1
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Solov’yov AV, Verkhovtsev AV, Mason NJ, Amos RA, Bald I, Baldacchino G, Dromey B, Falk M, Fedor J, Gerhards L, Hausmann M, Hildenbrand G, Hrabovský M, Kadlec S, Kočišek J, Lépine F, Ming S, Nisbet A, Ricketts K, Sala L, Schlathölter T, Wheatley AEH, Solov’yov IA. Condensed Matter Systems Exposed to Radiation: Multiscale Theory, Simulations, and Experiment. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8014-8129. [PMID: 38842266 PMCID: PMC11240271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This roadmap reviews the new, highly interdisciplinary research field studying the behavior of condensed matter systems exposed to radiation. The Review highlights several recent advances in the field and provides a roadmap for the development of the field over the next decade. Condensed matter systems exposed to radiation can be inorganic, organic, or biological, finite or infinite, composed of different molecular species or materials, exist in different phases, and operate under different thermodynamic conditions. Many of the key phenomena related to the behavior of irradiated systems are very similar and can be understood based on the same fundamental theoretical principles and computational approaches. The multiscale nature of such phenomena requires the quantitative description of the radiation-induced effects occurring at different spatial and temporal scales, ranging from the atomic to the macroscopic, and the interlinks between such descriptions. The multiscale nature of the effects and the similarity of their manifestation in systems of different origins necessarily bring together different disciplines, such as physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, nanoscience, and biomedical research, demonstrating the numerous interlinks and commonalities between them. This research field is highly relevant to many novel and emerging technologies and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nigel J. Mason
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United
Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Amos
- Department
of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Ilko Bald
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gérard Baldacchino
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- CY Cergy Paris Université,
CEA, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Brendan Dromey
- Centre
for Light Matter Interactions, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Falk
- Institute
of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juraj Fedor
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Gerhards
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hausmann
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Hildenbrand
- Kirchhoff-Institute
for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty
of Engineering, University of Applied Sciences
Aschaffenburg, Würzburger
Str. 45, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | | | - Stanislav Kadlec
- Eaton European
Innovation Center, Bořivojova
2380, 25263 Roztoky, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kočišek
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Franck Lépine
- Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière
Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Siyi Ming
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Nisbet
- Department
of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Kate Ricketts
- Department
of Targeted Intervention, University College
London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Leo Sala
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Schlathölter
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh
4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- University
College Groningen, University of Groningen, Hoendiepskade 23/24, 9718 BG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew E. H. Wheatley
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield
Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ilia A. Solov’yov
- Institute
of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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2
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Dearg M, Lethbridge S, McCormack J, Palmer RE, Slater TJA. Characterisation of the morphology of surface-assembled Au nanoclusters on amorphous carbon. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:10827-10832. [PMID: 38768221 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy is employed to investigate the morphology of Au clusters formed from the aggregation of single atoms sputtered onto an amorphous carbon surface. The morphologies of surface-assembled clusters of N > 100 atoms are referenced against the morphologies of size-selected clusters determined from previously published results. We observe that surface-assembled clusters (at the conditions employed here) are approximately spherical in shape. The structural isomers of the imaged clusters have also been identified, and the distribution of structural types is broadly in agreement with those from size-selected cluster deposition sources. For clusters of approximately 147 atoms, we find a preference for icosahedra over decahedra and truncated octahedra, but at this size there is a high proportion of unidentified/amorphous structures. At around 309 atoms, we find a preference for decahedra over icosahedra and truncated octahedra, but over half the structures remain unidentifiable/amorphous. For sizes above approximately 561 atoms we are able to identify most of the structures, and find decahedra are still the most favoured, although in competition with single-crystal fcc morphologies. The similarity in structure between surface-assembled and size-selected clusters from a cluster source provides evidence of the relevance of size-selected cluster studies to clusters synthesised by other, industrially relevant, methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Dearg
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Sean Lethbridge
- Nanomaterials Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - James McCormack
- Nanomaterials Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Richard E Palmer
- Nanomaterials Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Thomas J A Slater
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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3
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Aguilera-Del-Toro RH, Aguilera-Granja F, Vega A. Structural and electronic changes in the Ni 13@Ag 42 nanoparticle under surface oxidation: the role of silver coating. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:3117-3125. [PMID: 38189473 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05043b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Icosahedral Ni13@Ag42 is a stable nanoparticle formed by a magnetic nickel core surrounded by a silver coating that provides physical protection to the 3d metal cluster as well as antibacterial properties. In this work, we report density functional theoretical calculations to delve into a comprehensive analysis of how surface oxidation impacts the structural, electronic, magnetic, and reactivity properties of this interesting nanoparticle. To elucidate the role played by the silver coating, we compare the results with those found for the bare Ni13 cluster also subjected to surface oxidation. When Ni13 is covered by silver, we find a markedly robust behavior of the magnetic moment of the resulting nanoparticle, which remains nearly constant upon oxidation up to the rates explored, and the same holds for its overall reactivity. The obtained trends are rationalized in terms of the complex interplay between Ni-Ag and Ag-O interactions which impact the relative inter-atomic distances, charge transfer effects, spin polarization and magnetic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Aguilera-Del-Toro
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, ES-47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - F Aguilera-Granja
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - A Vega
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y Óptica, Universidad de Valladolid, ES-47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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4
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Abstract
A significant challenge in the development of functional materials is understanding the growth and transformations of anisotropic colloidal metal nanocrystals. Theory and simulations can aid in the development and understanding of anisotropic nanocrystal syntheses. The focus of this review is on how results from first-principles calculations and classical techniques, such as Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, have been integrated into multiscale theoretical predictions useful in understanding shape-selective nanocrystal syntheses. Also, examples are discussed in which machine learning has been useful in this field. There are many areas at the frontier in condensed matter theory and simulation that are or could be beneficial in this area and these prospects for future progress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Fichthorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Physics The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16803 United States
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5
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Influence of air exposure on structural isomers of silver nanoparticles. Commun Chem 2023; 6:19. [PMID: 36698009 PMCID: PMC9873626 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Up to date, the influence of ambient air exposure on the energetics and stability of silver clusters has rarely been investigated and compared to clusters in vacuum. Silver clusters up to 3000 atoms in size, on an amorphous carbon film, have been exposed to ambient air and investigated by atomic-resolution imaging in the aberration-corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope. Ordered structures comprise more than half the population, the rest are amorphous. Here, we show that the most common ordered isomer structures is the icosahedron. These results contrast with the published behaviour of silver clusters protected from atmospheric exposure, where the predominant ordered isomer is face-centred cubic. We propose that the formation of surface oxide or sulphide species resulting from air exposure can account for this deviation in stable isomer. This interpretation is consistent with density functional theory calculations based on silver nanoclusters, in the size range 147-201 atoms, on which methanethiol molecules are adsorbed. An understanding of the effects of ambient exposure on the atomic structure and therefore functional properties of nanoparticles is highly relevant to their real-world performance and applications.
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6
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Grammatikopoulos P, Bouloumis T, Steinhauer S. Gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles: current application challenges and instrumentation development responses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:897-912. [PMID: 36537176 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles constitute fundamental building blocks required in several fields of application with current global importance. To fully exploit nanoparticle properties specifically determined by the size, shape, chemical composition and interfacial configuration, rigorous nanoparticle growth and deposition control is needed. Gas-phase synthesis, in particular magnetron-sputtering inert-gas condensation, provides unique opportunities to realise engineered nanoparticles optimised for the desired use case. Here, we provide an overview of recent nanoparticle growth experiments via this technique, how the latter can meet application-specific requirements, and what challenges might impede the wide-spread adoption for scalable industrial synthesis. More specifically, we discuss the timely topics of energy, catalysis, and sensing applications enabled by gas-phase synthesised nanoparticles, as well as recently emerging advances in neuromorphic devices for unconventional computing. Having identified the most relevant challenges and limiting factors, we outline how advances in nanoparticle source instrumentation and/or in situ diagnostics can address current shortcomings. Eventually we identify common trends and directions, giving our perspective on the most promising and impactful applications of gas-phase synthesised nanoparticles in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Grammatikopoulos
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | - Theodoros Bouloumis
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, 1919-1 Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Stephan Steinhauer
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm SE 106 91, Sweden
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7
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Kloppenburg J, Pedersen A, Laasonen K, Caro MA, Jónsson H. Reassignment of magic numbers for icosahedral Au clusters: 310, 564, 928 and 1426. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9053-9060. [PMID: 35704390 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Icosahedral Au clusters with three and four shells of atoms are found to deviate significantly from the commonly assumed Mackay structures. By introducing additional atoms in the surface shell and creating a vacancy in the center of the cluster, the calculated energy per atom can be lowered significantly, according to several different descriptions of the interatomic interaction. Analogous icosahedral structures with five and six shells of atoms are generated using the same structural motifs and are similarly found to be more stable than Mackay icosahedra. The lowest energy per atom obtained here is for clusters containing 310, 564, 928 and 1426 atoms, as compared with the commonly assumed magic numbers of 309, 561, 923 and 1415. Some of the vertices in the optimized clusters have a hexagonal ring of atoms, rather than a pentagon, with the vertex atom missing. An inner shell atom in some cases moves outwards by more than an Ångström into the surface shell at such a vertex site. This feature, as well as the wide distribution of nearest-neighbor distances in the surface layer, can strongly influence the properties of icosahedral clusters, for example catalytic activity. The structural optimization is initially carried out using the GOUST method with atomic forces estimated with the EMT empirical potential function, but the atomic coordinates are then refined by minimization using electron density functional theory (DFT) or Gaussian approximation potential (GAP). A single energy barrier is found to separate the Mackay icosahedron from a lower energy structure where a string of atoms moves outwards in a concerted manner from the center so as to create a central vacancy while placing an additional atom in the surface shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kloppenburg
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, FIN-02150 Aalto, Finland
| | - Andreas Pedersen
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Miguel A Caro
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, FIN-02150 Aalto, Finland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland VR-III, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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8
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Pavloudis T, Kioseoglou J, Palmer RE. An ab initio study of size-selected Pd nanocluster catalysts for the hydrogenation of 1-pentyne. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:3231-3237. [PMID: 35044405 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05470h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of alkynes is an important reaction in the synthesis of both fine and bulk chemicals. Palladium-based catalysts are widely used and therefore size-selected Pd nanoclusters may provide enhanced performance. An investigation of the adsorption and desorption of the molecules involved in the reaction can shed light on the activity and selectivity of the catalysts. We employ ab initio calculations to investigate the binding energies of all the molecules related to the hydrogenation of 1-pentyne (1-pentyne, 1-pentene, cis-2-pentene, trans-2-pentene and pentane) on a comprehensive set of possible binding sites of two Pd147 and Pd561 cuboctahedral nanoclusters. We extract the site and size dependence of these binding energies. We find that the adsorption of 1-pentyne occurs preferably on the (100) facets of the nanoclusters, followed by their (111) facets, their edges and their vertices. The molecule binds more strongly on the larger nanoclusters, which are therefore expected to display higher activity. The binding energies of the pentenes are found to be lower on the smaller nanoclusters. Therefore, these molecules are expected to desorb more easily and the small clusters should display better selectivity, i.e., partial hydrogenation to 1-pentene, compared with large clusters. Our results provide guidelines for the optimal design of Pd nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Pavloudis
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK. .,Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Joseph Kioseoglou
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Richard E Palmer
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK.
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9
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Yadav A, Li Y, Liao TW, Hu KJ, Scheerder JE, Safonova OV, Höltzl T, Janssens E, Grandjean D, Lievens P. Enhanced Methanol Electro-Oxidation Activity of Nanoclustered Gold. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004541. [PMID: 33554437 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Size-selected 3 nm gas-phase Au clusters dispersed by cluster beam deposition (CBD) on a conducting fluorine-doped tin oxide template show strong enhancement in mass activity for the methanol electro-oxidation (MEO) reaction compared to previously reported nanostructured gold electrodes. Density functional theory-based modeling on the corresponding Au clusters guided by experiments attributes this high MEO activity to the high density of exposed under-coordinated Au atoms at their faceted surface. In the description of the activity trends, vertices and edges are the most active sites due to their favorable CO and OH adsorption energies. The faceted structures occurring in this size range, partly preserved upon deposition, may also prevent destructive restructuring during the oxidation-reduction cycle. These results highlight the benefits of using CBD in fine-tuning material properties on the nanoscale and designing high-performance fuel cell electrodes with less material usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Yadav
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Yejun Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Ting-Wei Liao
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Kuo-Juei Hu
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Jeroen E Scheerder
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | | | - Tibor Höltzl
- Furukawa Electric Institute of Technology, Budapest, 1158, Hungary
- MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Didier Grandjean
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
| | - Peter Lievens
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3001, Belgium
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10
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Exploring energy landscapes at the DFTB quantum level using the threshold algorithm: the case of the anionic metal cluster Au$$_{20}^{-}$$. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Nelli D, Roncaglia C, Ferrando R, Minnai C. Shape Changes in AuPd Alloy Nanoparticles Controlled by Anisotropic Surface Stress Relaxation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4609-4615. [PMID: 33971714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The shape of AuPd nanoparticles is engineered by surface stress relaxation, achieved by varying the Au content in nanoparticles of Pd-rich compositions. AuPd nanoparticles are grown in the gas phase for several compositions and growth conditions. Their structure is atomically resolved by HRTEM/STEM and EDX. In pure Pd distributions the dominant structures are FCC truncated octahedra (TO), while increasing the Au content there is a transition to icosahedral (Ih) structures in which Au atoms are preferentially placed at the nanoparticle surface. The transition is sharper for growth conditions closer to equilibrium. The physical origin of the transition is determined with the aid of computer simulations. Global optimization searches and free energy calculations confirm that Ih become the equilibrium structure for increasing the Au content. Atomic stress calculations demonstrate that the TO → Ih shape change is caused by a better relaxation of anisotropic surface stress in icosahedra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Cesare Roncaglia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ferrando
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Genova and CNR-IMEM, via Dodecaneso 33, Genova 16146, Italy
| | - Chloé Minnai
- Molecular Cryo-Electron Microscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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12
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Hu KJ, Ellis PR, Brown CM, Bishop PT, Palmer RE. From amorphous to ordered: Structural transformation of Pd nanoclusters in 1-pentyne hydrogenation reactions. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Loffreda D, Foster DM, Palmer RE, Tarrat N. Importance of Defective and Nonsymmetric Structures in Silver Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3705-3711. [PMID: 33831304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Scanning transmission electron microscopy experiments indicate that face-centered cubic (FCC) is the predominant ordered structure for Ag309 ± 7 nanoclusters, synthesized in vacuum. Historically, experiments do not present a consensus on the morphology at these sizes, whereas theoretical studies find the icosahedral symmetry for Ag309 and the decahedral shape for nearby sizes. We employ density functional theory calculations to rationalize these observations, considering both regular and defective Ag nanoparticles (281-321 atoms). The change of stability induced by the presence of defects, symmetry loss, and change of number of atoms is evaluated by the nanoparticle surface energy, which was measured previously. FCC and decahedral symmetries are found to be more favorable than icosahedral, consistent with our measurements of clusters protected from extended atmospheric exposure. In addition, an energy-free descriptor, surface atomic density, is proposed and qualitatively reproduces the surface energy data. Nonsymmetric and defective structures may be preferred over perfectly regular ones within a given size range.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Loffreda
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Dawn M Foster
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Richard E Palmer
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Nathalie Tarrat
- CEMES, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 29, Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
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14
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Porkovich AJ, Kumar P, Ziadi Z, Lloyd DC, Weng L, Jian N, Sasaki T, Sowwan M, Datta A. Defect-assisted electronic metal-support interactions: tuning the interplay between Ru nanoparticles and CuO supports for pH-neutral oxygen evolution. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:71-80. [PMID: 33350421 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06685k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic metal-support interactions (EMSIs) comprise an area of intense study, the manipulation of which is of paramount importance in the improvement of heterogeneous metal nanoparticle (NP) supported catalysts. EMSI is the transfer of charge from the support to NP, enabling more effective adsorption and interaction of reactants during catalysis. Ru NPs on CuO supports show different levels of EMSI (via charge transfer) depending on their crystal structure, with multiple twinned NPs showing greater potential for EMSI. We use magnetron-assisted gas phase aggregation for the synthesis of batches of Ru NPs with different populations of single crystal and multiple twinned nanoparticles, which were deposited on CuO nanowires (NWs). The surface charging of the Ru-CuO catalysts was investigated by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By doubling the population of multiple twinned NPs, the surface potential of the Ru-CuO catalysts increases roughly 4 times, coinciding with a similar increase in the amount of Ru4+. Therefore, tuning the amount of EMSI in a catalyst is possible through changing the population of multiple twinned Ru NPs in the catalyst. Increasing the amount of multiple twin NPs resulted in improved activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (a roughly 2.5 times decrease in the overpotentials when the population of multiple twinned NPs is increased) and better catalyst stability. This improvement is attributed to the fact that the multiple twin NPs maintained a metallic character under oxidation conditions (unlike single crystal NPs) due to the EMSI between the NP and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Porkovich
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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15
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Zhao J, Mayoral A, Martínez L, Johansson MP, Djurabekova F, Huttel Y. Core-Satellite Gold Nanoparticle Complexes Grown by Inert Gas-Phase Condensation. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:24441-24450. [PMID: 33193943 PMCID: PMC7662783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c07346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous growth of complexes consisted of a number of individual nanoparticles in a controlled manner, particularly in demanding environments of gas-phase synthesis, is a fascinating opportunity for numerous potential applications. Here, we report the formation of such core-satellite gold nanoparticle structures grown by magnetron sputtering inert gas condensation. Combining high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and computational simulations, we reveal the adhesive and screening role of H2O molecules in formation of stable complexes consisted of one nanoparticle surrounded by smaller satellites. A single layer of H2O molecules, condensed between large and small gold nanoparticles, stabilizes positioning of nanoparticles with respect to one another during milliseconds of the synthesis time. The lack of isolated small gold nanoparticles on the substrate is explained by Brownian motion that is significantly broader for small-size particles. It is inferred that H2O as an admixture in the inert gas condensation opens up possibilities of controlling the final configuration of the different noble metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Zhao
- Department
of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 43, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Alvaro Mayoral
- Institute
of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), Spanish National Research
Council (CSIC), University of Zaragoza, 12 Calle de Pedro Cerbuna, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), University
of Zaragoza, 12 Calle de Pedro Cerbuna, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Center
for High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (CℏEM) School of Physical
Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lidia Martínez
- Materials
Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikael P. Johansson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- CSC−IT
Center for Science, P.O. Box 405, FI-02101 Espoo, Finland
| | - Flyura Djurabekova
- Department
of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 43, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yves Huttel
- Materials
Science Factory, Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Lu S, Hu K, Zuo Z, Hu S, Wang G, Song F, Cao L. Beam generation and structural optimization of size-selected Au 923 clusters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2720-2725. [PMID: 36132384 PMCID: PMC9418728 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00304b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A size-selected beam of Au923±20 clusters is generated in a gas-phase condensation cluster source equipped with a lateral time-of-flight mass selector. The beam current reaches up to 9.13 nA for small clusters and 80 pA for Au923±20 clusters, which are then analyzed using a scanning transmission electron microscope. Four types of metastable structures are observed for the Au923±20 clusters, including ino-decahedron (Dh), cuboctahedron and icosahedron (Ih). The proportion of bulk-favorable cuboctahedron (i.e. face center cubic (Fcc)) structure takes up only 10-20%, while the penta-rotating symmetrical structures (Dh/Ih) are the dominant ones which take up over three quarters. Changing the beam condition may optimize the clusters from Dh-dominant to the Ih-dominant phase, which paves the way towards nanoparticle control beyond the diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- Atomic Manufacture Institute (AMI) 211805 Nanjing China
| | - Kuojuei Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- Atomic Manufacture Institute (AMI) 211805 Nanjing China
| | - Zewen Zuo
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- Atomic Manufacture Institute (AMI) 211805 Nanjing China
| | - Shengyong Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- Atomic Manufacture Institute (AMI) 211805 Nanjing China
| | - Guanghou Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- Atomic Manufacture Institute (AMI) 211805 Nanjing China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- Atomic Manufacture Institute (AMI) 211805 Nanjing China
| | - Lu Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
- Atomic Manufacture Institute (AMI) 211805 Nanjing China
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17
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Cai R, Martelli F, Vernieres J, Albonetti S, Dimitratos N, Tizaoui C, Palmer RE. Scale-Up of Cluster Beam Deposition to the Gram Scale with the Matrix Assembly Cluster Source for Heterogeneous Catalysis (Catalytic Ozonation of Nitrophenol in Aqueous Solution). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24877-24882. [PMID: 32391685 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of precisely controlled clusters from the beam onto suitable supports represents a novel method to prepare advanced cluster-based catalysts. In principle, cluster size, composition, and morphology can be tuned or selected prior to deposition. The newly invented matrix assembly cluster source (MACS) offers one solution to the long-standing problem of low cluster deposition rate. Demonstrations of the cluster activities under realistic reaction conditions are now needed. We deposited elemental silver (Ag) and gold (Au) clusters onto gram-scale powders of commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2) to investigate the catalytic oxidation of nitrophenol (a representative pollutant in water) by ozone in aqueous solution, as relevant to the removal of waste drugs from the water supply. A range of techniques, including scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area test, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed to reveal the catalyst size, morphology, surface area, and oxidation state. Both the Ag and Au cluster catalysts proved active for the nitrophenol ozonation. The cluster catalysts showed activities at least comparable to those of catalysts made by traditional chemical methods in the literature, demonstrating the potential applications of the cluster beam deposition method for practical heterogeneous catalysis in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Cai
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, SwanseaSA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Francesca Martelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jerome Vernieres
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, SwanseaSA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Stefania Albonetti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Dimitratos
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chedly Tizaoui
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, SwanseaSA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Richard E Palmer
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, SwanseaSA1 8EN, U.K
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18
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Jindal S, Bulusu SS. Structural evolution in gold nanoparticles using artificial neural network based interatomic potentials. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:154302. [PMID: 32321271 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jindal
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Satya S. Bulusu
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
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19
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Pitto‐Barry A, Barry NPE. Effect of Temperature on the Nucleation and Growth of Precious Metal Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto‐Barry
- School of Chemistry and BiosciencesUniversity of Bradford Bradford BD7 1DP UK
| | - Nicolas P. E. Barry
- School of Chemistry and BiosciencesUniversity of Bradford Bradford BD7 1DP UK
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20
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Pitto-Barry A, Barry NPE. Effect of Temperature on the Nucleation and Growth of Precious Metal Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18482-18486. [PMID: 31592560 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of physical parameters (e.g., temperature) on crystallisation dynamics is of paramount importance for the synthesis of nanocrystals of well-defined sizes and geometries. However, imaging nucleation and growth is an experimental challenge owing to the resolution required and the kinetics involved. Here, by using an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope, we report the fabrication of precious metal nanocrystals from nuclei and the identification of the dynamics of their nucleation at three different temperatures (20, 50, and 100 °C). A fast, and apparently linear, acceleration of the growth rate is observed against increasing temperature (78.8, 117.7, and 176.5 pm min-1 , respectively). This work appears to be the first direct observation of the effect of temperature on the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Pitto-Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Nicolas P E Barry
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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21
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Fukui N, Yasumatsu H. Geometry control of size selected Pt clusters bound to Si substrate surface by cluster impact deposition. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224309. [PMID: 31837657 DOI: 10.1063/1.5127566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Geometry of platinum clusters, PtN (N = 30-71), supported on a silicon substrate was investigated, aiming to control the geometry. The supported clusters were prepared by the impact of size-selected PtN + onto the substrate at a given collision energy (cluster-impact deposition), and their geometry was observed by means of a scanning-tunneling microscope. Even at the collision energy of 1 eV per Pt atom, sufficiently strong Pt-Si interaction between PtN (N = 30 and 45) and the Si substrate allows them to be supported as close-packed monatomic-layered Pt disks, while at N = 60, multilayered shapes exist besides the monatomic-layered shape, the fraction of which increases at N = 71. When the collision energy is increased, Si atoms located at the interface between the cluster and Si substrate dissolve into the cluster, and with further increase in the collision energy, the Pt-Si cluster is partially implanted into the substrate. The transition in the shape of the supported clusters with the collision energy and the cluster size was explained according to the deformation of the clusters and the substrate surface by the cluster impact. It is proposed that the momentum of PtN + per its cross section is a good index to control the geometry in the case of strong cluster-support interaction such as Pt and Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Fukui
- East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
| | - Hisato Yasumatsu
- Cluster Research Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute: in East Tokyo Laboratory, Genesis Research Institute, Inc., 717-86 Futamata, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-0001, Japan
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22
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Lambie SG, Weal GR, Blackmore CE, Palmer RE, Garden AL. Contrasting motif preferences of platinum and gold nanoclusters between 55 and 309 atoms. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:2416-2425. [PMID: 36131985 PMCID: PMC9419228 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00122k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The atomic structure of size-selected Pt clusters in the range 10-600 atoms is investigated with aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and reveals significantly different behaviour from the existing data for Au clusters. The Pt clusters show a dominance of the FCC motif from relatively small sizes, whereas traditionally for Au multiple motifs - the icosahedron, decahedron and FCC motifs (and related structures) compete. The new data motivates a comprehensive computational investigation to better understand similarities and differences in the structures and energetics of the two different metallic clusters. Low energy structures of Pt and Au clusters with 55, 101, 147, 228 and 309 atoms (±2%) are identified using a global optimisation algorithm, and the relative energies found by local minimisation using density functional theory. Our computational results support the experimental observations; for Au clusters all motifs are comparably stable over the whole size range, whereas for Pt, the motifs only compete at the smallest sizes, after which the FCC motif is the most stable. Structural analysis suggests the greater tendency of Au towards amorphisation enables the icosahedron and decahedron to remain competitive at larger sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G Lambie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand +64 3 479 7906 +64 3 479 7928
| | - Geoffrey R Weal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand +64 3 479 7906 +64 3 479 7928
| | - Caroline E Blackmore
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Richard E Palmer
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus Fabian Way Swansea SA1 8EN UK
| | - Anna L Garden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago P.O. Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand +64 3 479 7906 +64 3 479 7928
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23
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Liu ZH, Chen X, Zhu YY, Zhao SH, Wang ZQ, Wang F, Meng QQ, Zhu L, Zhang QF, Wang BL, Fan LL. Well dispersed SnO 2 nanoclusters preparation and modulation of metal-insulator transition induced by ionic liquid. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1903049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-hu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Yi-yu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Si-han Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Qiang-qiang Meng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Qin-fang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Bao-lin Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Le-le Fan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
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24
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Baletto F. Structural properties of sub-nanometer metallic clusters. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:113001. [PMID: 30562724 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaf989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
At the nanoscale, the investigation of structural features becomes fundamental as we can establish relationships between cluster geometries and their physicochemical properties. The peculiarity lies in the variety of shapes often unusual and far from any geometrical and crystallographic intuition clusters can assume. In this respect, we should treat and consider nanoparticles as a new form of matter. Nanoparticle structures depend on their size, chemical composition, ordering, as well as external conditions e.g. synthesis method, pressure, temperature, support. On top of that, at finite temperatures nanoparticles can fluctuate among different structures, opening new and exciting horizons for the design of optimal nanoparticles for advanced applications. This article aims to overview geometrical features of transition metal clusters and of their various rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baletto
- Physics Department, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Chan CH, Poignant F, Beuve M, Dumont E, Loffreda D. A Water Solvation Shell Can Transform Gold Metastable Nanoparticles in the Fluxional Regime. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1092-1098. [PMID: 30707843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solvated gold nanoparticles have been modeled in the fluxional regime by density functional theory including dispersion forces for an extensive set of conventional morphologies. The study of isolated adsorption of one water molecule shows that the most stable adsorption forms are similar (corners and edges) regardless of the nanoparticle shape and size, although the adsorption strength differs significantly (0.15 eV). When a complete and explicit water solvation shell interacts with gold nanoclusters, metastable in vacuum and presenting a predominance of (100) square facets (ino-decahedra Au55 and Au147), these nanoparticles are found unstable and transform into the closest morphologies exhibiting mainly (111) triangular facets and symmetries. The corresponding adsorption strength per water molecule becomes independent of shape and size and is enhanced by the formation of two hydrogen bonds on average. For applications in radiotherapy, this study suggests that the shapes of small gold nanoparticles should be homogenized by interacting with the biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hui Chan
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon , France
| | - Floriane Poignant
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS5822/IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, PHABIO, Villeurbanne 69322 , France
| | - Michaël Beuve
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS5822/IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, PHABIO, Villeurbanne 69322 , France
| | - Elise Dumont
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon , France
| | - David Loffreda
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Laboratoire de Chimie, F-69342 Lyon , France
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26
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Prabhakaran V, Lang Z, Clotet A, Poblet JM, Johnson GE, Laskin J. Controlling the Activity and Stability of Electrochemical Interfaces Using Atom-by-Atom Metal Substitution of Redox Species. ACS NANO 2019; 13:458-466. [PMID: 30521751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular-level properties of electrochemically active ions at operating electrode-electrolyte interfaces (EEI) is key to the rational development of high-performance nanostructured surfaces for applications in energy technology. Herein, an electrochemical cell coupled with ion soft landing is employed to examine the effect of "atom-by-atom" metal substitution on the activity and stability of well-defined redox-active anions, PMo xW12- xO403- ( x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, or 12) at nanostructured ionic liquid EEI. A striking observation made by in situ electrochemical measurements and further supported by theoretical calculations is that the substitution of only one to three tungsten atoms by molybdenum atoms in the PW12O403- anions results in a substantial spike in their first reduction potential. Specifically, PMo3W9O403- showed the highest redox activity in both in situ electrochemical measurements and as part of a functional redox supercapacitor device, making it a "super-active redox anion" compared with all other PMo xW12- xO403- species. Electronic structure calculations showed that metal substitution in PMo xW12- xO403- causes the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to protrude locally, making it the "active site" for reduction of the anion. Several critical factors contribute to the observed trend in redox activity including (i) multiple isomeric structures populated at room temperature, which affect the experimentally determined reduction potential; (ii) substantial decrease of the LUMO energy upon replacement of W atoms with more-electronegative Mo atoms; and (iii) structural relaxation of the reduced species produced after the first reduction step. Our results illustrate a path to achieving superior performance of technologically relevant EEIs in functional nanoscale devices through understanding of the molecular-level electronic properties of specific electroactive species with "atom-by-atom" precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshkumar Prabhakaran
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Zhongling Lang
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica Inorgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , Tarragona 43007 , Spain
| | - Anna Clotet
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica Inorgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , Tarragona 43007 , Spain
| | - Josep M Poblet
- Department de Quı́mica Fı́sica Inorgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Marcel·lí Domingo 1 , Tarragona 43007 , Spain
| | - Grant E Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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27
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Yamazoe S, Tsukuda T. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy on Atomically Precise Metal Clusters. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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28
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Palmer RE, Cai R, Vernieres J. Synthesis without Solvents: The Cluster (Nanoparticle) Beam Route to Catalysts and Sensors. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2296-2304. [PMID: 30188111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is hard to predict the future of science. For example, when C60 and its structure were identified from the mass spectra of gas phase carbon clusters, few could have predicted the era of carbon nanotechnology which the discovery introduced. The solubilization and functionalization of C60, the identification and then synthesis of carbon nanotubes, and the generation and physics of graphene have made a scale of impact on the international R&D (and to some extent industrial) landscape which could not have been foreseen. Technology emerged from a search for molecules of astrochemical interest in the interstellar gas. This little sketch provides the authors with the confidence to present here a status report on progress toward another radical future-the synthesis of nanoparticles (typically metals) on an industrial scale without solvents and consequently effluents, without salts and their sometimes accompanying toxicity, with minimal prospects for unwanted nanoparticle escape into the environment, with a high degree of precision in the control of the size, shape and composition of the nanoparticles produced and with applications from catalysts and sensors to photonics, electronics and theranostics. In fact, our story begins in exactly the same place as the origin of the nanocarbon era-the generation and mass selection of free atomic clusters in a vacuum chamber. The steps along the path so far include deposition of such beams of clusters onto surfaces in vacuum, elucidation of the key elements of the cluster-surface interaction, and demonstrations of the potential applications of deposited clusters. The principal present challenges, formidable but solvable, are the necessary scale-up of cluster beam deposition from the nanogram to the gram scale and beyond, and the processing and integration of the nanoclusters into appropriate functional architectures, such as powders for heterogeneous catalysis, i.e., the formulation engineering problem. The research which is addressing these challenges is illustrated in this Account by examples of cluster production (on the traditional nanogram scale), emphasizing self-selection of size, controlled generation of nonspherical shapes, and nonspherical binary nanoparticles; by the scale-up of cluster beam production by orders of magnitude with the magnetron sputtering, gas condensation cluster source, and especially the Matrix Assembly Cluster Source (MACS); and by promising demonstrations of deposited clusters in gas sensing and in heterogeneous catalysis (this on the gram scale) in relevant environments (both liquid and vapor phases). The impact on manufacturing engineering of the new paradigm described here is undoubtedly radical; the prospects for economic success are, as usual, full of uncertainties. Let the readers form their own judgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Palmer
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Rongsheng Cai
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Vernieres
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
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29
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Vasileiadis T, Waldecker L, Foster D, Da Silva A, Zahn D, Bertoni R, Palmer RE, Ernstorfer R. Ultrafast Heat Flow in Heterostructures of Au Nanoclusters on Thin Films: Atomic Disorder Induced by Hot Electrons. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7710-7720. [PMID: 29995378 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the ultrafast structural dynamics, in response to electronic excitations, in heterostructures composed of size-selected Au nanoclusters on thin-film substrates with the use of femtosecond electron diffraction. Various forms of atomic motion, such as thermal vibrations, thermal expansion, and lattice disordering, manifest as distinct and quantifiable reciprocal-space observables. In photoexcited supported nanoclusters, thermal equilibration proceeds through intrinsic heat flow between their electrons and their lattice and extrinsic heat flow between the nanoclusters and their substrate. For an in-depth understanding of this process, we have extended the two-temperature model to the case of 0D/2D heterostructures and used it to describe energy flow among the various subsystems, to quantify interfacial coupling constants and to elucidate the role of the optical and thermal substrate properties. When lattice heating of Au nanoclusters is dominated by intrinsic heat flow, a reversible disordering of atomic positions occurs, which is absent when heat is injected as hot substrate phonons. The present analysis indicates that hot electrons can distort the lattice of nanoclusters, even if the lattice temperature is below the equilibrium threshold for surface premelting. Based on simple considerations, the effect is interpreted as activation of surface diffusion due to modifications of the potential energy surface at high electronic temperatures. We discuss the implications of such a process in structural changes during surface chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lutz Waldecker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Dawn Foster
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Da Silva
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Roman Bertoni
- Fritz-Haber-Institut , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Richard E Palmer
- College of Engineering , Swansea University , Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN , United Kingdom
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30
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Cuny J, Tarrat N, Spiegelman F, Huguenot A, Rapacioli M. Density-functional tight-binding approach for metal clusters, nanoparticles, surfaces and bulk: application to silver and gold. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:303001. [PMID: 29916820 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aacd6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Density-functional based tight-binding (DFTB) is an efficient quantum mechanical method that can describe a variety of systems, going from organic and inorganic compounds to metallic and hybrid materials. The present topical review addresses the ability and performance of DFTB to investigate energetic, structural, spectroscopic and dynamical properties of gold and silver materials. After a brief overview of the theoretical basis of DFTB, its parametrization and its transferability, we report its past and recent applications to gold and silver systems, including small clusters, nanoparticles, bulk and surfaces, bare and interacting with various organic and inorganic compounds. The range of applications covered by those studies goes from plasmonics and molecular electronics, to energy conversion and surface chemistry. Finally, perspectives of DFTB in the field of gold and silver surfaces and NPs are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Cuny
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ), Université de Toulouse III [UPS] and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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31
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Rossi K, Pártay LB, Csányi G, Baletto F. Thermodynamics of CuPt nanoalloys. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9150. [PMID: 29904180 PMCID: PMC6002547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of structural and chemical transitions in bimetallic nanoalloys at finite temperatures is one of the challenges for their use in advanced applications. Comparing Nested Sampling and Molecular Dynamics simulations, we investigate the phase changes of CuPt nanoalloys with the aim to elucidate the role of kinetic effects during their solidification and melting processes. We find that the quasi-thermodynamic limit for the nucleation of (CuPt)309 is 965 ± 10 K, but its prediction is increasingly underestimated when the system is cooled faster than 109 K/s. The solidified nanoparticles, classified following a novel tool based on Steinhardt parameters and the relative orientation of characteristic atomic environments, are then heated back to their liquid phase. We demonstrate the kinetic origin of the hysteresis in the caloric curve as (i) it closes for rates slower than 108 K/s, with a phase change temperature of 970 K ± 25 K, in very good agreement with its quasi-thermodynamic limit; (ii) the process happens simultaneously in the inner and outer layers; (iii) an onion-shell chemical order - Cu-rich surface, Pt-rich sub-surface, and mixed core - is always preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rossi
- Physics Department, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - L B Pártay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom
| | - G Csányi
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Baletto
- Physics Department, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
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32
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Tarrat N, Rapacioli M, Spiegelman F. Au 147 nanoparticles: Ordered or amorphous? J Chem Phys 2018; 148:204308. [PMID: 29865846 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural aspects of the Au147 cluster have been investigated through a density functional based tight binding global optimization involving a parallel tempering molecular dynamics scheme with quenching followed by geometries relaxation at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level. The focus is put on the competition between relaxed ordered regular geometries and disordered (or amorphous) structures. The present work shows that Au147 amorphous geometries are relevant low energy candidates and are likely to contribute in finite temperature dynamics and thermodynamics. The structure of the amorphous-like isomers is discussed from the anisotropy parameters, the atomic coordinations, the radial and pair distribution functions, the IR spectra, and the vibrational DOS. With respect to the regular structures, the amorphous geometries are shown to be characterized by a larger number of surface atoms, a less dense volume with reduced coordination number per atom, a propensity to increase the dimension of flat facets at the surface, and a stronger anisotropy. Moreover, all amorphous clusters have similar IR spectra, almost continuous with active frequencies over the whole spectral range, while symmetric clusters are characterized by a few lines with large intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Tarrat
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29, Rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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33
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Guan ZJ, Zeng JL, Yuan SF, Hu F, Lin YM, Wang QM. Au57
Ag53
(C≡CPh)40
Br12
: A Large Nanocluster with C
1
Symmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5703-5707. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jiu-Lian Zeng
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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34
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Guan ZJ, Zeng JL, Yuan SF, Hu F, Lin YM, Wang QM. Au57
Ag53
(C≡CPh)40
Br12
: A Large Nanocluster with C
1
Symmetry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jiu-Lian Zeng
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Shang-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Mei Lin
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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35
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Experimental determination of the energy difference between competing isomers of deposited, size-selected gold nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1323. [PMID: 29615638 PMCID: PMC5882772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The equilibrium structures and dynamics of a nanoscale system are regulated by a complex potential energy surface (PES). This is a key target of theoretical calculations but experimentally elusive. We report the measurement of a key PES parameter for a model nanosystem: size-selected Au nanoclusters, soft-landed on amorphous silicon nitride supports. We obtain the energy difference between the most abundant structural isomers of magic number Au561 clusters, the decahedron and face-centred-cubic (fcc) structures, from the equilibrium proportions of the isomers. These are measured by atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, with an ultra-stable heating stage, as a function of temperature (125–500 °C). At lower temperatures (20–125 °C) the behaviour is kinetic, exhibiting down conversion of metastable decahedra into fcc structures; the higher state is repopulated at higher temperatures in equilibrium. We find the decahedron is 0.040 ± 0.020 eV higher in energy than the fcc isomer, providing a benchmark for the theoretical treatment of nanoparticles. The equilibrium structures and dynamics of a nanoscale system are regulated by a complex potential energy surface (PES), a key target of theoretical calculations but experimentally elusive. Here, the authors report the measurement of a key PES parameter for size-selected Au nanoclusters soft-landed on amorphous silicon nitride supports.
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36
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Garden AL, Pedersen A, Jónsson H. Reassignment of 'magic numbers' for Au clusters of decahedral and FCC structural motifs. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:5124-5132. [PMID: 29488526 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09440j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Calculations of low free energy structures of gold clusters with a few hundred to a few thousand atoms have been performed. For the study to be computationally feasible, a systematic scheme for generating low energy atomic structures with a given structural motif and a chosen size is used. Comparison of the relative stability of clusters with the decahedral and FCC motifs reveals periodic windows of stability for asymmetric, open-shell FCC clusters while the stability of the decahedral structural motif shows a smoother variation in stability with cluster size. As a result, the FCC structural motif is most stable for clusters with around 440, 610, 800, 1050… atoms, while the decahedral motif is more stable for atomic numbers of around 525, 705, 925, 1175… These new 'magic numbers' represent regions around which a number of asymmetric, open shell clusters of a given motif are most stable, in contrast to the discrete set of highly symmetric magic size structures that are commonly cited. As temperature is raised, the decahedral motif gains stability over the FCC motif. These results help explain reported experimental observations and can guide future laboratory preparations of shape selected clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Garden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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37
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Cuko A, Calatayud M, Bromley ST. Stability of mixed-oxide titanosilicates: dependency on size and composition from nanocluster to bulk. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:832-842. [PMID: 29261197 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05758j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured titanosilicate materials based upon interfacing nano-TiO2 with nano-SiO2 have drawn much attention due to their huge potential for applications in a diverse range of important fields including gas sensing, (photo)catalysis, solar cells, photonics/optical components, tailored multi-(bio)functional supports and self-cleaning coatings. In each case it is the specific mixed combination of the two SiO2 and TiO2 nanophases that determines the unique properties of the final nanomaterial. In the bulk, stoichiometric mixing of TiO2 with SiO2 is limited by formation of segregated TiO2 nanoparticles or metastable glassy phases and more controlled disperse crystalline mixings only occur at small fractions of TiO2 (<15 wt%). In order to more fully understand the stability of nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 combinations with respect to composition and size, we employ accurate all-electron density functional calculations to evaluate the mixing energy in (TixSi1-xO2)n nanoclusters with a range of sizes (n = 2-24) having different titania molar fractions (x = 0-1). We derive all nanoclusters from a dedicated global optimisation procedure to help ensure that they are the most energetically stable structures for their size and composition. We also consider a selection of representative intimately mixed crystalline solid phase (TixSi1-xO2)bulk systems for comparison. In agreement with experiment, we find that homogeneous mixing of SiO2 and TiO2 in bulk crystalline phases is energetically unfavourable. Conversely, we find that SiO2-TiO2 mixing is energetically favoured in small (TixSi1-xO2)n nanoclusters. Following the evolution of mixing energy with nanocluster size and composition we find that mixing is most favoured in nanoclusters with a diameter of 1 nm with TiO2 molar fractions between 0.3-0.5. Thereafter, mixed nanoclusters with increasing size have progressively less negative mixing energies up to diameters of approximately 1.5 nm. We propose some chemical-structural principles to help rationale this energetically favourable nanoscale mixing. As a guide for experimentalists to observe and characterize these mixed nano-species we also provide two measurable signatures of mixing based on their unique vibrational and structural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Cuko
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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38
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Rahm JM, Erhart P. Beyond Magic Numbers: Atomic Scale Equilibrium Nanoparticle Shapes for Any Size. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5775-5781. [PMID: 28792765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of complete control over morphology in nanoparticle synthesis, knowledge of the thermodynamic equilibrium shapes is a key ingredient. While approaches exist to determine the equilibrium shape in the large size limit (≳10-20 nm) as well as for very small particles (≲2 nm), the experimentally increasingly important intermediate size regime has largely remained elusive. Here, we present an algorithm, based on atomistic simulations in a constrained thermodynamic ensemble, that efficiently predicts equilibrium shapes for any number of atoms in the range from a few tens to many thousands of atoms. We apply the algorithm to Cu, Ag, Au, and Pd particles with diameters between approximately 1 and 7 nm and reveal an energy landscape that is more intricate than previously suggested. The thus obtained particle type distributions demonstrate that the transition from icosahedral particles to decahedral and further into truncated octahedral particles occurs only very gradually, which has implications for the interpretation of experimental data. The approach presented here is extensible to alloys and can in principle also be adapted to represent different chemical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Magnus Rahm
- Chalmers University of Technology , Department of Physics, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul Erhart
- Chalmers University of Technology , Department of Physics, S-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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39
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40
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Basu S, Paul A, Chattopadhyay A. Zinc-Coordinated Hierarchical Organization of Ligand-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters for Chiral Recognition and Separation. Chemistry 2017; 23:9137-9143. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; Assam 781039 India
| | - Anumita Paul
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; Assam 781039 India
| | - Arun Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati; Assam 781039 India
- Centre for Nanotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Guwahati; Assam 781039 India
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41
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A comparative DFT study of interactions of Au and small gold clusters Aun (n = 2–4) with CH3S and CH2 radicals. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Antušek A, Blaško M, Urban M, Noga P, Kisić D, Nenadović M, Lončarević D, Rakočević Z. Density functional theory modeling of C–Au chemical bond formation in gold implanted polyethylene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:28897-28906. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05637k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have studied processes of gold ion implantation in polyethylene (PE) by theoretical chemistry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Antušek
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- ATRI
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava
- 917 24 Trnava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Blaško
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University
- Mlynská dolina
- Bratislava
| | - Miroslav Urban
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Comenius University
- Mlynská dolina
- Bratislava
| | - Pavol Noga
- Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
- ATRI
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava
- 917 24 Trnava
- Slovak Republic
| | - Danilo Kisić
- University of Belgrade
- INS Vinča
- Laboratory of Atomic Physics
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Miloš Nenadović
- University of Belgrade
- INS Vinča
- Laboratory of Atomic Physics
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Davor Lončarević
- University of Belgrade
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technology and Metallurgy
- Serbia
| | - Zlatko Rakočević
- University of Belgrade
- INS Vinča
- Laboratory of Atomic Physics
- Belgrade
- Serbia
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43
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Rossi K, Baletto F. The effect of chemical ordering and lattice mismatch on structural transitions in phase segregating nanoalloys. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:11057-11063. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We elucidate the effect of lattice mismatch and chemical ordering on structural transitions in bimetallic nanoalloys.
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44
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Johnson GE, Moser T, Engelhard M, Browning ND, Laskin J. Fabrication of electrocatalytic Ta nanoparticles by reactive sputtering and ion soft landing. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:174701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grant E. Johnson
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Trevor Moser
- Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - Mark Engelhard
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nigel D. Browning
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P. O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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45
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Matassa R, Familiari G, Battaglione E, Sibilia C, Leahu G, Belardini A, Venditti I, Fontana L, Fratoddi I. Electron microscopy reveals a soluble hybrid network of individual nanocrystals self-anchored by bifunctional thiol fluorescent bridges. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:18161-18169. [PMID: 27740664 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Today, nanochemistry research of hybrid materials growth in liquid media represents a new challenge for tailoring specific nano-sized materials directly related to the hybrid electron-optical properties. Distinctive assumptions about the origin, the growth, and the functionalization of hybrid nanoparticles have recently been proposed by scientific research to attend the different aspects of observable behaviors. Therefore, appropriate morpho-structural observation of the hybrid nanoparticles is the most important factor for controlling the chemical and physical properties. Here, we report how the gold nanocrystals (Au-NCs) structurally covered by an outer layer material of 9,9-didodecyl-2,7-bisthiofluorene (FL) bifunctional stabilizer evolve into a self-organized 2D-network as a function of different nano-structural features. Detailed morpho-structural investigation of this hybrid material through electron microscopy techniques has been performed from the atomic-scale to hundreds of nanometers. The experimental information gathered allowed us to figure out the evolution growth of the gold-FL nanoparticles (AuFL-NPs) from the early stage of the gold-organic nucleation to the final assembled bi-dimensional network. The reported results represent a valuable background toward the full comprehension of growth mechanisms of organic-inorganic materials responsible for the final chemical and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Matassa
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Familiari
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ezio Battaglione
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Concita Sibilia
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Grigore Leahu
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Belardini
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Iole Venditti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fontana
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fratoddi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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46
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Truong QD, Kempaiah Devaraju M, Nguyen DN, Gambe Y, Nayuki K, Sasaki Y, Tran PD, Honma I. Disulfide-Bridged (Mo3S11) Cluster Polymer: Molecular Dynamics and Application as Electrode Material for a Rechargeable Magnesium Battery. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5829-5835. [PMID: 27479582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exploring novel electrode materials is critical for the development of a next-generation rechargeable magnesium battery with high volumetric capacity. Here, we showed that a distinct amorphous molybdenum sulfide, being a coordination polymer of disulfide-bridged (Mo3S11) clusters, has great potential as a rechargeable magnesium battery cathode. This material provided good reversible capacity, attributed to its unique structure with high flexibility and capability of deformation upon Mg insertion. Free-terminal disulfide moiety may act as the active site for reversible insertion and extraction of magnesium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Duc Truong
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University , Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Duc N Nguyen
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Yoshiyuki Gambe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University , Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nayuki
- Field Solution Division, JEOL Ltd. , 1156 Nakagami, Akishima, Tokyo 196-0022, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sasaki
- Field Solution Division, JEOL Ltd. , 1156 Nakagami, Akishima, Tokyo 196-0022, Japan
| | - Phong D Tran
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Itaru Honma
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University , Aobaku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Yamazoe S, Yoskamtorn T, Takano S, Yadnum S, Limtrakul J, Tsukuda T. Controlled Synthesis of Carbon-Supported Gold Clusters for Rational Catalyst Design. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2338-2348. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Yamazoe
- Department of Chemistry School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB); Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
| | - Tatchamapan Yoskamtorn
- Department of Chemistry and NANOTEC Center for Nanoscale Materials Design for Green Nanotechnology Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering; Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology; Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Sudarat Yadnum
- Department of Chemistry and NANOTEC Center for Nanoscale Materials Design for Green Nanotechnology Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Jumras Limtrakul
- Department of Chemistry and NANOTEC Center for Nanoscale Materials Design for Green Nanotechnology Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering School of Molecular Science and Engineering; Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology; Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry School of Science; The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB); Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8520 Japan
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Abstract
We analyze the pattern of binding energies (BEs) of small Aun clusters (n = 1-7, 11) with lone-pair ligands (L = H2O, SH2, NH3, PH3, PF3, PCl3, and PMe3) employing the density functional theory. We use PBE0 functional with the dispersion correction and scalar relativistic effective core potential. This approach provides correct BEs when compared with benchmark CCSD(T) calculations for Au-L and Au2-L complexes. The pattern of BEs of Aun-L complexes is irregular with BE for Au3 ≈ Au4 > Au2 > Au7 > Au5 > Au11 > Au6 > Au1. Electron affinities (EAs) of Aun clusters exhibit oscillatory pattern with the cluster size. Binding energies of Aun-L complexes are oscillatory as well following EAs of Aun clusters. BEs of odd and even Aun-L complexes were analyzed separately. The bonding mechanism in odd Aun-L complexes is dominated by the lone pair → metal electron donation to the singly occupied valence Aun orbital accompanied by the back-donation. Even Aun clusters create covalent Aun-L bonds with BEs higher than those in odd Aun-L complexes. The BEs pattern and optimized geometries of Aun-L complexes correspond to the picture of creating the gold-ligand bond through the lone pair of a ligand interacting with the singly occupied molecular orbital in odd clusters or lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in even clusters of Aun. Ligands in both odd and even Aun-L complexes form three groups with binding energies that correlate with their ionization energies. The lowest BE is calculated for H2O as a ligand, followed by SH2 and NH3. PX3 ligands exhibit highest BEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Rajský
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University , Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Urban
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University , Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava , Bottova 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
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Pitto-Barry A, Sadler PJ, Barry NPE. Dynamics of formation of Ru, Os, Ir and Au metal nanocrystals on doped graphitic surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3895-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of precious metal (ruthenium, osmium, gold, and iridium) nanocrystals from single atoms has been studied in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
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Hu KJ, Plant SR, Ellis PR, Brown CM, Bishop PT, Palmer RE. Atomic Resolution Observation of a Size-Dependent Change in the Ripening Modes of Mass-Selected Au Nanoclusters Involved in CO Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15161-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Juei Hu
- Nanoscale
Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Simon R. Plant
- Nanoscale
Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Peter R. Ellis
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court Road, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, U.K
| | - Christopher M. Brown
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court Road, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, U.K
| | - Peter T. Bishop
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court Road, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, U.K
| | - Richard E. Palmer
- Nanoscale
Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, U.K
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