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Maleckis M, Wibowo M, Gren T, Jarmusch SA, Sterndorff EB, Booth T, Henriksen NNSE, Whitford CM, Jiang X, Jørgensen TS, Ding L, Weber T. Biosynthesis of the Azoxy Compound Azodyrecin from Streptomyces mirabilis P8-A2. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:641-653. [PMID: 38340355 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Azoxy compounds are a distinctive group of bioactive secondary metabolites characterized by a unique RN═N+(O-)R moiety. The azoxy moiety is present in various classes of metabolites that exhibit various biological activities. The enzymatic mechanisms underlying azoxy bond formation remain enigmatic. Azodyrecins are cytotoxic azoxy metabolites produced by Streptomyces mirabilis P8-A2. Here, we cloned and confirmed the putative azd biosynthetic gene cluster through CATCH cloning followed by expression and production of azodyrecins in two heterologous hosts, S. albidoflavus J1074 and S. coelicolor M1146, respectively. We explored the function of 14 enzymes in azodyrecin biosynthesis through gene knockout using CRISPR-Cas9 base editing in the native producer, S. mirabilis P8-A2. The key intermediates were analyzed in the mutants through MS/MS fragmentation studies, revealing azoxy bond formation via the conversion of hydrazine to an azo compound followed by further oxygenation. Enzymes involved in modifications of the precursor could be postulated based on their predicted function and the intermediates identified in the knockout strains. Moreover, the distribution of the azoxy biosynthetic gene clusters across Streptomyces spp. genomes is explored, highlighting the presence of these clusters in over 20% of the Streptomyces spp. genomes and revealing that azoxymycin and valanimycin are scarce, while azodyrecin and KA57A-like clusters are widely distributed across the phylogenetic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matiss Maleckis
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mario Wibowo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tetiana Gren
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Scott A Jarmusch
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eva B Sterndorff
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Booth
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nathalie N S E Henriksen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christopher M Whitford
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xinglin Jiang
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tue S Jørgensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tilmann Weber
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Zheng Z, Xiong J, Bu J, Ren D, Lee YH, Yeh YC, Lin CI, Parry R, Guo Y, Liu HW. Reconstitution of the Final Steps in the Biosynthesis of Valanimycin Reveals the Origin of Its Characteristic Azoxy Moiety. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315844. [PMID: 37963815 PMCID: PMC10843709 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Valanimycin is an azoxy-containing natural product isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces viridifaciens MG456-hF10. While the biosynthesis of valanimycin has been partially characterized, how the azoxy group is constructed remains obscure. Herein, the membrane protein VlmO and the putative hydrazine synthetase ForJ from the formycin biosynthetic pathway are demonstrated to catalyze N-N bond formation converting O-(l-seryl)-isobutyl hydroxylamine into N-(isobutylamino)-l-serine. Subsequent installation of the azoxy group is shown to be catalyzed by the non-heme diiron enzyme VlmB in a reaction in which the N-N single bond in the VlmO/ForJ product is oxidized by four electrons to yield the azoxy group. The catalytic cycle of VlmB appears to begin with a resting μ-oxo diferric complex in VlmB, as supported by Mössbauer spectroscopy. This study also identifies N-(isobutylamino)-d-serine as an alternative substrate for VlmB leading to two azoxy regioisomers. The reactions catalyzed by the kinase VlmJ and the lyase VlmK during the final steps of valanimycin biosynthesis are established as well. The biosynthesis of valanimycin was thus fully reconstituted in vitro using the enzymes VlmO/ForJ, VlmB, VlmJ and VlmK. Importantly, the VlmB-catalyzed reaction represents the first example of enzyme-catalyzed azoxy formation and is expected to proceed by an atypical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX-78712, USA
| | - Jin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
| | - Junling Bu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX-78712, USA
| | - Daan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX-78712, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX-78712, USA
| | - Yu-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX-78712, USA
| | - Chia-I Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX-78712, USA
| | - Ronald Parry
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX-77005, USA
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA-15213, USA
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX-78712, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX-78712, USA
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3
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Shi J, Zang X, Zhao Z, Shen Z, Li W, Zhao G, Zhou J, Du YL. Conserved Enzymatic Cascade for Bacterial Azoxy Biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27131-27139. [PMID: 38018127 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Azoxy compounds exhibit a wide array of biological activities and possess distinctive chemical properties. Although there has been considerable interest in the biosynthetic mechanisms of azoxy metabolites, the enzymatic basis responsible for azoxy bond formation has remained largely enigmatic. In this study, we unveil the enzyme cascade that constructs the azoxy bond in valanimycin biosynthesis. Our research demonstrates that a pair of metalloenzymes, comprising a membrane-bound hydrazine synthase and a nonheme diiron azoxy synthase, collaborate to convert an unstable pathway intermediate to an azoxy product through a hydrazine-azo-azoxy pathway. Additionally, by characterizing homologues of this enzyme pair from other azoxy metabolite pathways, we propose that this two-enzyme cascade could represent a conserved enzymatic strategy for azoxy bond formation in bacteria. These findings provide significant mechanistic insights into biological N-N bond formation and should facilitate the targeted isolation of bioactive azoxy compounds through genome mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Shi
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of Pharmacy of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhijie Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of Pharmacy of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuanglin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of Pharmacy of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guiyun Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of Pharmacy of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi-Ling Du
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of Pharmacy of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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4
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Cai BG, Empel C, Yao WZ, Koenigs RM, Xuan J. Azoxy Compounds-From Synthesis to Reagents for Azoxy Group Transfer Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312031. [PMID: 37772673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The azoxy functional group is an important structural motif and represents the formally oxidized counterpart of the azo group. Azoxy compounds find numerous applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to functional materials, yet their synthesis remains underdeveloped with a main focus on the formation symmetric azoxy compounds. To overcome challenges in the synthesis of such unsymmetric azoxy compounds, we designed a process employing readily accessible nitroso compounds and iminoiodinanes. This method builds on the use of visible light irradiation to generate a triplet nitrene from iminoiodinanes, which is trapped by nitroso arenes to give access to sulfonyl-protected azoxy compounds with a good substrate scope and functional group tolerance. We further describe two applications of these sulfonyl-protected azoxy compounds as radical precursors in synthesis, where the whole azoxy group can be transferred and employed in C(sp3 )-H functionalization of ethers or 1,2-difunctionalization of vinyl ethers. All of the reactions occurred at room temperature under visible light irradiation without the addition of any photoredox catalysts and additives. Control experiments, mechanism investigations, and DFT studies well explained the observed reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Gui Cai
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Claire Empel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wei-Zhong Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Rene M Koenigs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Xuan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China
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5
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Tanaka Y, Nagano H, Okano M, Kishimoto T, Tatsukawa A, Kunitake H, Fukumoto A, Anzai Y, Arakawa K. Isolation of Hydrazide-alkenes with Different Amino Acid Origins from an Azoxy-alkene-Producing Mutant of Streptomyces rochei 7434AN4. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2185-2192. [PMID: 37624992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A triple mutant (strain KA57) of Streptomyces rochei 7434AN4 produces an azoxy-alkene compound, KA57A, which was not detected in a parent strain or other single and double mutants. This strain accumulated several additional minor components, whose structures were elucidated. HPLC analysis of strain KA57 indicated the presence of two UV active components (KA57D1 and KA57D2) as minor components. They exhibited a maximum UV absorbance at 218 nm, whereas a UV absorbance of azoxy-alkene KA57A was detected at 236 nm, suggesting that both KA57D1 and KA57D2 contain a different chromophore from KA57A. KA57D1 has a molecular formula of C12H22N2O2, and NMR analysis revealed KA57D1 is a novel hydrazide-alkene compound, (Z)-N-acetyl-N'-(hex-1-en-1-yl)isobutylhydrazide. Labeling studies indicated that nitrogen Nβ of KA57D1 is derived from l-glutamic acid, and the isobutylamide unit (C-1 to C-3, 2-Me, and Nα) originates from valine. KA57D2 has a molecular formula of C13H24N2O2, and its structure was determined to be (Z)-N-acetyl-N'-(hex-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylbutanehydrazide, in which a 2-methylbutanamide unit was shown to originate from isoleucine. Different biogenesis of the Nα atom (l-serine for KA57A, l-valine for KA57D1, and l-isoleucine for KA57D2) indicates the relaxed substrate recognition for nitrogen-nitrogen bond formation in the biosyntheses of KA57A, KA57D1, and KA57D2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Haruka Nagano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Mei Okano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Takuya Kishimoto
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tatsukawa
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kunitake
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukumoto
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yojiro Anzai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Arakawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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6
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Han ZP, Wang S, Sun Q, Xu XP, Ji SJ. Synthesis of Azoxy Compounds: from Copper Compounds to Mesoporous Silica-Encaged Ultrasmall Copper Catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300477. [PMID: 37148179 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Azoxy compounds have aroused extensive attention due to their unique biological activities, but the chemical synthesis of these compounds often suffers from limitations due to their requirement for stoichiometric oxidants, high costs, and restricted substrate range. Herein, a series of azoxy compounds were constructed via facile coupling reactions by using cost-effective N-methoxyformamide and nitroso compounds over Cu-based catalysts, affording high product yields with excellent tolerance of functional groups. Significantly, the mesoporous silica nanosphere-encapsulated ultrasmall Cu (Cu@MSN) catalyst was developed via a one-pot synthetic method and first used for the synthesis of azoxy compounds. As compared with copper salt catalysts, the Cu@MSN catalyst exhibited remarkably enhanced catalytic activity and superior recycling stability. Such a Cu@MSN catalyst overcame the inherent drawbacks of low activity, fast deactivation, and difficult recycling of traditional metal salt catalysts in organic reactions. This work provides a green and efficient method for the construction of azoxy compounds and also creates new prospects for the application of nanoporous materials confined metal catalysts in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Han
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiming Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Innovation Center of Chemical Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Innovation Center of Chemical Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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7
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He X, Peng G, Luo J, Huang JP, Yang J, Yan Y, Gu YC, Wang L, Huang SX. O-Alkylazoxymycins A-F, Naturally Occurring Azoxy-Aromatic Compounds from Streptomyces sp. Py50. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:176-181. [PMID: 36634313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Six new azoxy-aromatic compounds (o-alkylazoxymycins A-F, 1-6) and two new nitrogen-bearing phenylvaleric/phenylheptanoic acid derivatives (o-alkylphemycins A and B, 7 and 8) were isolated from Streptomyces sp. Py50. Their structures were elucidated based on HRESIMS, NMR, UV spectroscopic analyses, and X-ray crystallographic data. O-Alkylazoxymycins A-F (1-6) are the first natural examples of azoxy compounds with the azoxy bond attached to the ortho-position of the phenylheptanoic acid or phenylvaleric acid moiety. Compounds 1, 5, and 6 were active against Epidermophyton floccosum with MIC50 values ranging from 10.1 to 51.2 μM. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of 2 and 3 was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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8
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Choirunnisa AR, Arima K, Abe Y, Kagaya N, Kudo K, Suenaga H, Hashimoto J, Fujie M, Satoh N, Shin-ya K, Matsuda K, Wakimoto T. New azodyrecins identified by a genome mining-directed reactivity-based screening. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1017-1025. [PMID: 36051562 PMCID: PMC9379638 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a few azoxy natural products have been identified despite their intriguing biological activities. Azodyrecins D–G, four new analogs of aliphatic azoxides, were identified from two Streptomyces species by a reactivity-based screening that targets azoxy bonds. A biological activity evaluation demonstrated that the double bond in the alkyl side chain is important for the cytotoxicity of azodyrecins. An in vitro assay elucidated the tailoring step of azodyrecin biosynthesis, which is mediated by the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase Ady1. This study paves the way for the targeted isolation of aliphatic azoxy natural products through a genome-mining approach and further investigations of their biosynthetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuga Arima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yo Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Noritaka Kagaya
- Technology Research Association for Next Generation Natural Products Chemistry, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kei Kudo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hikaru Suenaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Junko Hashimoto
- Japan Biological Informatics Consortium (JBIC), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujie
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shin-ya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Wakimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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9
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Tatsukawa A, Tanaka Y, Nagano H, Fukumoto A, Anzai Y, Arakawa K. Isolation, Biosynthetic Investigation, and Biological Evaluation of Maniwamycin G, an Azoxyalkene Compound from Streptomyces sp. TOHO-M025. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1867-1871. [PMID: 35694852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A new maniwamycin analogue, maniwamycin G, was isolated from Streptomyces sp. TOHO-M025 as a major product. Maniwamycin G has a molecular formula of C12H22N2O4, and its extensive NMR analysis revealed that maniwamycin G contains a methoxycarbonyl group instead of an amide as found in maniwamycin F. Its C-2 and C-3 configurations were determined to be (2R, 3R) by circular dichroism spectrum and a modified Mosher method, respectively. The biosynthetic origin of maniwamycin G was investigated using isotope-labeled compounds. The carbon source of maniwamycin G is four acetate units (C-1', C-2'; C-3', C-4'; C-5', C-6'; and C-4, C-5) and l-serine (C-1 to C-3). The nitrogen atom attached at C-2 (Nα) originates from serine, whereas the nitrogen atom of a hexen-1-yl amine unit (Nβ) is derived from glutamic acid. The quorum-sensing inhibitory activity of maniwamycin G was 2-fold lower than that of maniwamycin F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Tatsukawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Yu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Haruka Nagano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yojiro Anzai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Arakawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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Shi C, Xu B, Fang X, Yu X, Jin H, Wang S. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Azoxyarenes via Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenative Coupling of Anilines with Nitrosoarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University, Chashan Town Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Boxia Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University, Chashan Town Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Fang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University, Chashan Town Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University, Chashan Town Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Huile Jin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University, Chashan Town Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
| | - Shun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University, Chashan Town Wenzhou 325035 People's Republic of China
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11
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Katsuyama Y, Matsuda K. Recent advance in the biosynthesis of nitrogen–nitrogen bond–containing natural products. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 59:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Mügge C, Heine T, Baraibar AG, van Berkel WJH, Paul CE, Tischler D. Flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes: distribution and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6481-6499. [PMID: 32504128 PMCID: PMC7347517 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10705-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amino groups derived from naturally abundant amino acids or (di)amines can be used as "shuttles" in nature for oxygen transfer to provide intermediates or products comprising N-O functional groups such as N-hydroxy, oxazine, isoxazolidine, nitro, nitrone, oxime, C-, S-, or N-nitroso, and azoxy units. To this end, molecular oxygen is activated by flavin, heme, or metal cofactor-containing enzymes and transferred to initially obtain N-hydroxy compounds, which can be further functionalized. In this review, we focus on flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes, which play a major role in the production of secondary metabolites, such as siderophores or antimicrobial agents. Flavoprotein monooxygenases of higher organisms (among others, in humans) can interact with nitrogen-bearing secondary metabolites or are relevant with respect to detoxification metabolism and are thus of importance to understand potential medical applications. Many enzymes that catalyze N-hydroxylation reactions have specific substrate scopes and others are rather relaxed. The subsequent conversion towards various N-O or N-N comprising molecules is also described. Overall, flavin-dependent N-hydroxylating enzymes can accept amines, diamines, amino acids, amino sugars, and amino aromatic compounds and thus provide access to versatile families of compounds containing the N-O motif. Natural roles as well as synthetic applications are highlighted. Key points • N-O and N-N comprising natural and (semi)synthetic products are highlighted. • Flavin-based NMOs with respect to mechanism, structure, and phylogeny are reviewed. • Applications in natural product formation and synthetic approaches are provided. Graphical abstract .
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Mügge
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry and Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Alvaro Gomez Baraibar
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
- Rottendorf Pharma GmbH, Ostenfelder Str. 51-61, 59320, Ennigerloh, Germany
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, HZ 2629, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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13
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Matsuda K, Tomita T, Shin-ya K, Wakimoto T, Kuzuyama T, Nishiyama M. Discovery of Unprecedented Hydrazine-Forming Machinery in Bacteria. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9083-9086. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Matsuda
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takeo Tomita
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shin-ya
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Wakimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Kuzuyama
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishiyama
- Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Mingyar E, Novakova R, Knirschova R, Feckova L, Bekeova C, Kormanec J. Unusual features of the large linear plasmid pSA3239 from Streptomyces aureofaciens CCM 3239. Gene 2017; 642:313-323. [PMID: 29155332 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified the aur1 gene cluster, responsible for the production of the angucycline antibiotic auricin in Streptomyces aureofaciens CCM 3239. Pulse-field gel electrophoresis showed a single, 241kb linear plasmid, pSA3239, in this strain, and several approaches confirmed the presence of the aur1 cluster in this plasmid. We report here the nucleotide sequence of this 241,076-bp plasmid. pSA3239 contains an unprecedentedly small (13bp) telomeric sequence CCCGCGGAGCGGG, which is identical to the conserved Palindrome I sequence involved in the priming of end-patching replication. A bioinformatics analysis revealed 234 open reading frames with high number (28) of regulatory genes from various families. In contrast to most other linear plasmids, pSA3239 contains a pair of replication initiation genes (sa76 and sa75) located at its extreme left end, adjacent to the telomere. Together with similar proteins from several other linear plasmids (pFRL2, pSLA2-M, pSV2, pSDA1, and SAP1), they constitute a new family of replication initiation proteins. This left end also contains two genes, tpgSa and tapSa, encoding the terminal protein and the telomere associated-protein involved in telomere end-patching replication. pSA3239 also contains two genes homologous to the parAB partitioning system, and deletion of the parA homologue (sa43) affects structural stability of the plasmid. pSA3239 carries five potential secondary metabolite gene clusters. In addition to aur1 and a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) gene cluster for the blue pigment indigoidine, it also contains a partial type II polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster, a partial type I PKS gene cluster, and a NRPS/PKSI gene cluster for unknown secondary metabolites. The last gene cluster contains a subcluster of seven genes (sa91-sa97), highly similar to part of the valanimycin biosynthetic cluster vlm. A S. aureofaciens strain lacking pSA3239 was prepared. This deletion did not substantially affect growth and differentiation. A comparative analysis of secondary metabolites between both strains did not identify any product, except auricin and indigoidine, which is dependent upon pSA3239. Thus, the other three identified gene clusters are likely silent under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Mingyar
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Renata Novakova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Renata Knirschova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Lubomira Feckova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Carmen Bekeova
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Kormanec
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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15
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Waldman AJ, Ng TL, Wang P, Balskus EP. Heteroatom-Heteroatom Bond Formation in Natural Product Biosynthesis. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5784-5863. [PMID: 28375000 PMCID: PMC5534343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural products that contain functional groups with heteroatom-heteroatom linkages (X-X, where X = N, O, S, and P) are a small yet intriguing group of metabolites. The reactivity and diversity of these structural motifs has captured the interest of synthetic and biological chemists alike. Functional groups containing X-X bonds are found in all major classes of natural products and often impart significant biological activity. This review presents our current understanding of the biosynthetic logic and enzymatic chemistry involved in the construction of X-X bond containing functional groups within natural products. Elucidating and characterizing biosynthetic pathways that generate X-X bonds could both provide tools for biocatalysis and synthetic biology, as well as guide efforts to uncover new natural products containing these structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J. Waldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Tai L. Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Emily P. Balskus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
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16
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Moutiez M, Belin P, Gondry M. Aminoacyl-tRNA-Utilizing Enzymes in Natural Product Biosynthesis. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5578-5618. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Moutiez
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Belin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Gondry
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the
Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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17
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Abstract
The biosynthetic origin of a unique hydrazide moiety in the phosphonate natural product fosfazinomycin is investigated.
The biosynthetic origin of a unique hydrazide moiety in the phosphonate natural product fosfazinomycin is unknown. This study presents the activities of five proteins encoded in its gene cluster. The flavin-dependent oxygenase FzmM catalyses the oxidation of l-Asp to N-hydroxy-Asp. When FzmL is added, fumarate is produced in addition to nitrous acid. The adenylosuccinate lyase homolog FzmR eliminates acetylhydrazine from N-acetyl-hydrazinosuccinate, which in turn is the product of FzmQ-catalysed acetylation of hydrazinosuccinate. Collectively, these findings suggest a path to N-acetylhydrazine from l-Asp. The incorporation of nitrogen from l-Asp into fosfazinomycin was confirmed by isotope labelling studies. Installation of the N-terminal Val of fosfazinomycin is catalysed by FzmI in a Val-tRNA dependent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedu Huang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Kwo-Kwang Abraham Wang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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18
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Kunitake H, Hiramatsu T, Kinashi H, Arakawa K. Isolation and Biosynthesis of an Azoxyalkene Compound Produced by a Multiple Gene Disruptant ofStreptomyces rochei. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2237-43. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kunitake
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology; Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8530 Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiramatsu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology; Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8530 Japan
| | - Haruyasu Kinashi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology; Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8530 Japan
| | - Kenji Arakawa
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology; Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter; Hiroshima University; 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8530 Japan
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19
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Natural hydrazine-containing compounds: Biosynthesis, isolation, biological activities and synthesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:6529-6544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Reddy CR, Reddy SR, Naidu S. Cu(I) catalyzed dehydrogenative homo coupling of aromatic amines under simple and mild reaction conditions. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2014.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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21
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Gao J, Ju KS, Yu X, Velásquez JE, Mukherjee S, Lee J, Zhao C, Evans BS, Doroghazi JR, Metcalf WW, van der Donk WA. Use of a phosphonate methyltransferase in the identification of the fosfazinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1334-7. [PMID: 24376039 PMCID: PMC3927463 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural product discovery has been boosted by genome mining approaches, but compound purification is often still challenging. We report an enzymatic strategy for "stable isotope labeling of phosphonates in extract" (SILPE) that facilitates their purification. We used the phosphonate methyltransferase DhpI involved in dehydrophos biosynthesis to methylate a variety of phosphonate natural products in crude spent medium with a mixture of labeled and unlabeled S-adenosyl methionine. Mass-guided fractionation then allowed straightforward purification. We illustrate its utility by purifying a phosphonate that led to the identification of the fosfazinomycin biosynthetic gene cluster. This unusual natural product contains a hydrazide linker between a carboxylic acid and a phosphonic acid. Bioinformatic analysis of the gene cluster provides insights into how such a structure might be assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Gao
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West, Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Kou-San Ju
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West, Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Department of Microbiology, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Juan E. Velásquez
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600, South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Subha Mukherjee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600, South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Jaeheon Lee
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West, Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Changming Zhao
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West, Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Bradley S. Evans
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West, Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - James R. Doroghazi
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West, Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - William W. Metcalf
- Department of Microbiology, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600, South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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22
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Gao J, Ju KS, Yu X, Velásquez JE, Mukherjee S, Lee J, Zhao C, Evans BS, Doroghazi JR, Metcalf WW, van der Donk WA. Use of a Phosphonate Methyltransferase in the Identification of the Fosfazinomycin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Revisiting the biosynthesis of dehydrophos reveals a tRNA-dependent pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:10952-7. [PMID: 23776232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1303568110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive natural products containing a C-P bond act as mimics of phosphate esters and carboxylic acids, thereby competing with these compounds for active sites of enzymes. Dehydrophos (DHP), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is a phosphonotripeptide produced by Streptomyces luridus, in which glycine and leucine are linked to an aminophosphonate analog of dehydroalanine, ΔAla(P). This unique feature, in combination with the monomethylation of the phosphonic acid, renders DHP a Trojan horse type antibiotic because peptidase-mediated hydrolysis will release methyl acetylphosphonate, a potent inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Bioinformatic analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster suggested that ΔAla(P) would be generated from Ser(P), the phosphonate analog of Ser, by phosphorylation and subsequent elimination, and that ΔAla(P) would be condensed with Leu-tRNA(Leu). DhpH was anticipated to carry out this elimination/ligation cascade. DhpH is a multidomain protein, in which a pyridoxal phosphate binding domain is fused to an N-acetyltransferase domain related to the general control nonderepressible-5 (GCN5) family. In this work, the activity of DhpH was reconstituted in vitro. The enzyme was able to catalyze the β-elimination reaction of pSer(P) to generate ΔAla(P), but it was unable to condense ΔAla(P) with Leu. Instead, ΔAla(P) is hydrolyzed to acetyl phosphonate, which is converted to Ala(P) by a second pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme, DhpD. Ala(P) is the substrate for the condensation with Leu-tRNA(Leu) catalyzed by the C-terminal domain of DhpH. DhpJ, a 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent enzyme, introduces the vinyl functionality into Leu-Ala(P) acting as a desaturase, and addition of Gly by DhpK in a Gly-tRNA(Gly)-dependent manner completes the in vitro biosynthesis of dehydrophos.
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Blair LM, Sperry J. Natural products containing a nitrogen-nitrogen bond. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:794-812. [PMID: 23577871 DOI: 10.1021/np400124n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As of early 2013, over 200 natural products are known to contain a nitrogen-nitrogen (N-N) bond. This report categorizes these compounds by structural class and details their isolation and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan M Blair
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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Ding L, Ndejouong BLST, Maier A, Fiebig HH, Hertweck C. Elaiomycins D-F, antimicrobial and cytotoxic azoxides from Streptomyces sp. strain HKI0708. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:1729-1734. [PMID: 23013356 DOI: 10.1021/np300329m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Five new congeners of elaiomycin featuring the rare azoxy function were isolated from Streptomyces sp. strain HKI0708. Individual elaiomycins exhibit specific antimycobacterial, anti-Aspergillus, and cytotoxic activities, providing provisional data on structure-activity relationships. The co-occurrence of the azoxide variants indicates a biogenetic relationship that illustrates new diversification steps in elaiomycin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Use of the University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database for study of microbial degradation. MICROBIAL INFORMATICS AND EXPERIMENTATION 2012; 2:1. [PMID: 22587916 PMCID: PMC3351732 DOI: 10.1186/2042-5783-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are ubiquitous on earth and have diverse metabolic transformative capabilities important for environmental biodegradation of chemicals that helps maintain ecosystem and human health. Microbial biodegradative metabolism is the main focus of the University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database (UM-BBD). UM-BBD data has also been used to develop a computational metabolic pathway prediction system that can be applied to chemicals for which biodegradation data is currently lacking. The UM-Pathway Prediction System (UM-PPS) relies on metabolic rules that are based on organic functional groups and predicts plausible biodegradative metabolism. The predictions are useful to environmental chemists that look for metabolic intermediates, for regulators looking for potential toxic products, for microbiologists seeking to understand microbial biodegradation, and others with a wide-range of interests.
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27
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Helaly SE, Pesic A, Fiedler HP, Süssmuth RD. Elaiomycins B and C: Alkylhydrazide Antibiotics from Streptomyces sp. BK 190. Org Lett 2011; 13:1052-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol1031014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soleiman E. Helaly
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Alexander Pesic
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Hans-Peter Fiedler
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
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Francklyn CS, Minajigi A. tRNA as an active chemical scaffold for diverse chemical transformations. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:366-75. [PMID: 19925795 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During protein synthesis, tRNA serves as the intermediary between cognate amino acids and their corresponding RNA trinucleotide codons. Aminoacyl-tRNA is also a biosynthetic precursor and amino acid donor for other macromolecules. AA-tRNAs allow transformations of acidic amino acids into their amide-containing counterparts, and seryl-tRNA(Ser) donates serine for antibiotic synthesis. Aminoacyl-tRNA is also used to cross-link peptidoglycan, to lysinylate the lipid bilayer, and to allow proteolytic turnover via the N-end rule. These alternative functions may signal the use of RNA in early evolution as both a biological scaffold and a catalyst to achieve a wide variety of chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Francklyn
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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Garg RP, Parry RJ. Regulation of valanimycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces viridifaciens: characterization of VlmI as a Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein (SARP). MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 156:472-483. [PMID: 19892763 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.033167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins (SARPs) have been shown to activate transcription by binding to a tandemly arrayed set of heptameric direct repeats located around the -35 region of their cognate promoters. Experimental evidence is presented here showing that vlmI is a regulatory gene in the valanimycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces viridifaciens and encodes a protein belonging to the SARP family. The organization of the valanimycin biosynthetic gene cluster suggests that the valanimycin biosynthetic genes are located on three potential transcripts, vlmHORBCD, vlmJKL and vlmA. Disruption of vlmI abolished valanimycin biosynthesis. Western blot analyses showed that VlmR and VlmA are absent from the vlmI mutant and that the production of VlmK is severely diminished. These results demonstrate that the expression of these genes from the three potential transcripts is under the positive control of VlmI. The vlmA-vlmH and vlmI-vlmJ intergenic regions both exhibit a pattern of heptameric direct repeats. Gel shift assays with VlmI overproduced in Escherichia coli as a C-terminal FLAG-tagged protein clearly demonstrated that VlmI binds to DNA fragments from both regions that contain these heptameric repeats. When a high-copy-number vlmI expression plasmid was introduced into Streptomyces coelicolor M512, which contains mutations in the undecylprodigiosin and actinorhodin activators redD and actII-orf4, undecylprodigiosin production was restored, showing that vlmI can complement a redD mutation. Introduction of the same vlmI expression plasmid into an S. viridifaciens vlmI mutant restored valanimycin production to wild-type levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram P Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Ronald J Parry
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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