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Rabah J, Nasrallah H, Wright K, Gérard I, Fensterbank H, Bui TTV, Marrot J, Tran TT, Fatima A, Ha-Thi MH, Méallet R, Burdzinski G, Clavier G, Boujday S, Cachet H, Debiemme-Chouvy C, Maisonhaute E, Vallée A, Allard E. Clicked BODIPY-Fullerene-Peptide Assemblies: Studies of Electron Transfer Processes in Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold Surfaces. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300717. [PMID: 38406894 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Two BODIPY-C60-peptide assemblies were synthesized by CuAAC reactions of BODIPY-C60 dyads and a helical peptide functionalized with a terminal alkyne group and an azide group, respectively. The helical peptide within these assemblies was functionalized at its other end by a disulfide group, allowing formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold surfaces. Characterizations of these SAMs, as well as those of reference molecules (BODIPY-C60-alkyl, C60-peptide and BODIPY-peptide), were carried out by PM-IRRAS and cyclic voltammetry. BODIPY-C60-peptide SAMs are more densely packed than BODIPY-C60-alkyl and BODIPY-peptide based SAMs. These findings were attributed to the rigid peptide helical conformation along with peptide-peptide and C60-C60 interactions within the monolayers. However, less dense monolayers were obtained with the target assemblies compared to the C60-peptide, as the BODIPY entity likely disrupts organization within the monolayers. Finally, electron transfer kinetics measurements by ultra-fast electrochemistry experiments demonstrated that the helical peptide is a better electron mediator in comparison to alkyl chains. This property was exploited along with those of the BODIPY-C60 dyads in a photo-current generation experiment by converting the resulting excited and/or charge separated states from photo-illumination of the dyad into electrical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Rabah
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Houssein Nasrallah
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Karen Wright
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Gérard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Hélène Fensterbank
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Thi-Tuyet-Van Bui
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Jérôme Marrot
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Thu-Trang Tran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Anam Fatima
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Minh-Huong Ha-Thi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Rachel Méallet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Gotard Burdzinski
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Faculty of Physics Poznań, PL-61614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Gilles Clavier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Souhir Boujday
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Cachet
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Debiemme-Chouvy
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Maisonhaute
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Vallée
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Allard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, 78000, Versailles, France
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2
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Knoll S, Zens C, Maisuradze T, Schmidt H, Kupfer S, Zedler L, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Streb C. Light-Induced Charge Separation in Covalently Linked BODIPY-Quinone-Alkyne Dyads. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303250. [PMID: 38411403 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Visible light-induced charge separation and directional charge transfer are cornerstones for artificial photosynthesis and the generation of solar fuels. Here, we report synthetic access to a series of noble metal-free donor-acceptor dyads based on bodipy light-absorbers and redox-active quinone/anthraquinone charge storage sites. Peripheral functionalization of the quinone/anthraquinone units with alkynes primes the dyads for integration into a range of light-harvesting systems, e. g., by Cu-catalyzed cycloadditions (CLICK chemistry) or Pd-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling reactions. Initial photophysical, electrochemical and theoretical analyses reveal the principal processes during the light-induced charge separation in the reported dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Knoll
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clara Zens
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tamar Maisuradze
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiner Schmidt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Linda Zedler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Joseph J, Lourenço LMO, Tomé JPC, Torres T, Guldi DM. Unique multiphthalocyanine coordination systems: vibrationally hot excited states and charge transfer states that power high energy triplet charge separated states. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:13155-13165. [PMID: 36048027 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the molecular architecture of well-organized organic building blocks and linking their functionalities with the impact of solar-light converting systems constitutes a grand challenge in materials science. Strong absorption cross-sections across the visible range of the solar spectrum as well as a finely balanced energy- and redox-gradient are all important features that pave the way for either funneling excited state energy or transducing charges. In light of this, we used thiopyridyl-phthalocyanines (PcSPy) and ruthenium (tert-butyl)-phthalocyanines (RuPc) as versatile building blocks and demonstrated the realization of a family of multi-functional PcSPy-RuPc 1-4 by means of axial coordination. Sizeable electronic couplings between the electron donors and acceptors in PcSPy-RuPc 1-4 govern ground-state as well as excited-state reactivity. Time-resolved techniques, in general, and fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, in particular, helped to corroborate a rapid charge separation next to a slow charge recombination. Key to these charge transfer characteristics are higher lying, vibrationally hot states of the singlet excited states in parallel with a charge transfer state and the presence of several heavy atom effects that are provided by ruthenium and sulfur. As such, our advanced investigations confirm that rapid charge separation evolves from both higher lying, vibrationally hot states as well as from a charge transfer state, populating charge separated states, whose energies exceed those of the singlet excited states. Charge recombination involves triplet rather than singlet charge separated states, which delays the charge recombination by one order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Leandro M O Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João P C Tomé
- CQE, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday, 9, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Pochkaeva EI, Podolsky NE, Zakusilo DN, Petrov AV, Charykov NA, Vlasov TD, Penkova AV, Vasina LV, Murin IV, Sharoyko VV, Semenov KN. Fullerene derivatives with amino acids, peptides and proteins: From synthesis to biomedical application. PROG SOLID STATE CH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2019.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Nasrallah H, Rabah J, Bui-Thi-Tuyet V, Baczko K, Fensterbank H, Bourdreux F, Goncalves AM, Declerck V, Boujday S, Humblot V, Wright K, Vallée A, Allard E. A fullerene helical peptide: synthesis, characterization and formation of self-assembled monolayers on gold surfaces. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04599b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A helical C60-peptide allowed the formation of well-packed SAMs compared to a C60-alkyl peptide, which was determined by QCM and CV experiments.
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6
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Han P, Guo R, Wang Y, Yao L, Liu C. Bidirectional Electron-Transfer in Polypeptides with Various Secondary Structures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16445. [PMID: 29180651 PMCID: PMC5703997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein-mediated bidirectional electron transfer (ET) is the foundation of protein molecular wire, and plays an important role in the rapid detection of oxo-guanine-adenine DNA mismatches by MutY glycosylase. However, the influences of structural transitions on bidirectional ET are still not clear. In this work, the modified through-bond coupling (MTBC) model was further refined to correlate the structural transition and ET rate more quantitatively. With this model, various polyglycine structures (310-helix, α-helix, β-sheets, linear, polyproline helical I and II) were studied to explore the influences of structural transitions on bidirectional ET. It was found that the HOMO-LUMO gaps (ΔE) in CN (from the carboxyl to amino terminus) direction are much lower than that in opposite direction, except for polypro I. However, with the equal tunneling energy, the differences between bidirectional ET rates are slight for all structures. In structural transitions, we found that the ET rates are not only affected by the Ramachandran angles, but also correlated to the alignment of C = O vectors, the alignment of peptide planes and the rearrangement of other structure factors. The detailed information can be used to rationalize the inhomogeneous ET across different protein structures and design more efficient protein molecular wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Han
- Department of Neurology, Haici Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyou Guo
- Department of Neurology, Haici Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266033, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yefei Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, P.R. China.
| | - Lishan Yao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, Shandong, China
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7
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Lebedeva MA, Chamberlain TW, Scattergood PA, Delor M, Sazanovich IV, Davies ES, Suyetin M, Besley E, Schröder M, Weinstein JA, Khlobystov AN. Stabilising the lowest energy charge-separated state in a {metal chromophore - fullerene} assembly: a tuneable panchromatic absorbing donor-acceptor triad. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5908-5921. [PMID: 30034733 PMCID: PMC6024556 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04271b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreduction of fullerene and the consequent stabilisation of a charge-separated state in a donor-acceptor assembly have been achieved, overcoming the common problem of a fullerene-based triplet state being an energy sink that prevents charge-separation. A route to incorporate a C60-fullerene electron acceptor moiety into a catecholate-Pt(ii)-diimine photoactive dyad, which contains an unusually strong electron donor, 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate, has been developed. The synthetic methodology is based on the formation of the aldehyde functionalised bipyridine-Pt(ii)-3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol dyad which is then added to the fullerene cage via a Prato cycloaddition reaction. The resultant product is the first example of a fullerene-diimine-Pt-catecholate donor-acceptor triad, C60bpy-Pt-cat. The triad exhibits an intense solvatochromic absorption band in the visible region due to catechol-to-diimine charge-transfer, which, together with fullerene-based transitions, provides efficient and tuneable light harvesting of the majority of the UV/visible spectral range. Cyclic voltammetry, EPR and UV/vis/IR spectroelectrochemistry reveal redox behaviour with a wealth of reversible reduction and oxidation processes forming multiply charged species and storing multiple redox equivalents. Ultrafast transient absorption and time resolved infrared spectroscopy, supported by molecular modelling, reveal the formation of a charge-separated state [C60˙-bpy-Pt-cat˙+] with a lifetime of ∼890 ps. The formation of cat˙+ in the excited state is evidenced directly by characteristic absorption bands in the 400-500 nm region, while the formation of C60˙- was confirmed directly by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, TRIR. An IR-spectroelectrochemical study of the mono-reduced building block (C60-bpy)PtCl2, revealed a characteristic C60˙- vibrational feature at 1530 cm-1, which was also detected in the TRIR spectra. This combination of experiments offers the first direct IR-identification of C60˙- species in solution, and paves the way towards the application of transient infrared spectroscopy to the study of light-induced charge-separation in C60-containing assemblies, as well as fullerene films and fullerene/polymer blends in various OPV devices. Identification of the unique vibrational signature of a C60-anion provides a new way to follow photoinduced processes in fullerene-containing assemblies by means of time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy, as demonstrated for the fullerene-transition metal chromophore assembly with the lowest energy charge-separated excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Lebedeva
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3PS , UK .
| | - Thomas W Chamberlain
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | | | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
| | - Igor V Sazanovich
- Department of Chemistry , University of Sheffield , S3 7HF , UK .
- Laser for Science Facility , Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Oxfordshire , OX11 0QX , UK
| | - E Stephen Davies
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Mikhail Suyetin
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Elena Besley
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Martin Schröder
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | | | - Andrei N Khlobystov
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
- Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK
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8
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Barthelmes K, Winter A, Schubert US. Hybrid materials based on ruthenium and fullerene assemblies. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14855-82. [PMID: 27559934 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a detailed overview about the synthesis, properties and applications of all ruthenium-fullerene compounds reported within the last 25 years. The incorporation of ruthenium centers into fullerene compounds by organometallic, covalent or non-covalent bonds has led to a broad range of useful hybrid materials. By this approach novel compounds could be generated that feature the electron-donating and electron-accepting character of ruthenium complexes and fullerenes, respectively. Intramolecular interactions between both units could result in new, combined properties that were studied in the spotlight of emerging applications, such as photovoltaics or catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Barthelmes
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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9
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Ogi S, Stepanenko V, Thein J, Würthner F. Impact of Alkyl Spacer Length on Aggregation Pathways in Kinetically Controlled Supramolecular Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:670-8. [PMID: 26699283 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b11674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the kinetic and thermodynamic supramolecular polymerizations of a series of amide-functionalized perylene bisimide (PBI) organogelator molecules bearing alkyl spacers of varied lengths (ethylene to pentylene chains, PBI-1-C2 to PBI-1-C5) between the amide and PBI imide groups. These amide-functionalized PBIs form one-dimensional fibrous nanostructures as the thermodynamically favored states in solvents of low polarity. Our in-depth studies revealed, however, that the kinetic behavior of their supramolecular polymerization is dependent on the spacer length. Propylene- and pentylene-tethered PBIs follow a similar polymerization process as previously observed for the ethylene-tethered PBI. Thus, the monomers of these PBIs are kinetically trapped in conformationally restricted states through intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amide and imide groups. In contrast, the intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded monomers of butylene-tethered PBI spontaneously self-assemble into nanoparticles, which constitute an off-pathway aggregate state with regard to the thermodynamically stable fibrous supramolecular polymers obtained. Thus, for this class of π-conjugated system, an unprecedented off-pathway aggregate with high kinetic stability could be realized for the first time by introducing an alkyl linker of optimum length (C4 chain) between the amide and imide groups. Our current system with an energy landscape of two competing nucleated aggregation pathways is applicable to the kinetic control over the supramolecular polymerization by the seeding approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Ogi
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Thein
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg , Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Barthelmes K, Kübel J, Winter A, Wächtler M, Friebe C, Dietzek B, Schubert US. New ruthenium bis(terpyridine) methanofullerene and pyrrolidinofullerene complexes: synthesis and electrochemical and photophysical properties. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3159-71. [PMID: 25763462 DOI: 10.1021/ic502431x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of terpyridine (tpy) methanofullerene and pyrrolidinofullerene dyads linked via p-phenylene or p-phenyleneethynylenephenylene (PEP) units is presented. The coordination to ruthenium(II) yields donor-bridge-acceptor assemblies with different lengths. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis and luminescence spectroscopy are applied to study the electronic interactions between the active moieties. It is shown that, upon light excitation of the ruthenium(II)-based (1)MLCT transition, the formed (3)MLCT state is readily quenched in the presence of C60. The photoinduced dynamics have been studied by transient absorption spectroscopy, which reveals fast depopulation of the (3)MLCT (73-406 ps). As a consequence, energy transfer occurs, populating a long-lived triplet state, which could be assigned to the (3)C60* state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Barthelmes
- †Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,‡Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Joachim Kübel
- §Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,∥Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V. (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- †Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,‡Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- §Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,∥Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V. (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Friebe
- †Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,‡Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- ‡Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.,§Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany.,∥Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V. (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- †Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.,‡Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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11
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Walsh EA, Deye JR, Baas W, Sullivan K, Lancaster A, Walters KA. Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of transition-metal fullerene supramolecular systems. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Nikolaev DN, Klimenicheva YS, Davidovich PB, Piotrovskii LB. The use of solid phase synthesis for the preparation of monoadducts of fullerene C60. Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Ikeda A, Hirata A, Ishikawa M, Kikuchi JI, Mieda S, Shinoda W. Effect of different substituents on the water-solubility and stability properties of 1 : 2 [60]fullerene derivative·gamma-cyclodextrin complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7843-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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14
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Garbuio L, Antonello S, Guryanov I, Li Y, Ruzzi M, Turro NJ, Maran F. Effect of Orientation of the Peptide-Bridge Dipole Moment on the Properties of Fullerene–Peptide–Radical Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10628-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ja303696s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Garbuio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Sabrina Antonello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Ivan Guryanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Marco Ruzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
| | - Nicholas J. Turro
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova,
Italy
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15
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Hanss D, Freys JC, Bernardinelli G, Wenger OS. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes as Photosensitizers for Long-Range Electron Transfer: Occurrence of a Coulomb Barrier. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Karlsson S, Modin J, Becker HC, Hammarström L, Grennberg H. How Close Can You Get? Studies of Ultrafast Light-Induced Processes in Ruthenium-[60] Fullerene Dyads with Short Pyrazolino and Pyrrolidino Links. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7286-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800168d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Karlsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE- 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Judit Modin
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE- 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans-Christian Becker
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE- 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE- 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Grennberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE- 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Pérez L, Shafiqul Islam DM, Araki Y, de la Cruz P, Cardinali F, Ito O, Langa F. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Branched Bis(ferrocenylacetylene)-C60Systems: Influence of the Nature of Conjugation. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Listorti A, Accorsi G, Rio Y, Armaroli N, Moudam O, Gégout A, Delavaux-Nicot B, Holler M, Nierengarten JF. Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes coupled with methano[60]fullerene: synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysics. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:6254-61. [PMID: 18578489 DOI: 10.1021/ic800315e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic copper(I) complexes CuPOP-F and CuFc-F have been prepared from a fullerene-substituted phenanthroline ligand and bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (POP) and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppFc), respectively. Electrochemical studies indicate that some ground-state electronic interaction between the fullerene subunit and the metal-complexed moiety are present in both CuPOP-F and CuFc-F. Their photophysical properties have been investigated by steady state and time-resolved UV-vis-NIR luminescence spectroscopy and nanosecond laser flash photolysis in a CH2Cl2 solution and compared to those of the corresponding model copper(I) complexes CuPOP and CuFc and of the fullerene model compound F. Selective excitation of the methanofullerene moiety in CuPOP-F results in regular deactivation of the lowest singlet and triplet states, indicating no intercomponent interactions. Conversely, excitation of the copper(I)-complexed unit (405 nm, 40% selectivity) shows that the strongly luminescent triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer ((3)MLCT) excited state located at 2.40 eV is quenched by the carbon sphere with a rate constant of 1.6 x 10(8) s(-1). Details on the mechanism of photodynamic processes in CuPOP-F via transient absorption are hampered by the rather unfavorable partition of light excitation between the two chromophores. By determination of the yield of formation of the lowest fullerene triplet level through sensitized singlet oxygen luminescence in the NIR region, it is shown that the final sink of photoinduced processes is always the fullerene triplet. This can be populated via a two-step charge-separation charge-recombination process and a less favored (3)MLCT --> (3)C60 triplet-triplet energy-transfer pathway. In CuFc-F, both of the photoexcited copper(I)-complexed and fullerene moieties are quenched by the presence of the ferrocene unit, most likely via ultrafast energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Listorti
- Molecular Photoscience Group, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Fujii S, Morita T, Kimura S. Photoinduced electron transfer in thin layers composed of fullerene-cyclic peptide conjugate and pyrene derivative. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:5608-5614. [PMID: 18419146 DOI: 10.1021/la800269w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A bilayer structure was constructed on gold by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of a fullerene (C 60)-cyclic peptide-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugate and thereafter a pyrene derivative from the air/water interface. The cyclic peptide moiety acts as a scaffold to prevent the fullerenes from self-aggregation and accordingly makes the monolayer homogeneous and stable. In addition to this gold/C 60-cyclic peptide-PEG/pyrene bilayer, a pyrene monolayer, a gold/C 60-PEG conjugate/pyrene bilayer (lacking the peptide scaffold), and a gold/pyrene/C 60-cyclic peptide-PEG bilayer (with the opposite order of layers) were also prepared, and their anodic photocurrent generation were studied in an aqueous solution containing a sacrifice electron donor. The most efficient photocurrent generation was observed in the gold/C 60-cyclic peptide-PEG/pyrene bilayer. It is considered that the C 60 unit acts not only as sensitizer but also as an electron acceptor facilitating the electron transfer from the excited pyrene unit to gold, and that the fullerene layer suppresses quenching of the excited pyrene unit by energy transfer to gold. Furthermore, the cyclic peptide scaffold helps the fullerenes disperse without aggregation in the membrane and seems to protect their redox properties or inhibit self-quenching of their excited state. It is thus concluded that a bilayer structure with desired orientation of functional units is important for efficient photoinduced electron transfer and that a cyclic peptide scaffold is useful to locate hydrophobic functional groups properly in a thin layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekatsu Fujii
- Department of Material Chemsitry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Deye JR, Shiveley AN, Oehrle SA, Walters KA. Separation of substituted fullerenes using non-aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1181:159-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Zhou G, He J, Harruna II, Geckeler KE. Fullerene and ruthenium dual end-functionalized thermosensitive polymers: synthesis, characterization, electrochemical properties, and self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b805449e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Gao X, Tang S, Zhou W. Long-range electron transfer across peptide chains with different secondary structures. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Oswald F, Islam DMS, Araki Y, Troiani V, de la Cruz P, Moreno A, Ito O, Langa F. Synthesis and Photoinduced Intramolecular Processes of Fulleropyrrolidine–Oligothienylenevinylene–Ferrocene Triads. Chemistry 2007; 13:3924-33. [PMID: 17295368 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Two new triads based on N-methylfulleropyrolidine, oligothienylenevinylenes (nTV) and ferrocene (Fc), namely C(60)-nTV-Fc (n=2, 4) have been synthesized. A HOMO-LUMO gap as low as 1.09-1.11 eV was experimentally determined by cyclic voltammetry. In both polar and nonpolar solvents, photoinduced charge-separation (CS) processes in C(60)-nTV-Fc predominantly take place from the singlet excited states of C(60) and nTV; this result was indicated by steady and time-resolved emission spectroscopy. In the case of C(60)-4TV-Fc, the CS state was indicated by the nanosecond transient absorption spectra. In C(60)-2TV-Fc, although the CS process was also confirmed by the fluorescence quenching in nonpolar and polar solvents, the lifetimes of the CS states were shorter than those of C(60)-4TV-Fc. It was revealed that the introduction of Fc donor moiety at the end of the longer nTV chain in the C(60)-nTV dyad systems effectively increases the CS efficiency and the lifetimes of CS states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Oswald
- Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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24
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Bulgakov RG, Galimov DI. Fullerene C60 as a superefficient quencher of singlet exited states of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Russ Chem Bull 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-007-0072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Deuk Lee H, Keun Oh S, Soo Choi C, Kay K. A Novel Amphiphilic Re
I
Complex with Bis(fullerene)‐Substituted Bipyridine Ligands: Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Langmuir Film. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hwi Deuk Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443‐749, South Korea, Fax: +82‐31‐219‐1615
| | - Sang Keun Oh
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443‐749, South Korea, Fax: +82‐31‐219‐1615
| | - Chan Soo Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Daejeon University, Daejeon 300‐716, South Korea
| | - Kwang‐Yol Kay
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 443‐749, South Korea, Fax: +82‐31‐219‐1615
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26
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Fujitsuka M, Makinoshima T, Takamizawa A, Araki Y, Ito O, Obara Y, Aso Y, Otsubo T. Photoinduced Charge-Separation and Charge-Recombination Processes of Oligo(thienyleneethynyl)–Fullerene Dyad Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Long-range electron and charge transfers in peptide bridging phthalimide and methyl aminoacetate radical systems: Super-exchange and hopping mechanisms. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Bulgakov RG, Galimov DI, Ponomareva YG, Nevyadovskii EY, Gainetdinov RK. Quenching of electronically excited Ln3+* ions by C60 fullerene. Russ Chem Bull 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of a series of transition metal complexes with amino- or bis(bromomethyl)-substituted dppz-ligands: Building blocks for fullerene-based donor–bridge–acceptor dyads. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Gao X, Zhou W, Zhang W. Theoretical study of long range electron transfer in Phthalimide–Peptide–Methyl Aminoacetate Model molecules. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Possamai G, Menna E, Maggini M, Carano M, Marcaccio M, Paolucci F, Guldi DM, Swartz A. Rhenium(i) and ruthenium(ii) complexes with a crown-linked methanofullerene ligand: synthesis, electrochemistry and photophysical characterization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2006; 5:1154-64. [PMID: 17136282 DOI: 10.1039/b610811c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cyclopropanation reaction has been used to prepare two methanofullerenes bearing a 2,2'-bipyridine () or pyridine () ligand separated from the fullerene through an oxyethylene macrocyclic spacer. Derivatives and were, in turn, employed to synthesize two fullerene-based ruthenium(ii) and rhenium(i) donor-acceptor dyads whose molecular structure was confirmed by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and exact mass determination. The UV-Vis spectrum of the dyads is the superimposition of those of appropriate model systems, indicating that ground-state electronic interactions between the constituent chromophores, in solution, are negligible, in line also with the electrochemical results. The complex voltammetric pattern was characterized by the superimposition of signals attributed to one moiety or another without significant shifts with respect to their models. Furthermore, both species undergo partial chemical degradation in the time scale of cyclic voltammetry upon their multiple reduction. Photophysical properties of and , namely, excited state interactions between the ruthenium(ii) or rhenium(i) complexes and [60]fullerene have been investigated by steady-state and time-resolved UV-Vis-NIR luminescence spectroscopy that was complemented by nanosecond laser flash photolysis in CH(2)Cl(2) solutions. All experimental findings were set into relation with the corresponding reference compounds. More precisely, excitation of the metal complexes in and gives rise to a notable steady-state and time-resolved luminescence quenching of both metal to ligand charge transfer states (i.e., [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) and [(bpy)Re(CO)(3)(py)](+)). Conclusive evidence about the nature of the photoproducts came from nanosecond laser flash photolysis. In these experiments, only the long-lived and oxygen-sensitive [60]fullerene triplets were detected. Two pathways are envisioned for this [60]fullerene triplet formation. Firstly, intramolecular transduction of the triplet excited state energy evolving from the photoexcited metal complexes. Secondly, intersystem crossing of directly excited [60]fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Possamai
- Unità INSTM, sezione di Padova, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy
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32
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Chopin S, Cousseau J, Levillain E, Rovira C, Veciana J, Sandanayaka ASD, Araki Y, Ito O. [60]Fullerene–perchlorotriphenylmethide anion triads. Synthesis and study of photoinduced intramolecular electron-transfer processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b514882k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Sandanayaka ASD, Ikeshita KI, Rajkumar GA, Furusho Y, Araki Y, Takata T, Ito O. Photoinduced Intramolecular Electron-Transfer Processes in [60]Fullerene and N,N-Bis(biphenyl)aniline Molecular Systems in Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:8088-95. [PMID: 16834194 DOI: 10.1021/jp052063f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced intramolecular charge-separation and charge-recombination processes in covalently connected C(60)-(spacer)-bis(biphenyl)aniline (C(60)-sp-BBA) and C(60)-((spacer)-bis(biphenyl)aniline)(2) (C(60)-(sp-BBA)(2)) have been studied by time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption methods. Since a flexible alkylthioacetoamide chain was employed as the spacer, the folded structures in which the BBA moiety approaches the C(60) moiety were obtained as optimized structures by molecular orbital calculations. The observed low fluorescence intensity and the short fluorescence lifetime of the C(60) moiety of these molecular systems indicated that charge separation takes place via the excited singlet state of the C(60) moiety in a quite fast rate and high efficiency even in the nonpolar solvent toluene, which was a quite new observation compared with reported dyads with different spacers. From the absorption bands at 880 and 1000 nm in the nanosecond transient absorption spectra, generations of C(60)(.-)-sp-BBA(.+) and C(60)(.-)-(sp-BBA(.+))(sp-BBA) were confirmed. The rates of charge separation and charge recombination for C(60)-(sp-BBA)(2) are faster than those for C(60)-sp-BBA, suggesting that one of the BBA moieties approaches the C(60) moiety by pushing another BBA moiety because of the flexible spacers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atula S D Sandanayaka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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34
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Mishra L, Yadaw AK, Bhattacharya S, Dubey SK. Mixed-ligand Ru(II) complexes with 2,2′-bipyridine and aryldiazo-β-diketonato auxillary ligands: Synthesis, physico-chemical study and antitumour properties. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:1113-8. [PMID: 15833334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2004] [Revised: 12/16/2004] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The complexes of Ru(II)-2,2'-bipyridyl with substituted diazopentane-2,4-diones (L1H-L5H) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, conductance, FAB (fast atom bombardment) mass and spectral (IR, UV/Vis (UV/visible), NMR) studies. Molecular geometry optimization of the complexes was also made. None of the complexes luminesce. However, facilitated oxidation of Ru(II) to Ru(III) was evidenced from their lower reduction potential data. The ligands and their complexes were tested for their antitumour activity against a variety of tumour cell lines. Though activity is found to vary with the type of tumour cell lines used, yet complex 5 with naphtyldiazopentane-2,4-dione as co-ligand was found to be a potential compound as it showed in general significant activity against all cell lines studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lallan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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35
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An amphiphilic C60 derivative with a tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) polar head group: synthesis and incorporation in Langmuir films. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Rajkumar GA, Sandanayaka ASD, Ikeshita KI, Itou M, Araki Y, Furusho Y, Kihara N, Ito O, Takata T. Photoinduced Intramolecular Electron-Transfer Processes in [60]Fullerene-(Spacer)-N,N-Bis(biphenylyl)aniline Dyad in Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:2428-35. [PMID: 16833542 DOI: 10.1021/jp046879c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular photoinduced charge-separation and charge-recombination processes in a covalently connected C60-(spacer)-N,N-bis(biphenylyl)aniline (C60-spacer-BBA) dyad, in which the center-to-center distance of the electron acceptor and electron donor is 15 A, have been studied by time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption methods. The observed low fluorescence intensity and the short fluorescence lifetime of the C60 moiety of the dyad in PhCN and THF indicate that charge separation takes place via the excited singlet state of the C60 moiety at a quite fast rate and a high efficiency. The nanosecond transient absorption spectra in PhCN and THF showed the broad absorption bands at 880 and 1100 nm, which were attributed to C60(*-)-spacer-BBA(*+). The charge-separated state decays with a lifetime of 330-360 ns in PhCN and THF at room temperature. From temperature dependence of the charge-recombination rate constants, the reorganization energy was evaluated to be 0.77-0.87 eV, which indicates that the charge-recombination process is in the inverted region of the Marcus parabola. With lowering temperature, the contribution of charge separation via the excited triplet state of the C60 moiety increases due to an increase in solvation of C60(*-)-spacer-BBA(*+).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Abraham Rajkumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai-shi, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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37
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38
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Marcos Ramos A, Meskers SCJ, Beckers EHA, Prince RB, Brunsveld L, Janssen RAJ. Supramolecular Control over Donor−Acceptor Photoinduced Charge Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:9630-44. [PMID: 15291567 DOI: 10.1021/ja0390909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel donor-bridge-acceptor system has been synthesized by covalently linking a p-phenylene vinylene oligomer (OPV) and a perylene diimid (PERY) at opposite ends of a m-phenylene ethynylene oligomer (FOLD) of twelve phenyl rings, containing nonpolar (S)-3,7-dimethyl-1-octanoxy side chains. For comparison, model compounds have been prepared in which either the donor or acceptor is absent. In chloroform, the oligomeric bridge is in a random coil conformation. Upon addition of an apolar solvent (heptane) the oligomeric bridge first folds into a helical stack and subsequently intermolecular self-assembly of the stacks into columnar architectures occurs. Photoexcitation in the random coil conformation, where the interaction between the donor and acceptor chromophores is small, results only in long-range intramolecular energy transfer in which the OPV singlet-excited state is transformed into the PERY singlet-excited state. In the folded conformation of the bridge, donor and acceptor are closer and their enhanced interaction favors the formation the OPV(*)(+)-FOLD-PERY(*)(-) charge-separated state upon photoexcitation. As a result, the extent of photoinduced charge separation depends on the degree of folding of the bridge between donor and acceptor and therefore on the apolar nature of the medium. As a consequence, and contrary to conventional photoinduced charge separation processes, the formation of the OPV(*)(+)-FOLD-PERY(*)(-) charge-separated state is more favored in apolar media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Marcos Ramos
- Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Nakamura T, Fujitsuka M, Araki Y, Ito O, Ikemoto J, Takimiya K, Aso Y, Otsubo T. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Porphyrin-Oligothiophene-Fullerene Linked Triads by Excitation of a Porphyrin Moiety. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049122u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Junya Ikemoto
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Otsubo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and the Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
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40
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Toniolo C, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Peggion C, Broxterman QB, Kaptein B. Molecular spacers for physicochemical investigations based on novel helical and extended peptide structures. Biopolymers 2004; 76:162-76. [PMID: 15054896 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A proper understanding of the detailed nature and mechanism of physicochemical interactions depends heavily upon our ability to design and synthesize conformationally constrained 3D structures whose intercomponent geometry (either rigorously rigid or able to undergo destructuration, if required, but in all cases precisely tunable) would be well defined. To this end we have recently reported a few initial studies and we are currently working on the exploitation of stable, short, helical peptide spacers based on achiral and/or chiral Calpha-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acids. These building blocks are known to force the peptides either to predominantly fold into a 3(10)-helical structure or to adopt a fully extended, planar 2.0(5)-helix. The systems under investigation involve a donor and an acceptor moiety linked to the N- and C-termini of the oligopeptide spacer main chain. By increasing the number of intervening residues the donor.acceptor separation can be easily modulated. This review highlights details of these two novel peptide secondary structures and their use as molecular spacers in physicochemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Toniolo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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41
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Makinoshima T, Fujitsuka M, Sasaki M, Araki Y, Ito O, Ito S, Morita N. Competition between Intramolecular Electron-Transfer and Energy-Transfer Processes in Photoexcited Azulene−C60 Dyad. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0342428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Makinoshima
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mikio Sasaki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shunji Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Noboru Morita
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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42
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Yamanaka KI, Fujitsuka M, Araki Y, Ito O, Aoshima T, Fukushima T, Miyashi T. Intramolecular Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Processes in Tetrathienylethylene−Quaterthiophene−[60]Fullerene Triad in Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036932h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Yamanaka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8587, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8587, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8587, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8587, Japan
| | - Toshihide Aoshima
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8587, Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8587, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Miyashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology, Katahira, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8587, Japan
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43
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Formaggio F, Crisma M, Toniolo C, Broxterman QB, Kaptein B, Corbier C, Saviano M, Palladino P, Benedetti E. Cα-Methyl, Cα-n-Propylglycine Homo-oligomers. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030327v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Corbier
- Laboratory of Crystallography, ESA 7036, Université Henry Poincaré−Nancy I, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Oancea S, Formaggio F, Campestrini S, Broxterman QB, Kaptein B, Toniolo C. Distance dependency of exciton coupled circular dichroism using turn and helical peptide spacers. Biopolymers 2003; 72:105-15. [PMID: 12583013 DOI: 10.1002/bip.10315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins are promising chromophores for the investigation of the still unexplored area of 3-dimensional structural studies of proteins by using the exciton coupled circular dichroism (CD) method. The synthesis, conformational characterization by FTIR absorption and (1)H-NMR, and CD properties are described for a model bis-porphyrin system based on homooligo-[L-(alphaMe)Val](n) peptides as rigid spacers. In particular, the coupled CD phenomenon is experimentally detected, the intensity of which is modulated by the interchromophoric distance. These results extend and integrate those already reported with steroid, dimeric steroid, and brevetoxin bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Oancea
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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45
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Imahori H, Mori Y, Matano Y. Nanostructured artificial photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(03)00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Fujitsuka M, Tsuboya N, Hamasaki R, Ito M, Onodera S, Ito O, Yamamoto Y. Solvent Polarity Dependence of Photoinduced Charge Separation and Recombination Processes of Ferrocene−C60Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027122t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Cardinali F, Nierengarten JF. Synthesis of a new C60-substituted tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Fujitsuka M, Ito O, Dragoe N, Ito S, Shimotani H, Takagi H, Kitazawa K. Photophysical and Photochemical Processes of an Unsymmetrical Fullerene Dimer, C121. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025592h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fujitsuka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Nita Dragoe
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seitaro Ito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Shimotani
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takagi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Koichi Kitazawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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49
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Synthesis and optical properties of metal-centered dimeric fullerene macromolecules. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Imahori H, Tamaki K, Araki Y, Sekiguchi Y, Ito O, Sakata Y, Fukuzumi S. Stepwise charge separation and charge recombination in ferrocene-meso,meso-linked porphyrin dimer-fullerene triad. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:5165-74. [PMID: 11982381 DOI: 10.1021/ja016655x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A meso,meso-linked porphyrin dimer [(ZnP)(2)] as a light-harvesting chromophore has been incorporated into a photosynthetic multistep electron-transfer model for the first time, including ferrocene (Fc), as an electron donor and fullerene (C(60)) as an electron acceptor to construct the ferrocene-meso,meso-linked porphyrin dimer-fullerene system (Fc-(ZnP)(2)-C(60)). Photoirradiation of Fc-(ZnP)(2)-C(60) results in photoinduced electron transfer from the singlet excited state of the porphyrin dimer [(1)(ZnP)(2)] to the C(60) moiety to produce the porphyrin dimer radical cation-C(60) radical anion pair, Fc-(ZnP)(2)(*+)-C(60)(*-). In competition with the back electron transfer from C(60)(*-) to (ZnP)(2)(*+) to the ground state, an electron transfer from Fc to (ZnP)(2)(*+) occurs to give the final charge-separated (CS) state, that is, Fc(+)-(ZnP)(2)-C(60)(*-), which is detected as the transient absorption spectra by the laser flash photolysis. The quantum yield of formation of the final CS state is determined as 0.80 in benzonitrile. The final CS state decays obeying first-order kinetics with a lifetime of 19 micros in benzonitrile at 295 K. The activation energy for the charge recombination (CR) process is determined as 0.15 eV in benzonitrile, which is much larger than the value expected from the direct CR process to the ground state. This value is rather comparable to the energy difference between the initial CS state (Fc-(ZnP)(2)(*+)-C(60)(*-)) and the final CS state (Fc(+)-(ZnP)(2)-C(60)(*-)). This indicates that the back electron transfer to the ground state occurs via the reversed stepwise processes,that is, a rate-limiting electron transfer from (ZnP)(2) to Fc(+) to give the initial CS state (Fc-(ZnP)(2)(*+)-C(60)(*-)), followed by a fast electron transfer from C(60)(*-) to (ZnP)(2)(*+) to regenerate the ground state, Fc-(ZnP)(2)-C(60). This is in sharp contrast with the extremely slow direct CR process of bacteriochlorophyll dimer radical cation-quinone radical anion pair in bacterial reaction centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Imahori
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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