1
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Wang MY, Zeng WL, Chen L, Yuan YF, Li W. Umpolung-Enabled Divergent Dearomative Carbonylations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403917. [PMID: 38818640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Although dearomative functionalizations enable the direct conversion of flat aromatics into precious three-dimensional architectures, the case for simple arenes remains largely underdeveloped owing to the high aromatic stabilization energy. We herein report a dearomative sequential addition of two nucleophiles to arene π-bonds through umpolung of chromium-arene complexes. This mode enables divergent dearomative carbonylation reactions of benzene derivatives by tolerating various nucleophiles in combination with alcohols or amines under CO-gas-free conditions, thus providing modular access to functionalized esters or amides. The tunable synthesis of 1,3- or 1,4-cyclohexadienes as well as the construction of carbon quaternary centers further highlight the versatility of this dearomatization. Diverse late-stage modifications and derivatizations towards synthetically challenging and bioactive molecules reveal the synthetic utility. A possible mechanism was proposed based on control experiments and intermediate tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei-Long Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu-Fei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Deng KZ, Sukowski V, Fernández-Ibáñez MÁ. Non-Directed C-H Arylation of Anisole Derivatives via Pd/S,O-Ligand Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400689. [PMID: 38401127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Non-directed C-H arylation is one of the most efficient methods to synthesize biaryl compounds without the need of the prefuctionalization of starting materials, or the installment and removal of directing groups on the substrate. A direct C-H arylation of simple arenes as limiting reactants remains a challenge. Here we disclose a non-directed C-H arylation of anisole derivatives as limiting reagents with aryl iodides under mild reaction conditions. The arylated products are obtained in synthetically useful yields and the arylation of bioactive molecules is also demonstrated. Key to the success of this methodology is the use of a one-step synthesized S,O-ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Zuan Deng
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Sukowski
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Ángeles Fernández-Ibáñez
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Budiman YP, Perutz RN, Steel PG, Radius U, Marder TB. Applications of Transition Metal-Catalyzed ortho-Fluorine-Directed C-H Functionalization of (Poly)fluoroarenes in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4822-4862. [PMID: 38564710 PMCID: PMC11046440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of organic compounds efficiently via fewer steps but in higher yields is desirable as this reduces energy and reagent use, waste production, and thus environmental impact as well as cost. The reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to fluorine substituents in (poly)fluoroarenes with metal centers is enhanced relative to meta and para positions. Thus, direct C-H functionalization of (poly)fluoroarenes without prefunctionalization is becoming a significant area of research in organic chemistry. Novel and selective methodologies to functionalize (poly)fluorinated arenes by taking advantage of the reactivity of C-H bonds ortho to C-F bonds are continuously being developed. This review summarizes the reasons for the enhanced reactivity and the consequent developments in the synthesis of valuable (poly)fluoroarene-containing organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudha P. Budiman
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Robin N. Perutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Patrick G. Steel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science
Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, U.K.
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg Germany
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4
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Lin Y, Shi H. Rhodium-Catalyzed Addition of (Trialkylsilyl)arenes to Electrophiles via π-Coordination-Driven C-Si Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22753-22761. [PMID: 37787751 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic organosilicon compounds serve as valuable synthons due to their diverse reactivities, excellent compatibility with various functional groups, and ready availability. However, (trialkylsilyl)arenes, despite their potential utility, are generally considered unsuitable substrates for transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling due to the low polarity of their covalent C(aryl)-Si bonds and the significant steric hindrance imposed by alkyl substituents. These factors render them inert toward reactions with transition metals, such as transmetalation and oxidative addition. In this study, we present a method for the rhodium-catalyzed addition of (trialkylsilyl)arenes to electrophiles via π-coordination-driven desilylation. We propose that a dicationic rhodium species activates the unbiased C(aryl)-Si bond, increasing its polarity by forming an η6-arene complex, thereby facilitating heterolysis. The resulting phenyl anion complex readily engages in addition reactions with external electrophiles, effectively forming C-C bonds. Through comprehensive computational studies, we have unraveled an unexpected stepwise pathway for desilylation with fluoride. This pathway involves the addition of fluoride to the aromatic ring, followed by a 1,2-migration of fluoride, ultimately culminating in the departure of fluorotrimethylsilane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhi Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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5
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Li K, Wu WQ, Lin Y, Shi H. Asymmetric hydrogenation of 1,1-diarylethylenes and benzophenones through a relay strategy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2170. [PMID: 37061515 PMCID: PMC10105712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Homogenous transition-metal catalysts bearing a chiral ligand are widely used for asymmetric hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds such as olefins and ketones, providing efficient concise access to products with chiral carbon centers. However, distinguishing the re and si prochiral faces of a double bond bearing two substituents that are sterically and electronically similar is challenging for these catalysts. Herein, we report a relay strategy for constructing compounds with a chiral gem-diaryl carbon center by means of a combination of selective arene exchange between 1,1-diarylethylenes or benzophenones with (naphthalene)Cr(CO)3 and subsequent asymmetric hydrogenation. During the hydrogenation, the Cr(CO)3 unit facilitate differentiation of the two prochiral faces of the substrate double bond via formation of a three-dimensional complex with one of the aromatic rings by selective arene exchange. Density functional theory calculations reveal that during the hydrogenation, chromium coordination affected π-π stacking of the substrate and the catalyst ligand, leading to differentiation of the prochiral faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Yunzhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P. R. China
| | - Hang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou, 310030, P. R. China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China.
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6
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Yao J, Bai J, Kang X, Zhu M, Guo Y, Wang X. Non-directed C-H arylation of electron-deficient arenes by synergistic silver and Pd 3 cluster catalysis. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3560-3565. [PMID: 36723135 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal clusters have attracted great attention in catalysis due to their unique reactivity and electronic properties, especially for novel substrate binding and activation modes at the bridging coordination sites of metal clusters. Although palladium complexes have demonstrated outstanding catalytic performance in various transformations, the catalytic behaviors of polynuclear palladium clusters in many important synthetic methodologies remain much less explored so far. Herein, we disclose the use of an atomically defined tri-nuclear palladium (Pd3Cl) species as a catalyst precursor in Ag(I)-assisted direct C-H arylation with aryl iodides under mild conditions. This catalyst system leads to the formation of synthetically important biaryls in good yields with high site selectivities without the assistance of directing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jiahui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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7
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Dearomative Aminocarbonylation of Arenes via Bifunctional Coordination to Chromium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Wang MY, Wu CJ, Zeng WL, Jiang X, Li W. Dearomative Aminocarbonylation of Arenes via Bifunctional Coordination to Chromium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Wang
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Cheng-Jie Wu
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Wei-Long Zeng
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Xu Jiang
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Wei Li
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry 38 Zheda Road, Xihu District 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
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9
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Williams LJ, Bhonoah Y, Walton JW. Enolate S NAr of unactivated arenes via [(η 6-arene)RuCp] + intermediates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11240-11243. [PMID: 35735231 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of complexes of the general formula [(η6-arene)RuCp][PF6] (where arene = aryl halides or nitroarenes) were synthesised and the arene ring was found to be reactive towards an intermolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction with a series of cyclic 1,3-diones. Competition experiments indicated that leaving group ability of the aryl halides and nitroarenes went in the order of F ≫ NO2 > Cl > Br. Following SNAr, the arene rings were liberated quantitatively via a rapid photolysis reaction (<15 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Lower Mountjoy, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Yunas Bhonoah
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berks, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - James W Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Lower Mountjoy, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chengming Wang
- Jinan University Chemistry 601 West Huangpu Avenue 510632 Guangzhou CHINA
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11
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Oeser P, Koudelka J, Petrenko A, Tobrman T. Recent Progress Concerning the N-Arylation of Indoles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165079. [PMID: 34443667 PMCID: PMC8402097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art procedures in terms of the preparation of N-arylindoles. After a short introduction, the transition-metal-free procedures available for the N-arylation of indoles are briefly discussed. Then, the nickel-catalyzed and palladium-catalyzed N-arylation of indoles are both discussed. In the next section, copper-catalyzed procedures for the N-arylation of indoles are described. The final section focuses on recent findings in the field of biologically active N-arylindoles.
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12
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Liu KH, Hu GQ, Wang CX, Sheng FF, Bai JW, Gu JG, Zhang HH. C-H Bond Functionalization of (Hetero)aryl Bromide Enabled Synthesis of Brominated Biaryl Compounds. Org Lett 2021; 23:5626-5630. [PMID: 34269061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aryl bromide is one of the most important compounds in organic chemistry, because it is widely used as synthetic building blocks enabling quick access to a wide array of bioactive molecules, organic materials, and polymers via the versatile cutting-edge transformations of C-Br bond. Direct C-H bond functionalization of aryl bromide is considered to be an efficient way to prepare functionalized aryl bromides; however, it is rarely explored possibly due to the relatively low reactivity of aryl bromide toward C-H bond activation. We herein report a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction between aryl iodide and aryl bromide for preparing brominated biaryl compounds via a silver-mediated C-H bond activation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Guo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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13
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Kuleshova O, Asako S, Ilies L. Ligand-Enabled, Iridium-Catalyzed ortho-Borylation of Fluoroarenes. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kuleshova
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sobi Asako
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Laurean Ilies
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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14
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Williams LJ, Bhonoah Y, Wilkinson LA, Walton JW. As Nice as π: Aromatic Reactions Activated by π-Coordination to Transition Metals. Chemistry 2021; 27:3650-3660. [PMID: 33210827 PMCID: PMC7986375 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
π‐Coordination of aromatic molecules to metals dramatically alters their reactivity. For example, coordinated carbons become more electrophilic and C−H bonds of coordinated rings become more acidic. For many years, this change in reactivity has been used to trigger reactions that would not take place for uncoordinated arenes, however, there has been a recent resurgence in use of this technique, in part due to the development of catalytic reactions in which π‐coordination is transient. In this Minireview, we describe the key reaction chemistry of arenes coordinated to a range of transition metals, including stereoselective reactions and industrially relevant syntheses. We also summarise outstanding examples of catalytic processes. Finally, we give perspectives on the future direction of the field, with respect to both reactions that are stoichiometric in activating metals and those employing catalytic metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Yunas Bhonoah
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Luke A Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James W Walton
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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15
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Hu GQ, Bai JW, Li EC, Liu KH, Sheng FF, Zhang HH. Synthesis of Multideuterated (Hetero)aryl Bromides by Ag(I)-Catalyzed H/D Exchange. Org Lett 2021; 23:1554-1560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - En-Ci Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Fei-Fei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
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16
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Tlahuext-Aca A, Lee SY, Sakamoto S, Hartwig JF. Direct Arylation of Simple Arenes with Aryl Bromides by Synergistic Silver and Palladium Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021; 11:1430-1434. [PMID: 34790433 PMCID: PMC8594911 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The direct, catalytic arylation of simple arenes in small excess with aryl bromides is disclosed. The developed method does not require the assistance of directing groups and relies on a synergistic catalytic cycle in which phosphine-ligated silver complexes cleave the aryl C-H bond, while palladium catalysts enable the formation of the biaryl products. Mechanistic experiments, including kinetic isotope effects, competition experiments, and hydrogen-deuterium exchange, support a catalytic cycle in which cleavage of the C-H bond by silver is the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tlahuext-Aca
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sarah Yunmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shu Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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17
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Rekhroukh F, Chen W, Brown RK, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Palladium-catalysed C-F alumination of fluorobenzenes: mechanistic diversity and origin of selectivity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7842-7849. [PMID: 34094156 PMCID: PMC8163258 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A palladium pre-catalyst, [Pd(PCy3)2] is reported for the efficient and selective C–F alumination of fluorobenzenes with the aluminium(i) reagent [{(ArNCMe)2CH}Al] (1, Ar = 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl). The catalytic protocol results in the transformation of sp2 C–F bonds to sp2 C–Al bonds and provides a route to reactive organoaluminium complexes (2a–h) from fluorocarbons. The catalyst is highly active. Reactions proceed within 5 minutes at 25 °C (and at appreciable rates at even −50 °C) and the scope includes low-fluorine-content substrates such as fluorobenzene, difluorobenzenes and trifluorobenzenes. The reaction proceeds with complete chemoselectivity (C–F vs. C–H) and high regioselectivities (>90% for C–F bonds adjacent to the most acidic C–H sites). The heterometallic complex [Pd(PCy3)(1)2] was shown to be catalytically competent. Catalytic C–F alumination proceeds with a KIE of 1.1–1.3. DFT calculations have been used to model potential mechanisms for C–F bond activation. These calculations suggest that two competing mechanisms may be in operation. Pathway 1 involves a ligand-assisted oxidative addition to [Pd(1)2] and leads directly to the product. Pathway 2 involves a stepwise C–H → C–F functionalisation mechanism in which the C–H bond is broken and reformed along the reaction coordinate, guiding the catalyst to an adjacent C–F site. This second mechanism explains the experimentally observed regioselectivity. Experimental support for this C–H activation playing a key role in C–F alumination was obtained by employing [{(MesNCMe)2CH}AlH2] (3, Mes = 2,4,6-tri-methylphenyl) as a reagent in place of 1. In this instance, the kinetic C–H alumination intermediate could be isolated. Under catalytic conditions this intermediate converts to the thermodynamic C–F alumination product. A palladium pre-catalyst, [Pd(PCy3)2] is reported for the efficient and selective C–F alumination of fluorobenzenes with the aluminium(i) reagent [{(ArNCMe)2CH}Al] (Ar = 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriel Rekhroukh
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London 80 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Wenyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London 80 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Ryan K Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London 80 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London 80 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London 80 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
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18
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Amaradhi R, Banik A, Mohammed S, Patro V, Rojas A, Wang W, Motati DR, Dingledine R, Ganesh T. Potent, Selective, Water Soluble, Brain-Permeable EP2 Receptor Antagonist for Use in Central Nervous System Disease Models. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1032-1050. [PMID: 31904232 PMCID: PMC7394479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Activation of prostanoid EP2 receptor exacerbates neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative pathology in central nervous system diseases such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and cerebral aneurysms. A selective and brain-permeable EP2 antagonist will be useful to attenuate the inflammatory consequences of EP2 activation and to reduce the severity of these chronic diseases. We recently developed a brain-permeable EP2 antagonist 1 (TG6-10-1), which displayed anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions in rodent models of status epilepticus. However, this compound exhibited moderate selectivity to EP2, a short plasma half-life in rodents (1.7 h) and low aqueous solubility (27 μM), limiting its use in animal models of chronic disease. With lead-optimization studies, we have developed several novel EP2 antagonists with improved water solubility, brain penetration, high EP2 potency, and selectivity. These novel inhibitors suppress inflammatory gene expression induced by EP2 receptor activation in a microglial cell line, reinforcing the use of EP2 antagonists as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Amaradhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd; Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Avijit Banik
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd; Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Shabber Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd; Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Vidyavathi Patro
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd; Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Asheebo Rojas
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd; Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd; Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Damoder Reddy Motati
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd; Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Ray Dingledine
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd; Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd; Atlanta, GA, 30322, United States of America
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19
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Panigrahi A, Whitaker D, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Larrosa I. Ag/Pd Cocatalyzed Direct Arylation of Fluoroarene Derivatives with Aryl Bromides. ACS Catal 2020; 10:2100-2107. [PMID: 32201633 PMCID: PMC7079724 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diverse C-H functionalizations catalyzed by Pd employ Ag(I) salts added as halide abstractors or oxidants. Recent reports have shown that Ag can also perform the crucial C-H activation step in several of these functionalizations. However, all of these processes are limited by the wasteful requirement for (super)stoichiometric Ag(I) salts. Herein, we report the development of a Ag/Pd cocatalyzed direct arylation of (fluoroarene) chromium tricarbonyl complexes with bromoarenes. The small organic salt, NMe4OC(CF3)3, added as a halide abstractor, enables the use of a catalytic amount of Ag, reversing the rapid precipitation of AgBr. We have shown through H/D scrambling and kinetic studies that a (PR3)Ag-alkoxide is responsible for C-H activation, a departure from previous studies with Ag carboxylates. Furthermore, the construction of biaryls directly from the simple arene is achieved via a one-pot chromium tricarbonyl complexation/C-H arylation/decomplexation sequence using (pyrene)Cr(CO)3 as a Cr(CO)3 donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adyasha Panigrahi
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Daniel Whitaker
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | | | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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20
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Hu GQ, Li EC, Zhang HH, Huang W. Ag(i)-Mediated hydrogen isotope exchange of mono-fluorinated (hetero)arenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6627-6633. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01273d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach to install deuterium into mono-fluorinated (hetero)arenes by a Ag2CO3/Sphos-mediated HIE protocol with D2O as the deuterium source has been disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - En-Ci Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech. University (Nanjing Tech.)
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
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21
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Li EC, Hu GQ, Zhu YX, Zhang HH, Shen K, Hang XC, Zhang C, Huang W. Ag2CO3-Catalyzed H/D Exchange of Five-Membered Heteroarenes at Ambient Temperature. Org Lett 2019; 21:6745-6749. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- En-Ci Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Qi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Kang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Technical University (Nanjing Tech.), 30 Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P.R. China
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22
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Batuecas M, Luo J, Gergelitsová I, Krämer K, Whitaker D, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Larrosa I. Catalytic Asymmetric C-H Arylation of (η 6-Arene)Chromium Complexes: Facile Access to Planar-Chiral Phosphines. ACS Catal 2019; 9:5268-5278. [PMID: 32064145 PMCID: PMC7011738 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic asymmetric direct C-H arylation of (η6-arene)chromium complexes to obtain planar-chiral compounds is reported. The use of the hemilabile ligand H8-BINAP(O) is key to providing high enantioselectivity in this transformation. We show that this methodology opens the door to the synthesis of a variety of planar-chiral chromium derivatives which can be easily transformed into planar chiral mono- or diphosphines. Mechanistic studies, including synthesis and characterization of Pd and Ag complexes and their detection in the reaction mixture, suggest a Pd-catalyzed/Ag-promoted catalytic system where Ag carries out the C-H activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Batuecas
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Junfei Luo
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Ivana Gergelitsová
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katrina Krämer
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | - Daniel Whitaker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Igor Larrosa
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United
Kingdom
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23
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Font M, Spencer ARA, Larrosa I. meta-C-H arylation of fluoroarenes via traceless directing group relay strategy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7133-7137. [PMID: 30310635 PMCID: PMC6137440 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While several methods for the ortho selective arylation of fluoroarenes, meta-functionalisation has never been achieved. We report a new methodology, based on the traceless directing group relay concept, leading to the first meta-selective (hetero)arylation of fluoroarenes. In this strategy, CO2 is introduced as a transient directing group, to control a Pd-catalysed arylation meta to the fluoro functionality, prior to its release in a sequential, one-pot fashion. This method has shown compatibility with a number of functional groups and substitution patterns in both the fluoroarene core and aryl iodide coupling partners, and proceeds with complete meta-selectivity and mono vs. bis-arylation selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Font
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Andrew R A Spencer
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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24
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Weststrate NA, Bouwer S, Hassenrück C, van Jaarsveld NA, Liles DC, Winter RF, Lotz S. Synthesis and properties of Fischer carbene complexes of N,N-dimethylaniline and anisole π-coordinated to chromium tricarbonyl. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Wang S, Rodríguez-Escrich C, Fan X, Pericàs MA. A site isolation-enabled organocatalytic approach to enantiopure γ-amino alcohol drugs. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Kalepu J, Gandeepan P, Ackermann L, Pilarski LT. C4-H indole functionalisation: precedent and prospects. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4203-4216. [PMID: 29780550 PMCID: PMC5944383 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
C4-decorated indoles feature in a plethora of bioactive and functional compounds of importance to natural product synthesis, material sciences, as well as crop protection and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, their syntheses largely involved harsh stoichiometric metalations and radical reactions. However, transition metal catalysed C-H activation has recently evolved into a powerful strategy for the late-stage diversification of indoles at the C4-H position. Modern photoredox, enzymatic and precious transition metal catalysis represent the key stimuli for developing challenging C-C and C-Het bond forming transformations under mild reaction conditions. Herein, we discuss the evolution and application of these methods for the step-economical transformations of otherwise inert C4-H bonds up to December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Kalepu
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576 , 75-123 Uppsala , Sweden . ; https://www.pilarskigroup.org/
| | - Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany .
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Goettingen , Germany .
| | - Lukasz T Pilarski
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576 , 75-123 Uppsala , Sweden . ; https://www.pilarskigroup.org/
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27
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Takemoto S, Matsuzaka H. Recent topics on catalytic transformations of aromatic molecules via η 6 -arene transition metal complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Bigler R, Aggarwal VK. ortho
-Directing Chromium Arene Complexes as Efficient Mediators for Enantiospecific C(sp 2
)-C(sp 3
) Cross-Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bigler
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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29
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Bigler R, Aggarwal VK. ortho
-Directing Chromium Arene Complexes as Efficient Mediators for Enantiospecific C(sp2
)-C(sp3
) Cross-Coupling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:1082-1086. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Bigler
- School of Chemistry; University of Bristol; Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1
3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Jack A. Pike
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1
3LE, United Kingdom
| | - James W. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1
3LE, United Kingdom
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31
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Whitaker D, Batuecas M, Ricci P, Larrosa I. A Direct Arylation-Cyclisation Reaction for the Construction of Medium-Sized Rings. Chemistry 2017; 23:12763-12766. [PMID: 28758702 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for assembling biaryls linked through a medium-sized ring is herein presented. π-Complexation of fluoroarenes to chromium tricarbonyl activates the molecule towards both C-H activation and nucleophilic aromatic substitution without covalently altering the molecular connectivity of the arene. The construction of bridged biaryl molecules with 6-10-membered core rings is achieved through a one-pot C-H arylation/nucleophilic aromatic substitution sequence. The methodology is applicable to the synthesis of heterocyclic as well as fully carbocyclic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Whitaker
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - María Batuecas
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paolo Ricci
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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32
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da Costa MRG, Curto MJM, Davies SG, Teixeira FC, Thomson JE. Asymmetric ortho-deprotonation of (η6-arene) chromium tricarbonyl complexes substituted with a chiral hydroxylamine. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wan JP. Multicomponent Synthesis of Diverse o-Arylated Benzamides via o-Aminophenol (OAP) Directed C(sp2)-H Arylation. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8950-8957. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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34
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Davies DL, Macgregor SA, McMullin CL. Computational Studies of Carboxylate-Assisted C-H Activation and Functionalization at Group 8-10 Transition Metal Centers. Chem Rev 2017; 117:8649-8709. [PMID: 28530807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation and functionalization at group 8-10 transition metal centers are reviewed. This Review is organized by metal and will cover work published from late 2009 until mid-2016. A brief overview of computational work prior to 2010 is also provided, and this outlines the understanding of carboxylate-assisted C-H activation in terms of the "ambiphilic metal-ligand assistance" (AMLA) and "concerted metalation deprotonation" (CMD) concepts. Computational studies are then surveyed in terms of the nature of the C-H bond being activated (C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H), the nature of the process involved (intramolecular with a directing group or intermolecular), and the context (stoichiometric C-H activation or within a variety of catalytic processes). This Review aims to emphasize the connection between computation and experiment and to highlight the contribution of computational chemistry to our understanding of catalytic C-H functionalization based on carboxylate-assisted C-H activation. Some opportunities where the interplay between computation and experiment may contribute further to the areas of catalytic C-H functionalization and applied computational chemistry are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester , Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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35
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Su L, Guo DD, Li B, Guo SH, Pan GF, Gao YR, Wang YQ. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Monoarylation of Aryl C−H Bonds with Iodoarenes. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Dong-Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Shi-Huan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Gao-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Ya-Ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional, Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 P.R.China)
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36
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Kim J, Hong SH. Ligand-Promoted Direct C–H Arylation of Simple Arenes: Evidence for a Cooperative Bimetallic Mechanism. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro
1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry,
College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro
1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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37
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Chen J, Huang D, Ding Y. Rhodium-Catalyzedortho-Selective C-F Activation and Hydrodefluorination of Heterocycle-Substituted Polyfluoroarenes: Dominated by Phosphine Ligands. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122 China
| | - Dongyang Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122 China
| | - Yuqiang Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology; Ministry of Education; School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122 China
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38
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Pike SD, Crimmin MR, Chaplin AB. Organometallic chemistry using partially fluorinated benzenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3615-3633. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09575e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorobenzenes, in particular fluorobenzene (FB) and 1,2-difluorobenzene (1,2-DiFB), are versatile solvents for conducting organometallic chemistry and transition-metal-based catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
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39
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Simonetti M, Cannas DM, Larrosa I. Biaryl Synthesis via C–H Bond Activation. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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40
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Hauser SA, Emerson-King J, Habershon S, Chaplin AB. UV-light promoted C–H bond activation of benzene and fluorobenzenes by an iridium(i) pincer complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3634-3636. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09807j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UV irradiation of [Ir(2,6-(PtBu2CH2)2C6H3)(CO)] generates the transient and reactive 14 VE Ir(i) fragment {Ir(2,6-(PtBu2CH2)2C6H3)}, which subsequently undergoes C–H bond activation of benzene and fluorobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scott Habershon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
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41
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Lee SY, Hartwig JF. Palladium-Catalyzed, Site-Selective Direct Allylation of Aryl C-H Bonds by Silver-Mediated C-H Activation: A Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15278-15284. [PMID: 27797512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method for the site-selective construction of a C(aryl)-C(sp3) bond by the palladium-catalyzed direct allylation of arenes with allylic pivalates in the presence of AgOPiv to afford the linear (E)-allylated arene with excellent regioselectivity; this reaction occurs with arenes that have not undergone site-selective and stereoselective direct allylation previously, such as monofluorobenzenes and non-fluorinated arenes. Mechanistic studies indicate that AgOPiv ligated by a phosphine reacts with the arene to form an arylsilver(I) species, presumably through a concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway. The activated aryl moiety is then transferred to an allylpalladium(II) intermediate formed by oxidative addition of the allylic pivalate to the Pd(0) complex. Subsequent reductive elimination furnishes the allyl-aryl coupled product. The aforementioned proposed intermediates, including an arylsilver complex, have been isolated, structurally characterized, and determined to be chemically and kinetically competent to undergo the proposed elementary steps of the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Yunmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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42
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C–H activation reactions as useful tools for medicinal chemists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5378-5383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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43
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Yin-Bandur L, Sanz Miguel PJ, Rodríguez-Santiago L, Sodupe M, Berghaus M, Lippert B. Multiple Condensation Reactions Involving PtII/PdII−OH2, Pt−NH3, and Cytosine−NH2Groups: New Twists in Cisplatin−Nucleobase Chemistry. Chemistry 2016; 22:13653-68. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yin-Bandur
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie (CCB); Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Pablo J. Sanz Miguel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Sintesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | | | - Mariona Sodupe
- Department da Química; Universitat Autónoma Barcelona; Bellaterra 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Melanie Berghaus
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie (CCB); Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
| | - Bernhard Lippert
- Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie (CCB); Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44221 Dortmund Germany
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44
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Whitaker D, Burés J, Larrosa I. Ag(I)-Catalyzed C–H Activation: The Role of the Ag(I) Salt in Pd/Ag-Mediated C–H Arylation of Electron-Deficient Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8384-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Whitaker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jordi Burés
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry Exhibition Road,
South Kensington, SW7 2AZ, London, U.K
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K
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45
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Han J, Zheng Y, Wang C, Zhu Y, Huang ZB, Shi DQ, Zeng R, Zhao Y. Pd-Catalyzed Coupling of γ-C(sp3)–H Bonds of Oxalyl Amide-Protected Amino Acids with Heteroaryl and Aryl Iodides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5681-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yongxiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Da-Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Runsheng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yingsheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic
Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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46
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Nishikata T, Abela AR, Huang S, Lipshutz BH. Cationic Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/cross-coupling reactions at room temperature: synthetic and mechanistic studies. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1040-64. [PMID: 27340491 PMCID: PMC4902085 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic palladium(II) complexes have been found to be highly reactive towards aromatic C-H activation of arylureas at room temperature. A commercially available catalyst [Pd(MeCN)4](BF4)2 or a nitrile-free cationic palladium(II) complex generated in situ from the reaction of Pd(OAc)2 and HBF4, effectively catalyzes C-H activation/cross-coupling reactions between aryl iodides, arylboronic acids and acrylates under milder conditions than those previously reported. The nature of the directing group was found to be critical for achieving room temperature conditions, with the urea moiety the most effective in promoting facile coupling reactions at an ortho C-H position. This methodology has been utilized in a streamlined and efficient synthesis of boscalid, an agent produced on the kiloton scale annually and used to control a range of plant pathogens in broadacre and horticultural crops. Mechanistic investigations led to a proposed catalytic cycle involving three steps: (1) C-H activation to generate a cationic palladacycle; (2) reaction of the cationic palladacycle with an aryl iodide, arylboronic acid or acrylate, and (3) regeneration of the active cationic palladium catalyst. The reaction between a cationic palladium(II) complex and arylurea allowed the formation and isolation of the corresponding palladacycle intermediate, characterized by X-ray analysis. Roles of various additives in the stepwise process have also been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Alexander R Abela
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Shenlin Huang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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47
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Korb M, Swarts PJ, Miesel D, Hildebrandt A, Swarts JC, Lang H. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions for the Synthesis of Ferrocenyl Aryl Ethers. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of
Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D−09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Pieter J. Swarts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Dominique Miesel
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of
Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D−09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of
Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D−09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jannie C. Swarts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of
Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D−09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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48
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Berkessa SC, Clarke ZJ, Fotie J, Bohle DS, Grimm CC. Silver(I)-mediated regioselective oxidative cross-coupling of phenol and aniline derivatives resulting in 2′-aminobiphenyl-2-ols. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.02.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Liu Y, Huang B, Cao X, Wan JP. Tunable Di- and Mono-γ-C−H Arylation of Phenylacetamides by Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reactions. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang 330022 P.R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang 330022 P.R. China
| | - Xiaoji Cao
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement; Zhejiang University of Technology; 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310014 P.R. China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangxi Normal University; Nanchang 330022 P.R. China
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50
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Simonetti M, Perry GJP, Cambeiro XC, Juliá-Hernández F, Arokianathar JN, Larrosa I. Ru-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Fluoroarenes with Aryl Halides. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3596-606. [PMID: 26942551 PMCID: PMC4805314 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
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Although
the ruthenium-catalyzed C–H arylation of arenes
bearing directing groups with haloarenes is well-known, this process
has never been achieved in the absence of directing groups. We report
the first example of such a process and show that unexpectedly the
reaction only takes place in the presence of catalytic amounts of
a benzoic acid. Furthermore, contrary to other transition metals,
the arylation site selectivity is governed by both electronic and
steric factors. Stoichiometric and NMR mechanistic studies support
a catalytic cycle that involves a well-defined η6-arene-ligand-free Ru(II) catalyst. Indeed, upon initial pivalate-assisted
C–H activation, the aryl-Ru(II) intermediate generated is able
to react with an aryl bromide coupling partner only in the presence
of a benzoate additive. In contrast, directing-group-containing substrates
(such as 2-phenylpyridine) do not require a benzoate additive. Deuterium
labeling and kinetic isotope effect experiments indicate that C–H
activation is both reversible and kinetically significant. Computational
studies support a concerted metalation–deprotonation (CMD)-type
ruthenation mode and shed light on the unusual arylation regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Simonetti
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.,School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J P Perry
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Xacobe C Cambeiro
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Juliá-Hernández
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Jude N Arokianathar
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London , Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Larrosa
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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