1
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Banik S, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Zwitterionic C-N Bonded Triazole-Tetrazole-Based Primary Explosives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:14038-14049. [PMID: 39316415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Developing advanced metal-free nitrogen-enriched primary explosives is challenging due to the inherent risks associated with their synthesis and handling. However, there is an urgent need to develop novel lead-free, nitrogen-rich primary explosives that offer balanced energetic properties. C-N bonded bicyclic compound 3-azido-1-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (4), its salts, and 3,5-diazido-1H-1,2,4-triazole (8) were synthesized from inexpensive starting materials resulting in a fine blend of sensitivity and stability. These compounds exhibit high nitrogen content (79.78 to 83.43%), good thermal stability (129-210 °C), excellent detonation performance (VOD: 8592-9361 ms-1, DP: 27.1-33.8 GPa), and acceptable sensitivity (IS: 2.5-30 J, FS: 72-288 N). The hot needle tests of compounds 4 and 8 exhibit excellent ignition performance. All of the newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized using infrared spectroscopy (IR), high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS), multinuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), and 2, 4, and 8 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies. The molecular electrostatic potential (ESP), noncovalent interactions reduced density gradient (NCI-RDG) method, and QTAIM analysis were performed to investigate the intermolecular interactions. Together with promising performance properties, ease of synthesis, and ignitability, they are highly suitable candidates to pave new avenues for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Banik
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119, India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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2
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Han H, Zhu L, Deng S, Wan Y, Ren K, Liu Z, Gao J, Zhu B, An F, Luo J, Qian H. Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Fluorescence Sensor Array and QSAR Study for Identification of Energetic Heterocyclic Compounds. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39138138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The accurate identification of energetic heterocyclic compounds (EHCs) is of great significance in munition assessment, environmental monitoring, and biosafety but remains largely underexplored. Herein, a covalent organic frameworks-based fluorescence sensor array (COFx sensor array) for efficient screening of EHCs is reported. The topologies of the COFs were rationally designed by modulating the pore sizes and linkage strategies to achieve the simplified sensor array. Eighteen EHC representatives, including single-, dual-, and three-ring EHCs with multivariate substructures, were successfully discriminated ranging from 10 μM to 1 mM. The sensor array showed robust selectivity against a wide range of interferences. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis has been conducted for the mechanistic study of the sensor array. Three multiple linear regression models have been established using molecular descriptors to evaluate and predict Stern-Volmer coefficient values, achieving explicit correlation between EHC structures and the signal outputs of the sensor array. Five molecular descriptors are retained to reveal the governing factors of the sensor array resolution. The QSAR analysis facilitates the design and development of the COFx sensor array, offering a new approach for customized multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikang Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Longyi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shengyuan Deng
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ying Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Kewei Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Toxicology Research Center, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Biological Effect, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Junhong Gao
- Toxicology Research Center, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Biological Effect, Institute for Hygiene of Ordnance Industry, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fangxia An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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3
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Xie W, Jiang X, Sun M, Zhang X, Yin P, Lai Q. Assembling of Nitropyrazoles into Tetranitroacetimidic Acid (TNAA): A Pathway to High-Performance Energetic Oxidizers through Dual C/N-Functionalization. Org Lett 2024; 26:6591-6596. [PMID: 39078750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In this work, incorporating nitropyraozles into tetranitroacetimidic acid (TNAA) resulted in two analogues of isomeric TNAA-like compounds (3 and 5). These compounds exhibit excellent densities, detonation performance, and high specific impulse, which are promising high-energy oxidizers that are comparable to AP and ADN. This structural modification strategy may have the potential to contribute significantly to the development of versatile, high-performance energetic oxidizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xie
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Moxin Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Ping Yin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Qi Lai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
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4
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Raman APS, Aslam M, Awasthi A, Ansari A, Jain P, Lal K, Bahadur I, Singh P, Kumari K. An updated review on 1,2,3-/1,2,4-triazoles: synthesis and diverse range of biological potential. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10858-0. [PMID: 39066993 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of triazoles has attracted a lot of interest in the field of organic chemistry because of its versatile chemical characteristics and possible biological uses. This review offers an extensive overview of the different pathways used in the production of triazoles. A detailed analysis of recent research indicates that triazole compounds have a potential range of pharmacological activities, including the ability to inhibit enzymes, and have antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal activities. The integration of computational and experimental methods provides a thorough understanding of the structure-activity connection, promoting sensible drug design and optimization. By including triazoles as essential components in drug discovery, researchers can further explore and innovate in the synthesis, biological assessment, and computational studies of triazoles as drugs, exploring the potential therapeutic significance of triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Pratap Singh Raman
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Modinagar, India
| | - Mohd Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Modinagar, India
| | - Amardeep Awasthi
- Department of Chemistry, North western University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Anas Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, North western University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Pallavi Jain
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Delhi-NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, Modinagar, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Indra Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2745, South Africa
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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5
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Yadav AK, Devi R, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Exploring the Explosive Potential: Synthesis and Characterization of Ring-Fused Oxadiazolo[3,4- b]pyrazine 1-Oxide Polymorphs with Balanced Energetic Properties. Org Lett 2024; 26:6006-6011. [PMID: 38975866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A novel fused-ring compound, 5-azido-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine 1-oxide (3a), was synthesized for the first time with simple two-step process and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such NMR, IR, EA and HRMS. Two polymorphs (α-3a and β-3a) identified by SCXRD differ in crystal packing and noncovalent interactions, demonstrating high density, substantial heat of formation, and superior detonation properties with reduced mechanical sensitivity compared to TNT, TATB, and close to RDX, suggesting their potential as environmentally friendly high energy density materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Yadav
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rimpi Devi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Zhang J, Jin Z, Hao W, Luo L, Liu Q, Deng H, Guo Z, Shen J, Peng R, Jin B. Self-Assembly Method for Synthesizing High-Dimensional EMOFs with High Stability and Laser Response. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12498-12505. [PMID: 38912702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Dimension and solvent molecules affect the performance of energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs). High-dimensional EMOFs are usually characterized by high stability and low sensitivity due to their complex network structure. However, solvent molecules affect the detonation performance of EMOFs, and these molecules may be removed at low temperatures, resulting in structural collapse and affecting the stability of EMOFs. In this work, zero-dimensional (0D) Co(AFTO)2·(H2O)2 (EMOF 1) and Ni(AFTO)2·(H2O)2 (EMOF 2) with coordinated water molecules and [Co(AFTO)2]n·EtOH (EMOF 3) and [Ni(AFTO)2]n (EMOF 4) (AFTO = 5-(4-amino-furazan-3-yl)-1-hydroxytetrazole) with high-dimensional structure were synthesized using hydrothermal and self-assembly methods in ethanol, respectively. Structural and performance tests show that EMOF 3 and 4 exhibit remarkable thermal stability and low mechanical sensitivity. This method is a simple, effective, and green technique for synthesizing high-dimensional EMOFs with high stability through self-assembly in ethanol solution. In addition, EMOF 3 and 4 can be used as primary green laser explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wenjia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Liqiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Quancheng Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Hu Deng
- College of Information Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- School of National Defense & Nuclear Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Juan Shen
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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7
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Kumar P, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Single Step Synthesis of gem-Dinitro Methyl-1,2,4-triazole and Its Hydroxylamine Salt: An Alternative to the FOX-7 and Other Benchmark Explosives. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38809597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
gem-Dinitro methyl based high-energy-density material 5-(dinitromethylene)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole (2) and its hydroxylamine salt (4) were synthesized for the first time in a single step and characterized. Further, the structure of 2 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies. Interestengly, both the compounds show excellent density (> 1.83 g cm-3), detonation velocity (> 8700 m s-1), pressure (> 30 GPa) and are insensitive toward mechanical stimuli such as impact and friction sensitivity. Considering their synthetic fesibility and balanced energetic performance, compounds 2 and 4 show future prospects as potential next-generation energetic materials for the replacenent of many presently used benchmark high energy density materials such as RDX, FOX-7 and highly insensitive H-FOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parasar Kumar
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Zhang R, Xu Y, Yang F, Jiang S, Wang P, Lin Q, Huang H, Lu M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Heat-Resistant Energetic Materials Based on C-C Bridged Dinitropyrazole Energetic Materials. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5966-5976. [PMID: 38651598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic energetic materials make up a distinctive class of conjugated structures that consist of two or more rings. In this work, 1,3-bis(3,5-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4,6-dinitrobenzene (BDPD) was synthesized and investigated in detail as a polycyclic heat-resistant energetic molecule that can be deprotonated by bases to obtain its anionic (3-5) salts. All compounds were thoroughly characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The structural features of BDPD and its salts were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and analyzed by different kinds of computing software, like Multiwfn, Gaussian 09W, and so on. In addition, their thermal decomposition temperatures were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry to be 319.8-329.0 °C, revealing that they possessed high thermal stabilities. The results of impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity analysis confirm that these energetic compounds were insensitive. The detonation properties of neutral compound BDPD and all its nonmetallic salts were calculated by the EXPLO5 v6.05.04 program. The results revealed that their detonation performances were higher than those of the widely used heat-resistant explosive 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrostilbene (HNS). Combining the above results, it is reasonable to suggest that these compounds have the potential to be heat-resistant energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shuaijie Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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9
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Liu Y, Li J, Cai J, Zhang X, Hu L, Pang S, He C. Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds Assisted Construction of Planar Tricyclic Structures for Insensitive and Highly Thermostable Energetic Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3910. [PMID: 38612720 PMCID: PMC11012039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Safety is fundamental for the practical development and application of energetic materials. Three tricyclic energetic compounds, namely, 1,3-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (ATDT), 5'-nitro-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2'H-[1,3'-bi(1,2,4-triazol)]-5-amine (ATNT), and 1-(3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (ATDNP), were effectively synthesized through a simple two-step synthetic route. The introduction of intramolecular hydrogen bonds resulted in excellent molecular planarity for the three new compounds. Additionally, they exhibit regular crystal packing, leading to numerous intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. Benefiting from planar tricyclic structural features, ATDT, ATNT, and ATDNP are insensitive (IS > 60 J, FS = 360 N) when exposed to external stimuli. Furthermore, ATNT (Td = 361.1 °C) and ATDNP (Td = 317.0 °C) exhibit high decomposition temperatures and satisfying detonation performance. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding that produced this planar tricyclic molecular structure serves as a model for the creation of innovative multiple heterocycle energetic materials with excellent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.)
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.)
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinxiong Cai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.)
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.)
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lu Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.)
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.)
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (Y.L.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (L.H.)
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
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10
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Zhang L, Lang Q, Zhu M, Zhang X, Jiang S, Lu M, Lin Q. Enhancing Conjugation Effect to Develop Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Materials with Higher Energy and Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10211-10217. [PMID: 38369818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This work reports a strategy by enhancing conjugation effect and synthesizes a symmetrical and planar compound, 1,2-bis (4,5-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)diazene (NL24). The incorporation of azo and 1,2,3-triazole moieties manifests a synergistic effect, amplifying the conjugation effect of the azo bridge and thereby elevating the stability of NL24 (Td: 263 °C, IS: 7 J). Notably, NL24, possessing a structural configuration comprising four tetrazoles harboring a total of 24 nitrogen atoms, exhibits excellent detonation performances (ΔHf: 6.06 kJ g-1, VD: 9002 m s-1). This strategy achieves the balance of energy and stability of polycyclic tetrazoles and provides a direction for high-performance energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qing Lang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mimi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shuaijie Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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11
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Zhang J, Liu J, Li X, Ju Y, Li Y, Zhang G, Li Y. Unexpected Cyclization Product Discovery from the Photoinduced Bioconjugation Chemistry between Tetrazole and Amine. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2122-2131. [PMID: 38190443 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bioconjugation chemistry has emerged as a powerful tool for the modification of diverse biomolecules under mild conditions. Tetrazole, initially proposed as a bioorthogonal photoclick handle for 1,3-dipolar cyclization with alkenes, was later demonstrated to possess broader photoreactivity with carboxylic acids, serving as a versatile bioconjugation and photoaffinity labeling probe. In this study, we unexpectedly discovered and validated the photoreactivity between tetrazole and primary amine to afford a new 1,2,4-triazole cyclization product. Given the significance of functionalized N-heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, we successfully harnessed the serendipitously discovered reaction to synthesize both pharmacologically relevant DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) and small molecule compounds bearing 1,2,4-triazole scaffolds. Furthermore, the mild reaction conditions and stable 1,2,4-triazole linkage found broad application in photoinduced bioconjugation scenarios, spanning from intramolecular peptide macrocyclization and templated DNA reaction cross-linking to intermolecular photoaffinity labeling of proteins. Triazole cross-linking products on lysine side chains were identified in tetrazole-labeled proteins, refining the comprehensive understanding of the photo-cross-linking profiles of tetrazole-based probes. Altogether, this tetrazole-amine bioconjugation expands the current bioconjugation toolbox and creates new possibilities at the interface of medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Jinlu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yunzhu Ju
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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12
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Mermer A, Demirci S. Recent advances in triazoles as tyrosinase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115655. [PMID: 37482020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosinase enzyme, which is widely found in microorganisms, animals and plants, has a significant position in melanogenesis, plays an important role in undesirable browning of fruits and vegetables, antibiotic resistance, skin pigment formation, sclerotization of cuticle, neurodegeneration, etc. Therefore, with the wide potential application fields of tyrosinase in food, agriculture, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, which has become the target enzyme for the development of therapeutic agents such as antibrowning, anticancer, antibacterial, skin whitening, insecticides, etc., a large number of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors have been widely reported in recent years. The triazole ring, which has a broad spectrum of biological action, is of increasing interest in the synthesis of new tyrosinase inhibitors. In this review, tyrosinase inhibition effects, structure-activity relationships, enzyme inhibition kinetics and mechanisms of action of 1,2,3- or 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were investigated. The data gathered is anticipated to supply rational guidance and an influential strategy for the development of novel, potent and safe tyrosinase inhibitors for better practical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Mermer
- Experimental Medicine Application & Research Center, Validebağ Research Park, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkiye; Department of Biotechnology, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Serpil Demirci
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational High School of Health Services, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkiye
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13
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Zou Q, Zhang W, Wang H, Yin G, He Y, Li F. Anion-Driven C-F Bond Activation of Trifluoromethyl N-Aryl Hydrazones: Application to the Synthesis of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15507-15515. [PMID: 37862576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The CF3 group attached to N-aryl hydrazone could be activated upon treatment with a suitable base, thus serving as an excellent C1 unit for the assembly of a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles by reaction with hydrazides. The transformation is proposed to proceed via the intermediate formation of a gem-difluorinated azoalkene. Furthermore, this reaction features simple conditions and a broad substrate scope with respect to both trifluoromethyl N-aryl hydrazones and hydrazides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Haoyue Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhi He
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
| | - Fangyi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, P. R. China
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14
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Meng J, Fei T, Cai J, Lai Q, Zhang J, Pang S, He C. Backbone Isomerization to Enhance Thermal Stability and Decrease Mechanical Sensitivities of 10 Nitro-Substituted Bipyrazoles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48346-48353. [PMID: 37801729 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel, environmentally friendly, and high-energy oxidizers remains interesting and challenging for replacing halogen-containing ammonium perchloride (AP). The trinitromethyl moiety is one of the most promising substituents for designing high-energy density oxidizers. In this study, a backbone isomerization strategy was utilized to manipulate the properties of 10 nitro group-substituted bipyrazoles containing the largest number of nitro groups among the bis-azole backbones so far. Another advanced high-energy density oxidizer, 3,3',5,5'-tetranitro-1,1'-bis(trinitromethyl)-1H,1'H-4,4'-bipyrazole (3), was designed and synthesized. Compared to the isomer 4,4',5,5'-tetranitro-2,2'-bis(trinitromethyl)-2H,2'H-3,3'-bipyrazole (4) (Td = 125 °C), 3 possesses better thermostability (Td = 156 °C), which is close to that of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) (Td = 159 °C), and it possesses better mechanical sensitivity (impact sensitivity (IS) = 13 J and friction sensitivity (FS) = 240 N) than that of 4 (IS = 9 J and FS = 215 N), thereby demonstrating a promising perspective for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Meng
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Teng Fei
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Test Technique Institute, Xi'an 710100, China
| | - Jinxiong Cai
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Lai
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinya Zhang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siping Pang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunlin He
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 401120, China
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15
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Zhang C, Wang TW, Lu ZJ, Yi ZX, Kuang BL, Bu S, Xie ZM, Li Y, Wang K, Zhang JG. Optimization of performance and sensitivity: preparation of two Ag(I)-based ECPs by using isomeric ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13716-13723. [PMID: 37706537 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02429f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
For energetic compounds, their structure determines their performance, and even minor variations in their structure can have a significant impact on their performance. The application scenarios for energetic materials are diverse, and their performance requirements vary as well. To investigate the influence of different substituent positions on the performance of primary explosives, we prepared two Ag(I)-based complexes, [Ag(2-IZCA)ClO4]n (ECPs-1) and [Ag(4-IZCA)ClO4]n (ECPs-2), using structurally isomeric ligands, 1H-imidazole-2-carbohydrazide (2-IZCA) and 1H-imidazole-4-carbohydrazide (4-IZCA). The structures were confirmed using infrared, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Experimental results demonstrate that both ECPs exhibit good thermal stability. However, compared to ECPs-1, ECPs-2 exhibits a lower thermal initial decomposition temperature (Td = 210 °C), lower mechanical sensitivity (IS = 27 J, FS = 84 N), and more concentrated energy output. Although theoretical predictions suggest similar detonation velocities and pressures for both compounds, actual detonation performance tests indicate that ECPs-2 has stronger explosive power and initiating capability, with potential for use as a laser initiator (E = 126 mJ). The simple preparation method and inexpensive starting materials enrich the research on primary explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Ting-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zu-Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Zhen-Xin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bao-Long Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Shu Bu
- State Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Xuanwu, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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16
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Zhang W, Yang Y, Shi S, Pang S, Li Y, Sun C. Regulation of stability and density of energetic materials via isomerism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37470709 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02039h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Selective regulation of stability and density via isomerism is a promising strategy for developing energetic materials. In this work, we selectively introduced dinitromethyl groups at different positions of 4-nitro-1,2,3-triazole. The regional heterogeneity endows a high crystal density by virtue of the dense packing; on the other hand, it changes the charge distribution in the molecule, and reinforces the hydrogen bonding interactions, all of which stabilize the material. The resulting compounds exhibit excellent detonation properties and impact sensitivity that are comparable to those of HMX (Dv = 9250 m s-1 and IS = 10 J).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yiling Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shaoyi Shi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yuchuan Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Chenghui Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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17
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Duarte JC, da Rocha RD, Borges I. Which molecular properties determine the impact sensitivity of an explosive? A machine learning quantitative investigation of nitroaromatic explosives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6877-6890. [PMID: 36799468 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We decomposed density functional theory charge densities of 53 nitroaromatic molecules into atom-centered electric multipoles using the distributed multipole analysis that provides a detailed picture of the molecular electronic structure. Three electric multipoles, (the charge of the nitro groups), (the total dipole, i.e., polarization, of the nitro groups), (the total electron delocalization of the C ring atoms), and the number of explosophore groups (#NO2) were selected as features for a comprehensive machine learning (ML) investigation. The target property was the impact sensitivity h50 (cm) values quantified by drop-weight measurements, with a large h50 (e.g., 150 cm) indicating that an explosive is insensitive and vice versa. After a preliminary screening of 42 ML algorithms, four were selected based on the lowest root mean square errors: Extra Trees, Random Forests, Gradient Boosting, and AdaBoost. Compared to experimental data, the predicted h50 values of molecules having very different sensitivities for the four algorithms have differences in the range 19-28%. The most important properties for predicting h50 are the electron delocalization in the ring atoms and the polarization of the nitro groups with averaged weights of 39% and 35%, followed by the charge (16%) and number (10%) of nitro groups. A significant result is how the contribution of these properties to h50 depends on their actual sensitivities: for the most sensitive explosives (h50 up to ∼50 cm), the four properties contribute to reducing h50, and for intermediate ones (∼50 cm ≲ h50 ≲ 100 cm) #NO2 and contribute to increasing it and the other two properties to reducing it. For highly insensitive explosives (h50 ≳ 200 cm), all four properties essentially contribute to increasing it. These results furnish a consistent molecular basis of the sensitivities of known explosives that also can be used for developing safer new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Duarte
- Departamento de Engenharia de Computação, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), 22290-270, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Defesa, Militar de Engenharia, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Romulo Dias da Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Defesa, Militar de Engenharia, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Engenharia de Computação, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), 22290-270, Brazil. .,Departamento de Química, Militar de Engenharia, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), 22290-270, Brazil
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18
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Gulati HK, Kumar N, Sharma A, Jyoti, Khanna A, Sharma S, Salwan R, Bedi PMS. A comprehensive review on Triazole based Conjugates as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Design Strategies, Synthesis, Biological Activity, Structure Activity Relationships, Molecular Docking Studies. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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19
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Wu X, Li Y, Xu J, Dong W, Zhang JG. Phase transition-induced initial decomposition of nitrogen-rich binary CN compound 2,2'-azobis(5-azidotetrazole) and its precursor 2-amino-5-azidotetrazole via tetrazole ring opening under external electric fields: a comparative DFT-D study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6481-6490. [PMID: 36786002 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05692e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A comparative DFT-D study was performed to investigate the external electric field-induced crystal structures, electronic features, Hirshfeld surfaces, vibrational properties and initial decomposition mechanisms of nitrogen-rich binary CN compound 2,2'-azobis(5-azidotetrazole) (C2N16) and its precursor 2-amino-5-azidotetrazole (CH2N8). The results show that there exist phase transitions at the critical points of 0.006 a.u. and 0.008 a.u. for CH2N8 and C2N16, respectively, which are embodied in various properties of these compounds and induce their initial decomposition of the tetrazole ring opening via the breaking of N-N single bonds. The analysis of band gaps and density of states suggests the external electric field-induced enhancing ability for electron transition from the occupied orbitals to empty ones and N-N bond breaking may be the initial decomposition pathway for them. The variations in Hirshfeld surfaces indicate the spatial change and adjustment of non-bonding interactions in the two crystals. The discussions on vibrational properties indicate that IR characteristic peaks of all vibrational modes in the two crystals show a gradual red shift toward a low frequency region. The external electric field-induced initial decomposition pathways of both crystals are tetrazole ring opening via the breaking of a N-N single bond. Our findings provide insights for a comprehensive understanding of external electric field-induced phase transition and initial decomposition mechanisms of nitrogen-rich binary CN energetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Yunqiu Li
- Jiangsu Province Nanjing Engineering Vocational College, Nanjing 211135, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenshuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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20
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Yang X, Li N, Li Y, Pang S. Insensitive High-Energy Density Materials Based on Azazole-Rich Rings: 1,2,4-Triazole N-Oxide Derivatives Containing Isomerized Nitro and Amino Groups. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3918. [PMID: 36835326 PMCID: PMC9962610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is an arduous and meaningful challenge to design and develop new energetic materials with lower sensitivity and higher energy. How to skillfully combine the characteristics of low sensitivity and high energy is the key problem in designing new insensitive high-energy materials. Taking a triazole ring as a framework, a strategy of N-oxide derivatives containing isomerized nitro and amino groups was proposed to answer this question. Based on this strategy, some 1,2,4-triazole N-oxide derivatives (NATNOs) were designed and explored. The electronic structure calculation showed that the stable existence of these triazole derivatives was due to the intramolecular hydrogen bond and other interactions. The impact sensitivity and the dissociation enthalpy of trigger bonds directly indicated that some compounds could exist stably. The crystal densities of all NATNOs were larger than 1.80 g/cm3, which met the requirement of high-energetic materials for crystal density. Some NATNOs (9748 m/s for NATNO, 9841 m/s for NATNO-1, 9818 m/s for NATNO-2, 9906 m/s for NATNO-3, and 9592 m/s for NATNO-4) were potential high detonation velocity energy materials. These study results not only indicate that the NATNOs have relatively stable properties and excellent detonation properties but also prove that the strategy of nitro amino position isomerization coupled with N-oxide is an effective means to develop new energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Yang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuchuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Marrs FW, Davis JV, Burch AC, Brown GW, Lease N, Huestis PL, Cawkwell MJ, Manner VW. Chemical Descriptors for a Large-Scale Study on Drop-Weight Impact Sensitivity of High Explosives. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:753-769. [PMID: 36695777 PMCID: PMC9930127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The drop-weight impact test is an experiment that has been used for nearly 80 years to evaluate handling sensitivity of high explosives. Although the results of this test are known to have large statistical uncertainties, it is one of the most common tests due to its accessibility and modest material requirements. In this paper, we compile a large data set of drop-weight impact sensitivity test results (mainly performed at Los Alamos National Laboratory), along with a compendium of molecular and chemical descriptors for the explosives under test. These data consist of over 500 unique explosives, over 1000 repeat tests, and over 100 descriptors, for a total of about 1500 observations. We use random forest methods to estimate a model of explosive handling sensitivity as a function of chemical and molecular properties of the explosives under test. Our model predicts well across a wide range of explosive types, spanning a broad range of explosive performance and sensitivity. We find that properties related to explosive performance, such as heat of explosion, oxygen balance, and functional group, are highly predictive of explosive handling sensitivity. Yet, models that omit many of these properties still perform well. Our results suggest that there is not one or even several factors that explain explosive handling sensitivity, but that there are many complex, interrelated effects at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Marrs
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Jack V. Davis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Alexandra C. Burch
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Brown
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Nicholas Lease
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | | | - Marc J. Cawkwell
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Virginia W. Manner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
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22
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Lu Z, Qin J, Wu J, Cao W, Kuang B, Zhang J. Advances in the Synthesis of Energetic Compounds Based on 1,2,3-Triazoles. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202204010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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23
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High-pressure induced structural changes of energetic ionic salts: Dihydroxylammonium 3,3′-dinitro-5,5′-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1′-diolate (MAD-X1). Chem Phys 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Ding L, Ge R, Wang P, Li D, Lin Q, Lu M, Xu Y. A series of N-trinitromethyl-substituted polynitro-pyrazoles: high-energy-density materials with positive oxygen balances. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33304-33312. [PMID: 36425169 PMCID: PMC9679919 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
An N-trinitromethyl strategy was employed for the synthesis of polynitro-pyrazole based high-energy-density compounds with great potential as energetic materials. The new compounds were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 10 exhibits high energetic properties, has a positive oxygen balance (OB) of +2.1%, and an excellent specific impulse (272.4 s), making it a potential high-energy dense oxidizer to replace AP in solid rocket propellants. The nitration of 7 with HNO3/H2SO4 yielded the green primary explosive 12, which showed higher density, higher performance, better oxygen balance and lower sensitivities to those of currently used diazodinitrophenol. Compound 13 is a nitrogen and oxygen rich secondary explosive with a high OB (+5.0%), comparable energy (D = 9030 m s-1; P = 35.6 GPa; η = 1.03) to HMX, and much lower mechanical sensitivity (IS = 12 J, FS = 240 N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu China
| | - Ruirong Ge
- Anhui Hongxing Electrical Polytron Technologies Inc Hefei 231135 Anhui China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu China
| | - Dongxue Li
- China National Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu China
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25
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Lai Q, Pei L, Fei T, Yin P, Pang S, Shreeve JM. Size-matched hydrogen bonded hydroxylammonium frameworks for regulation of energetic materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6937. [PMID: 36376317 PMCID: PMC9663426 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Size matching molecular design utilizing host-guest chemistry is a general, promising strategy for seeking new functional materials. With the growing trend of multidisciplinary investigations, taming the metastable high-energy guest moiety in well-matched frameworks is a new pathway leading to innovative energetic materials. Presented is a selective encapsulation in hydrogen-bonded hydroxylammonium frameworks (HHF) by screening different sized nitrogen-rich azoles. The size-match between a sensitive high-energy guest and an HHF not only gives rise to higher energetic performance by dense packing, but also reinforces the layer-by-layer structure which can stabilize the resulting materials towards external mechanic stimuli. Preliminary assessment based on calculated detonation properties and mechanical sensitivity indicates that HHF competed well with the energetic performance and molecular stability (detonation velocity = 9286 m s-1, impact sensitivity = 50 J). This work highlights the size-matched phenomenon of HHF and may serve as an alternative strategy for exploring next generation advanced energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Le Pei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Fei
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yin
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA.
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China.
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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26
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Yadav AK, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Promising Thermally Stable Energetic Materials with the Combination of Pyrazole-1,3,4-Oxadiazole and Pyrazole-1,2,4-Triazole Backbones: Facile Synthesis and Energetic Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49898-49908. [PMID: 36287099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thermally stable energetic materials have broad applications in the deep mining, oil and natural exploration, and aerospace industries. The quest for thermally stable (heat-resistant) energetic materials with high energy output and low sensitivity has fascinated many researchers worldwide. In this study, two different series of thermally stable energetic materials and salts based on pyrazole-oxadiazole and pyrazole-triazole (3-23) with different explosophoric groups have been synthesized in a simple and straightforward manner. All the newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized by IR, ESI-MS, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The structures of 3, 7, and 22 were supported by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The density, heat of formation, and energetic properties (detonation velocity and detonation pressure) of all the compounds range between 1.75 and 1.94 g cm-3, 0.73 to 2.44 kJ g-1, 7689 to 9139 m s-1, and 23.3 to 31.5 GPa, respectively. All the compounds are insensitive to impact (>30 J) and friction (>360 N). In addition, compounds 4, 6, 10, 14, 17, 21, 22, and 23 show high onset decomposition temperature (Td between 238 and 397 °C) than the benchmark energetic materials RDX (Td = 210 °C), HMX (279 °C), and thermally stable HNS (318 °C). It is noteworthy that the pyrazole-oxadiazole and pyrazole-triazole backbones greatly influence their physicochemical and energetic properties. Overall, this study offers a perspective on insensitive and thermally stable nitrogen-rich materials and explores the relationship between the structure and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Yadav
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra136119, Haryana, India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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27
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Lease N, Klamborowski LM, Perriot R, Cawkwell MJ, Manner VW. Identifying the Molecular Properties that Drive Explosive Sensitivity in a Series of Nitrate Esters. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9422-9428. [PMID: 36191261 PMCID: PMC9575148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Energetic materials undergo hundreds of chemical reactions during exothermic runaway, generally beginning with the breaking of the weakest chemical bond, the "trigger linkage." Herein we report the syntheses of a series of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) derivatives in which the energetic nitrate ester groups are systematically substituted by hydroxyl groups. Because all the PETN derivatives have the same nitrate ester-based trigger linkages, quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations show very similar Arrhenius kinetics for the first reactions. However, handling sensitivity testing conducted using drop weight impact indicates that sensitivity decreases precipitously as nitrate esters are replaced by hydroxyl groups. These experimental results are supported by QMD simulations that show systematic decreases in the final temperatures of the products and the energy release as the nitrate ester functional groups are removed. To better interpret these results, we derive a simple model based only on the specific enthalpy of explosion and the kinetics of trigger linkage rupture that accounts qualitatively for the decrease in sensitivity as nitrate ester groups are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lease
- High
Explosives Science & Technology, Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Lisa M. Klamborowski
- High
Explosives Science & Technology, Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Romain Perriot
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Marc J. Cawkwell
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Virginia W. Manner
- High
Explosives Science & Technology, Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
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28
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Wu B, Jiang X, Yang Y, Du H, Shi X, Li Z, Pei C. Continuous-Flow Oxidation of Amines Based on Nitrogen-Rich Heterocycles: A Facile and Sustainable Approach for Promising Nitro Derivatives. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xiue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yalin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Xianrui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
- Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Chonghua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
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29
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Bauer L, Benz M, Klapoetke T, Selmeier A. Evaluation of SSRT‐Test by Classical Gravimetric Analysis and Optical Topographic Measurement: A Comparative Study. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Preethi P, Harisankar A, Soumya Mol U, Raghunandan R. Synthesis of oxydiacetate functionalized strontium coordination polymer through gel diffusion technique: A new dual luminescent chemosensor for the detection of Copper(II) ions and Cr(VI) oxyanions in aqueous medium. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Energetic material derivatives of insoluble 3,4,5-triamino-1-tetrazolyl-1,2,4-triazole (TATT). J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Wu X, Xu J, Li Y, Zhu S, Dong W, Zhang JG. Phase transition induced by an external electric field as a buffer to facilitate the initial decomposition of a series of catenated nitrogen energetic systems: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12488-12500. [PMID: 35578972 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of an external electric field on the crystal and electronic structures, Hirshfeld surfaces, hydrogen-bonding network, mechanical properties, vibrational properties and initial decomposition mechanisms of a series of chain-catenated Nx (x = 4, 8, 10) energetic crystals was investigated via a first-principles study. The results indicate that the response behaviors to the external electric field show a great dependence on the nitrogen chain length and the intensity of the external electric field. The critical points of the phase transition were found and are embodied in various properties of all the compounds. Analysis of the electronic structures shows the increasing ability of the electron transition, thereby leading to possible subsequent decomposition reactions. The studies on Hirshfeld surfaces and the hydrogen-bonding network suggest that the external electric field can modify and tune the spatial distribution of the hydrogen-bonding network, thereby affecting the physicochemical properties. Our comprehensive analysis based on the mechanical properties, vibrational features and initial decomposition mechanism reveals that the external electric field can weaken the trigger bonds, reduce the thermal stability, and initiate decomposition. Our findings provide insights into the comprehensive understanding of the effects of an external electric field on energetic materials, especially for polynitrogen chain-catenated and even all-nitrogen compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yunqiu Li
- Department of Safety Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Simin Zhu
- China Fire And Rescue Institute, Beijing 102202, P. R. China
| | - Wenshuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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33
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Wu X, Li Y, Dong WS, Zhang J. Pressure-Induced Phase Transition of Series of Energetic Pentazolate Anion Salts: A DFT Study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pressure-induced geometry and crystal structures, electronic features, hydrogen bonding network, and vibrational properties of two energetic pentazolate anion salts (N5-)2DABTT2+ and N5-GU+ were investigated by density functional theory (DFT)...
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34
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Liu Y, Gong L, Yi X, He P, Zhang J. Tunable 1,2,3-triazole- N-oxides towards high energy density materials: theoretical insight into structure–property correlations. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01002j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of energetic derivatives based on functionalized bridged 1,2,3-triazole-N-oxides was designed, and their properties as well as comprehensive correlations were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lishan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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35
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Matsuzaki H, Takeda N, Yasui M, Okazaki M, Suzuki S, Ueda M. Synthesis of multi-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles utilising the ambiphilic reactivity of hydrazones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12187-12190. [PMID: 34730140 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05326d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-alkyl-1H-1,2,4-triazoles from N,N-dialkylhydrazones and nitriles via formal [3+2] cycloaddition including the C-chlorination/nucleophilic addition/cyclisation/dealkylation sequence was developed. This sequential reaction utilising the in situ generation of hydrazonoyl chloride based on the ambiphilic reactivity of hydrazones afforded a variety of multi-substituted N-alkyl-triazoles in high yields. The synthetic utility of multi-substituted triazoles was also demonstrated by further transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Matsuzaki
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Yasui
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Mayuko Okazaki
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Seishin Suzuki
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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36
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Wang R, Zhou S, Li J, Xu C, Zhang Y, Chen Z. Theoretical study on mechanism of decomposition reaction of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1994666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suqin Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China
- The Engineering & Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Le’shan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenhong Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - YanLi Zhang
- The Engineering & Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Le’shan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China
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37
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Klapötke TM, Kofen M, Schmidt L, Stierstorfer J, Wurzenberger MHH. Selective Synthesis and Characterization of the Highly Energetic Materials 1-Hydroxy-5H-tetrazole (CHN 4 O), its Anion 1-Oxido-5H-tetrazolate (CN 4 O - ) and Bis(1-hydroxytetrazol-5-yl)triazene. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3001-3012. [PMID: 34411440 PMCID: PMC8518496 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, an adequate selective synthesis, circumventing the formation of 2-hydroxy-5H-tetrazole, of 1-hydroxy-5H-tetrazole (HTO), as well as the synthesis of bis(1-hydroxytetrazol-5-yl)triazene (H3 T) are reported. Several salts thereof were synthesized and characterized which resulted in the formation of new primary and secondary explosives containing the 1-oxidotetrazolate unit. Molecular structures are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1 H and 13 C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. Calculation of the detonation performance using the Explo5 code confirmed the energetic properties of 1-hydroxy-5H-tetrazole. The detonation properties can be adjusted to the requirements for those of a secondary explosive by forming the hydroxylammonium (6) or hydrazinium (7) salts, or to meet the requirements of a primary explosive by forming the silver salt 4, which shows a fast DDT on contact with a flame. The sensitivities of all compounds towards external stimuli such as impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge were measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Kofen
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Laszlo Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, D-81377, Munich, Germany
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38
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Recent Synthetic Efforts towards High Energy Density Materials: How to Design High-Performance Energetic Structures? FIREPHYSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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39
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Liu Y, He P, Gong L, Mo X, Zhang J. Design of functionalized bridged 1,2,4-triazole N-oxides as high energy density materials and their comprehensive correlations. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27420-27430. [PMID: 35480652 PMCID: PMC9037789 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for high energy density materials (HEDMs) remains a major challenge. Density functional theory (DFT) methods were employed to design a new family of bridged 1,2,4-triazole N-oxides by the manipulation of the linkage and oxygen-containing groups. The optimized geometry, electronic properties, energetic properties and sensitivities of new 40 molecules in this study were extensively evaluated. These designed compounds exhibit high densities (1.87-1.98 g cm-3), condensed-phase heat of formation values (457.31-986.40 kJ mol-1), impressive values for detonation velocity (9.28-9.49 km s-1) and detonation pressure (21.22-41.31 GPa). Their sensitivities (impact, electrostatic, and shock) were calculated and compared with 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TABT) and 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (DNBF). Some new compounds 4,4'-trinitro-5,5'-bridged-bis-1,2,4-triazole-2,2'-diol (TN1-TN8) and 4,4'-dinitro-5,5'-ammonia-bis-1,2,4-triazole-2,2'-diol (DN3) were distinguished from this system, making them promising candidates for HEDMs. In addition, we found that the gas-relative parameters (detonation heat, oxygen balance, φ) were as important as the density, which were highly correlated to the detonation properties (P, D). Their comprehensive correlations should also be considered in the design of new energetic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Lishan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Mo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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40
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Wang R, Wang J, Zhu Y, Yu F, Yang Y, Wang Z. A Covalent‐Like Feature of Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding in Energetic Molecules 3,6‐Dihydrazino‐s‐tetrazine (DHT). ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Information Technology Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
| | - Famin Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Jilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
| | - Yanqiang Yang
- Institute of Fluid Physics China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P.R. China
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41
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Cao W, Dong W, Lu Z, Bi Y, Hu Y, Wang T, Zhang C, Li Z, Yu Q, Zhang J. Construction of Coplanar Bicyclic Backbones for 1,2,4-Triazole-1,2,4-Oxadiazole-Derived Energetic Materials. Chemistry 2021; 27:13807-13818. [PMID: 34323327 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Combining different nitrogen-rich heterocycles into a molecule can fine-tune its energetic performance and physical properties as well as its safety for use in energetic materials. Here, 1,2,4-oxadiazole was incorporated into 1,2,4-triazole to construct new energetic backbones. 3-(5-Amino-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-amine (5) was designed and synthesized. Nitramino-functionalized N-(5-(5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)nitramide (6) and N-(5-(5-(nitramino)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)nitramide (7) were also obtained, and two series of corresponding nitrogen-rich salts were prepared, leading to the creation of new energetic compounds. All derivatives were fully characterized, and five of them were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The theoretical calculations, energetic performance, safety, and the main decomposition gaseous products of 1,2,4-triazole-1,2,4-oxadiazole-derived energetic materials were studied. Compound 7 and its dihydroxylammonium salt (7 c) exhibited prominent detonation performance comparable to that of RDX while possessing satisfying thermal stabilities and mechanical sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wenshuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zujia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yufan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Tingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qiyao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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42
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Chen L, Cao X, Chen Y, Li Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Qin Y, Cao X, Liu J, Shao Z, He W. Biomimetic-Inspired One-Step Strategy for Improvement of Interfacial Interactions in Cellulose Nanofibers by Modification of the Surface of Nitramine Explosives. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8486-8497. [PMID: 34236199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a burgeoning category of biocompatible botanically derived nanomaterial cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) has captured tremendous attention on account of its entangled nanostructured network, natural abundance, and outstanding mechanical properties. Biomimetically inspired by the superior properties of CNFs, this paper examined them as the coating material to cover cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), and hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) via a facile water suspension method and the ultrasonic technology. The core-shell structure and the composition of energetic crystal@CNF were examined through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The obtained outcomes demonstrated that the dispersibility of the CNF enhanced favorably upon covering the surface of explosive crystals; the interfacial contact ability between CNFs and energetic crystals was also manifested to be increased, which could be ascribed to the interfacial interaction of hydrogen bonds and the electrostatic force of self-assembly. In addition, the stable crystalloid construction of β-HMX and ε-CL-20 has been preserved positively in the preparation process. In comparison with raw explosives, the thermal stability and sensitivity performances of the core-shell structure composites were outstanding. Accordingly, this work demonstrated the rewarding application of coating CNFs uniformly on the surface of energetic crystals, ulteriorly offering a potential fabrication strategy for the embellishment of high-explosive crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Xinfu Cao
- Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemical and Engineering Institute, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Defence, Academy of Military Sciences, Zhijiang, Hubei 443200, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Yingbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Xijin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Yang Qin
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Research Center of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Ziqiang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weidong He
- Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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Xue Y, Xiong H, Tang J, Cheng G, Yang H. Exploring Application of 1,2,4‐Triazole Energetic Salts: Gas Generating Agent, Propellant and Explosive Compositions. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐bing Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hua‐lin Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Guang‐bin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hong‐wei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei 200 Nanjing Jiangsu P. R. China
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44
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Guan Y, Zhu X, Gao Y, Ma H, Song J. Initial Thermal Decomposition Mechanism of (NH 2) 2C=C(NO 2)(ONO) Revealed by Double-Hybrid Density Functional Calculations. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15292-15299. [PMID: 34151108 PMCID: PMC8210442 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work employs double-hybrid density functionals to re-examine the CO-NO bond dissociation mechanism of nitrite isomer of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitro-ethylene (DADNE) into (NH2)2C=C(NO2)O and nitric monoxide (NO). The calculated results confirm that an activated barrier is present in the CO-NO bond dissociation process of (NH2)2C=C(NO2)(ONO). Furthermore, it is proposed that a radical-radical adduct is involved in the exit dissociation path with subsequent dissociation to separate (NH2)2C=C(NO2)O and NO radicals. The activation and reaction enthalpies at 298.15 K for the nitrite isomer dissociation are predicted to be 43.6 and 5.4 kJ mol-1 at the B2PLYP/6-31G(d,p) level, respectively. Employing the B2PLYP/6-31G(d,p) reaction energetics, gradient, Hessian, and geometries, the kinetic model for the CO-NO bond dissociation of (NH2)2C=C(NO2)(ONO) is obtained by a fitting to the modified Arrhenius form 1.05 × 1013(T/300)0.39 exp[-27.80(T + 205.32)/R(T 2 + 205.322)] in units of per second over the temperature range 200-3000 K based on the canonical variational transition-state theory with multidimensional small-curvature tunneling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Guan
- . Tel: +86-29-88307755. Fax: +86-29-88302632
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45
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Du Y, Qu Z, Wang H, Cui H, Wang X. Review on the Synthesis and Performance for 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐Based Energetic Materials. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Zhongkai Qu
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Huanchun Wang
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Special Fuel Chemistry and Material Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Hu Cui
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Special Fuel Chemistry and Material Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Special Fuel Chemistry and Material Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
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46
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Zhou LN, Feng FF, Cheung CW, Ma JA. Cu-Enabled [3 + 2] Annulation of In Situ Formed Nitrile Ylides with Aryldiazonium Salts: Access to 5-Cyano-1,2,4-Triazoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:739-744. [PMID: 33428426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The unified construction of cyano-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles, particularly the 5-cyano counterparts, remains underdeveloped. Herein we describe a three-component method to access a wide range of 1-aryl 5-cyano-1,2,4-triazoles using readily available 2-diazoacetonitriles, nitriles, and aryldiazonium salts. This regiospecific synthesis relies on the dipolar [3 + 2] annulation of the in situ formed nitrile ylides with aryldiazonium salts. Furthermore, this protocol can be amendable to gram-scale synthesis, chemical transformations of the nitrile moieties, and access to chiral bis(cyano-triazole)-1,1'-naphthalene, which would all be likely applicable in the synthesis of structurally diverse bioactive compounds and novel bidentate ligands for asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Nan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Fang-Fang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. of China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. of China
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47
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Oliveira MAS, Oliveira RSS, Borges I. Quantifying bond strengths via a Coulombic force model: application to the impact sensitivity of nitrobenzene, nitrogen-rich nitroazole, and non-aromatic nitramine molecules. J Mol Model 2021; 27:69. [PMID: 33543327 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The quantification of bond strengths is a useful and general concept in chemistry. In this work, a Coulombic force model based on atomic electric charges computed using the accurate distributed multipole analysis (DMA) partition of the molecular charge density was employed to quantify the weakest N-NO2 and C-NO2 bond strengths of 19 nitrobenzene, 11 nitroazole, and 10 nitramine molecules. These bonds are known as trigger linkages because they are usually related to the initiation of an explosive. The three families of explosives combine different types of molecular properties and structures ranging from essentially aromatic molecules (nitrobenzenes) to others with moderate aromaticity (nitroazoles) and non-aromatic molecules with cyclic and acyclic skeletons (nitramines). We used the results to investigate the impact sensitivity of the corresponding explosives employing the trigger linkage concept. For this purpose, the computed Coulombic bond strength of the trigger linkages was used to build four sensitivity models that lead to an overall good agreement between the predicted values and available experimental sensitivity values even when the model included the three chemical families simultaneously. We discussed the role of the trigger linkages for determining the sensitivity of the explosives and rationalized eventual discrepancies in the models by examining alternative decomposition mechanisms and features of the molecular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Souza Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil
| | | | - Itamar Borges
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-270, Brazil.
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48
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Ma J, Chinnam AK, Cheng G, Yang H, Zhang J, Shreeve JM. 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Bridges: A Strategy to Improve Energetics at the Molecular Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5497-5504. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210000 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844-2343 USA
- Biomaterials Center Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhuhai 519003 China
| | | | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210000 China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210000 China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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49
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Ma J, Chinnam AK, Cheng G, Yang H, Zhang J, Shreeve JM. 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Bridges: A Strategy to Improve Energetics at the Molecular Level. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210000 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844-2343 USA
- Biomaterials Center Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhuhai 519003 China
| | | | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210000 China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210000 China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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50
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Gu H, Cheng G, Yang H. Tricyclic nitrogen-rich explosives with a planar backbone: bis(1,2,4-triazolyl)-1,2,3-triazoles as potential stable green gas generants. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Planar tricyclic energetic compounds with good energetic performance, thermal stability and gas production capacity were synthesized based on 1,2,3-triazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- P. R. China
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