1
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Li K, Li Z, Yuan J, Chen M, Zhao H, Jiang Z, Wang J, Jiang Z, Li Y, Chan YT, Wang P, Liu D. High-order layered self-assembled multicavity metal--organic capsules and anti-cooperative host-multi-guest chemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8913-8921. [PMID: 38873050 PMCID: PMC11168090 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01204f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The construction and application of metal-organic cages with accessible internal cavities have witnessed rapid development, however, the precise synthesis of complex metal-organic capsules with multiple cavities and achievement of multi-guest encapsulation, and further in-depth comprehension of host-multi-guest recognition remain a great challenge. Just like building LEGO blocks, herein, we have constructed a series of high-order layered metal-organic architectures of generation n (n = 1/2/3/4 is also the number of cavities) by multi-component coordination-driven self-assembly using porphyrin-containing tetrapodal ligands (like plates), multiple parallel-podal ligands (like clamps) and metal ions (like nodes). Importantly, these high-order assembled structures possessed different numbers of rigid and separate cavities formed by overlapped porphyrin planes with specific gaps. The host-guest experiments and convincing characterization proved that these capsules G2-G4 could serve as host structures to achieve multi-guest recognition and unprecedentedly encapsulate up to four C60 molecules. More interestingly, these capsules revealed negative cooperation behavior in the process of multi-guest recognition, which provides a new platform to further study complicated host-multi-guest interaction in the field of supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiu Li
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
| | - Zhengguang Li
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Mingzhao Chen
- Department Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University Guangzhou-510006 China
| | - He Zhao
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University Guangzhou-510006 China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University Guangzhou-510006 China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
- Department Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University Guangzhou-510006 China
| | - Die Liu
- Department of Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha Hunan-410083 China
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2
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Liu H, Guo C, Li L, Zhang Z, Hou Y, Mu C, Hou GL, Zhang Z, Wang H, Li X, Zhang M. Multicomponent, Multicavity Metallacages That Contain Different Binding Sites for Allosteric Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15787-15795. [PMID: 38738985 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The encapsulation of different guest molecules by their different recognition domains of proteins leads to selective binding, catalysis, and transportation. Synthetic hosts capable of selectively binding different guests in their different cavities to mimic the function of proteins are highly desirable but challenging. Here, we report three ladder-shaped, triple-cavity metallacages prepared by multicomponent coordination-driven self-assembly. Interestingly, the porphyrin-based metallacage is capable of heteroleptic encapsulation of fullerenes (C60 or C70) and coronene using its different cavities, allowing distinct allosteric recognition of coronene upon the addition of C60 or C70. Owing to the different binding affinities of the cavities, the metallacage hosts one C60 molecule in the central cavity and two coronene units in the side cavities, while encapsulating two C70 molecules in the side cavities and one coronene molecule in the central cavity. The rational design of multicavity assemblies that enable heteroleptic encapsulation and allosteric recognition will guide the further design of advanced supramolecular constructs with tunable recognition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Luqi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yali Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyi Zhang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd., 9F, Building NO.1, Lane 2570, Hechuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 201600, P. R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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3
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Yao Y, Shao C, Wang S, Gong Q, Liu J, Jiang H, Wang Y. Dual-controlled guest release from coordination cages. Commun Chem 2024; 7:43. [PMID: 38413721 PMCID: PMC10899651 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite having significant applications in the construction of controlled delivery systems with high anti-interference capability, to our knowledge dual-controlled molecular release has not yet been achieved based on small molecular/supramolecular entities. Herein, we report a dual-controlled release system based on coordination cages, for which releasing the guest from the cage demands synchronously altering the coordinative metal cations and the solvent. The cages, Hg5L2 and Ag5L2, are constructed via coordination-driven self-assembly of a corannulene-based ligand. While Hg5L2 shows a solvent-independent guest encapsulation in all the studied solvents, Ag5L2 is able to encapsulate the guests in only some of the solvents, such as acetone-d6, but will liberate the encapsulated guests in 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane-d2. Hg5L2 and Ag5L2 are interconvertible. Thus, the release of guests from Hg5L2 in acetone-d6 can be achieved, but requires two separate operations, including metal substitutions and a change of the solvent. Dual-controlled systems as such could be useful in complicated molecular release process to avoid those undesired stimulus-responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Chengyuan Shao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qiufang Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
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4
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Dutton KG, Jones TJ, Emge TJ, Lipke MC. Cage Match: Comparing the Anion Binding Ability of Isostructural Versus Isofunctional Pairs of Metal-Organic Nanocages. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303013. [PMID: 37907394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Affinities of six anions (mesylate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, p-toluenecarboxylate, p-toluenesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoate) for three related Pt2+ -linked porphyrin nanocages were measured to probe the influence of different noncovalent recognition motifs (e. g., hydrogen bonding, electrostatics, π bonding) on anion binding. Two new hosts of M6 L3 12+ (1b) and M4 L2 8+ (2) composition (M=(en)Pt2+ , L=(3-py)4 porphyrin) were prepared in a one-pot synthesis and allowed comparison of hosts that differ in structure while maintaining similar N-H hydrogen-bond donor ability. Comparisons of isostructural hosts that differ in hydrogen-bonding ability were made between 1b and a related M6 L3 12+ nanoprism (1a, M=(tmeda)Pt2+ ) that lacks N-H groups. Considerable variation in association constants (K1 =1.6×103 M-1 to 1.3×108 M-1 ) and binding mode (exo vs. endo) were found for different host-guest combinations. Strongest binding was seen between p-toluenecarboxylate and 1b, but surprisingly, association of this guest with 1a was only slightly weaker despite the absence of NH⋅⋅⋅O interactions. The high affinity between p-toluenecarboxylate and 1a could be turned off by protonation, and this behavior was used to toggle between the binding of this guest and the environmental pollutant perfluorooctanoate, which otherwise has a lower affinity for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn G Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Road Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Taro J Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Road Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Road Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mark C Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, 123 Bevier Road Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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5
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Yu HM, Du MH, Shu J, Deng YH, Xu ZM, Huang ZW, Zhang Z, Chen B, Braunstein P, Lang JP. Self-Assembly of Cluster-Mediated 3D Catenanes with Size-Specific Recognition Behavior. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25103-25108. [PMID: 37938934 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Although interlocked three-dimensional molecules display unique properties associated with their spatial structures, their synthesis and study of their host-guest properties remain challenging. We report the formation of a novel [2]catenane, [Et4N]@[(Tp*WS3Cu3Cl)2(cis-bpype)3]2(OTf)5 ([Et4N][1](OTf)5), by self-assembly of the cluster node [Tp*WS3Cu3Cl]+ and the organic linker (Z)-1,2-diphenyl-1,2-bis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)ethene (cis-bpype). Single-crystal X-ray and NMR analyses established that [1]4+ is formed by the interpenetration of two cluster-organic cages. Unique cation-in-cation host-guest complexes were observed with this catenane. The crystalline, empty catenane was formed by taking advantage of the electrostatic repulsion-induced weak binding of the host. Encapsulation experiments also reveal that the empty catenane can adaptively encapsulate cations such as [Et4N]+ and [Pr4N]+ in the cross cavity but is unable to encapsulate [Bu4N]+ and [Me4N]+, although the size of the latter is compatible with that of the cavity. Theoretical calculations and volume analysis allow to unravel the ingenious role of catenane structures and the interplay between electrostatic repulsion and attractive noncovalent interactions for size-specific recognition behavior in host-guest systems involving species with similar electric charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming-Hao Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Shu
- Analysis and Testing Center, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Hu Deng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze-Ming Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingbing Chen
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Institut de Chimie (UMR 7177 CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jian-Ping Lang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Su P, Zhang W, Guo C, Liu H, Xiong C, Tang R, He C, Chen Z, Yu X, Wang H, Li X. Constructing Ultrastable Metallo-Cages via In Situ Deprotonation/Oxidation of Dynamic Supramolecular Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18607-18622. [PMID: 37566725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly enables the spontaneous construction of metallo-supramolecules with high precision, facilitated by dynamic and reversible metal-ligand interactions. The dynamic nature of coordination, however, results in structural lability in many metallo-supramolecular assembly systems. Consequently, it remains a formidable challenge to achieve self-assembly reversibility and structural stability simultaneously in metallo-supramolecular systems. To tackle this issue, herein, we incorporate an acid-/base-responsive tridentate ligand into multitopic building blocks to precisely construct a series of metallo-supramolecular cages through coordination-driven self-assembly. These dynamic cagelike assemblies can be transformed to their static states through mild in situ deprotonation/oxidation, leading to ultrastable skeletons that can withstand high temperatures, metal ion chelators, and strong acid/base conditions. This in situ transformation provides a reliable and powerful approach to manipulate the kinetic features and stability of metallo-supramolecules and allows for modulation of encapsulation and release behaviors of metallo-cages when utilizing nanoscale quantum dots (QDs) as guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingru Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhong Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Runxu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxin He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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7
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Ghanbari B, Asadi Mofarrah L, Clegg JK. Selective Supramolecular Recognition of Nitroaromatics by a Fluorescent Metal-Organic Cage Based on a Pyridine-Decorated Dibenzodiaza-Crown Macrocyclic Co(II) Complex. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7434-7445. [PMID: 37134276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two isomorphous fluorescent (FL) lantern-shaped metal-organic cages 1 and 2 were prepared by coordination-directed self-assembly of Co(II) centers with a new aza-crown macrocyclic ligand bearing pyridine pendant arms (Lpy). The cage structures were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetric, elemental microanalysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 show that anions (Cl- in 1 and Br- in 2) are encapsulated within the cage cavity. 1 and 2 bear two coordinated water molecules that are directed inside the cages, surrounded by the eight pyridine rings at the "bottom" and the "roof" of the cage. These hydrogen bond donors, π systems, and the cationic nature of the cages enable 1 and 2 to encapsulate the anions. FL experiments revealed that 1 could detect nitroaromatic compounds by exhibiting selective and sensitive fluorescence quenching toward p-nitroaniline (PNA), recommending a limit of detection of 4.24 ppm. Moreover, the addition of 50 μL of PNA and o-nitrophenol to the ethanolic suspension of 1 led to a significant large FL red shift, namely, 87 and 24 nm, respectively, which were significantly higher than the corresponding values observed in the presence of other nitroaromatic compounds. The titration of the ethanolic suspension of 1, with various concentrations of PNA (>12 μM) demonstrated a concentration-dependent emission red shift. Hence, the efficient FL quenching of 1 was capable of distinguishing the dinitrobenzene isomers. Meanwhile, the observed red shift (10 nm) and quenching of this emission band under the influence of a trace amount of o- and p-nitrophenol isomers also showed that 1 could discriminate between o- and p-nitrophenol. Replacement of the chlorido with a bromido ligand in 1 generated cage 2 which was a more electron-donating cage than 1. The FL experiments showed that 2 was partially more sensitive and less selective toward NACs than 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Ghanbari
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Asadi Mofarrah
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-3516, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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8
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Lu S, Morrow DJ, Li Z, Guo C, Yu X, Wang H, Schultz JD, O'Connor JP, Jin N, Fang F, Wang W, Cui R, Chen O, Su C, Wasielewski MR, Ma X, Li X. Encapsulating Semiconductor Quantum Dots in Supramolecular Cages Enables Ultrafast Guest-Host Electron and Vibrational Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5191-5202. [PMID: 36745391 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the field of supramolecular chemistry, host-guest systems have been extensively explored to encapsulate a wide range of substrates, owing to emerging functionalities in nanoconfined space that cannot be achieved in dilute solutions. However, host-guest chemistry is still limited to encapsulation of small guests. Herein, we construct a water-soluble metallo-supramolecular hexagonal prism with a large hydrophobic cavity by anchoring multiple polyethylene glycol chains onto the building blocks. Then, assembled prisms are able to encapsulate quantum dots (QDs) with diameters of less than 5.0 nm. Furthermore, we find that the supramolecular cage around each QD strongly modifies the photophysics of the QD by universally increasing the rates of QD relaxation processes via ultrafast electron and vibrational energy transfer. Taken together, these efforts expand the scope of substrates in host-guest systems and provide a new approach to tune the optical properties of QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Darien J Morrow
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Jonathan D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - James P O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Na Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Fang Fang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ran Cui
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Chenliang Su
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuedan Ma
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Consortium for Advanced Science and Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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9
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Tremlett WDJ, Söhnel T, Crowley JD, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG. Ferrocene-Derived Palladium(II)-Based Metallosupramolecular Structures: Synthesis, Guest Interaction, and Stimulus-Responsiveness Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:3616-3628. [PMID: 36791401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Using ferrocene-based ligand systems, a series of heterobimetallic architectures of the general formula [PdmLn]x+ were designed with the aim of installing an opening and closing mechanism that would allow the release and binding of guest molecules. Palladium complex formation was achieved through coordination to pyridyl groups, and using 2-, 3-, and 4-pyridyl derivatives provided access to defined PdL, PdL2, and Pd2L4 structures, respectively. The supramolecular complexes were characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis, and for some examples density functional theory calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate disassembly and reassembly of the metallosupramolecular structures. The former was induced by cleavage of the relatively labile Pd-Npyridyl bonds with the introduction of the competing ligands N,N'-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and Cl- (using tetrabutylammonium chloride) to yield [Pd(DMAP)4]2+ and [PdCl4]2-, respectively. The process was found to be reversible for several of the heterodimetallic compounds, with the addition of H+ or Ag+ triggering complex reassembly. Guest binding studies with several architectures revealed interactions with the anionic guests p-toluenesulfonate and octyl sulfate, but not with neutral molecules. Furthermore, the release of guests was reversibly induced with Cl- ions as a stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D J Tremlett
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - L James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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10
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Sudan S, Chen DW, Berton C, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Synthetic Receptors with Micromolar Affinity for Chloride in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218072. [PMID: 36628647 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble coordination cage was obtained by reaction of Pd(NO3 )2 with a 1,3-di(pyridin-3-yl)benzene ligand featuring a short PEG chain. The cavity of the metal-organic cage contains one nitrate anion, which is readily replaced by chloride. The apparent association constant for chloride binding in buffered aqueous solution is Ka =1.8(±0.1)×105 M-1 . This value is significantly higher than what has been reported for other macrocyclic chloride receptors. The heavier halides Br- and I- compete with binding or self-assembly, but the receptor displays very good selectivity over common anions such as phosphate, acetate, carbonate, and sulfate. A further increase of the chloride binding affinity by a factor of 3 was achieved using a fluorinated dipyridyl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Sudan
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien W Chen
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cesare Berton
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Su P, Wei B, Guo C, Hu Y, Tang R, Zhang S, He C, Lin J, Yu X, Chen Z, Li H, Wang H, Li X. Metallo-Supramolecular Hexagonal Wreath with Four Switchable States Based on a pH-Responsive Tridentate Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3131-3145. [PMID: 36696285 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In biological systems, many biomacromolecules (e.g., heme proteins) are capable of switching their states reversibly in response to external stimuli, endowing these natural architectures with a high level of diversity and functionality. Although tremendous efforts have been made to advance the complexity of artificial supramolecules, it remains a challenge to construct metallo-supramolecular systems that can carry out reversible interconversion among multiple states. Here, a pH-responsive tridentate ligand, 2,6-di(1H-imidazole-2-yl)pyridine (H2DAP), is incorporated into the multitopic building block for precise construction of giant metallo-supramolecular hexagonal wreaths with three metal ions, i.e., Fe(II), Co(II), and Ni(II), through coordination-driven self-assembly. In particular, a Co-linked wreath enables in situ reversible interconversion among four states in response to pH and oxidant/reductant with highly efficient conversion without losing structural integrity. During the state interconversion cycles, the physical properties of the assembled constructs are finely tuned, including the charge states of the backbone, valency of metal ions, and paramagnetic/diamagnetic features of complexes. Such discrete wreath structures with a charge-switchable backbone further facilitate layer-by-layer assembly of metallo-supramolecules on the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingru Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Biaowen Wei
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yaqi Hu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Runxu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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12
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Bloch WM, Horiuchi S, Holstein JJ, Drechsler C, Wuttke A, Hiller W, Mata RA, Clever GH. Maximized axial helicity in a Pd 2L 4 cage: inverse guest size-dependent compression and mesocate isomerism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1524-1531. [PMID: 36794203 PMCID: PMC9906678 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicity is an archetypal structural motif of many biological systems and provides a basis for molecular recognition in DNA. Whilst artificial supramolecular hosts are often helical, the relationship between helicity and guest encapsulation is not well understood. We report a detailed study on a significantly coiled-up Pd2L4 metallohelicate with an unusually wide azimuthal angle (∼176°). Through a combination of NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry and isothermal titration calorimetry we show that the coiled-up cage exhibits extremely tight anion binding (K of up to 106 M-1) by virtue of a pronounced oblate/prolate cavity expansion, whereby the Pd-Pd separation decreases for mono-anionic guests of increasing size. Electronic structure calculations point toward strong dispersion forces contributing to these host-guest interactions. In the absence of a suitable guest, the helical cage exists in equilibrium with a well-defined mesocate isomer that possesses a distinct cavity environment afforded by a doubled Pd-Pd separation distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold M. Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227 DortmundGermany,Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders UniversityAdelaideSouth Australia 5042Australia
| | - Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany .,Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227 DortmundGermany
| | - Christoph Drechsler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Axel Wuttke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University GöttingenTammannstraße 637077 GöttingenGermany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Ricardo A. Mata
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University GöttingenTammannstraße 637077 GöttingenGermany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Straße 644227 DortmundGermany
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13
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Liu Y, Liao SH, Dai WT, Bai Q, Lu S, Wang H, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang P, Lu W, Zhang Q. Controlled Construction of Heteroleptic [Pd 2 (L A ) 2 (L B )(L C )] 4+ Cages: A Facile Approach for Site-Selective endo-Functionalization of Supramolecular Cavities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217215. [PMID: 36495225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Construction of supramolecular structures with internal functionalities is a promising approach to build enzyme-like cavities. The endo-functionalized [Pd12 L24 ] and [Pd2 L4 ] coordination cages represent the most successful systems in this regard. However, these systems mainly contain one type of endo-moiety. We herein provide a solution for the controlled endo-functionalization of [Pd2 L4 ] cages. Site-selective introduction of the endo-functional group was achieved through the formation of heteroleptic [Pd2 (LA )2 (LB )(LC )] cages. Using two orthogonal steric control elements is the key for the selective formation of the hetero-assemblies. We demonstrated the construction of two hetero-cages with a single internal functional group as well as a hetero-cage with two distinct endohedral functionalities. The endo-functionalized hetero-cages bound sulfonate guests with fast-exchange dynamics. This strategy provides a new solution for the controlled endo-functionalization of supramolecular cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shou-Heng Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Tao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qixia Bai
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Experimental Building, P112, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Experimental Building, P112, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Ave., Experimental Building, P112, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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14
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Komori T, Tsurumaki E, Toyota S. Synthesis, Structures, and Complexation with Phenolic Guests of Acridone-Incorporated Arylene-Ethynylene Macrocyclic Compounds. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201003. [PMID: 36380477 PMCID: PMC10107286 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acridone units were incorporated into the arylene-ethynylene structure as polar arene units. Cyclic trimers consisting of three acridone-2,7-diyl units and three 1,3-phenylene units were synthesized by Sonogashira couplings via stepwise or direct route. X-ray analysis revealed that the trimer had a nearly planar macrocyclic framework with a cavity surrounded by three carbonyl groups. In contrast, the corresponding tetramer had a nonplanar macrocyclic framework. 1 H NMR measurements showed that the trimer formed a 1 : 1 complex as a macrocyclic host with dihydric phenol guests, and the association constants were determined to be ca. 1.0×103 L mol-1 for hydroquinone or resorcinol guests in CDCl3 at 298 K. The calculated structures of these complexes by the DFT method supported the presence of two sets of OH⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen bonds between the host and guest molecules. The spectroscopic data of the cyclic trimers and tetramers are compared with those of reference acridone compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Komori
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Tsurumaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8551, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Toyota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8551, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Mozaceanu C, Solea AB, Taylor CGP, Sudittapong B, Ward MD. Disentangling contributions to guest binding inside a coordination cage host: analysis of a set of isomeric guests with differing polarities. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15263-15272. [PMID: 36129351 PMCID: PMC9578013 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02623f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binding of a set of three isomeric guests (1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-dicyanobenzene, abbreviated DCB) inside an octanuclear cubic coordination cage host H (bearing different external substitutents according to solvent used) has been studied in water/dmso (98 : 2) and CD2Cl2. These guests have essentially identical molecular surfaces, volumes and external functional groups to interact with the cage interior surface; but they differ in polarity with dipole moments of ca. 7, 4 and 0 Debye respectively. In CD2Cl2 guest binding is weak but we observe a clear correlation of binding free energy with guest polarity, with 1,4-DCB showing no detectable binding by NMR spectroscopy but 1,2-DCB having −ΔG = 9 kJ mol−1. In water (containing 2% dmso to solubilise the guests) we see the same trend but all binding free energies are much higher due to an additional hydrophobic contribution to binding, with −ΔG varying from 16 kJ mol−1 for 1,4-DCB to 22 kJ mol−1 for 1,4-DCB: again we see an increase associated with guest polarity but the increase in −ΔG per Debye of dipole moment is around half what we observe in CD2Cl2 which we ascribe to the fact the more polar guests will be better solvated in the aqueous solvent. A van't Hoff analysis by variable-temperature NMR showed that the improvement in guest binding in water/dmso is entropy-driven, which suggests that the key factor is not direct electrostatic interactions between a polar guest and the cage surface, but the variation in guest desolvation across the series, with the more polar (and hence more highly solvated) guests having a greater favourable entropy change on desolvation. The three dicyanobenzene isomers have obvious similarities but differ in their dipole moment: effects on binding in a coordination cage host in different solvents are discussed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atena B Solea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | - Burin Sudittapong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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16
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Komori T, Tsurumaki E, Toyota S. Iterative synthesis, structures, and properties of acyclic and cyclic acridone oligomers. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shinji Toyota
- Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry 2-12-1-E1-4 OokayamaMeguro-ku 152-8551 Tokyo JAPAN
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17
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Cruz-Nava S, Valencia-Loza SDJ, Percástegui EG. Protection and Transformation of Natural Products within Aqueous Metal–Organic Cages. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Cruz-Nava
- National Autonomous University of Mexico Faculty of Science: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Facultad de Ciencias Institute of Chemistry MEXICO
| | | | - Edmundo Guzmán Percástegui
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Instituto de Química Instituto de Química at CCIQS UAEM-UNAM MEXICO
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18
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Sudan S, Fadaei‐Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Ebbert KE, Clever GH, Severin K. LiBF
4
‐Induced Rearrangement and Desymmetrization of a Palladium‐Ligand Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201823. [PMID: 35348279 PMCID: PMC9320841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Sudan
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei‐Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kristina E. Ebbert
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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19
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McTernan C, Davies JA, Nitschke JR. Beyond Platonic: How to Build Metal-Organic Polyhedra Capable of Binding Low-Symmetry, Information-Rich Molecular Cargoes. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10393-10437. [PMID: 35436092 PMCID: PMC9185692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of metallosupramolecular chemistry has advanced rapidly in recent years. Much work in this area has focused on the formation of hollow self-assembled metal-organic architectures and exploration of the applications of their confined nanospaces. These discrete, soluble structures incorporate metal ions as 'glue' to link organic ligands together into polyhedra.Most of the architectures employed thus far have been highly symmetrical, as these have been the easiest to prepare. Such high-symmetry structures contain pseudospherical cavities, and so typically bind roughly spherical guests. Biomolecules and high-value synthetic compounds are rarely isotropic, highly-symmetrical species. To bind, sense, separate, and transform such substrates, new, lower-symmetry, metal-organic cages are needed. Herein we summarize recent approaches, which taken together form the first draft of a handbook for the design of higher-complexity, lower-symmetry, self-assembled metal-organic architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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20
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Lisboa LS, Preston D, McAdam CJ, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. Heterotrimetallic Double Cavity Cages: Syntheses and Selective Guest Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201700. [PMID: 35194905 PMCID: PMC9310627 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the generation of heterotrimetallic double cavity (DC) cages [PdnPtmL4]6+ (DC1: n=1, m=2; and DC2: n=2, m=1) is reported. The DC cages were generated by combining an inert platinum(II) tetrapyridylaldehyde complex with a suitably substituted pyridylamine and PdII ions. 1H and DOSY nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS) data were consistent with the formation of the DC architectures. DC1 and DC2 were shown to interact with several different guest molecules. The structure of DC1, which features two identical cavities, binding two 2,6‐diaminoanthraquinone (DAQ) guest molecules was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. In addition, DC1 was shown to bind two molecules of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in a statistical (non‐cooperative) manner. In contrast, DC2, which features two different cage cavities, was found to interact with two different guests, 5‐FU and cisplatin, selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S. Lisboa
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OtagoPO Box 56Dunedin9054New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 0200Australia
| | - C. John McAdam
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OtagoPO Box 56Dunedin9054New Zealand
| | - L. James Wright
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019Auckland1142New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019Auckland1142New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OtagoPO Box 56Dunedin9054New Zealand
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21
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Sudan S, Fadaei‐Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Ebbert KE, Clever GH, Severin K. LiBF
4
‐Induced Rearrangement and Desymmetrization of a Palladium‐Ligand Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Sudan
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei‐Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kristina E. Ebbert
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie Technische Universität Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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22
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Lisboa LS, Preston D, McAdam CJ, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. Heterotrimetallic Double Cavity Cages: Syntheses and Selective Guest Binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S. Lisboa
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - L. James Wright
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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23
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Hamashima K, Yuasa J. Entropy Versus Enthalpy Controlled Temperature/Redox Dual‐Triggered Cages for Selective Anion Encapsulation and Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Hamashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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24
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Chakraborty D, Saha R, Clegg JK, Mukherjee PS. Selective separation of planar and non-planar hydrocarbons using an aqueous Pd 6 interlocked cage. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11764-11771. [PMID: 36320911 PMCID: PMC9580621 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) find multiple applications ranging from fabric dyes to optoelectronic materials. Hydrogenation of PAHs is often employed for their purification or derivatization. However, separation of PAHs from their hydrogenated analogues is challenging because of their similar physical properties. An example of such is the separation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene from phenanthrene/anthracene which requires fractional distillation at high temperature (∼340 °C) to obtain pure anthracene/phenanthrene in coal industry. Herein we demonstrate a new approach for this separation at room temperature using a water-soluble interlocked cage (1) as extracting agent by host–guest chemistry. The cage was obtained by self-assembly of a triimidazole donor L·HNO3 with cis-[(tmeda)Pd(NO3)2] (M) [tmeda = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine]. 1 has a triply interlocked structure with an inner cavity capable of selectively binding planar aromatic guests. We report here a triply interlocked cage with the ability to encapsulate planar guests in aqueous medium. This property was then employed to efficiently separate planar and non-planar aromatic hydrocarbons by aqueous extraction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Debsena Chakraborty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Rupak Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jack K. Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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25
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Teng Q, Xiang G, Chen GH, Chen SM, He YP, Zhang J. Coordination Assembly of Tetrahedral Zr 4(embonate) 6 Cages with Eu 3+ Ions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18178-18184. [PMID: 34806867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein we systematically investigated the coordination assembly behavior of Zr4L6 cages with Eu3+ ions at room temperature. Through adjustment of the concentration of Eu salt and changes of the type and molar ratio of the solvent, a series of Zr4L6-Eu structures with different structure dimensionalities have been synthesized and structurally characterized. In addition, we also studied the optical properties of these materials in detail, including the fluorescent and third-order nonlinear-optical properties. Most notably, a 2D layer structure with a strong aromatic π···π-stacking force exhibits a good optical-limiting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Teng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Gang Xiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shu-Mei Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yan-Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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26
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Hamashima K, Yuasa J. Entropy Versus Enthalpy Controlled Temperature/Redox Dual-Triggered Cages for Selective Anion Encapsulation and Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113914. [PMID: 34796586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
New C3 -symmetric imidazole ligands were designed with phosphine and phosphine oxide linkers (LP and LPO , respectively) to demonstrate a dual-triggered dynamic closed coordination cage. Both LP and LPO form discrete Zn4 L4 -closed cages (1P and 1PO , respectively) with excellent selectively for BPh4 - , whereas 1P and 1PO encapsulate neither a slightly larger size anion [B(C6 H4 CH3 )4 - ] nor smaller size anions (BF4 - , PF6 - , SbF6 - , and OSO2 CF3 - ). 1PO exhibits more negative enthalpy and entropy changes upon anion encapsulation, thus releasing almost all of the encapsulated anions at high temperature (343 K) (trigger 1: BPh4 - ⊂1PO ← → 1PO +BPh4 - ). In contrast 1P has less negative enthalpy and entropy changes, thus preserving the captured anion over a wide range of temperatures (298 K to 343 K). The 1P cage can be quantitatively oxidized to the 1PO cage by a mild oxidant (Ox.=H2 O2 ), and therefore the captured anion can be released by a redox triggering event (trigger 2: BPh4 - ⊂1P +Ox.→1PO +BPh4 - ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Hamashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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27
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Ludden MD, Taylor CGP, Tipping MB, Train JS, Williams NH, Dorrat JC, Tuck KL, Ward MD. Interaction of anions with the surface of a coordination cage in aqueous solution probed by their effect on a cage-catalysed Kemp elimination. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14781-14791. [PMID: 34820094 PMCID: PMC8597839 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04887b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An octanuclear M8L12 coordination cage catalyses the Kemp elimination reaction of 5-nitro-1,2-benzisoxazole (NBI) with hydroxide to give 2-cyano-4-nitrophenolate (CNP) as the product. In contrast to the previously-reported very efficient catalysis of the Kemp elimination reaction of unsubstituted benzisoxazole, which involves the substrate binding inside the cage cavity, the catalysed reaction of NBI with hydroxide is slower and occurs at the external surface of the cage, even though NBI can bind inside the cage cavity. The rate of the catalysed reaction is sensitive to the presence of added anions, which bind to the 16+ cage surface, displacing the hydroxide ions from around the cage which are essential reaction partners in the Kemp elimination. Thus we can observe different binding affinities of anions to the surface of the cationic cage in aqueous solution by the extent to which they displace hydroxide and thereby inhibit the catalysed Kemp elimination and slow down the appearance of CNP. For anions with a -1 charge the observed affinity order for binding to the cage surface is consistent with their ease of desolvation and their ordering in the Hofmeister series. With anions that are significantly basic (fluoride, hydrogen carbonate, carboxylates) the accumulation of the anion around the cage surface accelerates the Kemp elimination compared to the background reaction with hydroxide, which we ascribe to the ability of these anions to participate directly in the Kemp elimination. This work provides valuable mechanistic insights into the role of the cage in co-locating the substrate and the anionic reaction partners in a cage-catalysed reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Ludden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Max B Tipping
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Jennifer S Train
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF UK
| | | | - Jack C Dorrat
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Melbourne VIC3800 Australia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University Melbourne VIC3800 Australia
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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28
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Lee H, Han J, Kim D, Jung OS. Interconversion between a Pd 3L 2 trigonal prism and a Pd 6L 8 cube via anion exchange: binding affinity of monoatomic vs. polyatomic anions. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14849-14854. [PMID: 34604882 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Systematic interconversion between trigonal prisms [Pd3X6L2] (X- = Cl-, Br-, and I-) and cubic cages [Pd6L8]12+(X-)12 (X- = BF4- and CF3SO3-) via anion exchange was established. Self-assembly of K2PdX4 (X- = Cl- and Br-) with a C3-symmetric tridentate 1,3,5-tris(2-isonicotinamidephenoxy)benzene (L) produces a trigonal prism, [Pd3X6L2]. Further photoreaction of the [Pd3X6L2] (X- = Cl- and Br-) with CH2I2 gives rise to a halide-exchanged species, [Pd3I6L2]. In contrast, anion exchange of [Pd3X6L2] (X- = Cl-, Br-, and I-) with BF4- yields cubic-shaped cages, [Pd6L8]12+(BF4-)12, with an inner cavity of 15.9 × 15.9 × 15.9 Å3. Successive anion exchange of [Pd6L8]12+(BF4-)12 with CF3SO3- gives rises to anion-exchanged [Pd6L8]12+(CF3SO3-)12 and vice versa without cage destruction. Thus, the cage system is specifically sensitive to anions, enabling cage formation to recognize the binding affinity and size of various anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeri Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihun Han
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ok-Sang Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Mansoor IF, Dutton KG, Rothschild DA, Remsing RC, Lipke MC. Uptake, Trapping, and Release of Organometallic Cations by Redox-Active Cationic Hosts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16993-17003. [PMID: 34596386 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The host-guest chemistry of metal-organic nanocages is typically driven by thermodynamically favorable interactions with their guests such that uptake and release of guests can be controlled by switching this affinity on or off. Herein, we achieve this effect by reducing porphyrin-walled cationic nanoprisms 1a12+ and 1b12+ to zwitterionic states that rapidly uptake organometallic cations Cp*2Co+ and Cp2Co+, respectively. Cp*2Co+ binds strongly (Ka = 1.3 × 103 M-1) in the neutral state 1a0 of host 1a12+, which has its three porphyrin walls doubly reduced and its six (bipy)Pt2+ linkers singly reduced (bipy = 2,2'-bipyridine). The less-reduced states of the host 1a3+ and 1a9+ also bind Cp*2Co+, though with lower affinities. The smaller Cp2Co+ cation binds strongly (Ka = 1.7 × 103 M-1) in the 3e- reduced state 1b9+ of the (tmeda)Pt2+-linked host 1b12+ (tmeda = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine). Upon reoxidation of the hosts with Ag+, the guests become trapped to provide unprecedented metastable cation-in-cation complexes Cp*2Co+@1a12+ and Cp2Co+@1b12+ that persist for >1 month. Thus, dramatic kinetic effects reveal a way to confine the guests in thermodynamically unfavorable environments. Experimental and DFT studies indicate that PF6- anions kinetically stabilize Cp*2Co+@1a12+ through electrostatic interactions and by influencing conformational changes of the host that open and close its apertures. However, when Cp*2Co+@1a12+ was prepared using ferrocenium (Fc+) instead of Ag+ to reoxidize the host, dissociation was accelerated >200× even though neither Fc+ nor Fc have any observable affinity for 1a12+. This finding shows that metastable host-guest complexes can respond to subtler stimuli than those required to induce guest release from thermodynamically favorable complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram F Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kaitlyn G Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel A Rothschild
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Richard C Remsing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Mark C Lipke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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30
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Ludden MD, Taylor CGP, Ward MD. Orthogonal binding and displacement of different guest types using a coordination cage host with cavity-based and surface-based binding sites. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12640-12650. [PMID: 34703549 PMCID: PMC8494021 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04272f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The octanuclear Co(ii) cubic coordination cage system H (or HW if it bears external water-solubilising substituents) has two types of binding site for guests. These are (i) the partially-enclosed central cavity where neutral hydrophobic organic species can bind, and (ii) the six 'portals' in the centres of each of the faces of the cubic cage where anions bind via formation of a network of CH⋯X hydrogen bonds between the anion and CH units on the positively-charged cage surface, as demonstrated by a set of crystal structures. The near-orthogonality of these guest binding modes provides the basis for an unusual dual-probe fluorescence displacement assay in which either a cavity-bound fluorophore (4-methyl-7-amino-coumarin, MAC; λem = 440 nm), or a surface-bound anionic fluorophore (fluorescein, FLU; λem = 515 nm), is displaced and has its emission ‘switched on’ according to whether the analyte under investigation is cavity-binding, surface binding, or a combination of both. A completely orthogonal system is demonstrated based using a Hw/MAC/FLU combination: addition of the anionic analyte ascorbate displaced solely FLU from the cage surface, increasing the 515 nm (green) emission component, whereas addition of a neutral hydrophobic guest such as cyclooctanone displaced solely MAC from the cage central cavity, increasing the 440 nm (blue) emission component. Addition of chloride results in some release of both components, and an intermediate colour change, as chloride is a rare example of a guest that shows both surface-binding and cavity-binding behaviour. Thus we have a colourimetric response based on differing contributions from blue and green emission components in which the specific colour change signals the binding mode of the analyte. Addition of a fixed red emission component from the complex [Ru(bipy)3]2+ (Ru) provides a baseline colour shift of the overall colour of the luminescence closer to neutral, meaning that different types of guest binding result in different colour changes which are easily distinguishable by eye. Orthogonal binding of neutral or anionic fluorophores to the cavity or surface, respectively, of a coordination cage host allows a dual-probe displacement assay which gives a different fluorescence colorimetric response according to where analyte species bind.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Ludden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmundo G. Percástegui
- Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca Estado de México 50200 México
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32
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Pullen S, Tessarolo J, Clever GH. Increasing structural and functional complexity in self-assembled coordination cages. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7269-7293. [PMID: 34163819 PMCID: PMC8171321 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01226f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in metallo-supramolecular chemistry creates potential to synthesize functional nano systems and intelligent materials of increasing complexity. In the past four decades, metal-mediated self-assembly has produced a wide range of structural motifs such as helicates, grids, links, knots, spheres and cages, with particularly the latter ones catching growing attention, owing to their nano-scale cavities. Assemblies serving as hosts allow application as selective receptors, confined reaction environments and more. Recently, the field has made big steps forward by implementing dedicated functionality, e.g. catalytic centres or photoswitches to allow stimuli control. Besides incorporation in homoleptic systems, composed of one type of ligand, desire arose to include more than one function within the same assembly. Inspiration comes from natural enzymes that congregate, for example, a substrate recognition site, an allosteric regulator element and a reaction centre. Combining several functionalities without creating statistical mixtures, however, requires a toolbox of sophisticated assembly strategies. This review showcases the implementation of function into self-assembled cages and devises strategies to selectively form heteroleptic structures. We discuss first examples resulting from a combination of both principles, namely multicomponent multifunctional host-guest complexes, and their potential in application in areas such as sensing, catalysis, and photo-redox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Pullen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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33
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Wu K, Zhang B, Drechsler C, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Rückgrat‐verknüpfte Liganden erhöhen die Vielfalt in heteroleptischen Koordinationskäfigen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Bo Zhang
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Christoph Drechsler
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
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34
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Li RJ, Tessarolo J, Lee H, Clever GH. Multi-stimuli Control over Assembly and Guest Binding in Metallo-supramolecular Hosts Based on Dithienylethene Photoswitches. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3865-3873. [PMID: 33673736 PMCID: PMC7975281 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
It is difficult to
assemble multi-component metallo-supramolecular
architectures in a non-statistical fashion, which limits their development
toward functional materials. Herein, we report a system of interconverting
bowls and cages that are able to respond to various selective stimuli
(light, ligands, anions), based on the self-assembly of a photochromic
dithienylethene (DTE) ligand, La, with PdII cations. By combining the concept of “coordination
sphere engineering”, relying on bulky quinoline donors, with
reversible photoswitching between the ligand’s open (o-La) and closed (c-La) forms, a [Pd2(o-La)4] cage (o-C) and a [Pd2(c-La)3] bowl (c-B) were obtained,
respectively. This structural rearrangement modulates the system’s
guest uptake capabilities. Among three bis-sulfonate guests (G1, G2, and G3), the cage can encapsulate
only the smallest (G1), while the bowl binds all of them.
Bowl c-B was further used to synthesize
a series of heteroleptic cages, [Pd2LA3LB], representing a motif never reported before. Additional
ligands (Lc-f), with short
or long arms, tune the cavity size, thus enabling or preventing guest
uptake. Addition of Br–/Ag+ makes it
possible to change the overall charge, again triggering guest uptake
and release, as well as fourth ligand de-/recomplexation. In combination,
site-selective introduction of functionality and application of external
stimuli lead to an intricate system of hosts with different guest
preferences. A high degree of complexity is achieved through cooperativity
between only a few components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Li
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Haeri Lee
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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35
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Ludden MD, Ward MD. Outside the box: quantifying interactions of anions with the exterior surface of a cationic coordination cage. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2782-2791. [PMID: 33566043 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04211k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a study of the binding of anions to the surface of an octanuclear coordination cage HW, which carries a 16+ charge, in aqueous solution. Anionic aromatic fluorophores such as fluorescein (and derivatives) and hydroxypyrene tris-sulfonate (HPTS) bind strongly to an extent depending on their charge and hydrophobicity. Job plots indicated binding of up to six such fluorescent anions to HW, implying that one anion can bind to each face of the cubic cage, as previously demonstrated crystallographically with small anions such as halides. The quenching of these fluorophores on association with the cage provides the basis of a fluorescence displacement assay to investigate binding of other anions: addition of analyte (organic or inorganic) anions in titration experiments to an HW/fluorescein combination results in displacement and restoration of the fluorescence from the bound fluorescein, allowing calculation of 1 : 1 binding constants for the HW/anion combinations. Relative binding affinities of simple anions for the cage surface can be approximately rationalised on the basis of ease of desolvation (e.g. F- < Cl- < Br-), electrostatic factors given the 16+ charge on the cage (monoanions < dianions), and extent of hydrophobic surface. The interaction of a di-anionic pH indicator (bromocresol purple) with HW results in a pKa shift, with the surface-bound di-anionic form stabilised by approximately 1 pKa unit compared to the non-bound neutral form due to the charge on the cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Ludden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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36
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Sudan S, Li RJ, Jansze SM, Platzek A, Rudolf R, Clever GH, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Identification of a Heteroleptic Pd 6L 6L' 6 Coordination Cage by Screening of a Virtual Combinatorial Library. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1773-1778. [PMID: 33476512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of structurally defined heteroleptic coordination cages is a challenging task, and only few examples are known to date. Here we describe a selection approach that allowed the identification of a novel hexanuclear Pd cage containing two types of dipyridyl ligands. A virtual combinatorial library of [PdnL2n](BF4)2n complexes was prepared by mixing six different dipyridyl ligands with substoichiometric amounts of [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2. Analysis of the equilibrated reaction mixture revealed the preferential formation of a heteroleptic [Pd6L6L'6](BF4)12 assembly. The complex was prepared on a preparative scale by a targeted synthesis, and its structure was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It features an unprecedented trigonal-antiprismatic cage structure with two triangular Pd3L3 macrocycles bridged by six L' ligands. A related but significantly larger [Pd6L6L'6](BF4)12 cage was obtained by using metalloligands instead of organic dipyridyl ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Sudan
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ru-Jin Li
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne M Jansze
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - André Platzek
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robin Rudolf
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Cai LX, Yan DN, Cheng PM, Xuan JJ, Li SC, Zhou LP, Tian CB, Sun QF. Controlled Self-Assembly and Multistimuli-Responsive Interconversions of Three Conjoined Twin-Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2016-2024. [PMID: 33471998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive structural transformations between discrete coordination supramolecular architectures not only are essential to construct smart functional materials but also provide a versatile molecular-level platform to mimic the biological transformation process. We report here the controlled self-assembly of three topologically unprecedented conjoined twin-cages, i.e., one stapled interlocked Pd12L6 cage (2) and two helically isomeric Pd6L3 cages (3 and 4) made from the same cis-blocked palladium corners and a new bis-bidentate ligand (1). While cage 2 features three mechanically coupled cavities, cages 3 and 4 are topologically isomeric helicate-based twin-cages based on the same metal/ligand stoichiometry. Sole formation of cage 2 or a dynamic mixture of cages 3 and 4 can be controlled by changing the solvents employed during the self-assembly. Structural conversions between cages 3 and 4 can be triggered by changes in both temperature/solvent and induced-fit guest encapsulations. Well-controlled interconversion between such topologically complex superstructures may lay a solid foundation for achieving a variety of functions within a switchable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Dan-Ni Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Pei-Ming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Jin-Jin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Shao-Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Chong-Bin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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38
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Wu K, Zhang B, Drechsler C, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Backbone-Bridging Promotes Diversity in Heteroleptic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:6403-6407. [PMID: 33113268 PMCID: PMC7986237 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The combination of shape-complementary bis-monodentate ligands LA and LB with PdII cations yields heteroleptic cages cis-[Pd2 LA 2 LB 2 ] by self-sorting. Herein, we report how such assemblies can be diversified by introduction of covalent backbone bridges between two LA units. Together with solvent and guest effects, the flexibility of these linkers can modulate nuclearity, topology, and number of cavities in a family of four structurally diverse assemblies. Ligand LA1 , with flexible linker, reacts in CH3 CN with its LB counterpart to a tetranuclear dimer D1. In DMSO, however, a trinuclear pseudo-tetrahedron T1 is formed. The product of LA2 , with rigid linker, looks similar to D1, but with a rotated ligand arrangement. In presence of an anionic guest, this dimer D2 transforms and a hexanuclear prismatic barrel P2 crystallizes. We demonstrate how controlling a ligand's coordination mode can trigger structural differentiation and increase complexity in metallo-supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bo Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Drechsler
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julian J Holstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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39
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Schulte TR, Holstein JJ, Schneider L, Adam A, Haberhauer G, Clever GH. A New Mechanically-Interlocked [Pd 2 L 4 ] Cage Motif by Dimerization of two Peptide-based Lemniscates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22489-22493. [PMID: 32845570 PMCID: PMC7756597 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Most metallo-supramolecular assemblies of low nuclearity adopt simple topologies, with bridging ligands spanning neighboring metal centers in a direct fashion. Here we contribute a new structural motif to the family of host compounds with low metal count (two) that consists of a pair of doubly-interlocked, Figure-eight-shaped subunits, also termed "lemniscates". Each metal is chelated by two chiral bidentate ligands, composed of a peptidic macrocycle that resembles a natural product with two pyridyl-terminated arms. DFT calculation results suggest that dimerization of the mononuclear halves is driven by a combination of 1) Coulomb interaction with a central anion, 2) π-stacking between intertwined ligand arms and 3) dispersive interactions between the structure's compact inner core bedded into an outer shell composed of the cavitand-type macrocycles. The resulting cage-like architecture was characterized by NMR, MS and X-ray structure analyses. This new mechanically bonded system highlights the scope of structural variety accessible in metal-mediated self-assemblies composed of only a few constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben R. Schulte
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund Univ.Otto-Hahn-Str. 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund Univ.Otto-Hahn-Str. 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Laura Schneider
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund Univ.Otto-Hahn-Str. 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Abdulselam Adam
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniv. Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 745117EssenGermany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute for Organic ChemistryUniv. Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstr. 745117EssenGermany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund Univ.Otto-Hahn-Str. 644227DortmundGermany
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40
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Schulte TR, Holstein JJ, Schneider L, Adam A, Haberhauer G, Clever GH. Ein neues, mechanisch verzahntes [Pd
2
L
4
] Käfigmotiv durch Dimerisierung von zwei Peptid‐basierten Lemniskaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thorben R. Schulte
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Laura Schneider
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Abdulselam Adam
- Institut für Organische Chemie Univ. Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstr. 7 45117 Essen Deutschland
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie Univ. Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstr. 7 45117 Essen Deutschland
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
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41
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Zanetti‐Polzi L, Djemili R, Durot S, Heitz V, Daidone I, Ventura B. Allosteric Control of Naphthalene Diimide Encapsulation and Electron Transfer in Porphyrin Containers: Photophysical Studies and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Chemistry 2020; 26:17514-17524. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Djemili
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Stéphanie Durot
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Synthèse des Assemblages Moléculaires Multifonctionnels Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS/UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Isabella Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences University of L'Aquila via Vetoio (Coppito 1) 67010 L'Aquila Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività (ISOF) Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Via P. Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
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42
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Hiraoka S, Takahashi S, Sato H. Coordination Self-Assembly Processes Revealed by Collaboration of Experiment and Theory: Toward Kinetic Control of Molecular Self-Assembly. CHEM REC 2020; 21:443-459. [PMID: 33241912 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the collaboration of experiment and theory has been proven in many examples in science and technology. Here, such a new example is shown in the investigation of molecular self-assembly process, which is a complicated multi-step chemical reaction occurring in the reaction network composed of a huge number of intermediates. An experimental method, QASAP (quantitative analysis of self-assembly process), developed by us and a numerical approach, NASAP (numerical analysis of self-assembly process), that analyzes the experimental data obtained by QASAP to draw detail molecular self-assembly pathways, which was also developed by us, are introduced, and their application to the investigation of Pd(II)-mediated coordination assemblies are presented. Further, the possibility of the prediction of the outcomes of molecular self-assembly by varying the reaction conditions is also demonstrated. Finally, a future direction in the field of artificial molecular self-assembly based on pathway-dependent self-assembly, that is, kinetic control of molecular self-assembly is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalyst and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
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43
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O'Connor HM, Coletta M, Etcheverry-Berríos A, Nichol GS, Brechin EK, Lusby PJ. Kinetic selection of Pd 4L 2 metallocyclic and Pd 6L 3 trigonal prismatic assemblies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11799-11802. [PMID: 33021303 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05311b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of Pd4L2 metallocylcic and Pd6L3 trigonal prismatic assemblies are described. The selection of one species over the other has been achieved by careful choice of ancilliary ligands, which switch the dynamics of the Pd-pyridine bonds such that a highly unusual and distorted smaller assembly can be kinetically trapped en route to the more energetically favourable larger species. Both assemblies provide promise as easy to access multicavity reaction vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M O'Connor
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Marco Coletta
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Alvaro Etcheverry-Berríos
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Euan K Brechin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Paul J Lusby
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
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44
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Chu JH, Su ZH, Yen KW, Chien HI. Investigation of Stepwise and Stoichiometric Palladium-Mediated ortho-C–H Bond Arylation and Alkylation of 9(10 H)-Acridinone. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Ho Chu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Hong Su
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Wang Yen
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-I Chien
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
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45
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Tamura Y, Takezawa H, Fujita M. A Robust Double-walled Knotted Cage Revealed Guest Binding through Adaptive Portal Expansion. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Tamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takezawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Division of Advanced Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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46
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Feng T, Li X, An Y, Bai S, Sun L, Li Y, Wang Y, Han Y. Backbone‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Interlocked Molecular Cyclic Metalla[3]Catenanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan An
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yao‐Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ying‐Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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47
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Zhang YW, Bai S, Wang YY, Han YF. A Strategy for the Construction of Triply Interlocked Organometallic Cages by Rational Design of Poly-NHC Precursors. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13614-13621. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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48
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Pullen S, Löffler S, Platzek A, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Substrate and product binding inside a stimuli-responsive coordination cage acting as a singlet oxygen photosensitizer. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9404-9410. [PMID: 32589176 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01674h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An acridone-based, interpenetrated double cage [3BF4Pd4L8] acts as a photosensitizer for generating singlet oxygen which adds to 1,3-cyclohexadiene in a [2+4] hetero-Diels-Alder reaction to form 2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene. Photocatalytic activity was exclusively observed for the assembled cage, whereas the free organic ligand L decomposes upon irradiation. While cage [3BF4Pd4L8] does not accept any organic guests, NMR, MS and single crystal X-ray results reveal that both substrate and product are readily encapsulated in the central pocket of its chloride-activated form [2Cl@Pd4L8]. The system combines multiple functions (photosensitization, allosteric activation and guest uptake) within a structurally complex, mechanically-bound self-assembly built up from a simple and readily accessible ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Pullen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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49
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Gao WX, Feng HJ, Guo BB, Lu Y, Jin GX. Coordination-Directed Construction of Molecular Links. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6288-6325. [PMID: 32558562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the concept of chemical topology, interlocked molecular assemblies have graduated from academic curiosities and poorly defined species to become synthetic realities. Coordination-directed synthesis provides powerful, diverse, and increasingly sophisticated protocols for accessing interlocked molecules. Originally, metal ions were employed solely as templates to gather and position building blocks in entwined or threaded arrangements. Recently, metal centers have increasingly featured within the backbones of the integral structural elements, which in turn use noncovalent interactions to self-assemble into intricate topologies. By outlining ingenious recent examples as well as seminal classic cases, this Review focuses on the role of metal-ligand paradigms in assembling molecular links. In addition, the ever-evolving approaches to efficient assembly, the structural features of the resulting architectures, and their prospects for the future are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xi Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Bei-Bei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ye Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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50
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Takata H, Ono K, Iwasawa N. Controlled release of the guest molecule via borate formation of a fluorinated boronic ester cage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5613-5616. [PMID: 32297611 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A boronic ester cage, which exhibits stimuli-responsive guest-release behavior, was constructed by self-assembly of tetrol with the indacene backbone and a fluorine-substituted benzenetriboronic acid derivative. The presence of fluorine substituents made it possible to control the guest release rate using simple amines by forming tetrahedral borates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisatsugu Takata
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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