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Vinod K, Jadhav SD, Hariharan M. Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Crystalline Iodinated Eumelanin Monomer. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400499. [PMID: 38502668 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We report the room temperature phosphorescence upon iodination on a crystalline eumelanin monomer with shielded hydroxyl moieties, ethyl 5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylate (DMICE). Ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) is observed in the iodinated (IDMICE) as well as brominated (BDMICE) analogues of the eumelanin monomer derivative in solution. The triplet quantum yields (φT) and intersystem crossing rates (kISC) of the halogenated eumelanin derivatives areφ T B D M I C E ${{\phi{} }_{T}^{BDMICE}}$ =25.4±1.1 %;k I S C B D M I C E ${{k}_{ISC}^{BDMICE}}$ =1.95×109 s-1 andφ T I D M I C E ${{\phi{} }_{T}^{IDMICE}}$ =59.1±1.6 %;k I S C I D M I C E = ${{k}_{ISC}^{IDMICE}=}$ 1.36×1010 s-1, as monitored using transient absorption spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations based on nuclear ensemble method reveal that computed kISC and spin-orbit coupling matrix elements for eumelanin derivatives are larger for IDMICE relative to BDMICE. The halogen and π-π interactions, with distinct excitonic coupling and higher ISC rate promote phosphorescence in IDMICE molecular crystals. Accessing triplet excited states and resultant photoluminescence through structural modification of eumelanin scaffolds paves way for exploring the versatility of eumelanin-inspired molecules as bio-functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Sohan D Jadhav
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Maruthamala P.O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, Kerala, India
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2
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Wang X, Zhang J, Yang L, Wang T, Duan G, Gu Z, Li Y. Eumelanin-like Poly(levodopa) Nanoscavengers for Inflammation Disease Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2563-2573. [PMID: 38485470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the current years, polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) have been extensively investigated as an eumelanin mimic. However, unlike natural eumelanin, PDA NPs contain no 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA)-derived units and may be limited in certain intrinsic properties; superior eumelanin-like nanomaterials are still actively being sought. Levodopa (l-DOPA) is a natural eumelanin precursor and expected to convert into DHICA and further remain within the final product through covalent or physical interactions. Herein, poly(levodopa) nanoparticles [P(l-DOPA) NPs] were synthesized with the assistance of zinc oxide as a supplement to synthetic eumelanin. This study found that P(l-DOPA) NPs had ∼90% DHICA-derived subunits on their surface and exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to PDA NPs due to their looser polymeric microstructure. Benefitting from a stronger ROS scavenging ability, P(l-DOPA) NPs outperformed PDA NPs in treating cellular oxidative stress and acute inflammation. This research opens up new possibilities for the development and application of novel melanin-like materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianheng Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Gaigai Duan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Cardia R, Dardenne N, Mula G, Pinna E, Rignanese GM, Charlier JC, Cappellini G. First-Principles Investigation of the Optical Properties of Eumelanin Protomolecules. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10797-10806. [PMID: 38109190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the absorption spectra (in the near-infrared, visible, and first UV range) of the two most probable eumelanin tetrameric molecules exhibiting either a linear open-chain or a cyclic porphyrine-like configuration. In order to simulate a realistic molecular system, an implicit solvent model is used in our calculations to mimic the effect of the solvated environment around the eumelanin molecule. Although the presence of solvent is found not to significantly affect the absorption pattern of both molecules, the onset of the spectra are shifted toward higher energies, especially for the linear tetramer. Interestingly, the absorption spectra and optical onsets of the two molecules differ significantly both in a vacuum and in ethanol. However, the two predicted spectra do not allow us to definitely discriminate between the two configurations when comparing the theoretical predictions with the available experimental spectrum. In addition, a mix of the two eumelanin configurations (close to fifty-fifty) leads to a maximum overlap between theoretical and experimental spectra. Consequently, this theoretical research shows that deeper insight can be gained using beyond DFT techniques on the real form of eumelanin protomolecules present in living systems as well as on their possible use in hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cardia
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicolas Dardenne
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guido Mula
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Pinna
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian-Marco Rignanese
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
| | - Jean-Christophe Charlier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
| | - Giancarlo Cappellini
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
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4
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The photoprotection mechanism in the black-brown pigment eumelanin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212343119. [PMID: 36227945 PMCID: PMC9618045 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212343119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural black-brown pigment eumelanin protects humans from high-energy UV photons by absorbing and rapidly dissipating their energy before proteins and DNA are damaged. The extremely weak fluorescence of eumelanin points toward nonradiative relaxation on the timescale of picoseconds or shorter. However, the extreme chemical and physical complexity of eumelanin masks its photoprotection mechanism. We sought to determine the electronic and structural relaxation pathways in eumelanin using three complementary ultrafast optical spectroscopy methods: fluorescence, transient absorption, and stimulated Raman spectroscopies. We show that photoexcitation of chromophores across the UV-visible spectrum rapidly generates a distribution of visible excitation energies via ultrafast internal conversion among neighboring coupled chromophores, and then all these excitations relax on a timescale of ∼4 ps without transferring their energy to other chromophores. Moreover, these picosecond dynamics are shared by the monomeric building block, 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid. Through a series of solvent and pH-dependent measurements complemented by quantum chemical modeling, we show that these ultrafast dynamics are consistent with the partial excited-state proton transfer from the catechol hydroxy groups to the solvent. The use of this multispectroscopic approach allows the minimal functional unit in eumelanin and the role of exciton coupling and excited-state proton transfer to be determined, and ultimately reveals the mechanism of photoprotection in eumelanin. This knowledge has potential for use in the design of new soft optical components and organic sunscreens.
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Meisner QJ, Hurley JJM, Guo P, Blood AR, Schaller RD, Gosztola DJ, Wiederrecht GP, Zhu L. Triple Emission of 5'-( para-R-Phenylene)vinylene-2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (PVHBO). Part I: Dual Emission from the Neutral Species. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1033-1061. [PMID: 35143188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 5'-(para-R-phenylene)vinylene (PV) substituents on the emission properties of 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) are analyzed using steady-state and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopies in addition to quantum chemical calculations. All members in the series of PVHBOs are capable of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) with a solvent sensitivity that is typical of a HBO derivative to produce a normal (aka enol) emission and an excited-state tautomer (aka keto) emission. These two emission bands of the neutral dyes are discussed in the current paper. The intermolecular proton transfer, i.e., the deprotonation, of a PVHBO results in the third band of the triple emission, which is described in the succeeding paper. The placement of an electron-withdrawing substituent R on the PVHBO scaffold increases the intensity of the keto emission relative to the enol emission in hydrogen-bonding solvents. The R substituents do not significantly alter the wavelengths of the enol and keto emission bands, which are located in the blue and green regions, respectively, of the visible spectrum. The ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopies and quantum chemical calculations offer explanations on how the R group and the solvent affect the enol and keto emission properties (i.e., wavelength, lifetime, fluorescence quantum yield, and relative ratio of their emissions). The key findings include the following: (1) the emission energies of both enol and keto forms are not sensitively dependent on the R substituent and (2) the solvent-engaged enol excited state is quenched more efficiently as the R substituent becomes more electron-withdrawing. A PVHBO acts as a fusion of HBO and stilbenoid that intersect at the hydroxyphenyl moiety. Depending on the solvent and other environmental conditions, PVHBOs may exhibit the ESIPT property of HBO or the substituent-dependent emission of stilbenoid. This paper and the succeeding article provide a photophysical model of PVHBOs to explain the wavelengths and relative abundances of the three emission bands (enol, keto, and anion) that these compounds are able to produce. Judicial selection of the environmental factors may drive the emission of a PVHBO into the spectral regions of blue, green, and, in a couple of cases, orange or red.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton J Meisner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Joseph J M Hurley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Anna R Blood
- New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, Florida 34243, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David J Gosztola
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gary P Wiederrecht
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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Sasikumar D, Vinod K, Sunny J, Hariharan M. Exciton interactions in helical crystals of a hydrogen-bonded eumelanin monomer. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2331-2338. [PMID: 35310511 PMCID: PMC8864807 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eumelanin, a naturally occurring group of heterogeneous polymers/aggregates providing photoprotection to living organisms, consist of 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) building blocks. Despite their prevalence in the animal world, the structure and therefore the mechanism behind the photoprotective broadband absorption and non-radiative decay of eumelanin remain largely unknown. As a small step towards solving the incessant mystery, DHI is crystallized in a non-protic solvent environment to obtain DHI crystals having a helical packing motif. The present approach reflects the solitary directional effect of hydrogen bonds between the DHI chromophores for generating the crystalline assembly and filters out any involvement of the surrounding solvent environment. The DHI single crystals having an atypical chiral packing motif (P212121 Sohncke space group) incorporate enantiomeric zig-zag helical stacks arranged in a herringbone fashion with respect to each other. Each of the zig-zag helical stacks originates from a bifurcated hydrogen bonding interaction between the hydroxyl substituents in adjacent DHI chromophores which act as the backbone structure for the helical assembly. Fragment-based excited state analysis performed on the DHI crystalline assembly demonstrates exciton delocalization along the DHI units that connect each enantiomeric helical stack while, within each stack, the excitons remain localized. Fascinatingly, over the time evolution for generation of single-crystals of the DHI-monomer, mesoscopic double-helical crystals are formed, possibly attributed to the presence of covalently connected DHI trimers in chloroform solution. The oligomeric DHI (in line with the chemical disorder model) along with the characteristic crystalline packing observed for DHI provides insights into the broadband absorption feature exhibited by the chromophore. Single crystals of DHI monomer, a eumelanin precursor, adopt an atypical chiral packing arrangement incorporating enantiomeric zig-zag helical stacks while its covalently connected DHI trimer forms double-helical crystals in the mesoscopic scale.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Sasikumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Kavya Vinod
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Jeswin Sunny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Maruthamala P.O., Vithura Thiruvananthapuram Kerala 695551 India
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Galeb HA, Lamantia A, Robson A, König K, Eichhorn J, Baldock SJ, Ashton MD, Baum JV, Mort RL, Robinson BJ, Schacher FH, Chechik V, Taylor AM, Hardy JG. The Polymerization of Homogentisic Acid in Vitro as a Model for Pyomelanin Formation. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa A. Galeb
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21577 Saudi Arabia
| | - Angelo Lamantia
- Department of Physics Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Robson
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB United Kingdom
| | - Katja König
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Lessingstraße 8 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Jonas Eichhorn
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Lessingstraße 8 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Sara J. Baldock
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB United Kingdom
| | - Mark D. Ashton
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB United Kingdom
| | - John V. Baum
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Mort
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YG United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J. Robinson
- Department of Physics Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW United Kingdom
- Materials Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB United Kingdom
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institut für Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Lessingstraße 8 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Victor Chechik
- Department of Chemistry University of York Heslington, York YO10 5DD United Kingdom
| | - Adam M. Taylor
- Lancaster Medical School Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YW United Kingdom
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB United Kingdom
- Materials Science Institute Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB United Kingdom
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8
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Understanding the way eumelanin works: A unique example of properties and skills driven by molecular heterogeneity. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mostert AB. Melanin, the What, the Why and the How: An Introductory Review for Materials Scientists Interested in Flexible and Versatile Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1670. [PMID: 34065580 PMCID: PMC8161012 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, western society is facing challenges to create new medical technologies to service an aging population as well as the ever-increasing e-waste of electronic devices and sensors. A key solution to these challenges will be the use of biomaterials and biomimetic systems. One material that has been receiving serious attention for its biomedical and device applications is eumelanin. Eumelanin, or commonly known as melanin, is nature's brown-black pigment and is a poly-indolequinone biopolymer, which possess unique physical and chemical properties for material applications. Presented here is a review, aimed at polymer and other materials scientists, to introduce eumelanin as a potential material for research. Covered here are the chemical and physical structures of melanin, an overview of its unique physical and chemical properties, as well as a wide array of applications, but with an emphasis on device and sensing applications. The review is then finished by introducing interested readers to novel synthetic protocols and post synthesis fabrication techniques to enable a starting point for polymer research in this intriguing and complex material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernardus Mostert
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
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Siddiqui MF, Jeon S, Kim MM. Rapid and sensitive detection of melanin using glutathione conjugated gold nanocluster based fluorescence quenching assay. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 247:119086. [PMID: 33128947 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a rapid, facile, and highly sensitive assay based on glutathione conjugated gold nanocluster (GSH-AuNCs) is developed for the detection of melanin. The analysis of melanin which is linked to several diseases is crucial. The current methods for melanin estimation are complex and long, thus demands an alternative technology. In general, melanin exhibits photoactive properties, thus, it might have fluorescence quenching properties through the phenomenon of fluorescence resonance energy transfer. To verify our assumption, we have developed the fluorescence quenching assay based on gold nanocluster and melanin interaction. As a result, under the optimized condition, the developed quenching assay demonstrated the high selectivity and sensitivity toward melanin with a limit of detection and correlation coefficient of 0.060 μg/mL and 0.993, respectively. Moreover, the whole process represented the rapid assay time of 30 min to complete. To validate the performance of our assay on real samples, B16F1 cells lysate, and hair samples were tested that provided satisfactory results. Therefore, we believe that our assay due to good sensitivity and short assay time could be beneficial for the clinical diagnosis of melanin in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan Siddiqui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Jeon
- Department of Biology & Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Moo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-714, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ghosh D. Computational aspects towards understanding the photoprocesses in eumelanin. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata India
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12
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Gelatin-Based Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-Carboxylic Acid, a Melanin-Related Metabolite with Potent Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030245. [PMID: 32197438 PMCID: PMC7139803 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of gelatin-based hydrogels of incorporating and releasing under controlled conditions 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA), a melanin-related metabolite endowed with marked antioxidant properties was investigated. The methyl ester of DHICA, MeDHICA, was also tested in view of its higher stability, and different solubility profile. Three types of gelatin-based hydrogels were prepared: pristine porcine skin type A gelatin (HGel-A), a pristine gelatin cross-linked by amide coupling of lysines and glutamic/aspartic acids (HGel-B), and a gelatin/chitosan blend (HGel-C). HGel-B and HGel-C differed in the swelling behavior, showed satisfactorily high mechanical strength at physiological temperatures and well-defined morphology. The extent of incorporation into all the gelatins tested using a 10% w/w indole to gelatin ratio was very satisfactory ranging from 60 to 90% for either indoles. The kinetics of indole release under conditions of physiological relevance was evaluated up to 72 h. The highest values were obtained with HGel-B and HGel-C for MeDHICA (90% after 6 h), and an appreciable release was observed for DHICA reaching 30% and 40% at 6 h for HGel-B and HGel-C, respectively. At 72 h, DHICA and MeDHICA were released at around 30% from HGel-A at pH 7.4, with an increase up to 40% at pH 5.5 in the case of DHICA. DHICA incorporated into HGel-B proved fairly stable over 6 h whereas the free compound at the same concentration was almost completely oxidized. The antioxidant power of the indole loaded gelatins was monitored by chemical assays and proved unaltered even after prolonged storage in air, suggesting that the materials could be prepared in advance with respect to their use without alteration of their efficacy.
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Kohl FR, Grieco C, Kohler B. Ultrafast spectral hole burning reveals the distinct chromophores in eumelanin and their common photoresponse. Chem Sci 2019; 11:1248-1259. [PMID: 34123249 PMCID: PMC8148383 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Eumelanin, the brown-black pigment found in organisms from bacteria to humans, dissipates solar energy and prevents photochemical damage. While the structure of eumelanin is unclear, it is thought to consist of an extremely heterogeneous collection of chromophores that absorb from the UV to the infrared, additively producing its remarkably broad absorption spectrum. However, the chromophores responsible for absorption by eumelanin and their excited state decay pathways remain highly uncertain. Using femtosecond broadband transient absorption spectroscopy, we address the excited state behavior of chromophore subsets that make up a synthetic eumelanin, DOPA melanin, and probe the heterogeneity of its chromophores. Tuning the excitation light over more than an octave from the UV to the visible and probing with the broadest spectral window used to study any form of melanin to date enable the detection of spectral holes with a linewidth of 0.6 eV that track the excitation wavelength. Transient spectral hole burning is a manifestation of extreme chemical heterogeneity, yet exciting these diverse chromophores unexpectedly produces a common photoinduced absorption spectrum and similar kinetics. This common photoresponse is assigned to the ultrafast formation of immobile charge transfer excitons that decay locally and that are formed among graphene-like chromophores in less than 200 fs. Raman spectroscopy reveals that chromophore heterogeneity in DOPA melanin arises from different sized domains of sp2-hybridized carbon and nitrogen atoms. Furthermore, we identify for the first time striking parallels between the excited state dynamics of eumelanin and disordered carbon nanomaterials, suggesting that they share common structural attributes. Seeing the colors in black: ultrafast transient hole burning spectroscopy reveals the absorption properties of discrete chromophores and their interactions in the skin pigment eumelanin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest R Kohl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA +1-614-688-2635
| | - Christopher Grieco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA +1-614-688-2635
| | - Bern Kohler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA +1-614-688-2635
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Xiao M, Chen W, Li W, Zhao J, Hong YL, Nishiyama Y, Miyoshi T, Shawkey MD, Dhinojwala A. Elucidation of the hierarchical structure of natural eumelanins. J R Soc Interface 2019. [PMID: 29514988 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eumelanin is one of the most ubiquitous pigments in living organisms and plays an important role in coloration and UV protection. Because eumelanin is highly cross-linked and insoluble in solvents, the chemical structure is still not completely known. In this study, we used atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to compare intact eumelanosomes (pigment granules mostly made of eumelanin) from four phylogentically distant species: cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) inks, black fish crow (Corvus ossifragus) feathers, iridescent wild turkey (Melleagris gallopavo) feathers and black human hair. We found that eumelanosomes from all four species are composed of subunit nanoparticles with a length of 10-60 nm, consistent with earlier observations in eumelanosomes from the sepia ink and human hair. The solid-state NMR results indicate the presence of quinone methide tautomers in all four eumelanins. We also found clear differences in the UV absorbance, the ratio of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid/5,6-dihydroxyindole and protonated aryl carbon ratios in sepia eumelanin relative to the other three. This comparison of natural eumelanin across a phylogenetically broad group of organisms provides insights into the change in the eumelanin structure over the evolutionary history and enables the production of synthetic eumelanin with properties that are similar to natural eumelanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiao
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Study, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyao Li
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Jiuzhou Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - You-Lee Hong
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA.,RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, University of Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ali Dhinojwala
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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15
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D'Alba L, Shawkey MD. Melanosomes: Biogenesis, Properties, and Evolution of an Ancient Organelle. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1-19. [PMID: 30255724 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00059.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanosomes are organelles that produce and store melanin, a widespread biological pigment with a unique suite of properties including high refractive index, semiconducting capabilities, material stiffness, and high fossilization potential. They are involved in numerous critical biological functions in organisms across the tree of life. Individual components such as melanin chemistry and melanosome development have recently been addressed, but a broad synthesis is needed. Here, we review the hierarchical structure, development, functions, and evolution of melanosomes. We highlight variation in melanin chemistry and melanosome morphology and how these may relate to function. For example, we review what is known of the chemical differences between different melanin types (eumelanin, pheomelanin, allomelanin) and whether/how melanosome morphology relates to chemistry and color. We integrate the distribution of melanin across living organisms with what is known from the fossil record and produce hypotheses on its evolution. We suggest that melanin was present in life forms early in evolutionary history and that melanosomes evolved at the origin of organelles. Throughout, we discuss the (sometimes gaping) holes in our knowledge and suggest areas that need particular attention as we move forward in our understanding of these still-mysterious organelles and the materials that they contain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana D'Alba
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, University of Ghent , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Matthew D Shawkey
- Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures Group, Department of Biology, University of Ghent , Ghent , Belgium
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16
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Ghosh P, Ghosh D. Non-radiative decay of an eumelanin monomer: to be or not to be planar. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6635-6642. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00246d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The planar and nonplanar non-radiative decay channels of eumelanin monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Ghosh
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Debashree Ghosh
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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17
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Grieco C, Kohl FR, Zhang Y, Natarajan S, Blancafort L, Kohler B. Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Modulates O-H Photodissociation in Molecular Aggregates of a Catechol Derivative. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:163-175. [PMID: 30317633 DOI: 10.1111/php.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The catechol functional group plays a major role in the chemistry of a wide variety of molecules important in biology and technology. In eumelanin, intermolecular hydrogen bonding between these functional groups is thought to contribute to UV photoprotective and radical buffering properties, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, aggregates of 4-t-butylcatechol are used as model systems to study how intermolecular hydrogen bonding influences photochemical pathways that may occur in eumelanin. Ultrafast UV-visible and mid-IR transient absorption measurements are used to identify the photochemical processes of 4-t-butylcatechol monomers and their hydrogen-bonded aggregates in cyclohexane solution. Monomer photoexcitation results in hydrogen atom ejection to the solvent via homolytic O-H bond dissociation with a time constant of 12 ps, producing a neutral semiquinone radical with a lifetime greater than 1 ns. In contrast, intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions within aggregates retard O-H bond photodissociation by over an order of magnitude in time. Excited state structural relaxation is proposed to slow O-H dissociation, allowing internal conversion to the ground state to occur in hundreds of picoseconds in competition with this channel. The semiquinone radicals formed in the aggregates exhibit spectral broadening of both their electronic and vibrational transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Grieco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Forrest R Kohl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sangeetha Natarajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Bern Kohler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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18
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Cao C, Kim E, Liu Y, Kang M, Li J, Yin JJ, Liu H, Qu X, Liu C, Bentley WE, Payne GF. Radical Scavenging Activities of Biomimetic Catechol-Chitosan Films. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3502-3514. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P R China
| | - Eunkyoung Kim
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Drive, Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Drive, Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mijeong Kang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Drive, Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jinyang Li
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Drive, Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jun-Jie Yin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P R China
| | - Xue Qu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P R China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P R China
| | - William E. Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Drive, Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gregory F. Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 4291 Fieldhouse Drive, Plant Sciences Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 8228 Paint Branch Drive, 2330 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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19
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Exploring the UVB-protective efficacy of melanin precursor extracted from marine imperfect fungus: Featuring characterization and application studies under in vitro conditions. Int Microbiol 2018; 21:59-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Baker LA, Marchetti B, Karsili TNV, Stavros VG, Ashfold MNR. Photoprotection: extending lessons learned from studying natural sunscreens to the design of artificial sunscreen constituents. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:3770-3791. [PMID: 28580469 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Evolution has ensured that plants and animals have developed effective protection mechanisms against the potentially harmful effects of incident ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Tanning is one such mechanism in humans, but tanning only occurs post-exposure to UVR. Hence, there is ever growing use of commercial sunscreens to pre-empt overexposure to UVR. Key requirements for any chemical filter molecule used in such a photoprotective capacity include a large absorption cross-section in the UV-A and UV-B spectral regions and the availability of one or more mechanisms whereby the absorbed photon energy can be dissipated without loss of the molecular integrity of the chemical filter. Here we summarise recent experimental (mostly ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy studies) and computational progress towards unravelling various excited state decay mechanisms that afford the necessary photostability in chemical filters found in nature and those used in commercial sunscreens. We also outline ways in which a better understanding of the photophysics and photochemistry of sunscreen molecules selected by nature could aid the design of new and improved commercial sunscreen formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Barbara Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Michael N R Ashfold
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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21
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Iacomino M, Mancebo-Aracil J, Guardingo M, Martín R, D'Errico G, Perfetti M, Manini P, Crescenzi O, Busqué F, Napolitano A, d'Ischia M, Sedó J, Ruiz-Molina D. Replacing Nitrogen by Sulfur: From Structurally Disordered Eumelanins to Regioregular Thiomelanin Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2169. [PMID: 29039817 PMCID: PMC5666850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative polymerization of 5,6-dihydroxybenzothiophene (DHBT), the sulfur analog of the key eumelanin building block 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI), was investigated to probe the role of nitrogen in eumelanin build-up and properties. Unlike DHI, which gives a typical black insoluble eumelanin polymer on oxidation, DHBT is converted to a grayish amorphous solid (referred to as thiomelanin) with visible absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance properties different from those of DHI melanin. Mass spectrometry experiments revealed gradational mixtures of oligomers up to the decamer level. Quite unexpectedly, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the early oligomer fractions indicated linear, 4-, and 7-linked structures in marked contrast with DHI, which gives highly complex mixtures of partially degraded oligomers. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations supported the tendency of DHBT to couple via the 4- and 7-positions. These results uncover the role of nitrogen as a major determinant of the structural diversity generated by the polymerization of DHI, and point to replacement by sulfur as a viable entry to regioregular eumelanin-type materials for potential applications for surface functionalization by dip coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Iacomino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Juan Mancebo-Aracil
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Mireia Guardingo
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
- Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Raquel Martín
- Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Gerardino D'Errico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco Perfetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Manini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Orlando Crescenzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Félix Busqué
- Department de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Josep Sedó
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Molina
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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22
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Kawamura A, Kohri M, Yoshioka S, Taniguchi T, Kishikawa K. Structural Color Tuning: Mixing Melanin-Like Particles with Different Diameters to Create Neutral Colors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:3824-3830. [PMID: 28365991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present the ability to tune structural colors by mixing colloidal particles. To produce high-visibility structural colors, melanin-like core-shell particles composed of a polystyrene (PSt) core and a polydopamine (PDA) shell, were used as components. The results indicated that neutral structural colors could be successfully obtained by simply mixing two differently sized melanin-like PSt@PDA core-shell particles. In addition, the arrangements of the particles, which were important factors when forming structural colors, were investigated by mathematical processing using a 2D Fourier transform technique and Voronoi diagrams. These findings provide new insights for the development of structural color-based ink applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Kawamura
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Michinari Kohri
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shinya Yoshioka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Taniguchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Keiki Kishikawa
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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23
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Micillo R, Panzella L, Iacomino M, Prampolini G, Cacelli I, Ferretti A, Crescenzi O, Koike K, Napolitano A, d'Ischia M. Eumelanin broadband absorption develops from aggregation-modulated chromophore interactions under structural and redox control. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41532. [PMID: 28150707 PMCID: PMC5288692 DOI: 10.1038/srep41532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eumelanins, the chief photoprotective pigments in man and mammals, owe their black color to an unusual broadband absorption spectrum whose origin is still a conundrum. Excitonic effects from the interplay of geometric order and disorder in 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI)-based oligomeric/polymeric structures play a central role, however the contributions of structural (scaffold-controlled) and redox (π-electron-controlled) disorder have remained uncharted. Herein, we report an integrated experimental-theoretical entry to eumelanin chromophore dynamics based on poly(vinyl alcohol)-controlled polymerization of a large set of 5,6-dihydroxyindoles and related dimers. The results a) uncover the impact of the structural scaffold on eumelanin optical properties, disproving the widespread assumption of a universal monotonic chromophore; b) delineate eumelanin chromophore buildup as a three-step dynamic process involving the rapid generation of oxidized oligomers, termed melanochromes (phase I), followed by a slow oxidant-independent band broadening (phase II) leading eventually to scattering (phase III); c) point to a slow reorganization-stabilization of melanochromes via intermolecular redox interactions as the main determinant of visible broadband absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Micillo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Iacomino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Prampolini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivo Cacelli
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ferretti
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area della Ricerca, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Orlando Crescenzi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Kenzo Koike
- Hair care Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo 131-8501, Japan
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, I-80126 Naples, Italy
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24
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Baker LA, Greenough SE, Stavros VG. A Perspective on the Ultrafast Photochemistry of Solution-Phase Sunscreen Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4655-4665. [PMID: 27791379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sunscreens are one of the most common ways of providing on-demand additional photoprotection to the skin. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy has recently proven to be an invaluable tool in understanding how the components of commercial sunscreen products display efficient photoprotection. Important examples of how this technique has unravelled the photodynamics of common components are given in this Perspective, and some of the remaining unanswered questions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Simon E Greenough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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25
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Marchetti B, Karsili TNV. Theoretical insights into the photo-protective mechanisms of natural biological sunscreens: building blocks of eumelanin and pheomelanin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3644-58. [PMID: 26753793 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06767g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Eumelanin (EM) and pheomelanin (PM) are ubiquitous in mammalian skin and hair--protecting against harmful radiation from the sun. Their primary roles are to absorb solar radiation and efficiently dissipate the excess excited state energy in the form of heat without detriment to the polymeric structure. EU and PM exist as polymeric chains consisting of exotic arrangements of functionalised heteroaromatic molecules. Here we have used state-of-the-art electronic structure calculations and on-the-fly surface hopping molecular dynamics simulations to study the intrinsic deactivation paths of various building blocks of EU and PM. Ultrafast excited state decay, via electron-driven proton transfer (in EU and PM) and proton-transfer coupled ring-opening (in PM) reactions, have been identified to proceed along hitherto unknown charge-separated states in EU and PM oligomers. These results shed light on the possible relaxation pathways that dominate the photochemistry of natural skin melanins. Extrapolation of such findings could provide a gateway into engineering more effective molecular constituents in commercial sunscreens--with reduced phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tolga N V Karsili
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D85747 Garching, Germany.
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26
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Ju KY, Kang J, Chang JH, Lee JK. Clue to Understanding the Janus Behavior of Eumelanin: Investigating the Relationship between Hierarchical Assembly Structure of Eumelanin and Its Photophysical Properties. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2860-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-Youn Ju
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Jeeun Kang
- Department
of Electronics Engineering and Sogang Institute of Advanced Technology, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chang
- Department
of Electronics Engineering and Sogang Institute of Advanced Technology, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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27
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d'Ischia M, Wakamatsu K, Cicoira F, Di Mauro E, Garcia-Borron JC, Commo S, Galván I, Ghanem G, Kenzo K, Meredith P, Pezzella A, Santato C, Sarna T, Simon JD, Zecca L, Zucca FA, Napolitano A, Ito S. Melanins and melanogenesis: from pigment cells to human health and technological applications. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 28:520-44. [PMID: 26176788 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, melanins and melanogenesis have attracted growing interest for a broad range of biomedical and technological applications. The burst of polydopamine-based multifunctional coatings in materials science is just one example, and the list may be expanded to include melanin thin films for organic electronics and bioelectronics, drug delivery systems, functional nanoparticles and biointerfaces, sunscreens, environmental remediation devices. Despite considerable advances, applied research on melanins and melanogenesis is still far from being mature. A closer intersectoral interaction between research centers is essential to raise the interests and increase the awareness of the biomedical, biomaterials science and hi-tech sectors of the manifold opportunities offered by pigment cells and related metabolic pathways. Starting from a survey of biological roles and functions, the present review aims at providing an interdisciplinary perspective of melanin pigments and related pathway with a view to showing how it is possible to translate current knowledge about physical and chemical properties and control mechanisms into new bioinspired solutions for biomedical, dermocosmetic, and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco d'Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fabio Cicoira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eduardo Di Mauro
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Stephane Commo
- L'Oréal Recherche & Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Ismael Galván
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ghanem Ghanem
- LOCE, Institut J. Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Koike Kenzo
- Development Research - Hair Care Products, KAO Corporation, Sumida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul Meredith
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Clara Santato
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - John D Simon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council of Italy, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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28
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Solano F. Photoprotectionversusphotodamage: updating an old but still unsolved controversy about melanin. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Solano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Research Group for Molecular Control of Cell Proliferation, School of Medicine and IMIB; University of Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
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29
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Tuna D, Udvarhelyi A, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W, Domratcheva T. Onset of the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Isolated and π-Stacked Oligomers of 5,6-Dihydroxyindole: An Ab Initio Study of the Building Blocks of Eumelanin. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3493-502. [PMID: 27005558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Eumelanin is a naturally occurring skin pigment which is responsible for developing a suntan. The complex structure of eumelanin consists of π-stacked oligomers of various indole derivatives, such as the monomeric building block 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). In this work, we present an ab initio wave-function study of the absorption behavior of DHI oligomers and of doubly and triply π-stacked species of these oligomers. We have simulated the onset of the electronic absorption spectra by employing the MP2 and the linear-response CC2 methods. Our results demonstrate the effect of an increasing degree of oligomerization of DHI and of an increasing degree of π-stacking of DHI oligomers on the onset of the absorption spectra and on the degree of red-shift toward the visible region of the spectrum. We find that π-stacking of DHI and its oligomers substantially red-shifts the onset of the absorption spectra. Our results also suggest that the optical properties of biological eumelanin cannot be simulated by considering the DHI building blocks alone, but instead the building blocks indole-semiquinone and indole-quinone have to be considered as well. This study contributes to advancing the understanding of the complex photophysics of the eumelanin biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tuna
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Anikó Udvarhelyi
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München , 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Tatiana Domratcheva
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung , 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Mandal M, Das T, Grewal BK, Ghosh D. Feasibility of Ionization-Mediated Pathway for Ultraviolet-Induced Melanin Damage. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:13288-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukunda Mandal
- Physical and Materials Chemistry
Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Physical and Materials Chemistry
Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Baljinder K. Grewal
- Physical and Materials Chemistry
Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Debashree Ghosh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry
Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
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31
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Horbury MD, Baker LA, Quan WD, Young JD, Staniforth M, Greenough SE, Stavros VG. Bridging the Gap between the Gas Phase and Solution Phase: Solvent Specific Photochemistry in 4-tert-Butylcatechol. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11989-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Horbury
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Lewis A. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Wen-Dong Quan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Jamie D. Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Michael Staniforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Simon E. Greenough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Vasilios G. Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
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32
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Maresca V, Flori E, Picardo M. Skin phototype: a new perspective. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:378-89. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Maresca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research; San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute; Rome Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research; San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute; Rome Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research; San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute; Rome Italy
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33
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Houari Y, Chibani S, Jacquemin D, Laurent AD. TD-DFT Assessment of the Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole (HBI) Dyes. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:2180-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp505036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ymène Houari
- Laboratoire
CEISAM - UMR CNR 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la
Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Siwar Chibani
- Laboratoire
CEISAM - UMR CNR 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la
Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire
CEISAM - UMR CNR 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la
Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire
de France, 103, bd Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Adèle D. Laurent
- Laboratoire
CEISAM - UMR CNR 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la
Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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34
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d’Ischia M, Napolitano A, Ball V, Chen CT, Buehler MJ. Polydopamine and eumelanin: from structure-property relationships to a unified tailoring strategy. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3541-50. [PMID: 25340503 DOI: 10.1021/ar500273y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Polydopamine (PDA), a black insoluble biopolymer produced by autoxidation of the catecholamine neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), and synthetic eumelanin polymers modeled to the black functional pigments of human skin, hair, and eyes have burst into the scene of materials science as versatile bioinspired functional systems for a very broad range of applications. PDA is characterized by extraordinary adhesion properties providing efficient and universal surface coating for diverse settings that include drug delivery, microfluidic systems, and water-treatment devices. Synthetic eumelanins from dopa or 5,6-dihydroxyindoles are the focus of increasing interest as UV-absorbing agents, antioxidants, free radical scavengers, and water-dependent hybrid electronic-ionic semiconductors. Because of their peculiar physicochemical properties, eumelanins and PDA hold considerable promise in nanomedicine and bioelectronics, as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, and exhibit suitable mechanical properties for integration with biological tissues. Despite considerable similarities, very few attempts have so far been made to provide an integrated unifying perspective of these two fields of technology-oriented chemical research, and progress toward application has been based more on empirical approaches than on a solid conceptual framework of structure-property relationships. The present Account is an attempt to fill this gap. Following a vis-à-vis of PDA and eumelanin chemistries, it provides an overall view of the various levels of chemical disorder in both systems and draws simple correlations with physicochemical properties based on experimental and computational approaches. The potential of large-scale simulations to capture the macroproperties of eumelanin-like materials and their hierarchical structures, to predict the physicochemical properties of new melanin-inspired materials, to understand the structure-property-function relationships of these materials from the bottom up, and to design and optimize materials to achieve desired properties is illustrated. The impact of synthetic conditions on melanin structure and physicochemical properties is systematically discussed for the first time. Rational tailoring strategies directed to critical control points of the synthetic pathways, such as dopaquinone, DAquinone, and dopachrome, are then proposed, with a view to translating basic chemical knowledge into practical guidelines for material manipulation and tailoring. This key concept is exemplified by the recent demonstration that varying DA concentration, or using Tris instead of phosphate as the buffer, results in PDA materials with quite different structural properties. Realizing that PDA and synthetic eumelanins belong to the same family of functional materials may foster unprecedented synergisms between research fields that have so far been apart in the pursuit of tailorable and marketable materials for energy, biomedical, and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco d’Ischia
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia
4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia
4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincent Ball
- Faculty of
Dental Surgery, University of Strasbourg, 8 rue Sainte Elizabeth Strasbourg, FR 67070 Strasbourg, France
- Institut National
de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité
Mixte de Recherche 1121 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Chun-Teh Chen
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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35
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Roohi H, Mohtamedifar N, Hejazi F. Intramolecular photoinduced proton transfer in 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzazole family: A TD-DFT quantum chemical study. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Laurent AD, Jacquemin D. Analyzing excited-state processes and optical signatures of a ratiomeric fluorine anion sensor: a quantum look. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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Corani A, Huijser A, Gustavsson T, Markovitsi D, Malmqvist PÅ, Pezzella A, d’Ischia M, Sundström V. Superior Photoprotective Motifs and Mechanisms in Eumelanins Uncovered. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11626-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501499q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Corani
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Annemarie Huijser
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustavsson
- CNRS, IRAMIS,
LIDYL, Laboratoire Francis Perrin, URA 2453, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dimitra Markovitsi
- CNRS, IRAMIS,
LIDYL, Laboratoire Francis Perrin, URA 2453, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Per-Åke Malmqvist
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Department
of Chemistry Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco d’Ischia
- Department
of Chemistry Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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38
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Quignard S, d'Ischia M, Chen Y, Fattaccioli J. Ultraviolet-Induced Fluorescence of Polydopamine-Coated Emulsion Droplets. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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39
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El Nahhas A, Pascher T, Leone L, Panzella L, Napolitano A, Sundström V. Photochemistry of Pheomelanin Building Blocks and Model Chromophores: Excited-State Intra- and Intermolecular Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2094-2100. [PMID: 26270498 DOI: 10.1021/jz500720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pheomelanins, the epidermal pigments of red-haired people responsible for their enhanced UV susceptibility, contain 1,4-benzothiazines and 1,3-benzothiazole as main structural components. Despite the major role played in pheomelanin phototoxicity, the photoreactivity of these species has so far remained unexplored. Static and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy was used to identify excited-state reactions of the two main pheomelanin benzothiazole building blocks, namely, the 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-1,3-benzothiazole (BT) and the 2-carboxy derivative (BTCA) together with model chromophores lacking some of the ionizable functions. The results show that in aqueous buffer solution the OH at 4-position and the benzothiazole nitrogen atom control the photochemistry of both BT and BTCA via excited-state proton transfer to solvent (ESPT) and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), while the amino acidic groups of the alanyl chain have a minor influence on the photochemistry. The ESPT and ESIPT produce several different excited-state ionic species with lifetimes ranging from ∼100 ps to ∼3 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal El Nahhas
- †Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevagen 60, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- †Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevagen 60, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Loredana Leone
- ‡Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso MS Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Panzella
- ‡Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso MS Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- ‡Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso MS Angelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Villy Sundström
- †Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevagen 60, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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40
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Pellosi MC, Suzukawa AA, Scalfo AC, Di Mascio P, Martins Pereira CP, de Souza Pinto NC, de Luna Martins D, Martinez GR. Effects of the melanin precursor 5,6-dihydroxy-indole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) on DNA damage and repair in the presence of reactive oxygen species. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 557:55-64. [PMID: 24893147 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Eumelanin is a heterogeneous polymer composed of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). Studies have shown that DHICA promotes single strand breaks in plasmid DNA exposed to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB, 313 nm) and in DNA from human keratinocytes exposed to ultraviolet A radiation (UVA, 340-400 nm). Singlet molecular oxygen ((1)O2) is the main reactive species formed by UVA radiation on the skin. In this context, we now report that DHICA can cause single strand breaks in plasmid DNA even in the absence of light radiation. Interestingly, when DHICA was pre-oxidized by (1)O2, it lost this harmful capacity. It was also found that DHICA could interact with DNA, disturbing Fpg activity and decreasing its recognition of lesions by ∼50%. Additionally, the free nucleoside deoxyguanosine (dGuo) was used to evaluate whether DHICA would interfere with the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo) and spiroiminodihydantoin (dSp) by (1)O2 or with the formation of 8-oxodGuo by hydroxyl radical (OH). We observed that when dGuo was oxidized by (1)O2 in the presence of DHICA, 8-oxodGuo formation was increased. However, when dGuo was oxidized by OH in the presence of DHICA, 8-oxodGuo levels were lower than in the absence of the precursor. Overall, our data reveal an important role for this eumelanin precursor in both the promotion and the protection of DNA damage and imply that it can impair DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Pellosi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências (Bioquímica), Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Andréia Akemi Suzukawa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências (Bioquímica), Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Glaucia Regina Martinez
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências (Bioquímica), Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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41
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Tero TR, Salorinne K, Lehtivuori H, Ihalainen JA, Nissinen M. The Structural Diversity of Benzofuran Resorcinarene Leads to Enhanced Fluorescence. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:1860-7. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Sutter JU, Birch DJS. Metal ion influence on eumelanin fluorescence and structure. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2014; 2:024005. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/2/2/024005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Roohi H, Hejazi F, Mohtamedifar N, Jahantab M. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole and its naphthalene-fused analogs: a TD-DFT quantum chemical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 118:228-238. [PMID: 24051295 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The intramolecular proton transfer reactions in 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) and its naphthalene-fused analogs, (HNB1-3) in both S0 and S1 states at the PBE1PBE/6-311++G(2d,2p) level of theory in the gas phase and water have been investigated to find the effects of extension of aromaticity on the intramolecular proton transfer and photophysical properties. The results show that the ground state intramolecular proton transfer (GSIPT) in the studied species is impossible. Excited states potential energy surface calculations support the existence of ESIPT process. Structural parameters, relative energy of isomers, H-bonding energy, adsorption and emission bands, vertical excitation and emission energies, oscillator strength, fluorescence rate constant, dipole moment, atomic charges and electron density at critical points were calculated. Orbital analysis shows that vertical S0→S1 transition in the studied molecules corresponds essentially to the excitation from HOMO (π) to LUMO (π(*)). The potential of HNB2 molecule as an emissive and electron transport material in designing improved organic white light emitting diodes is predicted in this work. Our calculations are also supported by the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Roohi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 98135-674, Rasht, Iran.
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44
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Roberts GM, Stavros VG. The role of πσ* states in the photochemistry of heteroaromatic biomolecules and their subunits: insights from gas-phase femtosecond spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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45
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da Cruz EHG, Carvalho PHPR, Corrêa JR, Silva DAC, Diogo EBT, de Souza Filho JD, Cavalcanti BC, Pessoa C, de Oliveira HCB, Guido BC, da Silva Filho DA, Neto BAD, da Silva Júnior EN. Design, synthesis and application of fluorescent 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-triazole-linked biologically active lapachone derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Laurent AD, Houari Y, Carvalho PHPR, Neto BAD, Jacquemin D. ESIPT or not ESIPT? Revisiting recent results on 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole under the TD-DFT light. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00991f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide a new interpretation of the spectroscopic signatures of an amino-substituted 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle D. Laurent
- CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Ymène Houari
- CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Pedro H. P. R. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- , Brazil
| | - Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry
- University of Brasília (IQ-UnB)
- Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro
- , Brazil
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
- Institut Universitaire de France
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47
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Panzella L, Gentile G, D'Errico G, Della Vecchia NF, Errico ME, Napolitano A, Carfagna C, d'Ischia M. Atypical Structural and π-Electron Features of a Melanin Polymer That Lead to Superior Free-Radical-Scavenging Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201305747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Panzella L, Gentile G, D'Errico G, Della Vecchia NF, Errico ME, Napolitano A, Carfagna C, d'Ischia M. Atypical structural and π-electron features of a melanin polymer that lead to superior free-radical-scavenging properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:12684-7. [PMID: 24123614 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201305747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples (Italy)
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Corani A, Pezzella A, Pascher T, Gustavsson T, Markovitsi D, Huijser A, d'Ischia M, Sundström V. Excited-State Proton-Transfer Processes of DHICA Resolved: From Sub-Picoseconds to Nanoseconds. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1383-1388. [PMID: 26282289 DOI: 10.1021/jz400437q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state proton transfer has been hypothesized as a mechanism for UV energy dissipation in eumelanin skin pigments. By using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, we show that the previously proposed, but unresolved, excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of the eumelanin building block 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) occurs with a time constant of 300 fs in aqueous solution but completely stops in methanol. The previously disputed excited-state proton transfer involving the 5- or 6-OH groups of the DHICA anion is now found to occur from the 6-OH group to aqueous solvent with a rate constant of 4.0 × 10(8) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Corani
- †Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- ‡Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Federico II Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Torbjörn Pascher
- †Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustavsson
- §Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CEA/DSM/IRAMIS/SPAM-CNRS, URA 2453, CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dimitra Markovitsi
- §Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CEA/DSM/IRAMIS/SPAM-CNRS, URA 2453, CEA/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Annemarie Huijser
- †Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco d'Ischia
- ‡Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Federico II Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Villy Sundström
- †Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Pezzella A, Capelli L, Costantini A, Luciani G, Tescione F, Silvestri B, Vitiello G, Branda F. Towards the development of a novel bioinspired functional material: Synthesis and characterization of hybrid TiO2/DHICA-melanin nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:347-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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