1
|
Ali A, Stefàno E, De Castro F, Ciccarella G, Rovito G, Marsigliante S, Muscella A, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Water-Soluble Cationic Platinum(II) Organometallic Complexes with Phenanthroline and Imidazolic Ligands. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401064. [PMID: 38703115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents are widely used in the treatment of cancer. However, their effectiveness is limited by severe adverse reactions, drug resistance, and poor water solubility. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of new water-soluble cationic monofunctional platinum(II) complexes starting from the [PtCl(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)] (1, phen=1,10-phenanthroline) precursor, specifically [Pt(NH3)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (2), [Pt(1-hexyl-1H-imidazole)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (3), and [Pt(1-hexyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (4), which deviate from traditional requirements for antitumor activity. These complexes were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects in comparison to cisplatin, using immortalized cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa), human renal carcinoma cells (Caki-1), and normal human renal cells (HK-2). While complex 2 showed minimal effects on the cell lines, complexes 3 and 4 demonstrated higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin. Notably, complex 4 displayed the highest cytotoxicity in both cancer and normal cell lines. However, complex 3 exhibited the highest selectivity for renal tumor cells (Caki-1) among the tested complexes, compared to healthy cells (HK-2). This resulted in a significantly higher selectivity than that of cisplatin and complex 4. Therefore, complex 3 shows potential as a leading candidate for the development of a new generation of platinum-based anticancer drugs, utilizing biocompatible imidazole ligands while demonstrating promising anticancer properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asjad Ali
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica De Castro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rovito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Benedetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tagari EV, Sifnaiou E, Tsolis T, Garoufis A. The Influence of the Auxiliary Ligand in Monofunctional Pt(II) Anticancer Complexes on the DNA Backbone. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6526. [PMID: 38928230 PMCID: PMC11203703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Monofunctional platinum complexes offer a promising alternative to cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy, showing a unique mechanism of action. Their ability to induce minor helix distortions effectively inhibits DNA transcription. In our study, we synthesized and characterized three monofunctional Pt(II) complexes with the general formula [Pt(en)(L)Cl]NO3, where en = ethylenediamine, and L = pyridine (py), 2-methylpyridine (2-mepy), and 2-phenylpyridine (2-phpy). The hydrolysis rates of [Pt(en)(py)Cl]NO3 (1) and [Pt(en)(2-mepy)Cl]NO3 (2) decrease with the bulkiness of the auxiliary ligand with k(1) = 2.28 ± 0.15 × 10-4 s-1 and k(2) = 8.69 ± 0.98 × 10-5 s-1 at 298 K. The complex [Pt(en)(2-phpy)Cl]Cl (3) demonstrated distinct behavior. Upon hydrolysis, an equilibrium (Keq = 0.385 mM) between the complexes [Pt(en)(2-phpy)Cl]+ and [Pt(en)(2-phpy-H+)]+ was observed with no evidence (NMR or HR-ESI-MS) for the presence of the aquated complex [Pt(en)(2-phpy)(H2O)]2+. Despite the kinetic similarities between phenanthriplatin and (2), complexes (1) and (2) exhibit minimal activity against A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 > 100 μΜ), whereas complex (3) exhibits notable cytotoxicity (IC50 = 41.11 ± 2.1 μΜ). In examining the DNA binding of (1) and (2) to the DNA model guanosine (guo), we validated their binding through guoN7, which led to an increased population of the C3'-endo sugar conformation, as expected. However, we observed that the rapid transition 2E (C2'-endo) ↔ 3E (C3'-endo), in the case of [Pt(en)(py)(guo)](NO3)2 ([1-guo]), slows down in the case of [Pt(en)(2-mepy)(guo)](NO3)2 ([2-guo]), resulting in separate signals for the two conformers in the 1H NMR spectra. This phenomenon arises from the steric hindrance between the methyl group of pyridine and the sugar moiety of guanosine. Notably, this hindrance is absent in [2-(9-MeG)] (9-MeG = 9-methylguanine), probably due to the absence of a bulky sugar unit in 9-MeG. In the case of (3), where the bulkiness of the substitution on the pyridine is further increased by a phenyl group, we observed a notable proximity between 9-MeGH8 and the phenyl ring of 2-phpy. Considering that only (3) exhibited good cytotoxicity against the A549 cancer cell line, it is suggested that auxiliary ligands, L, with an extended aromatic system and proper orientation in complexes of the type cis-[Pt(en)(L)Cl]NO3, may enhance the cytotoxic activity of such complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia-Vasiliki Tagari
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Evangelia Sifnaiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Theodoros Tsolis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Achilleas Garoufis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Centre of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He X, Yu J, Yin R, Huang Y, Zhang P, Xiao C, Chen X. An AIEgen and Iodine Double-Ornamented Platinum(II) Complex for Bimodal Imaging-Guided Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309894. [PMID: 38308168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Real-time biodistribution monitoring and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs are urgently required to elevate their clinical performance. Herein, a tetraphenylethene derivative (TP) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties and an iodine atom are selected as ligands to endow platinum (II) complex TP-Pt-I with real-time in vivo self-tracking ability by fluorescence (FL) and computerized tomography (CT) imaging, and improved anticancer efficacy by the combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Especially, benefiting from the formation of a donor-acceptor-donor structure between the AIE photosensitizer TP and Pt-I moiety, the heavy atom effects of Pt and I, and the presence of I, TP-Pt-I displayed red-shifted absorption and emission wavelengths, enhanced ROS generation efficiency, and improved CT imaging capacity compared with the pristine TP and the control agent TP-Pt-Cl. As a result, the enhanced intratumoral accumulation of TP-Pt-I loaded nanoparticles is readily revealed by dual-modal FL and CT imaging with high contrast. Meanwhile, the TP-Pt-I nanoparticles show significantly improved tumor growth-inhibiting effects on an MCF-7 xenograft murine model by combining the chemotherapeutic effects of platinum(II) and the photodynamic effects of TP. This self-tracking therapeutic complex thus provides a new strategy for improving the therapeutic outcomes of platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xidong He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Renyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
O’Dowd PD, Guerrero AS, Alley KR, Pigg HC, O’Neill F, Meiller J, Hobbs C, Rodrigues DA, Twamley B, O’Sullivan F, DeRose VJ, Griffith DM. Click-Capable Phenanthriplatin Derivatives as Tools to Study Pt(II)-Induced Nucleolar Stress. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:875-885. [PMID: 38483263 PMCID: PMC11040607 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well established that oxaliplatin, one of the three Pt(II) anticancer drugs approved worldwide, and phenanthriplatin, an important preclinical monofunctional Pt(II) anticancer drug, possess a different mode of action from that of cisplatin and carboplatin, namely, the induction of nucleolar stress. The exact mechanisms that lead to Pt-induced nucleolar stress are, however, still poorly understood. As such, studies aimed at better understanding the biological targets of both oxaliplatin and phenanthriplatin are urgently needed to expand our understanding of Pt-induced nucleolar stress and guide the future design of Pt chemotherapeutics. One approach that has seen great success in the past is the use of Pt-click complexes to study the biological targets of Pt drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of the first examples of click-capable phenanthriplatin complexes. Furthermore, through monitoring the relocalization of nucleolar proteins, RNA transcription levels, and DNA damage repair biomarker γH2AX, and by investigating their in vitro cytotoxicity, we show that these complexes successfully mimic the cellular responses observed for phenanthriplatin treatment in the same experiments. The click-capable phenanthriplatin derivatives described here expand the existing library of Pt-click complexes. Significantly they are suitable for studying nucleolar stress mechanisms and further elucidating the biological targets of Pt complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. O’Dowd
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research
Centre for
Pharmaceuticals, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Andres S. Guerrero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Katelyn R. Alley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Hannah C. Pigg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Fiona O’Neill
- Life
Science Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Justine Meiller
- Life
Science Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Chloe Hobbs
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Daniel A. Rodrigues
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Finbarr O’Sullivan
- Life
Science Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Victoria J. DeRose
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Darren M. Griffith
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research
Centre for
Pharmaceuticals, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wen B, Liu X, Tan L. Binding and stabilizating effect of RNA triplex poly(U)⋅poly(A)*poly(U) by enantiomers of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex [Ru(bpy) 2(dppx)] 2. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023:10.1007/s00775-023-02004-2. [PMID: 37452869 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Two chiral ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(dppx)]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dppx = 7,8-dimethyldipyridophenazine; Λ-1) and Δ-[Ru(bpy)2(dppx)]2+ (Δ-1) have been synthesized and characterized in this work. Interactions of Λ-1 and Δ-1 with the RNA triplex poly(U)⋅poly(A)*poly(U) have been investigated by various biophysical techniques. Spectrophotometric titrations and viscosity measurements suggested that enantiomers Λ-1 and Δ-1 bind with the triplex through intercalation, while the binding strengths of the two enantiomers toward the triplex differed only slightly from each other. Fluorescence titrations showed that although enantiomers Λ-1 and Δ-1 exhibited molecular "light switch" effects toward the triplex, the effect of Δ-1 was more marked. Furthermore, Furthermore, thermal denaturation showed that the two enantiomers have significantly different stabilizing effects on the triplex. The obtained results indicate that the racemic complex [Ru(bpy)2(dppx)]2+ is similar to a non-specific metallointercalator for the triplex investigated in this study, and chiralities of Ru(II) polypyridine complexes have an important influence on the binding and stabilizing effects of enantiomers toward the triplex. Two chiral ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes, Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(dppx)]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dppx = 7,8-dimethyldipyridophenazine; Λ-1) and Δ-[Ru(bpy)2(dppx)]2+ (Δ-1) have been synthesized and characterized in this work. Interactions of Λ-1 and Δ-1 with the RNA triplex poly(U)⋅poly(A)*poly(U) have been investigated by various biophysical techniques. The obtained results indicate that the racemic complex [Ru(bpy)2(dppx)]2+ is similar as a non-specific metallointercalator for the triplex investigated in this study, and chiralities of Ru(II) polypyridine complexes have an important influence on the binding and stabilizing effects of enantiomers toward the triplex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Wen
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Academic Affairs Office, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Tan
- Key Lab of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu M, Tian Y, Sha J, Fu W. Photocatalytic radical cascade cyclization of
N
‐(o–cyanobiaryl) acrylamides: access to CF
2
H‐functionalized pyrido[4,3,2‐gh] phenanthridines. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhu
- College of Food and Drug Luoyang Normal University 471934 Luoyang P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous Materials Luoyang Normal University 471022 Luoyang P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Sha
- College of Food and Drug Luoyang Normal University 471934 Luoyang P. R. China
| | - Weijun Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Key Laboratory of Fuction-Oriented Porous Materials Luoyang Normal University 471022 Luoyang P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Porębska D, Orzeł Ł, Rutkowska-Żbik D, Stochel G, van Eldik R. Synthesis and characterization of cyanocobalamin conjugates with Pt(II) complexes towards potential therapeutic applications. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Tan L, Wang H, Liu X. Insight into achirality and chirality effects in interactions of an racemic ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex and its Δ- and Λ-enantiomers with an RNA triplex. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:579-586. [PMID: 35952809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RNA triplexes have a variety of potential applications in molecular biology, diagnostics and therapeutics, while low stabilization of the third strand hinders their practical utilities under physiological conditions. In this regard, achieving the third-strand stabilization by binding small molecules is a promising strategy. Chirality is one of the basic properties of nature. To clarify achirality and chirality effects on the binding and stabilizing effects of RNA triplexes by small molecules, we report for the first time the RNA interactions of an racemic ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex [Ru(bpy)2(11-CN-dppz)]2+ (rac-Ru1) and its two enantiomers Δ/Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(11-CN-dppz)]2+ (Δ/Λ-Ru1) with an RNA triplex poly(U-A*U) (where "-" represents Watson-Crick base pairing, and "*" denotes Hoogsteen base pairing, respectively) in this work. Research shows that although rac-Ru1 and its two enantiomers Δ/Λ-Ru1 bind to the RNA triplex through the same mode of intercalation, the binding affinity for enantiomer Δ-Ru1 is much higher than that for rac-Ru1 and enantiomer Λ-Ru1. However, compared to enantiomer Λ-Ru1, the binding affinity for rac-Ru1 does not show much of an advantage, which is slightly greater than that for the former. Thermal denaturation measurements reveal both rac-Ru1 and Δ-Ru1 to have a preference for stabilizing the third strand rather than the template duplex of the RNA triplex, while Λ-Ru1 stabilizes the RNA triplex without significant selectivity. Besides, the third-strand stabilizing effects by rac-Ru1 and Δ-Ru1 are not markedly different from each other, but more marked than that by Λ-Ru1. This work shows that the binding properties of the racemic Ru(II) polypyridyl complex with the RNA triplex are not simply an average of its two enantiomers, indicating potentially complicated binding events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Tan
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Academic Affairs Office, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lippert B, Sanz Miguel PJ. Beyond sole models for the first steps of Pt-DNA interactions: Fundamental properties of mono(nucleobase) adducts of PtII coordination compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Bai X, Ali A, Wang N, Liu Z, Lv Z, Zhang Z, Zhao X, Hao H, Zhang Y, Rahman FU. Inhibition of SREBP-mediated lipid biosynthesis and activation of multiple anticancer mechanisms by platinum complexes: Ascribe possibilities of new antitumor strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113920. [PMID: 34742012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most aggressive diseases with poor prognosis and survival rates. Lipids biogenesis play key role in cancer progression, metastasis and tumor development. Suppression of SREBP-mediated lipid biogenesis pathway has been linked with cancer inhibition. Platinum complexes bearing good anticancer effect and multiple genes activation properties are considered important and increase the chances for development of new platinum-based drugs. In this study, we synthesized pyridine co-ligand functionalized cationic complexes and characterized them using multiple spectroscopic and spectrophotometric methods. Two of these complexes were studied in solid state by single crystal X-ray analysis. The stability of these complexes were measured in solution state using 1H NMR methods. These complexes were further investigated for their anticancer activity against human breast, lung and liver cancer cells. MTT assay showed potential cytotoxic activity in dose-dependent manner and decrease survival rates of cancer cells was observed upon treatment with these complexes. Biological assays results revealed higher cytotoxicity as compared to cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Further we studied C2, C6 and C8 in detailed mechanistic anticancer analyses. Clonogenic assay showed decrease survival of MCF-7, HepG2 and A549 cancer cells treated with C2, C6 and C8 as compared to control cells treated with DMSO. TUNEL assay showed more cell death, these complexes suppressed invasion and migration ability of cancer cells and decreased tumor spheroids formation, thus suggesting a potential role in inhibition of cancer metastasis and cancer stem cells formation. Mechanistically, these complexes inhibited sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) expression in cancer cells in dose-dependent manner and thereby reduced lipid biogenesis to suppress cancer progression. Furthermore, expression level was decreased for the key genes LDLR, FASN and HMGCR, those required for sterol biosynthesis. Taken together, these complexes suppressed cancer cell growth, migration, invasion and spheroids formation by inhibiting SREBP-1 mediated lipid biogenesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwei Liu
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Lv
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeqing Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifang Hao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qing Y, Bayley H. Enzymeless DNA Base Identification by Chemical Stepping in a Nanopore. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18181-18187. [PMID: 34669377 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stepwise movement of a single biopolymer strand through a nanoscopic detector for the sequential identification of its building blocks offers a universal means for single-molecule sequencing. This principle has been implemented in portable sequencers that use enzymes to move DNA or RNA through hundreds of individual nanopore detectors positioned in an array. Nevertheless, its application to the sequencing of other biopolymers, including polypeptides and polysaccharides, has not progressed because suitable enzymes are lacking. Recently, we devised a purely chemical means to move molecules processively in steps comparable to the repeat distances in biopolymers. Here, with this chemical approach, we demonstrate sequential nucleobase identification during DNA translocation through a nanopore. Further, the relative location of a guanine modification with a chemotherapeutic platinum derivative is pinpointed with single-base resolution. After further development, chemical translocation might replace stepping by enzymes for highly parallel single-molecule biopolymer sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Qing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Hagan Bayley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bai X, Ali A, Lv Z, Wang N, Zhao X, Hao H, Zhang Y, Rahman FU. Platinum complexes inhibit HER-2 enriched and triple-negative breast cancer cells metabolism to suppress growth, stemness and migration by targeting PKM/LDHA and CCND1/BCL2/ATG3 signaling pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113689. [PMID: 34293698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative-breast cancer (TNBC) and HER-2 enriched positive aggressive types of breast cancer and are highly metastatic in nature. Anticancer agents those target TNBC and HER-2 enriched positive breast cancers are considered important in the field of breast cancer research. In search of the effective anticancer agents, we synthesized Pt(II) complexes to target these cancers. Platinum complexes (C1-C8) were prepared in single step by the reaction of commercially available K2PtCl4 with the readily prepared ligands (L1-L8). All these compounds were characterized successfully by different spectroscopic and spectrophotometric analyses. Structures of C1, C3 and C8 were characterized by single crystal X-ray analysis that confirmed the exact chelation mode of the SNO-triply coordinated ligand. All these complexes inhibited the in vitro growth of MCF-7 (luminal-like), MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) and SKBR3 (HER-2 enriched) breast cancer cells. C1, C3 and C7 induced cell death and suppressed the clonogenic potential of these cancer cells. Importantly, C1, C3 and C7 showed potentials to suppress cancer stem cells/mammosphere formation and cell migration ability of MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells. These complexes also induced cellular senescence in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells, thus suggesting a cell retardation mechanism. Similarly, these complexes induced DNA damage by activating p-H2AX expression and promoted autophagy via ATG3/LC3B axis activation in MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cells. Furthermore, these complexes decreased the expression of oncogenic proteins such as BCL2 and cylin-D1 those are involved in cancer cell survival and cell cycle progression. To further gain insight, we found that C1 and C7 targeted glycolytic pathways by regulating PKM and LDHA expression, which are involved in glycolysis. Moreover, C1 and C7 suppressed the formation of ATP production that is required for cancer cell growth. Taken together, the easy synthesis and biological assays results point towards the importance of these complexes in MDA-MB-231 (TNBC) and SKBR3 (HER-2 enriched) breast cancer cells by targeting multiple signaling pathways those are considered important during breast cancer progression. This study produces bases for further deeper in vitro or in vivo study that could lead to the effective breast cancer agents which we are working on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Amjad Ali
- Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Zhimin Lv
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Na Wang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Huifang Hao
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Faiz-Ur Rahman
- Inner Mongolia University Research Center for Glycochemistry of Characteristic Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Scoditti S, Dabbish E, Sicilia E. Is the cytotoxic activity of phenanthriplatin dependent on the specific size of the phenanthridine ligand π system? J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111447. [PMID: 33798829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The monofunctional Pt(II) drug phenanthriplatin is a leading preclinical anticancer drug, whose main characteristic is the presence of the extended aromatic system of the phenanthridine ligand, which allows intercalation. Intercalation, in turn, induces DNA unwinding and facilitates DNA binding. Aiming at verifying to what extent the peculiar cytotoxic activity of phenanthriplatin depends on the specific size of the aromatic system, two phenanthriplatin derivatives have been designed increasing the number of the rings in the N-heterocyclic ligand, and their reactivity has been computationally investigated. Both quantum mechanical DFT computations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been employed to investigate some of the aspects that are considered important for the activity of Pt(II) monofunctional complexes. In particular, the substitution of the chlorido ligand with water, subsequent interaction of the aquated complexes with guanine as a model, eventual deactivation by the model N-acetyl methionine as well as intercalation into, binding to and distortion of DNA have been examined. The outcomes of such analysis have been compared with the analogous ones for the phenanthriplatin complex in order to highlight how the addition of one more ring to the phenanthridine ligand and, eventually, its identity influence the reactivity and, consequently, the cytotoxic profile of the complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Monofunctional Platinum(II) Anticancer Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020133. [PMID: 33562293 PMCID: PMC7915149 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs represented by cisplatin play important roles in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, their applications are largely compromised by drug resistance and side effects. Much effort has been made to circumvent the drug resistance and general toxicity of these drugs. Among multifarious designs, monofunctional platinum(II) complexes with a general formula of [Pt(3A)Cl]+ (A: Ammonia or amine) stand out as a class of "non-traditional" anticancer agents hopeful to overcome the defects of current platinum drugs. This review aims to summarize the development of monofunctional platinum(II) complexes in recent years. They are classified into four categories: fluorescent complexes, photoactive complexes, targeted complexes, and miscellaneous complexes. The intention behind the designs is either to visualize the cellular distribution, or to reduce the side effects, or to improve the tumor selectivity, or inhibit the cancer cells through non-DNA targets. The information provided by this review may inspire researchers to conceive more innovative complexes with potent efficacy to shake off the drawbacks of platinum anticancer drugs.
Collapse
|
15
|
Comparative studies on the binding interaction of two chiral Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes with triple- and double-helical forms of RNA. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 214:111301. [PMID: 33166867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two chiral Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes, Δ-[Ru(bpy)2(6-F-dppz)]2+ (Δ-1; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, 6-F-dppz = 6-fluorodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) and Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(6-F-dppz)]2+ (Λ-1), have been synthesized and characterized as binders for the RNA poly(U)•poly(A)*poly(U) triplex and poly(A)•poly(U) duplex in this work. Analysis of the UV-Vis absorption spectra and fluorescence emission spectra indicates that the binding of intercalating Δ-1 with the triplex and duplex RNA is greater than that of Λ-1, while the binding affinities of the two enantiomers to triplex structure is stronger than that of duplex structure. Fluorescence titrations show that the two enantiomers can act as molecular "light switches" for triple- and double-helical RNA. Thermal denaturation studies revealed that that the two enantiomers are more stable to Watson-Crick base-paired double strand of the triplex than the Hoogsteen base-paired third strand, but their stability and selectivity are different. For Δ-enantiomer, the increase of the thermal stability of the Watson-Crick base-paired duplex (13 °C) is slightly stronger than of the Hoogsteen base-paired strand (10 °C), displaying no obvious selectivity. However, compared to the Hoogsteen base-paired strand (5 °C), the stability of the Λ-enantiomer to the Watson-Crick base-paired duplex (13 °C) is more significant, which has obvious selectivity. The overall increase in viscosity of the RNA-(Λ-1) system and its curve shape are similar to that of the RNA-(Δ-1) system, suggesting that the binding modes of two enantiomers with RNA are intercalation. The obtained results in this work may be useful for understanding the binding differences in chiral Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes toward RNA triplex and duplex.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nagode SB, Kant R, Rastogi N. Hantzsch Ester-Mediated Synthesis of Phenanthridines under Visible-Light Irradiation. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3513-3518. [PMID: 32935472 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An efficient photocatalytic synthesis of phenanthridines mediated by an organo-photoredox initiator Hantzsch ester has been developed via denitrogenative intramolecular annulation of benzotriazolyl chalcones. The highly reducing photoactivated Hantzsch ester facilitates the transformation of benzotriazolyl chalcones into phenanthridinyl chalcones through photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes. The mild reaction conditions utilizing inexpensive Hantzsch ester as photosensitizer, wide reaction scope and excellent functional group tolerance are notable attributes of the methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savita B Nagode
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, JankipuramExtension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular & Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sec. 10, JankipuramExtension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Hashemi F, Hashemi F, Samarghandian S, Najafi M. MicroRNAs in cancer therapy: Their involvement in oxaliplatin sensitivity/resistance of cancer cells with a focus on colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2020; 256:117973. [PMID: 32569779 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of cancer cells into chemotherapy has restricted the efficiency of anti-tumor drugs. Oxaliplatin (OX) being an anti-tumor agent/drug is extensively used in the treatment of various cancer diseases. However, its frequent application has led to chemoresistance. As a consequence, studies have focused in finding underlying molecular pathways involved in OX resistance. MicroRNAs (miRs) are short endogenous non-coding RNAs that are able to regulate vital biological mechanisms such as cell proliferation and cell growth. The abnormal expression of miRs occurs in pathological events, particularly cancer. In the present review, we describe the involvement of miRs in OX resistance and sensitivity. The miRs are able to induce the oncogene factors and mechanisms, resulting in stimulation OX chemoresistance. Also, onco-suppressor miRs can enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells into OX chemotherapy and trigger apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, leading to reduced viability and progression of cancer cells. MiRs can also enhance the efficacy of OX chemotherapy. It is worth mentioning that miRs affect various down-stream targets in OX resistance/sensitivity such as STAT3, TGF-β, ATG4B, FOXO1, LATS2, NF-κB and so on. By identification of these miRs and their upstream and down-stream mediators, further studies can focus on targeting them to sensitize cancer cells into OX chemotherapy and induce apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Farid Hashemi
- DVM. Graduated, Young Researcher and Elite Club, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazeroon, Iran
| | - Fardin Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Synthesis, luminescence studies and structural characterization of new Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes based on phenanthridine as a ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
19
|
Lozada IB, Huang B, Stilgenbauer M, Beach T, Qiu Z, Zheng Y, Herbert DE. Monofunctional platinum(ii) anticancer complexes based on multidentate phenanthridine-containing ligand frameworks. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6557-6560. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pt(ii) complexes supported by chelating, multidentate ligands containing phenanthridine heterocycles are reported and shown to exhibit a superior in vitro therapeutic index compared with phenanthriplatin and cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Issiah B. Lozada
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| | | | - Travis Beach
- Department of Chemistry
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
| | - Zihan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
| | | | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba Institute for Materials
- University of Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dabbish E, Russo N, Sicilia E. Rationalization of the Superior Anticancer Activity of Phenanthriplatin: An In‐Depth Computational Exploration. Chemistry 2019; 26:259-268. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Monofunctional platinum(II) compounds and nucleolar stress: is phenanthriplatin unique? J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:899-908. [PMID: 31494760 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Platinum anticancer therapeutics are widely used in a variety of chemotherapy regimens. Recent work has revealed that the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin and phenanthriplatin is through induction of ribosome biogenesis stress pathways, differentiating them from cisplatin and other compounds that mainly work through DNA damage response mechanisms. To probe the structure-activity relationships in phenanthriplatin's ability to cause nucleolar stress, a series of monofunctional platinum(II) compounds differing in ring number, size and orientation was tested by nucleophosmin (NPM1) relocalization assays using A549 cells. Phenanthriplatin was found to be unique among these compounds in inducing NPM1 relocalization. To decipher underlying reasons, computational predictions of steric bulk, platinum(II) compound surface length and hydrophobicity were performed for all compounds. Of the monofunctional platinum(II) compounds tested, phenanthriplatin has the highest calculated hydrophobicity and volume but does not exhibit the largest distance from platinum(II) to the surface. Thus, spatial orientation and/or hydrophobicity caused by the presence of a third aromatic ring may be significant factors in the ability of phenanthriplatin to cause nucleolar stress.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dabbish E, Imbardelli D, Russo N, Sicilia E. Theoretical exploration of the reduction reaction of monofunctional phenanthriplatin Pt(IV) prodrugs. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
23
|
Wang FY, Liu R, Huang KB, Feng HW, Liu YN, Liang H. New platinum(II)-based DNA intercalator: Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
24
|
Anticancer platinum(II) complexes bearing N-heterocycle rings. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1257-1263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
25
|
Rahman FU, Ali A, Khan IU, Bhatti MZ, Petroselli M, Duong HQ, Martì-Rujas J, Li ZT, Wang H, Zhang DW. Monofunctional supramolecular Pt(II) complexes: Synthesis, single crystal structure, anticancer activity, E. coli growth retardation and DNA interaction study. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
26
|
Rahman FU, Ali A, Duong HQ, Khan IU, Bhatti MZ, Li ZT, Wang H, Zhang DW. ONS-donor ligand based Pt(II) complexes display extremely high anticancer potency through autophagic cell death pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:546-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
27
|
Castro AC, Fliegl H, Cascella M, Helgaker T, Repisky M, Komorovsky S, Medrano MÁ, Quiroga AG, Swart M. Four-component relativistic 31P NMR calculations for trans-platinum(ii) complexes: importance of the solvent and dynamics in spectral simulations. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8076-8083. [PMID: 30916692 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental-theoretical study on the 31P NMR chemical shift for a number of trans-platinum(ii) complexes. Validity and reliability of the 31P NMR chemical shift calculations are examined by comparing with the experimental data. A successful computational protocol for the accurate prediction of the 31P NMR chemical shifts was established for trans-[PtCl2(dma)PPh3] (dma = dimethylamine) complexes. The reliability of the computed values is shown to be critically dependent on the level of relativistic effects (two-component vs. four component), choice of density functionals, dynamical averaging, and solvation effects. Snapshots obtained from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations were used to identify those solvent molecules which show the largest interactions with the platinum complex, through inspection by using the non-covalent interaction program. We observe satisfactory accuracy from the full four-component matrix Dirac-Kohn-Sham method (mDKS) based on the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian, in conjunction with the KT2 density functional, and dynamical averaging with explicit solvent molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abril C Castro
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang FY, Huang KB, Feng HW, Chen ZF, Liu YN, Liang H. New Platinum(II) agent induces bimodal death of apoptosis and autophagy against A549 cancer cell. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:418-429. [PMID: 30266678 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Agents with multiple modes of tumor cell death can be effective chemotherapeutic drugs. One example of a bimodal chemotherapeutic approach is an agent that can induce both apoptosis and autophagic death. Thus far, no clinical anticancer drug has been shown to simultaneously induce both these pathways. Mono-functional platinum complexes are potent anticancer drug candidates which act through mechanisms distinct from cisplatin. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterize of two mono-functional platinum complexes containing 8-substituted quinoline derivatives as ligands. In comparison to cisplatin, n-Mon-Pt-1 exhibited a greater in vitro cytotoxicity, was more effective in resistant cells and elicited a better anticancer effect. Mechanistic experiments indicate that n-Mon-Pt-1 mainly accumulates in mitochondria, and stimulates significant TrxR inhibition, ROS release and an ER stress response, ultimately resulting in a simultaneous induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Importantly, compared to cisplatin, n-Mon-Pt-1 exhibits lower acute toxicity and better anticancer activity in a murine tumor model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Ke-Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Hai-Wen Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Hong Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy of Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Veclani D, Melchior A, Tolazzi M, Cerón-Carrasco JP. Using Theory To Reinterpret the Kinetics of Monofunctional Platinum Anticancer Drugs: Stacking Matters. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14024-14027. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Veclani
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Melchior
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marilena Tolazzi
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - José P. Cerón-Carrasco
- Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mitochondria-targeted platinum(II) complexes induce apoptosis-dependent autophagic cell death mediated by ER-stress in A549 cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:639-650. [PMID: 29935437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Agents with multiple modes of tumor cell death can be effective chemotherapeutic drugs. One example of a bimodal chemotherapeutic approach is an agent that can induce both apoptosis and autophagic death. Thus far, no clinical anticancer drug has been shown to simultaneously induce both these pathways. Mono-functional platinum complexes are potent anticancer drug candidates which act through mechanisms distinct from cisplatin. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterize of two mono-functional platinum complexes containing 8-substituted quinoline derivatives as ligands, [PtL1Cl]Cl [L1 = (Z)-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(quinolin-8-ylmethylene) methanamine] (Mon-Pt-1) and [PtL2Cl]Cl [L2 = (Z)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-N-(quinolin-8-ylmethylene) ethanamine] (Mon-Pt-2). In comparison to cisplatin, Mon-Pt-2 exhibited a greater in vitro cytotoxicity, was more effective in resistant cells and elicited a better anticancer effect. Mechanistic experiments indicate that Mon-Pt-2 mainly accumulates in mitochondria, and stimulates significant TrxR inhibition ROS release and an ER stress response, mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction, ultimately resulting in a simultaneous induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Importantly, compared to cisplatin, Mon-Pt-2 exhibits lower acute toxicity and better anticancer activity in a murine tumor model. To the best of our knowledge, Mon-Pt-2 is the first mono-functional platinum complex inducing pro-death autophagy and apoptosis of cancer cells.
Collapse
|
31
|
Binding properties of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes Λ- and Δ-[Ru(bpy) 2dppz-11-CO 2Me] 2+ toward the triplex RNA poly(U)•poly(A)*poly(U). J Inorg Biochem 2018; 186:51-59. [PMID: 29852349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two chiral ruthenium(II) complexes containing ligand dppz-CO2Me (dppz-11-CO2Me = dipyrido[3,2-a,2',3'-c]phenazine-11-carboxylic acid methyl ester), Δ-[Ru(bpy)2dppz-11-CO2Me]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; Δ-1) and Λ-[Ru(bpy)2dppz-11-CO2Me]2+ (Λ-1), were synthesized and characterized. The binding of the two enantiomers with the triplex RNA poly(U)•poly(A)*poly(U) was carried out by various biophysical techniques. Analysis of the absorption and fluorescence features indicates that the binding strengths of the two enantiomers toward the triplex RNA differ only slightly from each other. The total increase in viscosity and shape of the curves for the triplex RNA with Λ-1 is similar to that with Δ-1, suggesting the binding modes of two enantiomers with the triplex RNA are intercalation. Thermal melting measurements indicate that the stabilization effects clearly depended on the concentrations of Λ-1 and Δ-1. However, the third-strand stabilizing effect of Δ-1 dramatically differs from that of Λ-1 when they interact with the chiral environment of the RNA triple at pH = 7.0 and [Na+] = 35 mM. Combined with the CD (CD = circular dichroism) variations of the triplex RNA with either Λ-1 or Δ-1, the reason for their different triplex stabilization effects may originate from the two enantiomers through different orientations intercalating into nucleobases of the triplex. In addition, effects of higher ionic strengths on the triplex stabilization in the absence and presence of the two enantiomers have also been studied. The results presented here may be useful for understanding the binding properties of the triplex RNA with small molecule, particularly chiral ruthenium(II) complexes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen JC, Chen PY, Chen HY, Chen KH. Analysis and characterization of an atropisomeric ionomer containing quaternary ammonium groups. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Vernekar AA, Berger G, Czapar AE, Veliz FA, Wang DI, Steinmetz NF, Lippard SJ. Speciation of Phenanthriplatin and Its Analogs in the Core of Tobacco Mosaic Virus. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4279-4287. [PMID: 29553267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Efficient loading of drugs in novel delivery agents has the potential to substantially improve therapy by targeting the diseased tissue while avoiding unwanted side effects. Here we report the first systematic study of the loading mechanism of phenanthriplatin and its analogs into tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), previously used by our group as an efficient carrier for anticancer drug delivery. A detailed investigation of the preferential uptake of phenanthriplatin in its aquated form (∼2000 molecules per TMV particle versus ∼1000 for the chlorido form) is provided. Whereas the net charge of phenanthriplatin analogs and their ionic mobilities have no effect on loading, the reactivity of aqua phenanthriplatin with the glutamates, lining the interior walls of the channel of TMV, has a pronounced effect on its loading. MALDI-MS analysis along with NMR spectroscopic studies of a model reaction of hydroxy-phenanthriplatin with acetate establish the formation of stable covalent adducts. The increased number of heteroaromatic rings on the platinum ligand appears to enhance loading, possibly by stabilizing hydrophobic stacking interactions with TMV core components, specifically Pro102 and Thr103 residues neighboring Glu97 and Glu106 in the channel. Electron transfer dissociation MS/MS fragmentation, a technique that can prevent mass-condition-vulnerable modification of proteins, reveals that Glu97 preferentially participates over Glu106 in covalent bond formation to the platinum center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit A Vernekar
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Gilles Berger
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | | | - David I Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gabano E, Perin E, Fielden C, Platts JA, Gallina A, Rangone B, Ravera M. How to obtain Pt(iv) complexes suitable for conjugation to nanovectors from the oxidation of [PtCl(terpyridine)] . Dalton Trans 2018; 46:10246-10254. [PMID: 28737785 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01706e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of [Pt(II)Cl(terpy)]+ (terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) has been attempted with several oxidizing agents and under different experimental conditions in order to obtain a Pt(iv) complex suitable for the conjugation to nanovectors to be used in drug delivery targeting for anticancer therapy. The best compromise in terms of yield and purity of the final complex was obtained by microwave-assisted reaction at 70 °C in 50% aqueous H2O2 for 2 h. Under these conditions the quantitative formation of [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)2(terpy)]+ was observed. The subsequent synthetic steps were, (i) functionalization of [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)2(terpy)]+ in the axial position with succinic anhydride to obtain [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)(succinato)(terpy)]+ and (ii) reaction of the latter with nonporous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with an external shell containing primary amino groups to obtain a nanovector able to transport the Pt(iv) antitumor prodrug in the form of a conjugate Pt-SNP. Finally, the antiproliferative activity and cell accumulation of [Pt(II)Cl(terpy)]+, [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)2(terpy)]+, and the Pt-SNP conjugate were measured on three cancer cell lines. Despite highly effective accumulation of Pt-SNP in cells, a modest increase in activity was observed with respect to the molecular species. Further experiments showed that the Pt-SNP conjugate can release [Pt(II)Cl(terpy)]+ upon reduction, but this metabolite may undergo hydrolysis, and the resulting aquo complex could coordinate once again the free amino groups of the SNPs. In the resulting tetraamine form, the Pt(ii) complex conjugated to the SNPs cannot completely perform its antiproliferative activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Marino T, Parise A, Russo N. The role of arsenic in the hydrolysis and DNA metalation processes in an arsenous acid-platinum(ii) anticancer complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:1328-1334. [PMID: 27966695 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06179f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Platinum(ii)-based molecules are the most commonly used anticancer drugs in the chemotherapeutic treatment of tumours but possess serious side effects and some cancer types exhibit resistance with respect to these compounds (e.g. cisplatin). For these reasons, the research of new compounds that can bypass this limitation is in continuous development. Recently, mixed Pt(ii)-As(iii) systems have been synthesized and tested as potential anticancer agents. The mechanism of action of these kinds of drugs is unclear. Since in other platinum(ii) containing drugs, hydrolysis plays an important role in the activation of the compound before it reaches DNA, we have explored the aquation process using density functional theory (DFT), focusing our attention on the arsenoplatin complex, [Pt(μ-NHC(CH3)O)2ClAs(OH)2]. As DNA is believed to be the cellular target for Pt anticancer drugs, the metalation mechanism of DNA purine bases has been also investigated. Also for this new drug it appears that guanine is the preferred site with respect to adenine as with other platinum-containing compounds. A comparison with cisplatin is performed in order to highlight the contribution of arsenic in the anticancer activity of this new proposed anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Marino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Cubo 14C, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - A Parise
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Cubo 14C, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| | - N Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Cubo 14C, Via P. Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rahman FU, Bhatti MZ, Ali A, Duong HQ, Zhang Y, Yang B, Koppireddi S, Lin Y, Wang H, Li ZT, Zhang DW. Homo- and heteroleptic Pt(II) complexes of ONN donor hydrazone and 4-picoline: A synthetic, structural and detailed mechanistic anticancer investigation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:1039-1052. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
37
|
Teng B, Han Y, Zhang X, Xiao H, Yu C, Li H, Cheng Z, Jin D, Wong KL, Ma P, Lin J. Phenanthriplatin(iv) conjugated multifunctional up-converting nanoparticles for drug delivery and biomedical imaging. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5059-5068. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are widely used in the clinical treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|
38
|
Yu G, Zhang M, Saha ML, Mao Z, Chen J, Yao Y, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Gao C, Huang F, Chen X, Stang PJ. Antitumor Activity of a Unique Polymer That Incorporates a Fluorescent Self-Assembled Metallacycle. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15940-15949. [PMID: 29019660 PMCID: PMC5827967 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known anticancer activity of mono- and multinuclear platinum complexes, studies of the antitumor performances of platinum-based supramolecular coordination complexes are rare. Herein, we report on the synthesis of a four-armed amphiphilic copolymer, Pt-PAZMB-b-POEGMA, containing a metallacycle M, in which the tetraphenylethene derivative acts as an aggregation-induced emissive fluorescent probe for live cell imaging and the 3,6-bis[trans-Pt(PEt3)2]phenanthrene (PhenPt) is an anticancer drug. This copolymer was further self-assembled into nanoparticles of different sizes and vesicles depending upon the experimental conditions. The impacts of the morphology and size of the assemblies on their endocytic pathways, uptake rates, internalization amounts, and cytotoxicities were investigated. The self-assemblies were further employed to encapsulate doxorubicin (DOX) to achieve a synergistic anticancer effect. Controlled drug release was also realized via amphiphilicity changes and was driven by a glutathione-induced cascade elimination reaction. The DOX-loaded nanoparticles of around 50 nm in size exhibited an excellent antitumor performance as well as a low systemic toxicity, due to an enhanced permeability and retention effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Manik Lal Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zhengwei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yijing Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yu Y, Cai Z, Yuan W, Liu P, Sun P. Radical Addition/Insertion/Cyclization Cascade Reaction To Assemble Phenanthridines from N-Arylacrylamide Using Cyano as a Bridge under Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8148-8156. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes
and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes
and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwen Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes
and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes
and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes
and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Peng MN, Zhu ZY, Tan LF. Binding Differences of Two Homochiral [Ru(bpy) 2dppz] 2+ Complexes with poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U) Triplex RNA. Inorg Chem 2017. [PMID: 28636339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The first investigation of chiral ruthenium(II) complexes Δ- and Λ-[Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ and triplex RNA poly(U)·poly(A)*poly(U) was carried out, which showed that Δ enantiomer displayed significant ability in stabilizing model triplex RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Na Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education and ‡College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education and ‡College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Li-Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education and ‡College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University , Xiangtan 411105, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Porta F, Facchetti G, Ferri N, Gelain A, Meneghetti F, Villa S, Barlocco D, Masciocchi D, Asai A, Miyoshi N, Marchianò S, Kwon BM, Jin Y, Gandin V, Marzano C, Rimoldi I. An in vivo active 1,2,5-oxadiazole Pt(II) complex: A promising anticancer agent endowed with STAT3 inhibitory properties. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:196-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
42
|
Rahman FU, Ali A, Khan IU, Duong HQ, Yu SB, Lin YJ, Wang H, Li ZT, Zhang DW. Morpholine or methylpiperazine and salicylaldimine based heteroleptic square planner platinum (II) complexes: In vitro anticancer study and growth retardation effect on E. coli. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:263-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
43
|
Janjić GV, Milosavljević MD, Veljković DŽ, Zarić SD. Prediction of strong O-H/M hydrogen bonding between water and square-planar Ir and Rh complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:8657-8660. [PMID: 28317955 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08796e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular O-H/M interactions, between a water molecule and square-planar acac complexes ([M(acac)L2]), with different types of L ligands (en, H2O, CO, CN-, and OH-) and different types of metal atoms (Ir(i), Rh(i), Pt(ii), and Pd(ii)) were studied by high level ab initio calculations. Among the studied neutral complexes, the [Pd(acac)(CN)(CO)] complex forms the weakest interaction, -0.62 kcal mol-1, while the [Ir(acac)(en)] complex forms the strongest interaction, -9.83 kcal mol-1, which is remarkably stronger than the conventional hydrogen bond between two water molecules (-4.84 kcal mol-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G V Janjić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M D Milosavljević
- Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - D Ž Veljković
- Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - S D Zarić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. and Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mandapati P, Giesbrecht PK, Davis RL, Herbert DE. Phenanthridine-Containing Pincer-like Amido Complexes of Nickel, Palladium, and Platinum. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3674-3685. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Mandapati
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba
Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Patrick K. Giesbrecht
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba
Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rebecca L. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba
Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and the Manitoba
Institute for Materials, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kahwajy N, Nematollahi A, Kim RR, Church WB, Wheate NJ. Comparative macrocycle binding of the anticancer drug phenanthriplatin by cucurbit[n]urils, β-cyclodextrin and para-sulfonatocalix[4]arene: a 1H NMR and molecular modelling study. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-017-0694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
46
|
Polyanionic Biopolymers for the Delivery of Pt(II) Cationic Antiproliferative Complexes. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2016; 2016:2380540. [PMID: 27774043 PMCID: PMC5059510 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2380540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin, that is, (SP-4-3)-diamminechlorido(phenanthridine)platinum(II) nitrate, an effective antitumor cationic Pt(II) complex, was loaded on negatively charged dextran sulfate (DS) as a model vector for drug delivery via electrostatic interactions. The free complex and the corresponding conjugate with DS were tested on two standard human tumor cell lines, namely, ovarian A2780 and colon HCT 116, and on several malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines (namely, epithelioid BR95, mixed/biphasic MG06, sarcomatoid MM98, and sarcomatoid cisplatin-resistant MM98R). The in vitro results suggest that the conjugate releases the active metabolite phenanthriplatin with a biphasic fashion. In these experimental conditions, the conjugate is slightly less active than free phenanthriplatin; but both exhibited antiproliferative potency higher than the reference metallodrug cisplatin and were able to overcome the acquired cisplatin chemoresistance in MM98R cells.
Collapse
|
47
|
Vernooij R, Joshi T, Shaili E, Kubeil M, Appadoo DT, Izgorodina EI, Graham B, Sadler PJ, Wood BR, Spiccia L. Comprehensive Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation of trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(py)2], a Pt(IV) Diazido Anticancer Prodrug Candidate. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5983-92. [PMID: 27257848 PMCID: PMC4916484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a detailed study of a promising photoactivatable metal-based anticancer prodrug candidate, trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N3)2(OH)2(py)2] (C1; py = pyridine), using vibrational spectroscopic techniques. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), Raman, and synchrotron radiation far-IR (SR-FIR) spectroscopies were applied to obtain highly resolved ligand and Pt-ligand vibrations for C1 and its precursors (trans-[Pt(N3)2(py)2] (C2) and trans-[PtCl2(py)2] (C3)). Distinct IR- and Raman-active vibrational modes were assigned with the aid of density functional theory calculations, and trends in the frequency shifts as a function of changing Pt coordination environment were determined and detailed for the first time. The data provide the ligand and Pt-ligand (azide, hydroxide, pyridine) vibrational signatures for C1 in the mid- and far-IR region, which will provide a basis for the better understanding of the interaction of C1 with biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbin
R. Vernooij
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Tanmaya Joshi
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Evyenia Shaili
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Manja Kubeil
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ekaterina I. Izgorodina
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Bim Graham
- Monash
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash
University, Melbourne, 3052 VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Bayden R. Wood
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
| | - Leone Spiccia
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Biospectroscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, 3800 VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Riddell IA, Johnstone TC, Park GY, Lippard SJ. Nucleotide Binding Preference of the Monofunctional Platinum Anticancer-Agent Phenanthriplatin. Chemistry 2016; 22:7574-81. [PMID: 27111128 PMCID: PMC4884344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The monofunctional platinum anticancer agent phenanthriplatin generates covalent adducts with the purine bases guanine and adenine. Preferential nucleotide binding was investigated by using a polymerase stop assay and linear DNA amplification with a 163-base pair DNA double helix. Similarly to cisplatin, phenanthriplatin forms the majority of adducts at guanosine residues, but significant differences in both the number and position of platination sites emerge when comparing results for the two complexes. Notably, the monofunctional complex generates a greater number of polymerase-halting lesions at adenosine residues than does cisplatin. Studies with 9-methyladenine reveal that, under abiological conditions, phenanthriplatin binds to the N(1) or N(7) position of 9-methyladenine in approximately equimolar amounts. By contrast, comparable reactions with 9-methylguanine afforded only the N(7) -bound species. Both of the 9-methyladenine linkage isomers (N(1) and N(7) ) exist as two diastereomeric species, arising from hindered rotation of the aromatic ligands about their respective platinum-nitrogen bonds. Eyring analysis of rate constants extracted from variable-temperature NMR spectroscopic data revealed that the activation energies for ligand rotation in the N(1) -bound platinum complex and the N(7) -linkage isomers are comparable. Finally, a kinetic analysis indicated that phenanthriplatin reacts more rapidly, by a factor of eight, with 9-methylguanine than with 9-methyladenine, suggesting that the distribution of lesions formed on double-stranded DNA is kinetically controlled. In addition, implications for the potent anticancer activity of phenanthriplatin are discussed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imogen A Riddell
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Ga Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Allampally NK, Mayoral MJ, Chansai S, Lagunas MC, Hardacre C, Stepanenko V, Albuquerque RQ, Fernández G. Control over the Self-Assembly Modes of Pt(II) Complexes by Alkyl Chain Variation: From Slipped to Parallel π-Stacks. Chemistry 2016; 22:7810-6. [PMID: 27113990 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the self-assembly of a new family of hydrophobic, bis(pyridyl) Pt(II) complexes featuring an extended oligophenyleneethynylene-derived π-surface appended with six long (dodecyloxy (2)) or short (methoxy (3)) side groups. Complex 2, containing dodecyloxy chains, forms fibrous assemblies with a slipped arrangement of the monomer units (dPt⋅⋅⋅Pt ≈14 Å) in both nonpolar solvents and the solid state. Dispersion-corrected PM6 calculations suggest that this organization is driven by cooperative π-π, C-H⋅⋅⋅Cl and π-Pt interactions, which is supported by EXAFS and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. In contrast, nearly parallel π-stacks (dPt⋅⋅⋅Pt ≈4.4 Å) stabilized by multiple π-π and C-H⋅⋅⋅Cl contacts are obtained in the crystalline state for 3 lacking long side chains, as shown by X-ray analysis and PM6 calculations. Our results reveal not only the key role of alkyl chain length in controlling self-assembly modes but also show the relevance of Pt-bound chlorine ligands as new supramolecular synthons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Allampally
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - María José Mayoral
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarayute Chansai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universtity Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - María Cristina Lagunas
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universtity Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's Universtity Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Q Albuquerque
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, A, v. Trab. São-Carlense, 400, 13560-970, São Carlos-SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wang Z, Yu H, Gou S, Chen F, Fang L. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Features of Platinum(II) Complexes with Rigid Steric Hindrance. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4519-28. [PMID: 27074104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of platinum(II) complexes, with N-monosubstituted 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane bearing methoxy-substituted benzyl groups as carrier ligands, were designed and synthesized. The newly prepared compounds, with chloride anions as leaving groups, were found to be very active against the tested cancer cell lines, including a cisplatin-resistant cell line. Despite their efficacy against tumor cells, they also showed low toxicity to a human normal liver cell line. Among them, complex 1 had superior cytotoxic activity against A549, HCT-116, MCF-7, SGC7901, and SGC7901/CDDP cancer cell lines. The DNA binding assay is of further special interest, as an unusual monofunctional binding mode was found, due to the introduction of a rigid substituted aromatic ring in the 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane framework as steric hindrance. The linkage of complex 1 with DNA was stable and insensitive to nucleophilic attack. Moreover, studies including cellular uptake, gel electrophoresis, apoptosis and cell cycle, and Western blot analysis have provided insight into the high potency of this compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Feihong Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University , Nanjing 211189, China
| |
Collapse
|