1
|
Amato F, Motta A, Giaccari L, Di Pasquale R, Scaramuzzo FA, Zanoni R, Marrani AG. One-pot carboxyl enrichment fosters water-dispersibility of reduced graphene oxide: a combined experimental and theoretical assessment. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:893-906. [PMID: 36756527 PMCID: PMC9890975 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene, one of the allotropic forms of carbon, has attracted enormous interest in the last few years due to its unique properties. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is known as the nanomaterial most similar to graphene in terms of electronic, chemical, mechanical, and optical properties. It is prepared from graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of different types of reducing agents. Nevertheless, the application of RGO is still limited, owing to its tendency to irreversibly aggregate in an aqueous medium. Herein, we disclosed the preparation of water-dispersible RGO from GO previously enriched with additional carboxyl functional groups through a one-pot reaction, followed by chemical reduction. This novel and unprecedentedly reported reactivity of GO toward the acylating agent succinic anhydride (SA) was experimentally investigated through XPS, Raman, FT-IR, and UV-Vis, and corroborated by DFT calculations, which have shown a peculiar involvement in the functionalization reaction of both epoxide and hydroxyl functional groups. This proposed synthetic protocol avoids use of sodium cyanide, previously reported for carboxylation of graphene, and focuses on the sustainable and scalable preparation of a water-dispersible RGO, paving the way for its application in many fields where the colloidal stability in aqueous medium is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Amato
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza p.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy +39 0649913568 +39 0649913316
| | - Alessandro Motta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza p.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy +39 0649913568 +39 0649913316
- Consorzio INSTM, UdR Roma "La Sapienza" p.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy
| | - Leonardo Giaccari
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza p.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy +39 0649913568 +39 0649913316
| | - Roberto Di Pasquale
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza p.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy +39 0649913568 +39 0649913316
| | - Francesca Anna Scaramuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria (S.B.A.I.), Università di Roma La Sapienza Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 I-00161 Rome Italy
| | - Robertino Zanoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza p.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy +39 0649913568 +39 0649913316
| | - Andrea Giacomo Marrani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza p.le A. Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy +39 0649913568 +39 0649913316
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi LL, Li M, You B, Liao RZ. Theoretical Study on the Electro-Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol Catalyzed by Cobalt Phthalocyanine. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16549-16564. [PMID: 36216788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been conducted to investigate the mechanism of cobalt(II) tetraamino phthalocyanine (CoPc-NH2) catalyzed electro-reduction of CO2. Computational results show that the catalytically active species 1 (4[CoII(H4L)]0) is formed by a four-electron-four-proton reduction of the initial catalyst CoPc-NH2. Complex 1 can attack CO2 after a one-electron reduction to give a [CoIII-CO22-]- intermediate, followed by a protonation and a one-electron reduction to give intermediate [CoII-COOH]- (4). Complex 4 is then protonated on its hydroxyl group by a carbonic acid to generate the critical species 6 (CoIII-L•--CO), which can release the carbon monoxide as an intermediate (and also as a product). In parallel, complex 6 can go through a successive four-electron-four-proton reduction to produce the targeted product methanol without forming formaldehyde as an intermediate product. The high-lying π orbital and the low-lying π* orbital of the phthalocyanine endow the redox noninnocent nature of the ligand, which could be a dianion, a radical monoanion, or a radical trianion during the catalysis. The calculated results for the hydrogen evolution reaction indicate a higher energy barrier than the carbon dioxide reduction. This is consistent with the product distribution in the experiments. Additionally, the amino group on the phthalocyanine ligand was found to have a minor effect on the barriers of critical steps, and this accounts for the experimentally observed similar activity for these two catalysts, namely, CoPc-NH2 and CoPc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Le Shi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Man Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Bo You
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Isamura BK, Lobb KA. A multiscale ONIOM study of the buckminsterfullerene (C 60) Diels-Alder reaction: from model design to reaction path analysis. J Mol Model 2022; 28:327. [PMID: 36138156 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hybrid ONIOM (Our own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics) formalism is employed to investigate the Diels-Alder reaction of the buckminsterfullerene C60. Our computations suggest that the ONIOM2(M06-2X/6-31G(d): SVWN/STO-3G) model, enclosing both the diene and the pyracyclene fragment of C60 in the higher-layer, provides a reasonable trade-off between accuracy and computational cost as it comes to predicting reaction energetics. Moreover, the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory and activation strain model (ASM) are jointly relied on to rationalize the effect of -OH and -CN substituents on the activation barrier of this reaction. Finally, reaction paths are scrutinized to get insight into the various forces underpinning the process of cycloadduct formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Alan Lobb
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Eastern Cape, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa.,Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Rhodes University, Eastern Cape, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rammohan A, Krinochkin AP, Khasanov AF, Kopchuk DS, Zyryanov GV. Sustainable Solvent-Free Diels-Alder Approaches in the Development of Constructive Heterocycles and Functionalized Materials: A Review. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:43. [PMID: 35951264 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder reaction (DAR) is found in myriad applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry for drug development, as it is the method of choice for the expedient synthesis of complex natural compounds and innovative materials including nanomaterials, graphene expanses, and polymeric nanofibers. Furthermore, the greatest focus of attention of DARs is on the consistent reaction procedure with stimulus yields by highly stereo- and regioselective mechanistic pathways. Therefore, the present review is intended to summarize conventional solvent-free (SF) DARs for the expedient synthesis of heterocyclic compounds and materials. In particular, this review deals with the DARs of mechanochemical grinding, catalysis (including stereoselective catalysts), thermal, and electromagnetic radiation (such as microwave [MW], infrared [IR], and ultraviolet [UV] irradiation) in SF procedures. Therefore, this comprehensive review validates the application of DARs to pharmaceutical innovations and biorenewable materials through consistent synthetic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aluru Rammohan
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey P Krinochkin
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation.,I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russian Federation
| | - Albert F Khasanov
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation.,I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry S Kopchuk
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation.,I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory V Zyryanov
- Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation. .,I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoy St., Ekaterinburg, 620219, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu W, Gao X, Yuan Z, Liu H, Wang X, Zhang X. Facial fabrication of few-layer functionalized graphene with sole functional group through Diels-Alder reaction by ball milling. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17990-18003. [PMID: 35765334 PMCID: PMC9204711 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01668k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of graphene as a next-generation material in various applications requires developing an environmentally friendly and efficient method for fabricating functionalized graphene. Chemically, graphene can be used as an electron donor or attractor. Here, graphite was successfully exfoliated, and an in situ Diels–Alder reaction (D–A) was carried out to fabricate functionalized graphene with sole functional groups via mechanochemical ball milling. The reactivities of graphene acting as a diene or a dienophile were investigated. Few-layer (≤2 layers) graphene specimens were obtained by wet ball milling, heating in a nitrogen atmosphere, and solvent ultrasonic treatment. The ball-milling method was more effective than heating in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the [2 + 4] D–A of graphene was more dominant than the [4 + 2] D–A in the ball-milling process. The surface tension of functionalized graphene decreased, which provided a theoretical basis for the dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in a suitable solvent. Functionalized graphene still had a high electrical conductivity, which has far-reaching significance for functionalized graphene to be applied in electronic semiconductors and related applications. Meanwhile, functionalized graphene was applied to polymer composite fibers, the tensile strength and the Young's modulus could reach 780 MPa and 19 GPa. The volume resistivity was two orders of magnitude lower than that of pure fiber. Thus, the use of ball milling to efficiently exfoliate and in situ functionalize graphite will help to develop a strategy that can be widely used to manufacture nanomaterials for various application fields. The widespread use of graphene as a next-generation material in various applications requires developing an environmentally friendly and efficient method for fabricating functionalized graphene.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Yu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China .,Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China .,Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Zhicheng Yuan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China .,Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Haihui Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China .,Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Xuechen Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China .,Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology Tianjin 300387 China
| | - Xingxiang Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University Tianjin 300387 China .,Municipal Key Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Energy Storage Technology Tianjin 300387 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ferretti A, Sinha S, Sagresti L, Araya-Hermosilla E, Prato M, Mattoli V, Pucci A, Brancato G. One-step functionalization of mildly and strongly reduced graphene oxide with maleimide: an experimental and theoretical investigation of the Diels-Alder [4+2] cycloaddition reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2491-2503. [PMID: 35023509 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04121e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For large-scale graphene applications, such as the production of polymer-graphene nanocomposites, exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form (rGO) are presently considered to be very suitable starting materials, showing enhanced chemical reactivity with respect to pristine graphene, in addition to suitable electronic properties (i.e., tunable band gap). Among other chemical processes, a suitable way to obtain surface decoration of graphene is through a direct one-step Diels-Alder (DA) reaction, e.g. through the use of dienophile or diene moieties. However, the feasibility and extent of decoration largely depends on the specific graphene microstructure that in the case of rGO sheets is not easy to control and generally presents a high degree of inhomogeneity owing to various on-plane functionalization (e.g., epoxide and hydroxyl groups) or in-plane lattice defects. In an effort to gain some insights into the covalent functionalization of variably reduced GO samples, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study on the DA cycloaddition reaction of maleimide, a dienophile functional unit well-suited for chemical conjugation of polymers and macromolecules. In particular, we considered both mildly and strongly reduced GOs. Using thermogravimetry, Raman and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis we show evidence of variable chemical reactivity of rGO as a function of the residual oxygen content. Moreover, from quantum mechanical calculations carried out at the DFT level on different graphene reaction sites, we provide a more detailed molecular view to interpret experimental findings and to assess the reactivity series of different graphene modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Ferretti
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ed Industriale, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 2, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sourab Sinha
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luca Sagresti
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Esteban Araya-Hermosilla
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.,CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Brancato
- Scuola Normale Superiore and CSGI, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) sezione di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang X, Chen F, Kim MA, Liu H, Wolf L, Yan M. Using Metal Substrates to Enhance the Reactivity of Graphene towards Diels-Alder Reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20082-20093. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01842j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Diels-Alder (DA) reaction, a classic cycloaddition reaction involving a diene and a dienophile to form a cyclohexene, is among the most versatile organic reactions. Theories have predicted thermodynamically unfavorable...
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang J, Ouyang Q, Gui Q, Chen X. Ultrasonic-Assisted Diels-Alder Reaction Exfoliation of Graphite into Graphene with High Resveratrol Adsorption Capacity. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113060. [PMID: 34835824 PMCID: PMC8623989 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Scalable preparation of graphene with high adsorption capacity is an important prerequisite for fully realizing its commercial application. Herein, we propose an environmentally friendly route for exfoliation of graphene, which is established based on the Diels–Alder reaction. In our route, N-(4-hydroxyl phenyl) maleimide enters between the flakes as an intercalating agent and participates in the Diels–Alder reaction as a dienophile to increase the interlayer spacing of graphite. Then, graphite is exfoliated into graphene with the aid of ultrasound. The exfoliated product is hydroxyl phenyl functionalized graphene with a thickness of 0.5–1.5 nm and an average lateral size of about 500–800 nm. The exfoliation process does not involve any acid or catalyst and would be a safe and environmentally friendly approach. In addition, the exfoliated graphite shows high resveratrol adsorption capacity, which is ten times that of macroporous resins reported in the literature. Thus, the method proposed herein yields exfoliated graphite with high resveratrol adsorption capacity and is of great significance for the mass production of graphene for practical applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Efficient synthesis of amine-functionalized graphene oxide by ultrasound-assisted reactions and density functional theory mechanistic insight. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
He X, Kevlishvili I, Murcek K, Liu P, Star A. [2π + 2π] Photocycloaddition of Enones to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Creates Fluorescent Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4833-4844. [PMID: 33689301 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been widely applied in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Understanding their reactivity with biomolecules is important for these applications. We describe here a photoinduced cycloaddition reaction between enones and SWCNTs. By creating covalent and tunable sp3 defects in the sp2 carbon lattice of SWCNTs through [2π + 2π] photocycloaddition, a bright red-shifted photoluminescence was gradually generated. The photocycloaddition functionalization was demonstrated with various organic molecules bearing an enone functional group, including biologically important oxygenated lipid metabolites. The mechanism of this reaction was studied empirically and using computational methods. Density functional theory calculations were employed to elucidate the identity of the reaction product and understand the origin of different substrate reactivities. The results of this study can enable engineering of the optical and electronic properties of semiconducting SWCNTs and provide understanding into their interactions with the lipid biocorona.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Katherina Murcek
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rangel-Cortes E, Pescador-Rojas JA, Cardozo-Mata VA, Hernández-Hernández A, Vallejo-Castañeda E, Hernández-Hernández LA, Romero-Cortes T. Cycloaddition between nitrogen-doped graphene (6π-component) and benzene (4π-component): a theoretical approach using density functional theory with vdW-DF correction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5870-5877. [PMID: 33659971 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06082h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between nitrogen-doped graphene defects (N3V1 and N4V2 pyridinic, and N3V1 and N3V3 pyrrolic) and benzene have been investigated by applying density functional theory (DFT), together with the vdW-DF correction. We discovered that only the N3V3 pyrrolic defect is a reactive site (6π-component), forming a cycloadduct with benzene (4π-component) that has energy barriers below 154.38 kJ mol-1 (1.60 eV). The conduction and valence bands (HOMO and LUMO) for N3V3 form a degenerate pair of orbitals at the gamma point, with the same ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA). Likewise, inspection of the orbital symmetries for both systems confirms that these must undergo concerted reactions based on the Woodward and Hoffmann principles of orbital symmetry, with the appropriate orbital occupancies. This is the first time that substitutionally doped graphene has been demonstrated to participate as a 6π-component for cycloaddition reactions with benzene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rangel-Cortes
- Escuela Superior Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Carretera Apan-Capulalpan s/n, Colonia, 43920 Chimalpa Tlalayote, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - J A Pescador-Rojas
- Escuela Superior Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Carretera Apan-Capulalpan s/n, Colonia, 43920 Chimalpa Tlalayote, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - V A Cardozo-Mata
- Escuela Superior Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Carretera Apan-Capulalpan s/n, Colonia, 43920 Chimalpa Tlalayote, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - A Hernández-Hernández
- Escuela Superior Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Carretera Apan-Capulalpan s/n, Colonia, 43920 Chimalpa Tlalayote, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - E Vallejo-Castañeda
- Escuela Superior Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Carretera Apan-Capulalpan s/n, Colonia, 43920 Chimalpa Tlalayote, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - L A Hernández-Hernández
- Escuela Superior Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Carretera Apan-Capulalpan s/n, Colonia, 43920 Chimalpa Tlalayote, Hgo, Mexico.
| | - T Romero-Cortes
- Escuela Superior Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Carretera Apan-Capulalpan s/n, Colonia, 43920 Chimalpa Tlalayote, Hgo, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang WW, Shang FL, Zhao X. Switchable (2 + 2) and (4 + 2) Cycloadditions on Boron Nitride Nanotubes under Oriented External Electric Fields: A Mechanistic Study. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3785-3791. [PMID: 33595307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The (2 + 2) and (4 + 2) cycloadditions are important approaches for the functional derivatizations of nanocarbon and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) materials. However, as two competing reactions with similar reactivity, it is difficult to control the type of reactions and the corresponding adducts in practice. Here, we introduced a mechanistic study of the oriented external electric field (OEEF)-modulated cycloadditions of pristine and substituted benzynes on the zigzag boron nitride nanotubes. Owing to the distinct charge transfer directions between the competing (2 + 2) and (4 + 2) reactions and the resultant distinct responses of the barriers to the fields along the tube axis, we found that OEEF plays opposing catalytic roles in these two types of reactions and the effect of electric field as a catalyst or inhibitor can be easily reversed by flipping the field vector to achieve selective reactions and products at will.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Fu-Lin Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Science & Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Diels-Alder Cycloaddition to the Bay Region of Perylene and Its Derivatives as an Attractive Strategy for PAH Core Expansion: Theoretical and Practical Aspects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225373. [PMID: 33213037 PMCID: PMC7698498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PAHs (polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons), the compound group that contains perylene and its derivatives, including functionalized ones, have attracted a great deal of interest in many fields of science and modern technology. This review presents all of the research devoted to modifications of PAHs that are realized via the Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition of various dienophiles to the bay regions of PAHs, leading to the π-extension of the starting molecule. This type of annulative π-extension (APEX) strategy has emerged as a powerful and efficient synthetic method for the construction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their functionalized derivatives, nanographenes, and π-extended fused heteroarenes. Then, [4 + 2] cycloadditions of ethylenic dienophiles, -N=N-, i.e., diazo-dienophiles and acetylenic dienophiles, are presented. This subject is discussed from the organic synthesis point of view but supported by theoretical calculations. The possible applications of DA cycloaddition to PAH bay regions in various science and technology areas, and the prospects for the development of this synthetic method, are also discussed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Long-range ordered and atomic-scale control of graphene hybridization by photocycloaddition. Nat Chem 2020; 12:1035-1041. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
Wang WW, Wang CW, Zheng JJ, Shang FL, Dang JS, Zhao X. Directional Diels-Alder cycloadditions of isoelectronic graphene and hexagonal boron nitride in oriented external electric fields: reaction axis rule vs. polarization axis rule. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:15364-15370. [PMID: 32656551 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03443f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study introduces the mechanisms for the oriented external electric field (OEEF)-participating cycloadditions of nanographene and the analogous hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanoflakes. Despite the C-C and B-N pairs being isoelectronic, their different ionicities give rise to their distinct response to applied electric fields. For the nanographene models, the Diels-Alder addition obeyed the reaction axis rule and the activation barrier changed under an OEEF perpendicular to the carbon skeleton for enhanced/reduced intermolecular charge transfer, which provides a feasible strategy for the side-selective derivatization of graphene to obtain one-face-only adducts and Janus bifunctional products. By contrast, for the h-BN models, the variation of the activation barrier was pronounced when the electric field was aligned along the in-plane N-B bond rather than the well-accepted reaction axis. Electronic structure analyses indicated that, because of the opposite electron withdrawing/donating nature of the reacting sites of B/N, an OEEF along the N-B bond was capable of further enhancing the polarization via in-plane intramolecular charge transfer, resulting in a stabilized transition state and notable barrier reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China and Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Chang-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zheng
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fu-Lin Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jing-Shuang Dang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ramesh K, Siboro SA, Kim DW, Lim KT. Ultrasound-accelerated covalent-functionalization of reduced graphene oxide with imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s by Diels-Alder click reaction for supercapacitors. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Shellard PM, Srisubin T, Hartmann M, Butcher J, Fei F, Cox H, McNamara TP, McArdle T, Shepherd AM, Jacobs RMJ, Waigh TA, Flitsch SL, Blanford CF. A versatile route to edge-specific modifications to pristine graphene by electrophilic aromatic substitution. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2020; 55:10284-10302. [PMID: 32536720 PMCID: PMC7266800 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-020-04662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution produces edge-specific modifications to CVD graphene and graphene nanoplatelets that are suitable for specific attachment of biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa M. Shellard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Thunyaporn Srisubin
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Mirja Hartmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Joseph Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Fan Fei
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Henry Cox
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Thomas P. McNamara
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Trevor McArdle
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Ashley M. Shepherd
- Chemical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Robert M. J. Jacobs
- Chemical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Thomas A. Waigh
- Biological Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Sabine L. Flitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
| | - Christopher F. Blanford
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN UK
- Department of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pla P, Wang Y, Martín F, Alcamí M. Hydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: isomerism and aromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21968-21976. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04177g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple model based on adjacency matrices is introduced to study the stability of hydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Aromaticity governs their relative stability having the most stable isomers the higher number of non-hydrogenated rings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pla
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou
- China
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia)
| | - Manuel Alcamí
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Uceta H, Vizuete M, Carrillo JR, Barrejón M, Fierro JLG, Prieto MP, Langa F. Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides to Graphene: a Theoretical and Experimental Approach. Chemistry 2019; 25:14644-14650. [PMID: 31424126 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) studies of the interaction between graphene sheets and nitrile oxides have proved the feasibility of the reaction through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The viability of the approach has been also confirmed experimentally through the cycloaddition of few-layer exfoliated graphene and nitrile oxides containing functional organic groups with different electronic nature. The cycloaddition reaction has been successfully achieved in one-pot from the corresponding oximes under microwave (MW) irradiation. The successful formation of the isoxazoline ring has been confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Uceta
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y, Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - María Vizuete
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y, Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - José R Carrillo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Myriam Barrejón
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y, Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - José Luis G Fierro
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fernando Langa
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y, Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rossi Fernández AC, Domancich NF, Ferullo RM, Castellani NJ. Aluminum adsorption on graphene: Theoretical study of dispersion effects. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633619500196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between a single atom and graphene is an example in which the density functional theory (DFT) presents serious difficulties in giving an appropriate description of the adsorbate–substrate interaction, giving also different predictions according to the chosen approximation. The present calculations sustain that the inclusion of dispersion interactions in the framework of DFT for the Al/graphene system lead to potential energy curves of different nature according to the theoretical approach employed. The adsorption of an Al atom on the graphene surface was studied using both cluster and slab models. Cluster DFT–PBE calculations show the presence of a minimum at hollow site at an Al–graphene distance of about 2.1–2.3 Å corresponding to an exothermic state. Conversely, under B3LYP the same adsorption mode is endothermic. In comparison, our MP2 reference calculations predict the formation of two minima, both of exothermic nature, separated by an important energy barrier (about 0.2–0.4[Formula: see text]eV). The incorporation of empirical van der Walls (vdW) corrections to B3LYP changes the original behavior, giving an exothermic adsorption; furthermore, it produces a second, more external minimum. Slab calculations with PBE, and specially using the vdW-DF2 functional, predict also the formation of a minimum of very low depth at about 3.1 Å. The analysis of results obtained with cluster and slab models sustains that the bonding of the inner minima is of ionic character while that of the external ones is of dispersion character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Rossi Fernández
- Instituto de Quimica del Sur, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Nicolás F. Domancich
- Grupo de Materiales y Sistemas Catalíticos, Instituto de Física del Sur, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional del Sur Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ricardo M. Ferullo
- Instituto de Quimica del Sur, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Norberto J. Castellani
- Grupo de Materiales y Sistemas Catalíticos, Instituto de Física del Sur, Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional del Sur Avenida Alem 1253, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amaro-Gahete J, Kaczmarek AM, Esquivel D, Jiménez-Sanchidrián C, Van Der Voort P, Romero-Salguero FJ. Luminescent Graphene-Based Materials via Europium Complexation on Dipyridylpyridazine-Functionalized Graphene Sheets. Chemistry 2019; 25:6823-6830. [PMID: 30882948 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials exhibit outstanding physical properties and so are potentially applicable in a great variety of fields. Unlike their corresponding oxides, graphite and graphene are not prone to functionalization. Diels-Alder reactions are among the scarce reactions that they can occur without disrupting their conjugated sp2 systems. Herein, the reaction between graphite and 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine under different conditions affords several graphene-based materials consisting of dipyridylpyridazine-functionalized few-layer graphene, multilayer graphene and graphite, the sheets of which act as ligands for the grafting of a europium complex. These three materials show strong red emission under 365 nm UV radiation. Their emitting particles can be visualized by confocal microscopy. The rich coordination chemistry of dipyridylpyridazine ligands has potential novel properties for similarly functionalized graphene-based materials grafted with other metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Amaro-Gahete
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de, Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Anna M Kaczmarek
- COMOC, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijsglaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dolores Esquivel
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de, Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - César Jiménez-Sanchidrián
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de, Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pascal Van Der Voort
- COMOC, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijsglaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francisco J Romero-Salguero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de, Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Ed. Marie Curie, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang K, Yu H, Xie M, Liu S, Wu F. Effects of poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted graphene on the electrical properties of poly(lactic acid) nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10599-10605. [PMID: 35515283 PMCID: PMC9062533 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01060b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maleic anhydride was reacted with the armchair edges of graphene nanosheets (GN) via Diels-Alder reaction. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was grafted onto the GN in the presence of anhydride groups through an esterification reaction. The PEG-grafted GN (PEG-g-GN) was characterised via FTIR analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and contact angle measurements, proving that PEG was successfully grafted onto the GN surface. The results indicated that PEG-g-GN possessed high electrical conductivity and was dispersed in polylactic acid (PLA). The composites were fabricated by using PEG-g-GN and GN as the conductive agent in the PLA matrix. Owing to the function of PEG molecular chains, PEG-g-GN can be uniformly dispersed in the PLA matrix and improve the tensile strength of composites to 59.46 MPa and conductivity to 9.69 × 10-4 S cm-1 at a PEG-g-GN content of 1 wt%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaibing Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Han Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Mei Xie
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 PR China
| | - Fenxia Wu
- Changsha Loyal Chemical Technology Company Limited Changsha 410081 PR China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Eco-friendly Water Based Adhesive Materials Changsha 410081 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
By means of first principles calculations we studied the occurrence of cycloaddition reactions on the buffer layer of silicon carbide. Interestingly, the presence of the substrate favors the 1,3 cycloaddition instead of the [2+2] or [4+2] ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Denis
- Computational Nanotechnology
- DETEMA
- Facultad de Química
- UDELAR
- 11800 Montevideo
| | - C. Pereyra Huelmo
- Computational Nanotechnology
- DETEMA
- Facultad de Química
- UDELAR
- 11800 Montevideo
| | - Federico Iribarne
- Computational Nanotechnology
- DETEMA
- Facultad de Química
- UDELAR
- 11800 Montevideo
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Janda T, Foroutan‐Nejad C. Why is Benzene Unique? Screening Magnetic Properties of C6H6Isomers. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2357-2363. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Janda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ – 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice
| | - Cina Foroutan‐Nejad
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ – 62500 Brno Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sulleiro MV, Quiroga S, Peña D, Pérez D, Guitián E, Criado A, Prato M. Microwave-induced covalent functionalization of few-layer graphene with arynes under solvent-free conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2086-2089. [PMID: 29334096 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08676h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A non-conventional modification of exfoliated few-layer graphene (FLG) with different arynes under microwave (MW) irradiation and solvent-free conditions is reported. The described approach allows reaching fast, efficient and mild covalent functionalization of FLG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Sulleiro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa, 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Denis
- Computational Nanotechnology, DETEMA; Facultad de Química, UDELAR, CC 1157; 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mondal T, De S, Koley D. DFT Study on C-F Bond Activation by Group 14 Dialkylamino Metalylenes: A Competition between Oxidative Additions versus Substitution Reactions. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10633-10643. [PMID: 28820247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The C-F bond activation of pentafluoropyridine (PFP) by group 14 dialkylamino metalylenes has been studied employing DFT calculations. Emphasis is placed on the group 14 central atom (M = SiII, GeII, and SnII) and substituents (-NMe2, -NiPr2, -Cl, -NH2, and -PH2) dependent switching of oxidative addition to the metathesis/substitution reaction route, using state-of-the-art theoretical methods (M062X/def2-QZVP(SMD)//M062X/def2-TZVP) to provide a systematic classification of the individual mode of reactions. Moreover, an energy decomposition analysis (EDA) is implemented to get a brief insight into the physical factors that control the activation barriers originating via the different mode of reactions, viz., oxidative addition and metathesis routes. The key finding is that the distortion of PFP is the principal guiding factor in the oxidative addition reaction, while distortions imposed on both the PFP and metalylenes are inevitable toward the origin of the metathesis reaction barrier. The preferable oxidative addition reaction over metathesis of substituted silylenes can be explained on the basis of electron concentration and the HOMO-LUMO gap between the reacting substrates. However, the dramatic switch between oxidative addition and metathesis reaction in substituted germylenes depends on both the electronic and steric nature of the substituents. Similar observations are also noted for the reactivity of substituted stannylenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Totan Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Nandi S, McAnanama-Brereton SR, Waller MP, Anoop A. A tabu-search based strategy for modeling molecular aggregates and binary reactions. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
30
|
Lazar IM, Rostas AM, Straub PS, Schleicher E, Weber S, Mülhaupt R. Simple Covalent Attachment of Redox-Active Nitroxyl Radicals to Graphene via Diels-Alder Cycloaddition. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ion-Matei Lazar
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Arpad M. Rostas
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; University of Freiburg; Albertstr. 11 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Paula S. Straub
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Erik Schleicher
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; University of Freiburg; Albertstr. 11 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; University of Freiburg; Albertstr. 11 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chamberlain T, Biskupek J, Skowron ST, Markevich AV, Kurasch S, Reimer O, Walker KE, Rance GA, Feng X, Müllen K, Turchanin A, Lebedeva MA, Majouga AG, Nenajdenko VG, Kaiser U, Besley E, Khlobystov AN. Stop-Frame Filming and Discovery of Reactions at the Single-Molecule Level by Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2509-2520. [PMID: 28191929 PMCID: PMC5371926 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report an approach, named chemTEM, to follow chemical transformations at the single-molecule level with the electron beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM) applied as both a tunable source of energy and a sub-angstrom imaging probe. Deposited on graphene, disk-shaped perchlorocoronene molecules are precluded from intermolecular interactions. This allows monomolecular transformations to be studied at the single-molecule level in real time and reveals chlorine elimination and reactive aryne formation as a key initial stage of multistep reactions initiated by the 80 keV e-beam. Under the same conditions, perchlorocoronene confined within a nanotube cavity, where the molecules are situated in very close proximity to each other, enables imaging of intermolecular reactions, starting with the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of a generated aryne, followed by rearrangement of the angular adduct to a planar polyaromatic structure and the formation of a perchlorinated zigzag nanoribbon of graphene as the final product. ChemTEM enables the entire process of polycondensation, including the formation of metastable intermediates, to be captured in a one-shot "movie". A molecule with a similar size and shape but with a different chemical composition, octathio[8]circulene, under the same conditions undergoes another type of polycondensation via thiyl biradical generation and subsequent reaction leading to polythiophene nanoribbons with irregular edges incorporating bridging sulfur atoms. Graphene or carbon nanotubes supporting the individual molecules during chemTEM studies ensure that the elastic interactions of the molecules with the e-beam are the dominant forces that initiate and drive the reactions we image. Our ab initio DFT calculations explicitly incorporating the e-beam in the theoretical model correlate with the chemTEM observations and give a mechanism for direct control not only of the type of the reaction but also of the reaction rate. Selection of the appropriate e-beam energy and control of the dose rate in chemTEM enabled imaging of reactions on a time frame commensurate with TEM image capture rates, revealing atomistic mechanisms of previously unknown processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
W. Chamberlain
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United
Kingdom
| | - Johannes Biskupek
- Central
Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials
Science, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephen T. Skowron
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Simon Kurasch
- Central
Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials
Science, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver Reimer
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kate E. Walker
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Graham A. Rance
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universitaet
Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Lessingstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria A. Lebedeva
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G. Majouga
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State
University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Valentin G. Nenajdenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow M.V. Lomonosov State
University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central
Facility of Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy Group of Materials
Science, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Elena Besley
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei N. Khlobystov
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cui CX, Liu YJ. Regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of Diels-Alder reaction: a DFT study on the functionalization of organic semiconductor crystals. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Henan Institute of Science and Technology; Xinxiang 453003 China
| | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; Beijing 100875 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Carbonell C, Braunschweig AB. Toward 4D Nanoprinting with Tip-Induced Organic Surface Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:190-198. [PMID: 27643891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Future nanomanufacturing tools will prepare organic materials with complex four-dimensional (4D) structure, where the position (x, y, z) and chemical composition within a volume is controlled with sub-1 μm spatial resolution. Such tools could produce substrates that mimic biological interfaces, like the cell surface or the extracellular matrix, whose topology and chemical complexity combine to direct some of the most sophisticated biological events. The control of organic materials at the nanoscale-level of spatial resolution could revolutionize the assembly of next generation optical and electronic devices or substrates for tissue engineering or enable fundamental biological or material science investigations. Organic chemistry provides the requisite control over the orientation and position of matter within a nanoscale reference frame through the formation of new covalent bonds. Several challenges however preclude the integration of organic chemistry with conventional nanomanufacturing approaches, namely most nanolithography platforms would denature or destroy delicate organic and biologically active matter, confirming covalent bond formation at interfaces remains difficult, and finally, only a small handful of the reactions used to transform molecules in solution have been validated on surfaces. Thus, entirely new approaches, where organic transformations and spatial control are considered equally important contributors, are needed to create 4D organic nanoprinting platforms. This Account describes efforts from our group to reconcile nanolithography, and specifically massively parallel scanning probe lithography (SPL), with organic chemistry to further the goal of 4D organic nanoprinting. Massively parallel SPL involves arrays of elastomeric pyramids mounted onto piezoelectric actuators, and creates patterns with feature diameters below 50 nm by using the pyramidal tips for either the direct deposition of ink or the localized delivery of energy to a surface. While other groups have focused on tip and array architetctures, our efforts have been on exploring their use for localizing organic chemistry on surfaces with nanoscale spatial resolution in 3D. Herein we describe the use of massively parallel SPL to create covalently immobilized patterns of organic materials using thermal, catalytic, photochemical, and force-accelerated reactions. In doing so, we have developed a high-throughput protocol for confirming interfacial bond formation. These efforts have resulted in new opportunities for the preparation of glycan arrays, novel approaches for covalently patterning graphene, and a 3D nanoprinter by combining photochemical brush polymerizations with SPL. Achieving true 4D nanoprinting involves advances in surface chemistry and instrumentation development, and to this end 4D micropatterns were produced in a microfluidic photoreactor that can position polymers composed of different monomers within micrometer proximity. A substantial gap remains, however, between these current technologies and the future's 4D nanomanufacturing tools, but the marriage of SPL with organic chemistry is an important step toward this goal. As this field continues to mature we can expect bottom-up 4D nanomanufacturing to begin supplanting conventional top-down strategies for preparing electronics, bioarrays, and functional substrates. In addition, these new printing technologies may enable the preparation of synthetic targets, such as artificial biological interfaces, with a level of organic sophistication that is entirely unachievable using existing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Carbonell
- Advanced
Science Research Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas
Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Adam B. Braunschweig
- Advanced
Science Research Center, City University of New York, 85 St. Nicholas
Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Daukiya L, Mattioli C, Aubel D, Hajjar-Garreau S, Vonau F, Denys E, Reiter G, Fransson J, Perrin E, Bocquet ML, Bena C, Gourdon A, Simon L. Covalent Functionalization by Cycloaddition Reactions of Pristine Defect-Free Graphene. ACS NANO 2017; 11:627-634. [PMID: 28027437 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b06913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Based on a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy study, we present a direct visualization of a cycloaddition reaction performed for some specific fluorinated maleimide molecules deposited on graphene. Up to now, it was widely admitted that such a cycloaddition reaction can not happen without pre-existing defects. However, our study shows that the cycloaddition reaction can be carried out on a defect-free basal graphene plane at room temperature. In the course of covalently grafting the molecules to graphene, the sp2 conjugation of carbon atoms was broken, and local sp3 bonds were created. The grafted molecules perturbed the graphene lattice, generating a standing-wave pattern with an anisotropy which was attributed to a (1,2) cycloaddition, as revealed by T-matrix approximation calculations. DFT calculations showed that while both (1,4) and (1,2) cycloadditions were possible on free-standing graphene, only the (1,2) cycloaddition could be obtained for graphene on SiC(0001). Globally averaging spectroscopic techniques, XPS and ARPES, were used to determine the modification in the elemental composition of the samples induced by the reaction, indicating an opening of an electronic gap in graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshya Daukiya
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace , 3Bis, rue Alfred Werner, Mulhouse 68093, France
| | - Cristina Mattioli
- Nanosciences group, CEMES CNRS-UPR 8011 , 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, Toulouse 31055, France
| | - Dominique Aubel
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace , 3Bis, rue Alfred Werner, Mulhouse 68093, France
| | - Samar Hajjar-Garreau
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace , 3Bis, rue Alfred Werner, Mulhouse 68093, France
| | - François Vonau
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace , 3Bis, rue Alfred Werner, Mulhouse 68093, France
| | - Emmanuel Denys
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace , 3Bis, rue Alfred Werner, Mulhouse 68093, France
| | - Günter Reiter
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Jonas Fransson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University , Box 516, Uppsala SE-751 21, Sweden
| | - Elsa Perrin
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie , Pasteur, 24, rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bocquet
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie , Pasteur, 24, rue Lhomond, Paris 75005, France
| | - Cristina Bena
- Institut de Physique Théorique, CEA/Saclay , Orme des Merisiers, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex 91190, France
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, UMR-8502 , Paris Sud, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
| | - André Gourdon
- Nanosciences group, CEMES CNRS-UPR 8011 , 29 Rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, Toulouse 31055, France
| | - Laurent Simon
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace , 3Bis, rue Alfred Werner, Mulhouse 68093, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dang JS, Wang WW, Zhao X, Nagase S. A mechanistic study on cationic Li prompted Diels–Alder cycloaddition of cycloparaphenylene. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction barriers for Diels–Alder cycloadditions of cycloparaphenylenes are reduced by using cationic Li as a Lewis acid catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shuang Dang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tang S, Wu W, Liu L, Cao Z, Wei X, Chen Z. Diels–Alder reactions of graphene oxides: greatly enhanced chemical reactivity by oxygen-containing groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:11142-11151. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01086a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-containing groups of graphene oxides greatly enhanced the Diels–Alder (DA) reactivity of pristine graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Liangxian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials
- University of Puerto Rico
- San Juan
- USA
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials
- University of Puerto Rico
- San Juan
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dang JS, Wang WW, Zhao X, Nagase S. Concave binding of cationic Li to quadrannulene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20773-20777. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Concave binding of cationic Li to quadrannulene and its influence on buckybowl functionalization are introduced using DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shuang Dang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8103
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang X, Cong Y, Zhang B. Reduced graphene oxide/liquid crystalline oligomer composites based on reversible covalent chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:6082-6089. [PMID: 28191559 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07622j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, 3 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China.
| | - Yuehua Cong
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, 3 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China.
| | - Baoyan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, 3 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110819, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lundstedt A, Webb MJ, Grennberg H. Ozonolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in participating solvents. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New insights into potential graphene edge differentiation from calculated local ionization energy surfaces and experiments with and without participating solvent.
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Denis
- Computational Nanotechnology, DETEMA; Facultad de Química, UDELAR, CC 1157; 11800 Montevideo Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhang J, Wang W, Peng H, Qian J, Ou E, Xu W. Water-soluble graphene dispersion functionalized by Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-016-0960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
42
|
García-Rodeja Y, Solà M, Fernández I. Understanding the Reactivity of Planar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Towards the Graphene Limit. Chemistry 2016; 22:10572-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yago García-Rodeja
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi; 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Universidad Complutense; 28040 Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li J, Li M, Zhou LL, Lang SY, Lu HY, Wang D, Chen CF, Wan LJ. Click and Patterned Functionalization of Graphene by Diels–Alder Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7448-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Zhou
- University of CAS, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Yan Lang
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of CAS, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Lu
- University of CAS, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sun X, Li B, Su D. The Unexpected Reactivity of the Carbon Sites on the Nanostructured Carbon Catalysts towards the C−H Bond Activation from the Analysis of the Aromaticity. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1668-71. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- XiaoYing Sun
- Institute of Catalysis for Energy and Environment; ShenYang Normal University; ShenYang 110034 China
| | - Bo Li
- ShenYang National Laboratory for Materials Science; Institute of Metal Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; WenHua Road 72 ShenYang 110016 China
| | - DangSheng Su
- ShenYang National Laboratory for Materials Science; Institute of Metal Research; Chinese Academy of Sciences; WenHua Road 72 ShenYang 110016 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brisebois PP, Kuss C, Schougaard SB, Izquierdo R, Siaj M. New Insights into the Diels-Alder Reaction of Graphene Oxide. Chemistry 2016; 22:5849-52. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Kuss
- Department of Chemistry; UQAM/NanoQAM-CQMF; Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | | | - Ricardo Izquierdo
- Department of informatics; UQAM/CoFaMic-ReSMiQ; Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| | - Mohamed Siaj
- Department of Chemistry; UQAM/NanoQAM-CQMF; Montreal Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang X, Cong Y, Zhang B. Covalent modification of reduced graphene oxide by chiral side-chain liquid crystalline oligomer via Diels–Alder reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20891f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RGO was dispersed in the CSLCO matrix via DA reaction, and the composites have excellent properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- P. R. China
| | - Yuehua Cong
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- P. R. China
| | - Baoyan Zhang
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pykal M, Jurečka P, Karlický F, Otyepka M. Modelling of graphene functionalization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6351-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03599f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This perspective describes the available theoretical methods and models for simulating graphene functionalization based on quantum and classical mechanics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pykal
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - Petr Jurečka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - František Karlický
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Palacký University Olomouc
- 771 46 Olomouc
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Willocq B, Lemaur V, El Garah M, Ciesielski A, Samorì P, Raquez JM, Dubois P, Cornil J. The role of curvature in Diels–Alder functionalization of carbon-based materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7608-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have estimated theoretically the impact of curvature on the free energies of activation and reaction associated with Diels–Alder reactions on carbon-based materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Willocq
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM)
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - V. Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Center for Research in Molecular Electronics and Photonics
- University of Mons
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - M. El Garah
- ISIS & ICFRC
- University of Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - A. Ciesielski
- ISIS & ICFRC
- University of Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - P. Samorì
- ISIS & ICFRC
- University of Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - J.-M. Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM)
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - Ph. Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM)
- Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP)
- University of Mons
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| | - J. Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials
- Center for Research in Molecular Electronics and Photonics
- University of Mons
- B-7000 Mons
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Barrejón M, Gómez-Escalonilla MJ, Fierro JLG, Prieto P, Carrillo JR, Rodríguez AM, Abellán G, López-Escalante MC, Gabás M, López-Navarrete JT, Langa F. Modulation of the exfoliated graphene work function through cycloaddition of nitrile imines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:29582-29590. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition between nitrile imines and graphene is studied. The work function of functionalized-graphene depends on the nature of functionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Barrejón
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL)
- Toledo
- Spain
| | - María J. Gómez-Escalonilla
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL)
- Toledo
- Spain
| | | | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Inorgánica y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Campus Universitario
| | - José R. Carrillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Inorgánica y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Campus Universitario
| | - Antonio M. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Inorgánica y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Campus Universitario
| | - Gonzalo Abellán
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP)
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Henkestrasse
- 42
- 91054 Erlangen and Dr.-Mack Strasse 81
| | - Ma Cruz López-Escalante
- Unidad de Nanotecnología - The Nanotech Unit Dpto. Ingeniería Química
- Lab. Materiales & Superficies
- Universidad de Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
- Spain
| | - Mercedes Gabás
- Unidad de Nanotecnología - The Nanotech Unit Dpto. Física Aplicada I
- Lab. Materiales & Superficies
- Universidad de Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
- Spain
| | | | - Fernando Langa
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
- Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL)
- Toledo
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jiang J, Ramozzi R, Moteki S, Usui A, Maruoka K, Morokuma K. Mechanism of Metal-Free C–H Activation of Branched Aldehydes and Acylation of Alkenes Using Hypervalent Iodine Compound: A Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9264-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julong Jiang
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho
34-4, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Romain Ramozzi
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho
34-4, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shin Moteki
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Asuka Usui
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui
Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho
34-4, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| |
Collapse
|