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Yang E, Yao Y, Su H, Sun Z, Gao SS, Sureram S, Kittakoop P, Fan K, Pan Y, Xu X, Sun ZH, Ma G, Liu G. Two Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Form the Tricyclic Nested Skeleton of Meroterpenoids by Sequential Oxidative Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38602511 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Meroterpenoid clavilactones feature a unique benzo-fused ten-membered carbocyclic ring unit with an α,β-epoxy-γ-lactone moiety, forming an intriguing 10/5/3 tricyclic nested skeleton. These compounds are good inhibitors of the tyrosine kinase, attracting a lot of chemical synthesis studies. However, the natural enzymes involved in the formation of the 10/5/3 tricyclic nested skeleton remain unexplored. Here, we identified a gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of clavilactone A in the basidiomycetous fungus Clitocybe clavipes. We showed that a key cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ClaR catalyzes the diradical coupling reaction between the intramolecular hydroquinone and allyl moieties to form the benzo-fused ten-membered carbocyclic ring unit, followed by the P450 ClaT that exquisitely and stereoselectively assembles the α,β-epoxy-γ-lactone moiety in clavilactone biosynthesis. ClaR unprecedentedly acts as a macrocyclase to catalyze the oxidative cyclization of the isopentenyl to the nonterpenoid moieties to form the benzo-fused macrocycle, and a multifunctional P450 ClaT catalyzes a ten-electron oxidation to accomplish the biosynthesis of the 10/5/3 tricyclic nested skeleton in clavilactones. Our findings establish the foundation for the efficient production of clavilactones using synthetic biology approaches and provide the mechanistic insights into the macrocycle formation in the biosynthesis of fungal meroterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlan Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yongpeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
| | - Zhaocui Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Shan Gao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, P.R. China
| | - Sanya Sureram
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Keqiang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Hao Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Abstract
Covering: up to July 2023Terpene cyclases (TCs) catalyze some of the most complicated reactions in nature and are responsible for creating the skeletons of more than 95 000 terpenoid natural products. The canonical TCs are divided into two classes according to their structures, functions, and mechanisms. The class II TCs mediate acid-base-initiated cyclization reactions of isoprenoid diphosphates, terpenes without diphosphates (e.g., squalene or oxidosqualene), and prenyl moieties on meroterpenes. The past twenty years witnessed the emergence of many class II TCs, their reactions and their roles in biosynthesis. Class II TCs often act as one of the first steps in the biosynthesis of biologically active natural products including the gibberellin family of phytohormones and fungal meroterpenoids. Due to their mechanisms and biocatalytic potential, TCs elicit fervent attention in the biosynthetic and organic communities and provide great enthusiasm for enzyme engineering to construct novel and bioactive molecules. To engineer and expand the structural diversities of terpenoids, it is imperative to fully understand how these enzymes generate, precisely control, and quench the reactive carbocation intermediates. In this review, we summarize class II TCs from nature, including sesquiterpene, diterpene, triterpene, and meroterpenoid cyclases as well as noncanonical class II TCs and inspect their sequences, structures, mechanisms, and structure-guided engineering studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7011, USA.
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Xiao Z, Yang Q, Lin X, Li FR, Zhang X, Xu HM, Wang Z, Wang J, Dong LB. Cytochrome P450-Mediated Skeleton Rearrangement of Taxadiene in an Engineered Escherichia coli System. Org Lett 2024; 26:1640-1644. [PMID: 38382064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we constructed a taxadiene overproduction platform and identified a cytochrome P450, CYP701A8, that activates the inert C-H bonds in taxadiene to produce three oxidized products (1-3). Compound 1 possesses a newly identified 1 (15→11) abeotaxane skeleton, while 3 features a distinctive 6/10-fused carbocyclic core with an α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety. Our quantum computations suggested a carbocation-driven rearrangement in the formation of 1. These results support CYP701A8 as a promising biocatalyst for the generation of novel taxane diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoxu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fang-Ru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hui-Min Xu
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Wang Z, Yang Q, He J, Li H, Pan X, Li Z, Xu HM, Rudolf JD, Tantillo DJ, Dong LB. Cytochrome P450 Mediated Cyclization in Eunicellane Derived Diterpenoid Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312490. [PMID: 37735947 PMCID: PMC11212149 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Terpene cyclization, one of the most complex chemical reactions in nature, is generally catalyzed by two classes of terpene cyclases (TCs). Cytochrome P450s that act as unexpected TC-like enzymes are known but are very rare. In this study, we genome-mined a cryptic bacterial terpenoid gene cluster, named ari, from the thermophilic actinomycete strain Amycolatopsis arida. By employing a heterologous production system, we isolated and characterized three highly oxidized eunicellane derived diterpenoids, aridacins A-C (1-3), that possess a 6/7/5-fused tricyclic scaffold. In vivo and in vitro experiments systematically established a noncanonical two-step biosynthetic pathway for diterpene skeleton formation. First, a class I TC (AriE) cyclizes geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into a 6/10-fused bicyclic cis-eunicellane skeleton. Next, a cytochrome P450 (AriF) catalyzes cyclization of the eunicellane skeleton into the 6/7/5-fused tricyclic scaffold through C2-C6 bond formation. Based on the results of quantum chemical computations, hydrogen abstraction followed by electron transfer coupled to barrierless carbocation ring closure is shown to be a viable mechanism for AriF-mediated cyclization. The biosynthetic logic of skeleton construction in the aridacins is unprecedented, expanding the catalytic capacity and diversity of P450s and setting the stage to investigate the inherent principles of carbocation generation by P450s in the biosynthesis of terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jingyi He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Haixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xingming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zining Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL-32611, USA
| | - Hui-Min Xu
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL-32611, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA-95616, USA
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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Permana D, Kitaoka T, Ichinose H. Conversion and synthesis of chemicals catalyzed by fungal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37139574 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (also called CYPs or P450s) are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases. They are distributed in all biological kingdoms. Most fungi have at least two P450-encoding genes, CYP51 and CYP61, which are housekeeping genes that play important roles in the synthesis of sterols. However, the kingdom fungi is an interesting source of numerous P450s. Here, we review reports on fungal P450s and their applications in the bioconversion and biosynthesis of chemicals. We highlight their history, availability, and versatility. We describe their involvement in hydroxylation, dealkylation, oxygenation, C═C epoxidation, C-C cleavage, C-C ring formation and expansion, C-C ring contraction, and uncommon reactions in bioconversion and/or biosynthesis pathways. The ability of P450s to catalyze these reactions makes them promising enzymes for many applications. Thus, we also discuss future prospects in this field. We hope that this review will stimulate further study and exploitation of fungal P450s for specific reactions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Permana
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, The National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN)), Bandung Advanced Science and Creative Engineering Space (BASICS), Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi (KST) Prof. Dr. Samaun Samadikun, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Takuya Kitaoka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yang YM, Zhao EJ, Wei W, Xu ZF, Shi J, Wu X, Zhang B, Igarashi Y, Jiao RH, Liang Y, Tan RX, Ge HM. Cytochrome P450 Catalyzes Benzene Ring Formation in the Biosynthesis of Trialkyl-Substituted Aromatic Polyketides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214026. [PMID: 36458944 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Lorneic acid and related natural products are characterized by a trialkyl-substituted benzene ring. The formation of the aromatic core in the middle of the polyketide chain is unusual. We characterized a cytochrome P450 enzyme that can catalyze the hallmark benzene ring formation from an acyclic polyene substrate through genetic and biochemical analysis. Using this P450 as a beacon for genome mining, we obtained 12 homologous type I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters, among which two gene clusters are activated and able to produce trialkyl-substituted aromatic polyketides. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to elucidate the plausible mechanism for P450-catalyzed benzene ring formation. Our work expands our knowledge of the catalytic diversity of cytochrome P450.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Er Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zi Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yasuhiro Igarashi
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Rui Hua Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Centre (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Zhang T, Gu G, Liu G, Su J, Zhan Z, Zhao J, Qian J, Cai G, Cen S, Zhang D, Yu L. Late-stage cascade of oxidation reactions during the biosynthesis of oxalicine B in Penicillium oxalicum. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:256-270. [PMID: 36815048 PMCID: PMC9939320 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalicine B (1) is an α-pyrone meroterpenoid with a unique bispirocyclic ring system derived from Penicillium oxalicum. The biosynthetic pathway of 15-deoxyoxalicine B (4) was preliminarily reported in Penicillium canescens, however, the genetic base and biochemical characterization of tailoring reactions for oxalicine B (1) has remained enigmatic. In this study, we characterized three oxygenases from the metabolic pathway of oxalicine B (1), including a cytochrome P450 hydroxylase OxaL, a hydroxylating Fe(II)/α-KG-dependent dioxygenase OxaK, and a multifunctional cytochrome P450 OxaB. Intriguingly, OxaK can catalyze various multicyclic intermediates or shunt products of oxalicines with impressive substrate promiscuity. OxaB was further proven via biochemical assays to have the ability to convert 15-hydroxdecaturin A (3) to 1 with a spiro-lactone core skeleton through oxidative rearrangement. We also solved the mystery of OxaL that controls C-15 hydroxylation. Chemical investigation of the wild-type strain and deletants enabled us to identify 10 metabolites including three new compounds, and the isolated compounds displayed potent anti-influenza A virus bioactivities exhibiting IC50 values in the range of 4.0-19.9 μmol/L. Our studies have allowed us to propose a late-stage biosynthetic pathway for oxalicine B (1) and create downstream derivatizations of oxalicines by employing enzymatic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guowei Gu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jinhua Su
- The Third Medical Center, The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhilai Zhan
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinxiu Qian
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guowei Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dewu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China,Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 10 63187118.
| | - Liyan Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China,Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 10 63187118.
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Bansal R, Sethy SK, Khan Z, Shaikh N, Banerjee K, Mukherjee PK. Genetic Evidence in Favor of a Polyketide Origin of Acremeremophilanes, the Fungal "Sesquiterpene" Metabolites. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0179322. [PMID: 35938791 PMCID: PMC9430172 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01793-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eremophilanes are a large group of "sesquiterpenes" produced by plants and fungi, with more than 180 compounds being known in fungi alone. Many of these compounds are phytotoxic, antimicrobial, anticancer and immunomodulators, and hence are of great economic values. Acremeremophilanes A to O have earlier been reported in a marine isolate of Acremonium sp. We report here the presence of Acremeremophilane I, G, K, N, and O, in a plant beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens, in a strain-specific manner. We also describe a novel, P strain-specific polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster in T. virens. This gene cluster, designated amm cluster, is absent in the genome of a Q strain of T. virens, and in other Trichoderma spp.; instead, a near identical cluster is present in the genome of the toxic mold Stachybotrys chartarum. Using gene knockout, we provide evidence that acremeremophilanes are biosynthesized via a polyketide route, and not via the mevalonate/terpene synthesis route as believed. We propose here that the 10-carbon skeleton is a product of polyketide synthase, to which a five-carbon isoprene unit is added by a prenyl transferase (PT), a gene for which is present next to the PKS gene in the genome. Based on this evidence, we propose that at least some of the eremophilanes classified in literature as sesquiterpenes (catalyzed by terpene cyclase) are actually meroterpenes (catalyzed by PKSs and PTs), and that the core moiety is not a sesquiterpene, but a hybrid polyketide/isoprene unit. IMPORTANCE The article contradicts the established fact that acremeremophilane metabolites produced by fungi are sesquiterpenes; instead, our findings suggest that at least some of these well-studied metabolites are of polyketide origin. Acremeremophilane metabolites are of medicinal significance, and the present findings have implications for the metabolic engineering of these metabolites and also their overproduction in microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Bansal
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Sethy
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zareen Khan
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR–National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nasiruddin Shaikh
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR–National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR–National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasun K. Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Novel geranylhydroquinone derived meroterpenoids from the fungus Clitocybe clavipes and their cytotoxic activity. Fitoterapia 2022; 161:105251. [PMID: 35803523 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Three novel geranylhydroquinone derived meroterpenoids, named clavilactones J and K (1-2) and clavipol C (3), were isolated from the basidiomycete Clitocybe clavipes. Their structures were unambiguously identified by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, and the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation, Gauge-Including Atomic Orbitals (GIAO) NMR calculations and Mo2(OAc)4-induced electronic circular dichroism experiments were used to establish their absolute configurations. Compound 1, with two epoxy groups located at the 10-membered carbocycle, is uncommon in the reported meroterpenoids from C. clavipes. All the obtained compounds (1-3) were tested for their cytotoxic activity against human tumor cell line HGC-27 by using the MTT assay. All the compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against HGC-27 cell with IC50 values ranging from 33.5 to 56.6 μM.
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Biosynthesis of Indole Diterpene Lolitrems: Radical‐Induced Cyclization of an Epoxyalcohol Affording a Characteristic Lolitremane Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Jiang Y, Ozaki T, Harada M, Miyasaka T, Sato H, Miyamoto K, Kanazawa J, Liu C, Maruyama J, Adachi M, Nakazaki A, Nishikawa T, Uchiyama M, Minami A, Oikawa H. Biosynthesis of Indole Diterpene Lolitrems: Radical‐Induced Cyclization of an Epoxyalcohol Affording a Characteristic Lolitremane Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17996-18002. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Mei Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tadachika Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Junichiro Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Present address: College of Life Sciences Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Jun‐ichi Maruyama
- Department of Biotechnology Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Masaatsu Adachi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University 6-3. Aoba, Aramaki Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Atsuo Nakazaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Toshio Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University, Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
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12
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Rudolf JD, Chang CY. Terpene synthases in disguise: enzymology, structure, and opportunities of non-canonical terpene synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:425-463. [PMID: 31650156 PMCID: PMC7101268 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2019 Terpene synthases (TSs) are responsible for generating much of the structural diversity found in the superfamily of terpenoid natural products. These elegant enzymes mediate complex carbocation-based cyclization and rearrangement cascades with a variety of electron-rich linear and cyclic substrates. For decades, two main classes of TSs, divided by how they generate the reaction-triggering initial carbocation, have dominated the field of terpene enzymology. Recently, several novel and unconventional TSs that perform TS-like reactions but do not resemble canonical TSs in sequence or structure have been discovered. In this review, we identify 12 families of non-canonical TSs and examine their sequences, structures, functions, and proposed mechanisms. Nature provides a wide diversity of enzymes, including prenyltransferases, methyltransferases, P450s, and NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases, as well as completely new enzymes, that utilize distinctive reaction mechanisms for TS chemistry. These unique non-canonical TSs provide immense opportunities to understand how nature evolved different tools for terpene biosynthesis by structural and mechanistic characterization while affording new probes for the discovery of novel terpenoid natural products and gene clusters via genome mining. With every new discovery, the dualistic paradigm of TSs is contradicted and the field of terpene chemistry and enzymology continues to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Chin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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13
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Hussain R, Ahmed M, Khan TA, Akhter Y. Fungal P 450 monooxygenases - the diversity in catalysis and their promising roles in biocontrol activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:989-999. [PMID: 31858195 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The fungal P450s catalyze vital monooxygenation reactions in primary and secondary metabolism, which may lead to the production of diverse secondary metabolites. Many of these, such as from the family of trichothecenes, involve in biocontrol activities. The diversified nature of fungal P450 monooxygenases makes their host organisms adoptable to various ecological niches. The available genome data analysis provided an insight into the activity and mechanisms of the fungal P450s. However, still more structural and functional studies are needed to elucidate the details of its catalytic mechanism, and the advance studies are also required to decipher further about their dynamic role in various aspects of trichothecene oxygenations. This mini review will provide updated information on different fungal P450 monooxygenases, their genetic diversity, and their role in catalyzing various biochemical reactions leading to the production of plant growth promoting secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razak Hussain
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Tabreiz Ahmad Khan
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India.
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14
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Helfrich EJN, Lin GM, Voigt CA, Clardy J. Bacterial terpene biosynthesis: challenges and opportunities for pathway engineering. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2889-2906. [PMID: 31839835 PMCID: PMC6902898 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are the largest and structurally most diverse class of natural products. They possess potent and specific biological activity in multiple assays and against diseases, including cancer and malaria as notable examples. Although the number of characterized terpenoid molecules is huge, our knowledge of how they are biosynthesized is limited, particularly when compared to the well-studied thiotemplate assembly lines. Bacteria have only recently been recognized as having the genetic potential to biosynthesize a large number of complex terpenoids, but our current ability to associate genetic potential with molecular structure is severely restricted. The canonical terpene biosynthetic pathway uses a single enzyme to form a cyclized hydrocarbon backbone followed by modifications with a suite of tailoring enzymes that can generate dozens of different products from a single backbone. This functional promiscuity of terpene biosynthetic pathways renders terpene biosynthesis susceptible to rational pathway engineering using the latest developments in the field of synthetic biology. These engineered pathways will not only facilitate the rational creation of both known and novel terpenoids, their development will deepen our understanding of a significant branch of biosynthesis. The biosynthetic insights gained will likely empower a greater degree of engineering proficiency for non-natural terpene biosynthetic pathways and pave the way towards the biotechnological production of high value terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J N Helfrich
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, United States
| | - Geng-Min Lin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, United States
| | - Christopher A Voigt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, United States
| | - Jon Clardy
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Boston, United States
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15
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Chen X, Wang L, Zhang J, Jiang T, Hu C, Li D, Zou Y. Immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid biosynthesis employs a new globin-like enzyme for prenyl side chain cleavage. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1253-1258. [PMID: 31867170 PMCID: PMC6900556 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA, 1) and its derivatives are first-line immunosuppressants used in organ transplantation and for treating autoimmune diseases. Despite chemical synthetic achievements, the biosynthetic formation of a seven-carbon carboxylic acid pharmacophore side chain of 1, especially the processes involving the cleavage of the prenyl side chain between DHMP (4) and DMMPA (5), remains unknown. In this work, we identified a membrane-bound prenyltransferase, PgMpaA, that transfers FPP to 4 to yield FDHMP (6). Compound 6 undergoes the first cleavage step via a new globin-like enzyme PgMpaB to form a cryptic intermediate 12. Heterologous expression of PgMpa genes in Aspergillus nidulans demonstrates that the second cleavage step (from 12 to 5) of 1 is a PgMpa cluster-independent process in vivo. Our results, especially the discovery of the broad tolerance of substrates recognized by PgMpaB, set up a strategy for the formation of "pseudo-isopentenyl" natural products using fungal globin-like enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinmei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changhua Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yi Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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16
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Hong B, Liu W, Wang J, Wu J, Kadonaga Y, Cai PJ, Lou HX, Yu ZX, Li H, Lei X. Photoinduced Skeletal Rearrangements Reveal Radical-Mediated Synthesis of Terpenoids. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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Vil' VA, Gorlov ES, Bityukov OV, Barsegyan YA, Romanova YE, Merkulova VM, Terent'ev AO. C−O coupling of Malonyl Peroxides with Enol Ethers
via
[5+2] Cycloaddition: Non‐Rubottom Oxidation. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera A. Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prospect Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii S. Gorlov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prospect Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia 9 Miusskaya Square Moscow 125047 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg V. Bityukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prospect Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Yana A. Barsegyan
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prospect Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Yulia E. Romanova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prospect Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia 9 Miusskaya Square Moscow 125047 Russian Federation
| | - Valentina M. Merkulova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prospect Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O. Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prospect Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
- D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia 9 Miusskaya Square Moscow 125047 Russian Federation
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18
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Quan Z, Awakawa T, Wang D, Hu Y, Abe I. Multidomain P450 Epoxidase and a Terpene Cyclase from the Ascochlorin Biosynthetic Pathway in Fusarium sp. Org Lett 2019; 21:2330-2334. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Quan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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19
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Xiao H, Zhang Y, Wang M. Discovery and Engineering of Cytochrome P450s for Terpenoid Biosynthesis. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:618-631. [PMID: 30528904 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids represent 60% of known natural products, including many drugs and drug candidates, and their biosynthesis is attracting great interest. However, the unknown cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in terpenoid biosynthetic pathways make the heterologous production of related terpenoids impossible, while the slow kinetics of some known CYPs greatly limit the efficiency of terpenoid biosynthesis. Thus, there is a compelling need to discover and engineer CYPs for terpenoid biosynthesis to fully realize their great potential for industrial application. This review article summarizes the current state of CYP discovery and engineering in terpenoid biosynthesis, focusing on recent synthetic biology approaches toward prototyping CYPs in heterologous hosts. We also propose several strategies for further accelerating CYP discovery and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and Laboratory of Molecular Biochemical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China; Co-first author with equal contribution.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Co-first author with equal contribution
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
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20
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Tazawa A, Ye Y, Ozaki T, Liu C, Ogasawara Y, Dairi T, Higuchi Y, Kato N, Gomi K, Minami A, Oikawa H. Total Biosynthesis of Brassicicenes: Identification of a Key Enzyme for Skeletal Diversification. Org Lett 2018; 20:6178-6182. [PMID: 30230338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of brassicicenes, derived from the phytopathogen Pseudocercospora fijiensis, was fully reconstituted. Heterologous expression of the eight genes highly expressed in infected leaf tissues generated a new brassicicene derivative as a final product. Together with the characterization of P450 from Alternaria brassicicola, a late stage of the biosynthetic pathway, which generates remarkable structural diversity, has been proposed. Notably, a unique P450 that converts 3 to the structurally distinct 4 and 6 was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tazawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Taro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Yasushi Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Tohru Dairi
- Graduate School of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Nobuo Kato
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Katsuya Gomi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Tohoku University , Sendai 981-8555 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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21
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High-efficiency α-benzoyloxylation and hydroxylation of β-keto amides by phase transfer catalysis. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Harvey CJB, Tang M, Schlecht U, Horecka J, Fischer CR, Lin HC, Li J, Naughton B, Cherry J, Miranda M, Li YF, Chu AM, Hennessy JR, Vandova GA, Inglis D, Aiyar RS, Steinmetz LM, Davis RW, Medema MH, Sattely E, Khosla C, St. Onge RP, Tang Y, Hillenmeyer ME. HEx: A heterologous expression platform for the discovery of fungal natural products. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar5459. [PMID: 29651464 PMCID: PMC5895447 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar5459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
For decades, fungi have been a source of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved natural products such as penicillin, cyclosporine, and the statins. Recent breakthroughs in DNA sequencing suggest that millions of fungal species exist on Earth, with each genome encoding pathways capable of generating as many as dozens of natural products. However, the majority of encoded molecules are difficult or impossible to access because the organisms are uncultivable or the genes are transcriptionally silent. To overcome this bottleneck in natural product discovery, we developed the HEx (Heterologous EXpression) synthetic biology platform for rapid, scalable expression of fungal biosynthetic genes and their encoded metabolites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We applied this platform to 41 fungal biosynthetic gene clusters from diverse fungal species from around the world, 22 of which produced detectable compounds. These included novel compounds with unexpected biosynthetic origins, particularly from poorly studied species. This result establishes the HEx platform for rapid discovery of natural products from any fungal species, even those that are uncultivable, and opens the door to discovery of the next generation of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. B. Harvey
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mancheng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ulrich Schlecht
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Joe Horecka
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Curt R. Fischer
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Stanford ChEM-H (Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Brian Naughton
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - James Cherry
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Molly Miranda
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yong Fuga Li
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Angela M. Chu
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - James R. Hennessy
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Gergana A. Vandova
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Diane Inglis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Raeka S. Aiyar
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Lars M. Steinmetz
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronald W. Davis
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Marnix H. Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Stanford ChEM-H (Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Robert P. St. Onge
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maureen E. Hillenmeyer
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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23
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Dang TT, Franke J, Tatsis E, O'Connor SE. Dual Catalytic Activity of a Cytochrome P450 Controls Bifurcation at a Metabolic Branch Point of Alkaloid Biosynthesis in Rauwolfia serpentina. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9440-9444. [PMID: 28654178 PMCID: PMC5582599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants create tremendous chemical diversity from a single biosynthetic intermediate. In plant-derived ajmalan alkaloid pathways, the biosynthetic intermediate vomilenine can be transformed into the anti-arrhythmic compound ajmaline, or alternatively, can isomerize to form perakine, an alkaloid with a structurally distinct scaffold. Here we report the discovery and characterization of vinorine hydroxylase, a cytochrome P450 enzyme that hydroxylates vinorine to form vomilenine, which was found to exist as a mixture of rapidly interconverting epimers. Surprisingly, this cytochrome P450 also catalyzes the non-oxidative isomerization of the ajmaline precursor vomilenine to perakine. This unusual dual catalytic activity of vinorine hydroxylase thereby provides a control mechanism for the bifurcation of these alkaloid pathway branches. This discovery highlights the unusual catalytic functionality that has evolved in plant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu‐Thuy T. Dang
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreColney LaneNorwichUK
| | - Jakob Franke
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreColney LaneNorwichUK
| | - Evangelos Tatsis
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreColney LaneNorwichUK
| | - Sarah E. O'Connor
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreColney LaneNorwichUK
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24
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Dang TTT, Franke J, Tatsis E, O'Connor SE. Dual Catalytic Activity of a Cytochrome P450 Controls Bifurcation at a Metabolic Branch Point of Alkaloid Biosynthesis inRauwolfia serpentina. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Thuy T. Dang
- Department of Biological Chemistry; John Innes Centre; Colney Lane Norwich UK
| | - Jakob Franke
- Department of Biological Chemistry; John Innes Centre; Colney Lane Norwich UK
| | - Evangelos Tatsis
- Department of Biological Chemistry; John Innes Centre; Colney Lane Norwich UK
| | - Sarah E. O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry; John Innes Centre; Colney Lane Norwich UK
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25
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Yap HYY, Muria-Gonzalez MJ, Kong BH, Stubbs KA, Tan CS, Ng ST, Tan NH, Solomon PS, Fung SY, Chooi YH. Heterologous expression of cytotoxic sesquiterpenoids from the medicinal mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis in yeast. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:103. [PMID: 28606152 PMCID: PMC5468996 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome mining facilitated by heterologous systems is an emerging approach to access the chemical diversity encoded in basidiomycete genomes. In this study, three sesquiterpene synthase genes, GME3634, GME3638, and GME9210, which were highly expressed in the sclerotium of the medicinal mushroom Lignosus rhinocerotis, were cloned and heterologously expressed in a yeast system. Results Metabolite profile analysis of the yeast culture extracts by GC–MS showed the production of several sesquiterpene alcohols (C15H26O), including cadinols and germacrene D-4-ol as major products. Other detected sesquiterpenes include selina-6-en-4-ol, β-elemene, β-cubebene, and cedrene. Two purified major compounds namely (+)-torreyol and α-cadinol synthesised by GME3638 and GME3634 respectively, are stereoisomers and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that GME3638 and GME3634 are a pair of orthologues, and are grouped together with terpene synthases that synthesise cadinenes and related sesquiterpenes. (+)-Torreyol and α-cadinol were tested against a panel of human cancer cell lines and the latter was found to exhibit selective potent cytotoxicity in breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) with IC50 value of 3.5 ± 0.58 μg/ml while α-cadinol is less active (IC50 = 18.0 ± 3.27 μg/ml). Conclusions This demonstrates that yeast-based genome mining, guided by transcriptomics, is a promising approach for uncovering bioactive compounds from medicinal mushrooms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-017-0713-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yeng Yeannie Yap
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mariano Jordi Muria-Gonzalez
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Boon-Hong Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Chon-Seng Tan
- Ligno Biotech, 43300, Balakong Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Szu-Ting Ng
- Ligno Biotech, 43300, Balakong Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nget-Hong Tan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Peter S Solomon
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Shin-Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. .,School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
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26
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Tang X, Li J, Moore BS. Minimization of the Thiolactomycin Biosynthetic Pathway Reveals that the Cytochrome P450 Enzyme TlmF Is Required for Five-Membered Thiolactone Ring Formation. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1072-1076. [PMID: 28393452 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Thiolactomycin (TLM) belongs to a class of rare and unique thiotetronate antibiotics that inhibit bacterial fatty acid synthesis. Although this group of natural product antibiotics was first discovered over 30 years ago, the study of TLM biosynthesis remains in its infancy. We recently discovered the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for TLM from the marine bacterium Salinispora pacifica CNS-863. Here, we report the investigation of TLM biosynthetic logic through mutagenesis and comparative metabolic analyses. Our results revealed that only four genes (tlmF, tlmG, tlmH, and tlmI) are required for the construction of the characteristic γ-thiolactone skeleton of this class of antibiotics. We further showed that the cytochrome P450 TlmF does not directly participate in sulfur insertion and C-S bond formation chemistry but rather in the construction of the five-membered thiolactone ring as, upon its deletion, we observed the alternative production of the six-membered δ-thiolactomycin. Our findings pave the way for future biochemical investigation of the biosynthesis of this structurally unique group of thiotetronic acid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tang
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0204, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0204, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0204, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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27
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Abstract
Oxidative cyclizations are important transformations that occur widely during natural product biosynthesis. The transformations from acyclic precursors to cyclized products can afford morphed scaffolds, structural rigidity, and biological activities. Some of the most dramatic structural alterations in natural product biosynthesis occur through oxidative cyclization. In this Review, we examine the different strategies used by nature to create new intra(inter)molecular bonds via redox chemistry. This Review will cover both oxidation- and reduction-enabled cyclization mechanisms, with an emphasis on the former. Radical cyclizations catalyzed by P450, nonheme iron, α-KG-dependent oxygenases, and radical SAM enzymes are discussed to illustrate the use of molecular oxygen and S-adenosylmethionine to forge new bonds at unactivated sites via one-electron manifolds. Nonradical cyclizations catalyzed by flavin-dependent monooxygenases and NAD(P)H-dependent reductases are covered to show the use of two-electron manifolds in initiating cyclization reactions. The oxidative installations of epoxides and halogens into acyclic scaffolds to drive subsequent cyclizations are separately discussed as examples of "disappearing" reactive handles. Last, oxidative rearrangement of rings systems, including contractions and expansions, will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Cheng Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yi Zou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Christopher T. Walsh
- Stanford University Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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28
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Production of taxadiene by engineering of mevalonate pathway in Escherichia coli
and endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata
TPF6. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Lin YL, Ma LT, Lee YR, Shaw JF, Wang SY, Chu FH. Differential Gene Expression Network in Terpenoid Synthesis of Antrodia cinnamomea in Mycelia and Fruiting Bodies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1874-1886. [PMID: 28234464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antodia cinnamomea, a precious brown-rot fungus endemic to Taiwan, has pharmaceutical applications due to its diverse array of metabolites. The terpenoids found in A. cinnamomea contribute to its most important bioactivities. We identified several terpenoid compounds in A. cinnamomea and revealed that their content in mycelium and fruiting body were significantly different. Using next-generation sequencing and an in-house transcriptome database, we identified several terpene synthase (TPS) candidates. After sequence analysis and functional characterization, 10 out of 12 candidates were found to have single or multiple terpene synthesis functions. Most of the terpenoid compounds were found to confer important bioactivities. RT-PCR results showed a positive correlation between terpene synthase expression pattern and terpenoid content. In addition, we identified several modification enzyme candidates that may be involved in the postmodification of terpenoid compounds with a genomic DNA scaffold, and a putative genetic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Liang Lin
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ting Ma
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lee
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University , Taichun, Taiwan
- Agricultural, Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hua Chu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
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30
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Zhang X, Li S. Expansion of chemical space for natural products by uncommon P450 reactions. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1061-1089. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00028f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on unusual P450 reactions related to new chemistry, skeleton construction, structure re-shaping, and protein–protein interactions in natural product biosynthesis, which play significant roles in chemical space expansion for natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels at Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Shengying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels at Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
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31
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Zhao H, Chen GD, Zou J, He RR, Qin SY, Hu D, Li GQ, Guo LD, Yao XS, Gao H. Dimericbiscognienyne A: A Meroterpenoid Dimer from Biscogniauxia sp. with New Skeleton and Its Activity. Org Lett 2016; 19:38-41. [PMID: 27933865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dimericbiscognienyne A (1), an unusual diisoprenyl-cyclohexene-type meroterpenoid dimer, was isolated from Biscogniauxia sp. together with three new monomeric diisoprenyl-cyclohexene-type meroterpenoids (2-4) and one new isoprenyl-benzoic acid-type meroterpenoid (5). All structures were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic methods, quantum chemical calculations, chemical derivatization, and X-ray crystallography. The formation of 1 is related to a unique intermolecular redox coupling Diels-Alder adduct reaction. Their cytotoxicities and short-term memory enhancement activities against Alzheimer's disease were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ying Qin
- Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Gao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
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32
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Wang Y, Yin H, Tang X, Wu Y, Meng Q, Gao Z. A Series of Cinchona-Derived N-Oxide Phase-Transfer Catalysts: Application to the Photo-Organocatalytic Enantioselective α-Hydroxylation of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7042-50. [PMID: 27336753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of cinchona-derived N-oxide asymmetric phase-transfer catalysts were synthesized and applied in the enantioselective photo-organocatalytic α-hydroxylation of β-keto esters and β-keto amides (23 examples) using molecular oxygen in excellent yields (up to 98%) and high enantioselectivities (up to 83% ee). These new catalysts could be recycled and reused six times for such a reaction with almost the original reactivity and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhanxian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024 Liaoning Province, P. R. China
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33
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Chen M, Harris GG, Pemberton TA, Christianson DW. Multi-domain terpenoid cyclase architecture and prospects for proximity in bifunctional catalysis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 41:27-37. [PMID: 27285057 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structures of terpenoid cyclases reveal assemblies of three basic domains designated α, β, and γ. While the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes (C10) and sesquiterpenes (C15) most often involves enzymes with α or αβ domain architecture, the biosynthesis of cyclic diterpenes (C20), sesterterpenes (C25), and triterpenes (C30) can involve enzymes with α, αα, βγ, or αβγ domain architecture. Indeed, some enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis are bifunctional, with distinct active sites that catalyze sequential reactions. Interestingly, some of these enzymes oligomerize to form dimers, tetramers, and hexamers. Not only can such assemblies enable enzyme regulation by allostery, but they can also provide a modest enhancement of terpenoid product flux through proximity channeling or cluster channeling. The mixing and matching of functional terpenoid cyclase domains through tertiary and/or quaternary structure may also comprise an evolutionary strategy for facile product diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengbin Chen
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Golda G Harris
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Travis A Pemberton
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States; Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States.
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34
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Abstract
Covering: up to September 2015. Meroterpenoids are hybrid natural products that partially originate from the terpenoid pathway. The meroterpenoids derived from fungi display quite diverse structures, with a wide range of biological properties. This review summarizes the molecular bases for their biosyntheses, which were recently elucidated with modern techniques, and also discusses the plausible biosynthetic pathways of other related natural products lacking genetic information. (Complementary to the coverage of literature by Geris and Simpson in Nat. Prod. Rep., 2009, 26, 1063-1094.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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35
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Matsuda Y, Awakawa T, Mori T, Abe I. Unusual chemistries in fungal meroterpenoid biosynthesis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 31:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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36
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Wang Y, Yin H, Qing H, Zhao J, Wu Y, Meng Q. Asymmetric α-Hydroxylation of β-Indanone Esters and β-Indanone Amides Catalyzed by C-2′ Substituted Cinchona
Alkaloid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Shang Z, Salim AA, Khalil Z, Quezada M, Bernhardt PV, Capon RJ. Viridicatumtoxins: Expanding on a Rare Tetracycline Antibiotic Scaffold. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12501-8. [PMID: 26605854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Viridicatumtoxins, which belong to a rare class of fungal tetracycline-like mycotoxins, were subjected to comprehensive spectroscopic and chemical analysis, leading to reassignment/assignment of absolute configurations and characterization of a remarkably acid-stable antibiotic scaffold. Structure activity relationship studies revealed exceptional growth inhibitory activity against vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (IC50 40 nM), >270-fold more potent than the commercial antibiotic oxytetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Shang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Angela A Salim
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zeinab Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michelle Quezada
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and ‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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38
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Khatri Y, Ringle. M, Lisurek M, von Kries JP, Zapp J, Bernhardt R. Substrate Hunting for the Myxobacterial CYP260A1 Revealed New 1α-Hydroxylated Products from C-19 Steroids. Chembiochem 2015; 17:90-101. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogan Khatri
- Universität des Saarlandes; Biochemie; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Michael Ringle.
- Universität des Saarlandes; Biochemie; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Michael Lisurek
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie; Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Josef Zapp
- Universität des Saarlandes; Pharmazeutische Biologie; Campus C2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rita Bernhardt
- Universität des Saarlandes; Biochemie; Campus B2.2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
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39
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Brieke C, Peschke M, Haslinger K, Cryle MJ. Sequential In Vitro Cyclization by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes of Glycopeptide Antibiotic Precursors Bearing the X‐Domain from Nonribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Madeleine Peschke
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Kristina Haslinger
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Max J. Cryle
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
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40
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Brieke C, Peschke M, Haslinger K, Cryle MJ. Sequential In Vitro Cyclization by Cytochrome P450 Enzymes of Glycopeptide Antibiotic Precursors Bearing the X‐Domain from Nonribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:15715-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Brieke
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Madeleine Peschke
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Kristina Haslinger
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Max J. Cryle
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
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41
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SnPKS19 Encodes the Polyketide Synthase for Alternariol Mycotoxin Biosynthesis in the Wheat Pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5309-17. [PMID: 26025896 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00278-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternariol (AOH) is an important mycotoxin from the Alternaria fungi. AOH was detected for the first time in the wheat pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum in a recent study. Here, we exploited reverse genetics to demonstrate that SNOG_15829 (SnPKS19), a close homolog of Penicillium aethiopicum norlichexanthone (NLX) synthase gene gsfA, is required for AOH production. We further validate that SnPKS19 is solely responsible for AOH production by heterologous expression in Aspergillus nidulans. The expression profile of SnPKS19 based on previous P. nodorum microarray data correlated with the presence of AOH in vitro and its absence in planta. Subsequent characterization of the ΔSnPKS19 mutants showed that SnPKS19 and AOH are not involved in virulence and oxidative stress tolerance. Identification and characterization of the P. nodorum SnPKS19 cast light on a possible alternative AOH synthase gene in Alternaria alternata and allowed us to survey the distribution of AOH synthase genes in other fungal genomes. We further demonstrate that phylogenetic analysis could be used to differentiate between AOH synthases and the closely related NLX synthases. This study provides the basis for studying the genetic regulation of AOH production and for development of molecular diagnostic methods for detecting AOH-producing fungi in the future.
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42
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Matsuda Y, Iwabuchi T, Wakimoto T, Awakawa T, Abe I. Uncovering the Unusual D-Ring Construction in Terretonin Biosynthesis by Collaboration of a Multifunctional Cytochrome P450 and a Unique Isomerase. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3393-401. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Matsuda
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taiki Iwabuchi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Wakimoto
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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43
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Cacho RA, Tang Y, Chooi YH. Next-generation sequencing approach for connecting secondary metabolites to biosynthetic gene clusters in fungi. Front Microbiol 2015; 5:774. [PMID: 25642215 PMCID: PMC4294208 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomics has revolutionized the research on fungal secondary metabolite (SM) biosynthesis. To elucidate the molecular and enzymatic mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of a specific SM compound, the important first step is often to find the genes that responsible for its synthesis. The accessibility to fungal genome sequences allows the bypass of the cumbersome traditional library construction and screening approach. The advance in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have further improved the speed and reduced the cost of microbial genome sequencing in the past few years, which has accelerated the research in this field. Here, we will present an example work flow for identifying the gene cluster encoding the biosynthesis of SMs of interest using an NGS approach. We will also review the different strategies that can be employed to pinpoint the targeted gene clusters rapidly by giving several examples stemming from our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph A Cacho
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- Plant Sciences Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia
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44
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Wang Y, Xiong T, Meng Q. Methylhydrazine-induced enantioselective α-hydroxylation of β-keto esters with molecular oxygen catalyzed by hydroquinine. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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George KW, Alonso-Gutierrez J, Keasling JD, Lee TS. Isoprenoid drugs, biofuels, and chemicals--artemisinin, farnesene, and beyond. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 148:355-89. [PMID: 25577395 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoids have been identified and used as natural pharmaceuticals, fragrances, solvents, and, more recently, advanced biofuels. Although isoprenoids are most commonly found in plants, researchers have successfully engineered both the eukaryotic and prokaryotic isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways to produce these valuable chemicals in microorganisms at high yields. The microbial synthesis of the precursor to artemisinin--an important antimalarial drug produced from the sweet wormwood Artemisia annua--serves as perhaps the most successful example of this approach. Through advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, microbial-derived semisynthetic artemisinin may soon replace plant-derived artemisinin as the primary source of this valuable pharmaceutical. The richness and diversity of isoprenoid structures also make them ideal candidates for advanced biofuels that may act as "drop-in" replacements for gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Indeed, the sesquiterpenes farnesene and bisabolene, monoterpenes pinene and limonene, and hemiterpenes isopentenol and isopentanol have been evaluated as fuels or fuel precursors. As in the artemisinin project, these isoprenoids have been produced microbially through synthetic biology and metabolic engineering efforts. Here, we provide a brief review of the numerous isoprenoid compounds that have found use as pharmaceuticals, flavors, commodity chemicals, and, most importantly, advanced biofuels. In each case, we highlight the metabolic engineering strategies that were used to produce these compounds successfully in microbial hosts. In addition, we present a current outlook on microbial isoprenoid production, with an eye towards the many challenges that must be addressed to achieve higher yields and industrial-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W George
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St. 4th floor, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA
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Hillwig ML, Fuhrman HA, Ittiamornkul K, Sevco TJ, Kwak DH, Liu X. Identification and characterization of a welwitindolinone alkaloid biosynthetic gene cluster in the stigonematalean Cyanobacterium Hapalosiphon welwitschii. Chembiochem 2014; 15:665-9. [PMID: 24677572 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The identification of a 36 kb welwitindolinone (wel) biosynthetic gene cluster in Hapalosiphon welwitschii UTEX B1830 is reported. Characterization of the enzymes responsible for assembling the early biosynthetic intermediates geranyl pyrophosphate and 3-((Z)-2′-isocyanoethenyl)indole as well as a dedicated N-methyltransferase in the maturation of N-methylwelwitindolinone C isothiocyanate solidified the link between the wel pathway and welwitindolinone biosynthesis. Comparative analysis of the ambiguine and welwitindolinone biosynthetic pathways in two different organisms provided insights into the origins of diverse structures within hapalindole-type molecules.
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Baunach M, Franke J, Hertweck C. Terpenoid-Biosynthese abseits bekannter Wege: unkonventionelle Cyclasen und ihre Bedeutung für die biomimetische Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Baunach M, Franke J, Hertweck C. Terpenoid biosynthesis off the beaten track: unconventional cyclases and their impact on biomimetic synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:2604-26. [PMID: 25488271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Terpene and terpenoid cyclizations are counted among the most complex chemical reactions occurring in nature and contribute crucially to the tremendous structural diversity of this largest family of natural products. Many studies were conducted at the chemical, genetic, and biochemical levels to gain mechanistic insights into these intriguing reactions that are catalyzed by terpene and terpenoid cyclases. A myriad of these enzymes have been characterized. Classical textbook knowledge divides terpene/terpenoid cyclases into two major classes according to their structure and reaction mechanism. However, recent discoveries of novel types of terpenoid cyclases illustrate that nature's enzymatic repertoire is far more diverse than initially thought. This Review outlines novel terpenoid cyclases that are out of the ordinary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Baunach
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena (Germany)
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Matsuda Y, Wakimoto T, Mori T, Awakawa T, Abe I. Complete Biosynthetic Pathway of Anditomin: Nature’s Sophisticated Synthetic Route to a Complex Fungal Meroterpenoid. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15326-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508127q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Wakimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Awakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Nicolaou KC, Hale CR, Nilewski C, Ioannidou HA, ElMarrouni A, Nilewski LG, Beabout K, Wang TT, Shamoo Y. Total synthesis of viridicatumtoxin B and analogues thereof: strategy evolution, structural revision, and biological evaluation. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12137-60. [PMID: 25317739 PMCID: PMC4210137 DOI: 10.1021/ja506472u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The details of the total synthesis of viridicatumtoxin B (1) are described. Initial synthetic strategies toward this intriguing tetracycline antibiotic resulted in the development of key alkylation and Lewis acid-mediated spirocyclization reactions to form the hindered EF spirojunction, as well as Michael-Dieckmann reactions to set the A and C rings. The use of an aromatic A-ring substrate, however, was found to be unsuitable for the introduction of the requisite hydroxyl groups at carbons 4a and 12a. Applying these previous tactics, we developed stepwise approaches to oxidize carbons 12a and 4a based on enol- and enolate-based oxidations, respectively, the latter of which was accomplished after systematic investigations that revealed critical reactivity patterns. The herein described synthetic strategy resulted in the total synthesis of viridicatumtoxin B (1), which, in turn, formed the basis for the revision of its originally assigned structure. The developed chemistry facilitated the synthesis of a series of viridicatumtoxin analogues, which were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains, including drug-resistant pathogens, revealing the first structure-activity relationships within this structural type.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology, and Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Christopher R.
H. Hale
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology, and Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Christian Nilewski
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology, and Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Heraklidia A. Ioannidou
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology, and Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Abdelatif ElMarrouni
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology, and Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lizanne G. Nilewski
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology, and Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kathryn Beabout
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology, and Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tim T. Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology, and Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yousif Shamoo
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry
and Cell Biology, and Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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