to access meta-C-aryl glycosides from readily available glycosyl halide donors. The robustness of the ruthenium catalysis was reflected by mild reaction conditions, outstanding levels of anomeric selectivity and exclusive meta-site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Julia Pöhlmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Takuya Michiyuki
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany,Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany,Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable ChemistryTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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14
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Vuagnat M, Tognetti V, Jubault P, Besset T. Ru(II)-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of in situ Generated 3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-propyne by C-H Bond Activation: A Facile and Practical Access to β-Trifluoromethylstyrenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201928. [PMID: 35736795 PMCID: PMC9804422 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a practical and straightforward synthesis of β-(E)-trifluoromethylstyrenes by ruthenium-catalyzed C-H bond activation was developed. The readily available and inexpensive 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (BTP), a non-ozone depleting reagent, was used as a reservoir of 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne. With this approach, the monofunctionalization of a panel of heteroarenes was possible in a safe and scalable manner (23 examples, up to 87 % yield). Mechanistic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also conducted to get a better understanding of the mechanism of this transformation. These studies suggested that 1) a cyclometallated ruthenium complex enabled the transformation, 2) this complex exhibited high efficiency in this transformation compared to the commercially available [RuCl2 (p-cymene)]2 and 3) the mechanism proceeded through a bis-cyclometallated ruthenium intermediate for the carboruthenation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vuagnat
- Normandie UnivINSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Vincent Tognetti
- Normandie UnivINSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Philippe Jubault
- Normandie UnivINSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
| | - Tatiana Besset
- Normandie UnivINSA RouenUNIROUENCNRSCOBRA (UMR 6014)76000RouenFrance
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15
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Chang W, Wang Y, Chen Y, Ma J, Liang Y. Control of meta-selectivity in the Ir-catalyzed aromatic C-H borylation directed by hydrogen bond interaction: A combined computational and experimental study. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Wang Y, Chen S, Chen X, Zangarelli A, Ackermann L. Photo-Induced Ruthenium-Catalyzed Double Remote C(sp 2 )-H / C(sp 3 )-H Functionalizations by Radical Relay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205562. [PMID: 35527721 PMCID: PMC9401009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Distal C(sp2 )-H and C(sp3 )-H functionalizations have recently emerged as step-economical tools for molecular synthesis. However, while the C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) construction is of fundamental importance, its formation through double remote C(sp2 )-H/C(sp3 )-H activation has proven elusive. By merging the ruthenium-catalyzed meta-C(sp2 )-H functionalization with an aliphatic hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process, we, herein, describe the catalyzed twofold remote C(sp2 )-H/C(sp3 )-H functionalizations via photo-induced ruthenium-mediated radical relay. Thus, meta-C(sp2 )-H arene bonds and remote C(sp3 )-H alkane bonds were activated by a single catalyst in a single operation. This process was accomplished at room temperature by visible light-notably without exogenous photocatalysts. Experimental and computational theory studies uncovered a manifold comprising ortho-C-H activation, single-electron-transfer (SET), 1,n-HAT (n=5-7) and σ-activation by means of a single ruthenium(II) catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Shan Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Xinran Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Agnese Zangarelli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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17
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Gou X, Li Y, Shi W, Luan Y, Ding Y, An Y, Huang Y, Zhang B, Liu X, Liang Y. Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Stereo‐ and Site‐Selective
ortho‐
and
meta
‐C−H Glycosylation and Mechanistic Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205656. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Ya Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China
| | - Wei‐Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yu‐Yong Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ya‐Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yang An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yan‐Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Bo‐Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xue‐Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yong‐Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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18
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Brandes DS, Ellman JA. C-H bond activation and sequential addition to two different coupling partners: a versatile approach to molecular complexity. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6738-6756. [PMID: 35822540 PMCID: PMC9364435 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sequential multicomponent C-H bond addition is a powerful approach for the rapid, modular generation of molecular complexity in a single reaction. In this approach, C-H bonds are typically added across π-bonds or π-bond isosteres, followed by subsequent coupling to another type of functionality, thereby forming two σ-bonds in a single reaction sequence. Many sequential C-H bond addition reactions have been developed to date, including additions across both conjugated and isolated π-systems followed by coupling with reactants such as carbonyl compounds, cyanating reagents, aminating reagents, halogenating reagents, oxygenating reagents, and alkylating reagents. These atom-economical reactions transform ubiquitous C-H bonds under mild conditions to more complex structures with a high level of regiochemical and stereochemical control. Surprising connectivities and diverse mechanisms have been elucidated in the development of these reactions. Given the large number of possible combinations of coupling partners, there are enormous opportunities for the discovery of new sequential C-H bond addition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Brandes
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
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19
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Pei C, Empel C, Koenigs RM. Visible‐Light‐Induced, Single‐Metal‐Catalyzed, Directed C−H Functionalization: Metal‐Substrate‐Bound Complexes as Light‐Harvesting Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201743. [PMID: 35344253 PMCID: PMC9401074 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
C−H functionalization represents one of the most rapidly advancing areas in organic synthesis and is regarded as one of the key concepts to minimize the ecological and economic footprint of organic synthesis. The ubiquity and low reactivity of C−H bonds in organic molecules, however, poses several challenges, and often necessitates harsh reaction conditions to achieve this goal, although it is highly desirable to achieve C−H functionalization reactions under mild conditions. Recently, several reports uncovered a conceptually new approach towards C−H functionalization, where a single transition‐metal complex can be used as both the photosensitizer and catalyst to promote C−H bond functionalization in the absence of an exogeneous photosensitizer. In this Minireview, we will provide an overview on recent achievements in C−H functionalization reactions, with an emphasis on the photochemical modulation of the reaction mechanism using such catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pei
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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20
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Wu J, Kaplaneris N, Pöhlmann J, Michiyuki T, Yuan B, Ackermann L. Remote C–H Glycosylation by Ruthenium(II) Catalysis: Modular Assembly of meta‐C‐Aryl Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen WISCh GERMANY
| | | | - Julia Pöhlmann
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen WISCh GERMANY
| | - Takuya Michiyuki
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen WISCh GERMANY
| | - Binbin Yuan
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen WISCh GERMANY
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstr. 2 37077 Goettingen GERMANY
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21
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Gou X, Li Y, Shi W, Luan Y, Ding Y, An Y, Huang Y, Zhang B, Liu X, Liang Y. Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Stereo‐ and Site‐Selective
ortho‐
and
meta
‐C−H Glycosylation and Mechanistic Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐Ya Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China
| | - Wei‐Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yu‐Yong Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ya‐Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yang An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yan‐Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Bo‐Sheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xue‐Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yong‐Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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22
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Cai S, Sun Q, Wang Q, He G, Chen G. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Pyridine-Directed Aryl C-H Glycosylation with Glycosyl Chlorides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8811-8818. [PMID: 35696353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed C-H glycosylation reactions with glycosyl chloride donors have emerged as a useful strategy for the synthesis of C-glycosides. Previously, palladium and nickel complexes were reported to catalyze C-H glycosylation reactions using amide-linked bidentate auxiliaries. Herein, a ruthenium-catalyzed ortho C-H glycosylation reaction of arenes with various glycosyl chloride donors using a monodentate pyridine directing group is developed. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that two-electron oxidative addition and reductive elimination of ruthenocycle intermediate led to the glycosylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokun Cai
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qikai Sun
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Quanquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gang He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gong Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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23
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Wang Y, Chen S, Chen X, Zangarelli A, Ackermann L. Foto‐Induzierte Ruthenium‐Katalysierte Doppel C(sp
2
)−H/C(sp
3
)−H Funktionalisierungen durch Radikalübertragungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Shan Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Xinran Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Agnese Zangarelli
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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24
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Wang Y, Simon H, Chen X, Lin Z, Chen S, Ackermann L. Distal Ruthenaelectro-Catalyzed meta-C-H Bromination with Aqueous HBr. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201595. [PMID: 35172030 PMCID: PMC9310730 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While electrochemical ortho‐selective C−H activations are well established, distal C−H activations continue to be underdeveloped. In contrast, we herein describe the electrochemical meta‐C−H functionalization. The remote C−H bromination was accomplished in an undivided cell by RuCl3⋅3 H2O with aqueous HBr. The electrohalogenation proceeded under exogenous ligand‐ and electrolyte‐free conditions. Notably, pyrazolylarenes were meta‐selectively brominated at the benzenoid moiety, rather than on the electron‐rich pyrazole ring for the first time. Mechanistic studies were suggestive of an initial ruthenacycle formation, and a subsequent ligand‐to‐ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) process to liberate the brominated product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xinran Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shan Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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25
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Jia C, Wu N, Li G, Cui X. meta-Allylation of Arenes via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6934-6941. [PMID: 35486707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A successful example of oxidative meta-dehydrogenative allylation of arenes with alkenes has been developed using Ru(PPh3)3Cl2 as a catalyst and DTBP as an oxidant. In the allylation process, pyrimidines, pyrazoles, and purines, found widely in nucleosides, were effective auxiliary groups. Gram-scale experiments took place smoothly under optimized conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that ruthenium-catalyzed meta-dehydrogenative allylation was a free-radical process. The allylation process developed herein provides an efficient and practical strategy to prepare versatile meta-allylated arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Nini Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Precise Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Drugs, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455002, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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26
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Liu HC, Gong XP, Wang YZ, Niu ZJ, Yue H, Liu XY, Liang YM. Three-Component Ru-Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylarylation of Vinylarenes via Meta-Selective C(sp 2)–H Bond Functionalization. Org Lett 2022; 24:3043-3047. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Heng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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27
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Fu Y, Chen CH, Huang MG, Tao JY, Peng X, Xu HB, Liu YJ, Zeng MH. Remote C5-Selective Functionalization of Naphthalene Enabled by P–Ru–C Bond-Directed δ-Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueliuting Fu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Cui-Hong Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mao-Gui Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun-Yang Tao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xu Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hai-Bing Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yue-Jin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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28
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Tao Y, Hu R, Xie Z, Lin P, Su W. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective para-Amination of Azobenzenes via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4724-4731. [PMID: 35290054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The metal-catalyzed nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (SNArH) via coordination of the substituent on the aromatic ring to the metal catalyst, in terms of reactivity, substrate type, and reaction selectivity, complements the transition metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization that proceeds via C-H metalation but remains an elusive target. Described herein is the development of an unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed para-selective amination of azobenzenes, which is essentially a metal-promoted SNArH process as revealed by Hammett analysis, thus illustrating the concept that coordination of the substituent on the arene ring to the metal catalyst may result in electrophilic activation of the arene ring toward SNArH. This cobalt-catalyzed protocol allows the use of a variety of both aliphatic amines and anilines as aminating reagents, tolerates electronically diverse substituents of azobenzene, and furnishes the corresponding products in good yields with a regiospecific selectivity for para-amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zeyu Xie
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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29
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Xu YX, Liang YQ, Cai ZJ, Ji SJ. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Chelation-Assisted Desulfitative Arylation of Benzo[h]quinolines with Arylsulfonyl Chlorides. Org Lett 2022; 24:2601-2606. [PMID: 35357174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel chelation-assisted C-H arylation reaction of benzo[h]quinoline is described. This transformation, using [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 as the catalyst and cheap and easily accessible arylsulfonyl chlorides as the arylation source, featured simple reaction conditions, a broad substrate scope, and functional group tolerance. The successful application of some bioactive-molecule-based sulfonyl chlorides further highlighted the potential utility and importance of this desulfitative C-H arylation protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu-Qing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,Suzhou Baolidi Functional Materials Research Institute, Suzhou 215144, China
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30
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Pei C, Empel C, Koenigs RM. Visible‐Light‐Induced, Sole‐Metal‐Catalyzed, Directed C–H Functionalization: Metal‐Substrate Bound Complexes as Light‐Harvesting Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pei
- RWTH Aachen University: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Institute of Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Claire Empel
- RWTH Aachen University: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Institute of Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Rene M. Koenigs
- RWTH Aachen University Institute of Organic Chemistry Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen GERMANY
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31
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Findlay MT, Domingo-Legarda P, McArthur G, Yen A, Larrosa I. Catalysis with cycloruthenated complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3335-3362. [PMID: 35432864 PMCID: PMC8943884 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cycloruthenated complexes have been studied extensively over the last few decades. Many accounts of their synthesis, characterisation, and catalytic activity in a wide variety of transformations have been reported to date. Compared with their non-cyclometallated analogues, cycloruthenated complexes may display enhanced catalytic activities in known transformations or possess entirely new reactivity. In other instances, these complexes can be chiral, and capable of catalysing stereoselective reactions. In this review, we aim to highlight the catalytic applications of cycloruthenated complexes in organic synthesis, emphasising the recent advancements in this field. We discuss recent advances in the applications of cycloruthenated complexes in organic synthesis, comprising C–H activation, chiral-at-metal catalysis, Z-selective olefin metathesis, transfer hydrogenation, enantioselective cyclopropanations and cycloadditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Findlay
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | | | - Gillian McArthur
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Andy Yen
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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32
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Wang Y, Simon H, Chen X, Lin Z, Chen S, Ackermann L. Distale Ruthenaelektro‐katalysierte
meta
‐C−H‐Bromierung mit wässriger HBr. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Hendrik Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Xinran Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie Zhejiang Universität Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Shan Chen
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie und Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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33
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Jardim GAM, de Carvalho RL, Nunes MP, Machado LA, Almeida LD, Bahou KA, Bower JF, da Silva Júnior EN. Looking deep into C-H functionalization: the synthesis and application of cyclopentadienyl and related metal catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3101-3121. [PMID: 35195128 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal catalyzed C-H functionalization offers a versatile platform for methodology development and a wide variety of reactions now exist for the chemo- and site-selective functionalization of organic molecules. Cyclopentadienyl-metal (CpM) complexes of transition metals and their correlative analogues have found widespread application in this area, and herein we highlight several key applications of commonly used transition-metal Cp-type catalysts. In addition, an understanding of transition metal Cp-type catalyst synthesis is important, particularly where modifications to the catalyst structure are required for different applications, and a summary of this aspect is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme A M Jardim
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil. .,Centre for Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Renato L de Carvalho
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Mateus P Nunes
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luana A Machado
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil. .,Department of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro D Almeida
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Karim A Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Eufrânio N da Silva Júnior
- Institute of Exact Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais - UFMG, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
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34
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Ali S, Rani A, Khan S. Manganese-Catalyzed C-H Functionalizations Driven via Weak Coordination: Recent Developments and Perspectives. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Hu J, Wang C, Yu M, Zhang S, Chen N, Du H. Palladium‐Catalyzed N3‐Directed C‐H Halogenation of N9‐Arylpurines and Azapurines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Hu
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of chemistry CHINA
| | - Chenxing Wang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Mingwu Yu
- Ludong University School of Chemical and Material Science CHINA
| | - Shaojuan Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ning Chen
- Beijing University of Chemical Technolgy chemistry 15 North 3-rd east road, Beijing 100029 Beijing CHINA
| | - Hongguang Du
- Beijing university of chemical technology college of chemistry CHINA
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36
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Luan YY, Gou XY, Shi WY, Liu HC, Chen X, Liang YM. Three-Component Ruthenium-Catalyzed meta-C-H Alkylation of Phenol Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:1136-1140. [PMID: 35084198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we realized the multicomponent reactions of phenol derivatives via a six-membered cycloruthenated intermediate for the first time. This strategy exhibited good substrate suitability and functional group tolerance with various phenol derivatives and provided a potential synthetic drug approach. Mechanistic studies showed that a radical might be involved in this process. In addition, the meta alkylated phenol was obtained by further removal of the directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yong Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ya Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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37
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4,5‐Dihydro‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene‐linked palladium complexes as catalysts for the direct CH bond arylation of azoles. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Liu HC, Kong X, Gong XP, Li Y, Niu ZJ, Gou XY, Li XS, Wang YZ, Shi WY, Huang YC, Liu XY, Liang YM. Site-Selective Coupling of Remote C(sp3)−H/meta-C(sp2)−H Bonds Enabled by Ru/Photoredox Dual Catalysis and Mechanistic Studies. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5382-5389. [PMID: 35655562 PMCID: PMC9093131 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction of C(sp2)−C(sp3) bonds via regioselective coupling of C(sp2)−H/C(sp3)−H bonds is challenging due to the low reactivity and regioselectivity of C−H bonds. Here, a novel photoinduced Ru/photocatalyst-cocatalyzed regioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling...
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University Anyang 455000 China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Modeling and Computation, Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin Hong Kong China
| | - Zhi-Jie Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xue-Ya Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xue-Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yu-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Wei-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yan-Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
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39
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Xu WQ, Tao JY, Liu YJ, Zeng MH. Ruthenium-catalyzed meta-difluoromethylation of arene phosphines enabled by 1,3-dione. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00666a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient, meta-selective difluoromethylation of arene phosphines has been developed with ruthenium catalysis using 1,3-dione as an effective ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jun-Yang Tao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yue-Jin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
- Department Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
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40
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Wang H, Fu L, Zhou C, Li G. Pd( ii)-catalyzed meta-C–H bromination and chlorination of aniline and benzoic acid derivatives. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8686-8692. [PMID: 35974770 PMCID: PMC9337732 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01834a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The classic electrophilic bromination leads to ortho- and para-bromination of anilines due to their electron-rich properties. Herein we report the development of an unprecedented Pd-catalyzed meta-C–H bromination of aniline derivatives using commercially available N-bromophthalimide (NBP), which overcomes the competing ortho/para-selectivity of electrophilic bromination of anilines. The addition of acid additives is crucial for the success of this reaction. A broad range of substrates with various substitution patterns can be tolerated in this reaction. Moreover, benzoic acid derivatives bearing complex substitution patterns are also viable with this mild bromination reaction, and meta-C–H chlorination is also feasible under similar reaction conditions. The ease of the directing group removal and subsequent diverse transformations of the brominated products demonstrate the application potential of this method and promise new opportunities for drug discovery. An unprecedented Pd-catalyzed meta-C–H bromination and chlorination of highly substituted aniline and benzoic acid derivatives using N-bromophthalimide is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 155 West Yang-Qiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 155 West Yang-Qiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chunlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 155 West Yang-Qiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 155 West Yang-Qiao Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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41
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Liu S, Wang Q, Huang F, Wang W, Yang C, Liu J, Chen D. Insight into the mechanism of the arylation of arenes via norbornene relay palladation through meta- to para-selectivity. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01500a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical insight was shown into the origin of site-selectivity in the arylation of arenes by a norbornene relay palladation through meta- to para-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Chong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jianbiao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Dezhan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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42
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Talukdar K, Shah TA, Sarkar T, Roy S, Maharana PK, Punniyamurthy T. Pd-catalyzed bidentate auxiliary assisted remote C(sp 3)-H functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13221-13233. [PMID: 34816830 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05291h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pd-catalyzed C-H functionalisation affords effective synthetic tools to construct C-C and C-X bonds. Despite the challenges, the distal functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds has witnessed significant developments and the use of bidentate auxiliaries has garnished this area by providing an opportunity to control reactivity as well as selectivity beyond proximal sites. This article covers the recent developments on the Pd-catalyzed bidentate auxiliary-assisted distal C(sp3)-H functionalization and is categorized based on the nature of functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Talukdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Tariq A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India
| | - Tanumay Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
| | - Subhasish Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Assam Don Bosco University, Kamarkuchi, Sonapur-782402, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Maharana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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43
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Malapit CA, Prater MB, Cabrera-Pardo JR, Li M, Pham TD, McFadden TP, Blank S, Minteer SD. Advances on the Merger of Electrochemistry and Transition Metal Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3180-3218. [PMID: 34797053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic organic electrosynthesis has grown in the past few decades by achieving many valuable transformations for synthetic chemists. Although electrocatalysis has been popular for improving selectivity and efficiency in a wide variety of energy-related applications, in the last two decades, there has been much interest in electrocatalysis to develop conceptually novel transformations, selective functionalization, and sustainable reactions. This review discusses recent advances in the combination of electrochemistry and homogeneous transition-metal catalysis for organic synthesis. The enabling transformations, synthetic applications, and mechanistic studies are presented alongside advantages as well as future directions to address the challenges of metal-catalyzed electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Matthew B Prater
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jaime R Cabrera-Pardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tammy D Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Timothy Patrick McFadden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Skylar Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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44
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Sinha SK, Guin S, Maiti S, Biswas JP, Porey S, Maiti D. Toolbox for Distal C-H Bond Functionalizations in Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5682-5841. [PMID: 34662117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed C-H activation has developed a contemporary approach to the omnipresent area of retrosynthetic disconnection. Scientific researchers have been tempted to take the help of this methodology to plan their synthetic discourses. This paradigm shift has helped in the development of industrial units as well, making the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutical drugs step-economical. In the vast zone of C-H bond activation, the functionalization of proximal C-H bonds has gained utmost popularity. Unlike the activation of proximal C-H bonds, the distal C-H functionalization is more strenuous and requires distinctly specialized techniques. In this review, we have compiled various methods adopted to functionalize distal C-H bonds, mechanistic insights within each of these procedures, and the scope of the methodology. With this review, we give a complete overview of the expeditious progress the distal C-H activation has made in the field of synthetic organic chemistry while also highlighting its pitfalls, thus leaving the field open for further synthetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Srimanta Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sudip Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jyoti Prasad Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sandip Porey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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45
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Saito T, Caner J, Toriumi N, Iwasawa N. Rhodium‐Catalyzed
meta
‐Selective C−H Carboxylation Reaction of 1,1‐Diarylethylenes via Hydrorhodation‐Rhodium Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Saito
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Joaquim Caner
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Toriumi
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
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46
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Saito T, Caner J, Toriumi N, Iwasawa N. Rhodium-Catalyzed meta-Selective C-H Carboxylation Reaction of 1,1-Diarylethylenes via Hydrorhodation-Rhodium Migration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23349-23356. [PMID: 34402148 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A meta-selective C-H carboxylation reaction of 1,1-diarylethylene derivatives with CO2 by using a rhodium catalyst with NaOi Pr as a stoichiometric reductant has been achieved. Together with hydrogenation of the ethylene moiety, a carboxyl group was introduced to the meta-position of the aryl ring with high selectivity over the ortho-positions. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies indicate that this carboxylation reaction proceeds via hydrorhodation on the ethylene moiety, followed by 1,4-rhodium migration and successive 1,2-rhodium migration on the aryl ring. The use of a bulky phosphine ligand seems to be the key to this unusual aryl-to-aryl 1,2-rhodium shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Joaquim Caner
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Toriumi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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47
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Zhao Y, Ju G, Tu G. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Selective C–H Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation Reactions of Aromatic Substrates. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1522-7460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFluorine is well-known as a very special element. Approximately 30% of agrochemicals and 20% of all drugs contain fluorine; most of those compounds have unique functions in biochemistry, pharmacy, and bioscience and those containing alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethyl functional groups often have irreplaceable roles. Therefore, the selective introduction of alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylated functional groups into various aromatic substrates has significant practical application. This review describes recent advances in selective alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of aromatic substrates by using different catalytic strategies (cyclometalated ruthenium complex, transient regulating and visible-light-induced strategies).1 Introduction2 para-C–H Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Aromatic Derivatives2.1 Ruthenium Catalysis2.2 Palladium Catalysis2.3 Visible-Light Catalysis2.4 Iron Catalysis3 meta-C–H Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation of Aromatic Derivatives3.1 Ruthenium Catalysis3.2 Palladium Catalysis4 The Influence of Transition Metals and Directing Groups on Site Selectivity of Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation4.1 The Influence of Directing Groups on the Site Selectivity of Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation4.2 The Influence of Transition Metals on the Site Selectivity of Alkoxycarbonyldifluoromethylation5 Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University
| | - Guodong Ju
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University
| | - Guanglian Tu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University
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Pannilawithana N, Pudasaini B, Baik MH, Yi CS. Experimental and Computational Studies on the Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dehydrative C-H Coupling of Phenols with Aldehydes for the Synthesis of 2-Alkylphenol, Benzofuran, and Xanthene Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13428-13440. [PMID: 34428913 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cationic Ru-H complex [(C6H6)(PCy3)(CO)RuH]+BF4- (1) was found to be an effective catalyst for the dehydrative C-H coupling reaction of phenols and aldehydes to form 2-alkylphenol products. The coupling reaction of phenols with branched aldehydes selectively formed 1,1-disubstituted benzofurans, while the coupling reaction with salicylaldehydes yielded xanthene derivatives. A normal deuterium isotope effect was observed from the coupling reaction of 3-methoxyphenol with benzaldehyde and 2-propanol/2-propanol-d8 (kH/kD = 2.3 ± 0.3). The carbon isotope effect was observed on the benzylic carbon of the alkylation product from the coupling reaction of 3-methoxyphenol with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (C(3) 1.021(3)) and on both benzylic and ortho-arene carbons from the coupling reaction with 4-trifluorobenzaldehdye (C(2) 1.017(3), C(3) 1.011(2)). The Hammett plot from the coupling reaction of 3-methoxyphenol with para-substituted benzaldehydes p-X-C6H4CHO (X = OMe, Me, H, F, Cl, CF3) displayed a V-shaped linear slope. Catalytically relevant Ru-H complexes were observed by NMR from a stoichiometric reaction mixture of 1, 3-methoxyphenol, benzaldehyde, and 2-propanol in CD2Cl2. The DFT calculations provided a detailed catalysis mechanism featuring an electrophilic aromatic substitution of the aldehyde followed by the hydrogenolysis of the hydroxy group. The calculations also revealed a mechanistic rationale for the strong electronic effect of the benzaldehdye substrates p-X-C6H4CHO (X = OMe, CF3) in controlling the turnover-limiting step. The catalytic C-H coupling method provides an efficient synthetic protocol for 2-alkylphenols, 1,1-disubstituted benzofurans, and xanthene derivatives without employing any reactive reagents or forming wasteful byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwan Pannilawithana
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 United States
| | - Bimal Pudasaini
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae S Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 United States
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49
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Li G, Yan Y, Zhang P, Xu X, Jin Z. Palladium-Catalyzed meta-Selective C–H Functionalization by Noncovalent H-Bonding Interaction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoshuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yifei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Elementoorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Enviromental Science, Kashi University, Kashgar 844007, China
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Orthogonal cross-coupling through intermolecular metathesis of unstrained C(aryl)-C(aryl) single bonds. Nat Chem 2021; 13:836-842. [PMID: 34341526 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While metathesis reactions involving carbon-carbon double bonds, namely olefin metathesis, have been well established with broad utility in organic synthesis and materials science, direct metathesis of kinetically less accessible C-C single bonds is extremely rare. Here we report a ruthenium-catalysed reversible C-C single-bond metathesis reaction that allows redox- and pH-neutral biaryl synthesis. Assisted by directing groups, unstrained homo-biaryl compounds undergo aryl exchanges to generate cross-biaryl products, catalysed by a well-defined air-stable ruthenium(II) complex. Functional groups reactive under typical cross-coupling reactions, such as halogen, silyl and boronate moieties, are compatible under the metathesis conditions. Mechanistic studies disclose an intriguing 'olefin-metathesis-like' pathway that involves an unexpected heptacoordinated, 18-electron closed-shell intermediate. The distinct reaction mode discovered here is expected to inspire the development of more general C-C single-bond metathesis and orthogonal cross-coupling reactions.
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