1
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Verma P, Budkina DS, Vauthey E. Photoinduced Electron Transfer between Dipolar Reactants: Solvent and Excitation Wavelength Effects. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1231-1240. [PMID: 38265415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) quenching in nonpolar media is not as well understood as in polar environments. Here, we investigate the effect of dipole-dipole interactions between the reactants using ultrafast broadband electronic spectroscopy combined with molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the quenching of the S1 state of two polar dyes, coumarin 152a and Nile red, by the polar N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) in cyclohexane is faster by a factor up to 3 when exciting on the red edge rather than at the maximum of their S1 ← S0 absorption band. This originates from the inhomogeneous broadening of the band due to a distribution of the number of quencher molecules around the dyes. As a consequence, red-edge excitation photoselects dyes in a DMA-rich environment. Such broadening is not present in acetonitrile, and no excitation wavelength dependence of the ET dynamics is observed. The quenching of both dyes is markedly faster in nonpolar than polar solvents, independently of the excitation wavelength. According to molecular dynamics simulations, this is due to the preferential solvation of the dyes by DMA in cyclohexane. The opposite preferential solvation is predicted in acetonitrile. Consequently, close contact between the reactants in acetonitrile requires partial desolvation. By contrast, the recombination of the quenching product is slower in nonpolar than in polar solvents and exhibits much smaller dependence, if any, on the excitation wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Verma
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Darya S Budkina
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Patel B, Dabas S, Patel P, Subramanian S. Electrostatically tuned phenols: a scalable organocatalyst for transfer hydrogenation and tandem reductive alkylation of N-heteroarenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:540-549. [PMID: 36741513 PMCID: PMC9847667 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05843j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental aims in catalysis research is to understand what makes a certain scaffold perform better as a catalyst than another. For instance, in nature enzymes act as versatile catalysts, providing a starting point for researchers to understand how to achieve superior performance by positioning the substrate close to the catalyst using non-covalent interactions. However, translating this information to a non-biological catalyst is a challenging task. Here, we report a simple and scalable electrostatically tuned phenol (ETP) as an organocatalyst for transfer hydrogenation of N-arenes using the Hantzsch ester as a hydride source. The biomimetic catalyst (1-5 mol%) displays potential catalytic activity to prepare diverse tetrahydroquinoline derivatives with good to excellent conversion under ambient reaction conditions. Kinetic studies reveal that the ETP is 130-fold faster than the uncharged counterpart, towards completion of the reaction. Control experiments and NMR spectroscopic investigations elucidate the role of the charged environment in the catalytic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Patel
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR – Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar-364002GujaratIndia,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)Gaziabad-201002India
| | - Shilpa Dabas
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR – Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar-364002GujaratIndia,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)Gaziabad-201002India
| | - Parth Patel
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR – Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar-364002GujaratIndia,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)Gaziabad-201002India
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR – Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research InstituteBhavnagar-364002GujaratIndia,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)Gaziabad-201002India
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3
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Melvin MK, Skelton BW, Eggers PK, Raston CL. Synthesis, crystallization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of transition metal carboxylate pentapyridines. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01248g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Single X-ray diffraction studies and Hirshfeld surface analysis of three transition metal coordination complexes of Py5Me2COOH reveals the ligand's diverse coordination utility and the structure directing effect of the carboxylate moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa K. Melvin
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Brian W. Skelton
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Paul K. Eggers
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Colin L. Raston
- Flinders University College of Science and Engineering, Institute for Nano Science and Technology, Bedford Park, Australia 5042
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4
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Proton coupled electron transport of pH sensitive coumarin based ruthenium(II) complex: A functional mimic of photosystem II. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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5
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Fernández-Alarcón A, Guevara-Vela JM, Casals-Sainz JL, Costales A, Francisco E, Martín Pendás Á, Rocha Rinza T. Photochemistry in Real Space: Batho- and Hypsochromism in the Water Dimer. Chemistry 2020; 26:17035-17045. [PMID: 32822523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of chemical intuition in photochemistry faces several difficulties that result from the inadequacy of the one-particle picture, the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, and other basic ideas used to build models. It is shown herein how real-space approaches can be efficiently used to gain valuable insights in photochemistry through a simple example of red and blue shift effects: the double hypso- and bathochromic shifts in the low-lying valence excited states of (H2 O)2 . It is demonstrated that 1) the use of these techniques allows the perturbative language used in the theory of intermolecular interactions, even in the strongly interacting short-range regime, to be maintained; 2) one and only one molecule is photoexcited in each of the addressed excited states and 3) the electrostatic interaction between the in-the-cluster molecular dipoles provides a fairly intuitive rationalisation of the observed batho- and hypsochromism. The methods exploited and illustrated herein are able to maintain the individuality and properties of the interacting entities in a molecular aggregate, and thereby they allow chemical intuition in general states, at any geometry and using a broad variety of electronic structure methods to be kept and built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Fernández-Alarcón
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Casals-Sainz
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Aurora Costales
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Evelio Francisco
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel Martín Pendás
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tomás Rocha Rinza
- Institute of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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6
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Gerbin E, Frapart YM, Marcuello C, Cottyn B, Foulon L, Pernes M, Crônier D, Molinari M, Chabbert B, Ducrot PH, Baumberger S, Aguié-Béghin V, Kurek B. Dual Antioxidant Properties and Organic Radical Stabilization in Cellulose Nanocomposite Films Functionalized by In Situ Polymerization of Coniferyl Alcohol. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3163-3175. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Gerbin
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Yves-Michel Frapart
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques—UMR CNRS 8601, Université de Paris, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Carlos Marcuello
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Betty Cottyn
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Laurence Foulon
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Miguel Pernes
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - David Crônier
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Michael Molinari
- CBMN UMR CNRS 5248, Université de Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, 33600, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Paul-Henri Ducrot
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Stéphanie Baumberger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | | | - Bernard Kurek
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
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7
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Thongyod W, Buranachai C, Pengpan T, Punwong C. Fluorescence quenching by photoinduced electron transfer between 7-methoxycoumarin and guanine base facilitated by hydrogen bonds: an in silico study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16258-16269. [PMID: 31304496 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of hydrogen bond (H-bond) formation on fluorescence quenching of 7-methoxycoumarin (7MC) via photo-induced electron transfer from a guanine base (Gua) are investigated using a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulation. The electronic structure is calculated by the floating occupation molecular orbital complete active space configuration interaction modification on a semiempirical method. Then the full multiple spawning method is employed for the dynamics simulations on multiple electronic states. The methods employed here are validated by simulating direct dynamics of 7MC (without Gua) and compared with available experimental results. Our computational results are in good agreement with the previously reported experimental results in terms of spectroscopic properties of 7MC. In the case of a H-bonded 7MC-Gua complex, the results from constrained dynamics simulations and single-point calculations suggest that the electron transfer occurs on the second excited state and it depends not only on the H-bond length but also on the intermolecular planarity between 7MC and Gua. Moreover, a proton coupled electron transfer can occur at ≈1 Å of H-bond length, where a proton from Gua is also transferred together with the electron to 7MC. The obtained simulations are expected to be greatly beneficial for designing effective fluorescently labeled nucleotide probes as well as providing information for precise fluorescence signal interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wutthinan Thongyod
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. and Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Chittanon Buranachai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand. and Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Teparksorn Pengpan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
| | - Chutintorn Punwong
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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8
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Wang L, Pyle JR, Cimatu KA, Chen J. Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectra of Photoexcited YOYO-1 molecules call for additional investigations of their fluorescence quenching mechanism. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018; 367:411-419. [PMID: 30410276 PMCID: PMC6217845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we observed that YOYO-1 immobilized on a glass surface is much brighter when dried (quantum yield 16±4% in the ambient air) or in hexane than in water (quantum yield ~%).YOYO-1 is a typical cyanine dye that has a photo-isomerization reaction upon light illumination. In order to understand this quenching mechanism, we use femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to measure YOYO-1's electron dynamics after excitation directly. By deconvoluting the hot-ground-state absorption and the stimulated emission, the dynamics of electronic relaxation and balance are revealed. The results support the intermolecular charge transfer mechanism better than the intramolecular relaxation mechanism that has been widely believed before. We believe that the first step of the relaxation involves a Dexter charge transfer between the photo-excited YOYO-1 molecule and another guest molecule that is directly bound to the YOYO-1 giving two radicals with opposite signs of charges. The charges are recombined either directly between these two molecules, or both molecules start to rotate and separate from each other. Eventually, the two charges recombined non-radiatively via various pathways. These pathways are reflected on the complicated multi-exponential decay curves of YOYO-1 fluorescence lifetime measurements. This charge transfer mechanism suggests that (1) electrical insulation may help improve the quantum yield of YOYO-1 in polar solutions significantly and (2) a steric hindrance for the intramolecular rotation may have a less significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
| | - Joseph R. Pyle
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
| | - Katherine A. Cimatu
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
| | - Jixin Chen
- Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Athens, Ohio, 45701 USA
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9
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Mede T, Jäger M, Schubert US. "Chemistry-on-the-complex": functional Ru II polypyridyl-type sensitizers as divergent building blocks. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7577-7627. [PMID: 30246196 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium polypyridyl type complexes are potent photoactive compounds, and have found - among others - a broad range of important applications in the fields of biomedical diagnosis and phototherapy, energy conversion schemes such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and molecular assemblies for tailored photo-initiated processes. In this regard, the linkage of RuII polypyridyl-type complexes with specific functional moieties is highly desirable to enhance their inherent photophysical properties, e.g., with a targeting function to achieve cell selectivity, or with a dye or redox-active subunits for energy- and electron-transfer. However, the classical approach of performing ligand syntheses first and the formation of Ru complexes in the last steps imposes synthetic limitations with regard to tolerating functional groups or moieties as well as requiring lengthy convergent routes. Alternatively, the diversification of Ru complexes after coordination (termed "chemistry-on-the-complex") provides an elegant complementary approach. In addition to the Click chemistry concept, the rapidly developing synthesis and purification methodologies permit the preparation of Ru conjugates via amidation, alkylation and cross-coupling reactions. In this regard, recent developments in chromatography shifted the limits of purification, e.g., by using new commercialized surface-modified silica gels and automated instrumentation. This review provides detailed insights into applying the "chemistry-on-the-complex" concept, which is believed to stimulate the modular preparation of unpreceded molecular assemblies as well as functional materials based on Ru-based building blocks, including combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mede
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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10
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Thiyagarajan SK, Suresh R, Ramanan V, Ramamurthy P. Deciphering the incognito role of water in a light driven proton coupled electron transfer process. Chem Sci 2018; 9:910-921. [PMID: 29629158 PMCID: PMC5873145 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03161k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Light induced multisite electron proton transfer in two different phenol (simple and phenol carrying an intramolecularly hydrogen bonded base) pendants on acridinedione dye (ADD) and an NADH analogue was studied by following fluorescence quenching dynamics in an ultrafast timescale. In a simple phenol derivative (ADDOH), photo-excited acridinedione acquires an electron from phenol intramolecularly, coupled with the transfer of a proton to solvent water. But in a phenol carrying hydrogen bonded base (ADDDP), both electron and proton transfer occur completely intramolecularly. The sequence of this electron and proton transfer process was validated by discerning the pH dependency of the reaction kinetics. Since photo-excited ADDs are stronger oxidants, the sequential electron first proton transfer mechanism (ETPT) was observed in ADDOH and hence there is no change in the PCET reaction kinetics kETPT ∼ 6.57 × 109 s-1 in the entire pH range (pH 2-12). But the phenol carrying hydrogen bonded base (ADDDP) unleashes concerted electron proton transfer where the PCET reaction rate decreases upon decreasing the pH below its pKa. Noticeably, the concerted EPT process in ADDDP mimics the donor side of photosystem II and it occurs by two distinct pathways: (i) through direct intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the phenol and amine, kDEPT ∼ 12.5 × 1010 s-1 and (ii) through the bidirectional hydrogen bond extended by the water molecule trapped in between the proton donor and acceptor, which mediates the proton transfer and serves as a proton wire, kWMEPT ∼ 2.85 × 1010 s-1. These results unravel the incognito role played by water in mediating the proton transfer process when the structural elements do not favor direct hydrogen bonding between the proton donor and acceptor in a concerted PCET reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumar Thiyagarajan
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes , University of Madras , Taramani Campus , Chennai - 600 113 , India .
| | - Raghupathy Suresh
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes , University of Madras , Taramani Campus , Chennai - 600 113 , India .
| | - Vadivel Ramanan
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes , University of Madras , Taramani Campus , Chennai - 600 113 , India .
| | - Perumal Ramamurthy
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes , University of Madras , Taramani Campus , Chennai - 600 113 , India .
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11
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Photosensitized enzyme deactivation and protein oxidation by axial-substituted phosphorus(V) tetraphenylporphyrins. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 175:125-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Gerlach DL, Siek S, Burks DB, Tesh JM, Thompson CR, Vasquez RM, White NJ, Zeller M, Grotjahn DB, Papish ET. Ruthenium (II) and Iridium (III) Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbene and Pyridinol Derived Bidentate Chelates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017; 466:442-450. [PMID: 29217867 PMCID: PMC5714516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of new ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) complexes of a new bidentate chelate, NHCR'-pyOR (OR = OMe, OtBu, OH and R' = Me, Et). Synthesis and characterization studies were done on the following compounds: four ligand precursors (1-4); two silver complexes of these NHCR'-pyOR ligands (5-7); six ruthenium complexes of the type [η6-(p-cymene)Ru(NHCR'-pyOR)Cl]X with R' = Me, Et and R = Me, tBu, H and X = OTf-, PF6- and PO2F2- (8-13); and two iridium complexes, [Cp*Ir(NHCMe-pyOtBu)Cl]PF6 (14) and [Cp*Ir(NHCMe-pyOH)Cl]PO2F2 (15). The complexes are air stable and were isolated in moderate yield. However, for the PF6- salts, hydrolysis of the PF6- counter anion to PO2F2- during t-butyl ether deprotection was observed. Most of the complexes were characterized by 1H and 13C-NMR, MS, IR, and X-ray diffraction. The ruthenium complexes [η6-(p-cymene)Ru(NHCMe-pyOR)Cl]OTf (R = Me (8) and tBu (9)) were tested for their ability to accelerate CO2 hydrogenation and formic acid dehydrogenation. However, our studies show that the complexes transform during the reaction and these complexes are best thought of as pre-catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deidra L. Gerlach
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
| | - Sopheavy Siek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
| | - Dalton B. Burks
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
| | - Jamie M. Tesh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
| | - Courtney R. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
| | - Robert M. Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, USA
| | - Nicholas J. White
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Douglas B. Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, USA
| | - Elizabeth T. Papish
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
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13
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Kuss-Petermann M, Wenger OS. Exceptionally Long-Lived Photodriven Multi-Electron Storage without Sacrificial Reagents. Chemistry 2017; 23:10808-10814. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kuss-Petermann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
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14
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Glover SD, Parada GA, Markle TF, Ott S, Hammarström L. Isolating the Effects of the Proton Tunneling Distance on Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in a Series of Homologous Tyrosine-Base Model Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2090-2101. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Starla D. Glover
- Department of Chemistry−Ångström, Uppsala University, Box
532, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanny A. Parada
- Department of Chemistry−Ångström, Uppsala University, Box
532, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Todd F. Markle
- Department of Chemistry−Ångström, Uppsala University, Box
532, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry−Ångström, Uppsala University, Box
532, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry−Ångström, Uppsala University, Box
532, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Larson BC, Pomponio JR, Shafaat HS, Kim RH, Leigh BS, Tauber MJ, Kim JE. Photogeneration and Quenching of Tryptophan Radical in Azurin. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:9438-49. [PMID: 25625660 PMCID: PMC5092234 DOI: 10.1021/jp511523z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan and tyrosine can form radical intermediates that enable long-range, multistep electron transfer (ET) reactions in proteins. This report describes the mechanisms of formation and quenching of a neutral tryptophan radical in azurin, a blue-copper protein that contains native tyrosine (Y108 and Y72) and tryptophan (W48) residues. A long-lived neutral tryptophan radical W48• is formed upon UV-photoexcitation of a zinc(II)-substituted azurin mutant in the presence of an external electron acceptor. The quantum yield of W48• formation (Φ) depends upon the tyrosine residues in the protein. A tyrosine-deficient mutant, Zn(II)Az48W, exhibited a value of Φ = 0.080 with a Co(III) electron acceptor. A nearly identical quantum yield was observed when the electron acceptor was the analogous tyrosine-free, copper(II) mutant; this result for the Zn(II)Az48W:Cu(II)Az48W mixture suggests there is an interprotein ET path. A single tyrosine residue at one of the native positions reduced the quantum yield to 0.062 (Y108) or 0.067 (Y72). Wild-type azurin with two tyrosine residues exhibited a quantum yield of Φ = 0.045. These data indicate that tyrosine is able to quench the tryptophan radical in azurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany C. Larson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Pomponio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | | | - Rachel H. Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Brian S. Leigh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael J. Tauber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Judy E. Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Nomrowski J, Wenger OS. Photoinduced PCET in ruthenium-phenol systems: thermodynamic equivalence of uni- and bidirectional reactions. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3680-7. [PMID: 25781364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Six termolecular reaction systems comprised of Ru(4,4′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine)32+, phenols with different para substituents, and pyridine in acetonitrile undergo proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) upon photoexcitation of the metal complex. Five of these six phenols are found to release in concerted fashion an electron to the ruthenium photooxidant and a proton to the pyridine base. The kinetics for this concerted bidirectional PCET process and its relationship to the reaction free energy were compared to the driving-force dependence of reaction kinetics for unidirectional concerted proton–electron transfer (CPET) between the same phenols and Ru(2,2′-bipyrazine)32+, a combined electron/proton acceptor. The results strongly support the concept of thermodynamic equivalence between separated electron/proton acceptors and single-reagent hydrogen-atom acceptors. A key feature of the explored systems is the similarity between molecules employed for bi- and unidirectional CPET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Nomrowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Liu XY, Long YT, Tian H. New insight into photo-induced electron transfer with a simple ubiquinone-based triphenylamine model. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09324d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A ubiquinone-based triphenylamine system was designed as a simple model to study the photo-induced electron transfer (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials & Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
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18
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Chen J, Kuss-Petermann M, Wenger OS. Dependence of Reaction Rates for Bidirectional PCET on the Electron Donor–Electron Acceptor Distance in Phenol–Ru(2,2′-Bipyridine)32+ Dyads. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:2263-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506087t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kuss-Petermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring
19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Wang D, Lü R, Yuan M, Fu A, Chu T. A DFT/TD-DFT study of thiazolidinedione derivative in dimethylformamide: cooperative roles of hydrogen bondings, electronic and vibrational spectra. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 125:131-137. [PMID: 24531543 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method has been applied to investigate the thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivative A and its hydrogen-bonded complexes with dimethylformamide (DMF) (A-DMF and A-2DMF). The calculation results showed that the excited-state hydrogen bondings of O-H⋯O=C and N-H⋯O=C are strengthened and weakened in the hydrogen-bonded trimer A-2DMF, and their cooperation effect caused a blue shift in the electronic spectrum of A-2DMF. This modulation mechanism of the hydrogen-bond strengthening and weakening and its role in influencing the spectroscopy property of the TZD derivative A in DMF have been analyzed and showed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Lü
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Minghu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Fu
- Institute for Computational Sciences and Engineering, Laboratory of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianshu Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China; Institute for Computational Sciences and Engineering, Laboratory of New Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Synthesis and Electron-Transfer Processes in a New Family of Ligands for Coupled Ru−Mn2Complexes. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Chen J, Kuss-Petermann M, Wenger OS. Distance Dependence of Bidirectional Concerted Proton-Electron Transfer in Phenol-Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)32+Dyads. Chemistry 2014; 20:4098-104. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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López AM, Natali M, Pizzolato E, Chiorboli C, Bonchio M, Sartorel A, Scandola F. A Co(ii)–Ru(ii) dyad relevant to light-driven water oxidation catalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:12000-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55369h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The covalent anchoring of a Co(ii) water oxidation catalyst to a Ru(ii) photosensitizer with potential application in artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (sez. Ferrara)
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Pizzolato
- ITM-CNR and Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Chiorboli
- ISOF-CNR c/o Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- ITM-CNR and Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- ITM-CNR and Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Franco Scandola
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (sez. Ferrara)
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Mareeswaran PM, Rajkumar E, Sathish V, Rajagopal S. Electron transfer reactions of ruthenium(II)-bipyridine complexes carrying tyrosine moiety with quinones. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:754-61. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eswaran Rajkumar
- School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai Tamil Nadu India
- Vel Tech University; Avadi Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Veerasamy Sathish
- School of Chemistry; Madurai Kamaraj University; Madurai Tamil Nadu India
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Abstract
Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) plays a crucial role in many enzymatic reactions and is relevant for a variety of processes including water oxidation, nitrogen fixation, and carbon dioxide reduction. Much of the research on PCET has focused on transfers between molecules in their electronic ground states, but increasingly researchers are investigating PCET between photoexcited reactants. This Account describes recent studies of excited-state PCET with d(6) metal complexes emphasizing work performed in my laboratory. Upon photoexcitation, some complexes release an electron and a proton to benzoquinone reaction partners. Others act as combined electron-proton acceptors in the presence of phenols. As a result, we can investigate photoinduced PCET involving electron and proton transfer in a given direction, a process that resembles hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT). In other studies, the photoexcited metal complexes merely serve as electron donors or electron acceptors because the proton donating and accepting sites are located on other parts of the molecular PCET ensemble. We and others have used this multisite design to explore so-called bidirectional PCET which occurs in many enzymes. A central question in all of these studies is whether concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) can compete kinetically with sequential electron and proton transfer steps. Short laser pulses can trigger excited-state PCET, making it possible to investigate rapid reactions. Luminescence spectroscopy is a convenient tool for monitoring PCET, but unambiguous identification of reaction products can require a combination of luminescence spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy. Nevertheless, in some cases, distinguishing between PCET photoproducts and reaction products formed by simple photoinduced electron transfer (ET) (reactions that don't include proton transfer) is tricky. Some of the studies presented here deal directly with this important problem. In one case study we employed a cyclometalated iridium(III) complex. Our other studies with ruthenium(II) complexes and phenols focused on systematic variations of the reaction free energies for the CPET, ET, and proton transfer (PT) steps to explore their influence on the overall PCET reaction. Still other work with rhenium(I) complexes concentrated on the question of how the electronic structure of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states affects PCET. We used covalent rhenium(I)-phenol dyads to explore the influence of the electron donor-electron acceptor distance on bidirectional PCET. In covalent triarylamine-Ru(bpy)₃²⁺/Os(bpy)₃²⁺-anthraquinone triads (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), hydrogen-bond donating solvents significantly lengthened the lifetimes of photogenerated electron/hole pairs because of hydrogen-bonding to the quinone radical anion. Until now, comparatively few researchers have investigated this variation of PCET: the strengthening of H-bonds upon photoreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S. Wenger
- Departement Chemie, Universität Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Kuss-Petermann M, Wenger OS. Photoacid Behavior versus Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Phenol–Ru(bpy)32+ Dyads. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5726-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402567m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kuss-Petermann
- Institut für Anorganische
Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Departement für
Chemie, Universität Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Herzog W, Bronner C, Löffler S, He B, Kratzert D, Stalke D, Hauser A, Wenger OS. Electron Transfer between Hydrogen-Bonded Pyridylphenols and a Photoexcited Rhenium(I) Complex. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1168-76. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201201069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kuss-Petermann M, Wolf H, Stalke D, Wenger OS. Influence of Donor–Acceptor Distance Variation on Photoinduced Electron and Proton Transfer in Rhenium(I)–Phenol Dyads. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12844-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3053046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kuss-Petermann
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hilke Wolf
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse
4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Improving the efficiency of water splitting in dye-sensitized solar cells by using a biomimetic electron transfer mediator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:15612-6. [PMID: 22547794 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118339109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting directly converts solar energy to chemical energy stored in hydrogen, a high energy density fuel. Although water splitting using semiconductor photoelectrodes has been studied for more than 40 years, it has only recently been demonstrated using dye-sensitized electrodes. The quantum yield for water splitting in these dye-based systems has, so far, been very low because the charge recombination reaction is faster than the catalytic four-electron oxidation of water to oxygen. We show here that the quantum yield is more than doubled by incorporating an electron transfer mediator that is mimetic of the tyrosine-histidine mediator in Photosystem II. The mediator molecule is covalently bound to the water oxidation catalyst, a colloidal iridium oxide particle, and is coadsorbed onto a porous titanium dioxide electrode with a Ruthenium polypyridyl sensitizer. As in the natural photosynthetic system, this molecule mediates electron transfer between a relatively slow metal oxide catalyst that oxidizes water on the millisecond timescale and a dye molecule that is oxidized in a fast light-induced electron transfer reaction. The presence of the mediator molecule in the system results in photoelectrochemical water splitting with an internal quantum efficiency of approximately 2.3% using blue light.
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30
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He B, Wenger OS. Ruthenium-Phenothiazine Electron Transfer Dyad with a Photoswitchable Dithienylethene Bridge: Flash-Quench Studies with Methylviologen. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4335-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300048r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bice He
- Georg-August-Universität, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077
Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S. Wenger
- Georg-August-Universität, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Tammannstrasse 4, D-37077
Göttingen, Germany
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Abstract
Because of its fundamental importance in many branches of science, hydrogen bonding is a subject of intense contemporary research interest. The physical and chemical properties of hydrogen bonds in the ground state have been widely studied both experimentally and theoretically by chemists, physicists, and biologists. However, hydrogen bonding in the electronic excited state, which plays an important role in many photophysical processes and photochemical reactions, has scarcely been investigated. Upon electronic excitation of hydrogen-bonded systems by light, the hydrogen donor and acceptor molecules must reorganize in the electronic excited state because of the significant charge distribution difference between the different electronic states. The electronic excited-state hydrogen-bonding dynamics, which are predominantly determined by the vibrational motions of the hydrogen donor and acceptor groups, generally occur on ultrafast time scales of hundreds of femtoseconds. As a result, state-of-the-art femtosecond time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy is used to directly monitor the ultrafast dynamical behavior of hydrogen bonds in the electronic excited state. It is important to note that the excited-state hydrogen-bonding dynamics are coupled to the electronic excitation. Fortunately, the combination of femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy and accurate quantum chemistry calculations of excited states resolves this issue in laser experiments. Through a comparison of the hydrogen-bonded complex to the separated hydrogen donor or acceptor in ground and electronic excited states, the excited-state hydrogen-bonding structure and dynamics have been obtained. Moreover, we have also demonstrated the importance of hydrogen bonding in many photophysical processes and photochemical reactions. In this Account, we review our recent advances in electronic excited-state hydrogen-bonding dynamics and the significant role of electronic excited-state hydrogen bonding on internal conversion (IC), electronic spectral shifts (ESS), photoinduced electron transfer (PET), fluorescence quenching (FQ), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT). The combination of various spectroscopic experiments with theoretical calculations has led to tremendous progress in excited-state hydrogen-bonding research. We first demonstrated that the intermolecular hydrogen bond in the electronic excited state is greatly strengthened for coumarin chromophores and weakened for thiocarbonyl chromophores. We have also clarified that the intermolecular hydrogen-bond strengthening and weakening correspond to red-shifts and blue-shifts, respectively, in the electronic spectra. Moreover, radiationless deactivations (via IC, PET, ICT, MLCT, and so on) can be dramatically influenced through the regulation of electronic states by hydrogen-bonding interactions. Consequently, the fluorescence of chromophores in hydrogen-bonded surroundings is quenched or enhanced by hydrogen bonds. Our research expands our understanding of the nature of hydrogen bonding by delineating the interaction between hydrogen bonds and photons, thereby providing a basis for excited-state hydrogen bonding studies in photophysics, photochemistry, and photobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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32
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Wu W, Ji S, Wu W, Shao J, Guo H, James TD, Zhao J. Ruthenium(II)–Polyimine–Coumarin Light‐Harvesting Molecular Arrays: Design Rationale and Application for Triplet–Triplet‐Annihilation‐Based Upconversion. Chemistry 2012; 18:4953-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 411 8498 6236
| | - Shaomin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 411 8498 6236
| | - Wenting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 411 8498 6236
| | - Jingyin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 411 8498 6236
| | - Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 411 8498 6236
| | - Tony D. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 411 8498 6236
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Moore GF, Megiatto JD, Hambourger M, Gervaldo M, Kodis G, Moore TA, Gust D, Moore AL. Optical and electrochemical properties of hydrogen-bonded phenol-pyrrolidino[60]fullerenes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1018-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05351a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Originating from Excited States of Luminescent Transition-Metal Complexes. Chemistry 2011; 17:11692-702. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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35
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Zhang MT, Irebo T, Johansson O, Hammarström L. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer from Tyrosine: A Strong Rate Dependence on Intramolecular Proton Transfer Distance. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13224-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja203483j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tian Zhang
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tania Irebo
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Johansson
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L. Dempsey
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jay R. Winkler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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37
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Späth A, Koch C, König B. Luminescent Hybrids Combining a Metal Complex and a Crown Ether - Receptors for Peptidic Ammonium Phosphates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Singh AK, Jain B, Negi R, Katre Y, Singh SP, Sharma VK. Kinetic study of the ruthenium(III)-catalyzed oxidation of glycine by N-bromophthalimide in acidic medium. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-010-9342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Enhancing the separation of phosphorylated proteins in gel electrophoresis with dinuclear bispyridylmethylamine–tyrosine–acrylamide complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Abstract
Energy is the most important issue of the 21st century. About 85% of our energy comes from fossil fuels, a finite resource unevenly distributed beneath the Earth's surface. Reserves of fossil fuels are progressively decreasing, and their continued use produces harmful effects such as pollution that threatens human health and greenhouse gases associated with global warming. Prompt global action to solve the energy crisis is therefore needed. To pursue such an action, we are urged to save energy and to use energy in more efficient ways, but we are also forced to find alternative energy sources, the most convenient of which is solar energy for several reasons. The sun continuously provides the Earth with a huge amount of energy, fairly distributed all over the world. Its enormous potential as a clean, abundant, and economical energy source, however, cannot be exploited unless it is converted into useful forms of energy. This Review starts with a brief description of the mechanism at the basis of the natural photosynthesis and, then, reports the results obtained so far in the field of photochemical conversion of solar energy. The "grand challenge" for chemists is to find a convenient means for artificial conversion of solar energy into fuels. If chemists succeed to create an artificial photosynthetic process, "... life and civilization will continue as long as the sun shines!", as the Italian scientist Giacomo Ciamician forecast almost one hundred years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Balzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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41
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Ojida A, Honda K, Shinmi D, Kiyonaka S, Mori Y, Hamachi I. Oligo-Asp tag/Zn(II) complex probe as a new pair for labeling and fluorescence imaging of proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:10452-9. [PMID: 16895410 DOI: 10.1021/ja0618604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To accomplish the selective labeling of a specific protein in complicated biological systems, a peptide tag incorporated into the protein and a complementary small molecular probe are required. Although a variety of peptide tag/probe pairs have been developed as molecular tools for protein analyses, the availability of pairs suitable for real-time imaging of proteins is still limited. We now report a new peptide tag/artificial probe pair composed of a genetically encodable oligo-aspartate sequence (D4 tag, (D4)n, n = 1-3) and the corresponding multinuclear Zn(II) complexes (Zn(II)-DpaTyrs). The strong binding affinity of the Zn(II)-DpaTyr probes with the D4 tag was a result of the multiple coordination bonds and the multivalent effect. It was measured quantitatively by isothermal titration calorimetry. The high affinity between the tag and the probe, indispensable for the selective protein labeling, enabled the pair to be used for the labeling and fluorescence imaging of a membrane-bound receptor protein tethering a triply repeated D4 tag ((D4)3) in an intact cell configuration without significantly affecting the receptor signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Ojida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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Dirscherl G, Knape R, Hanson P, König B. Solid-phase synthesis of metal-complex containing peptides. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Polyakov NE, Taraban MB, Leshina TV. Photo-CIDNP Study of the Interaction of Tyrosine with Nifedipine. An Attempt to Model the Binding Between Calcium Receptor and Calcium Antagonist Nifedipine¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00130.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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44
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Xia M, Liu J, Gao Y, Åkermark B, Sun L. Synthesis and Photophysical and Electrochemical Study of Tyrosine Covalently Linked to High-Valent Copper(III) and Manganese(IV) Complexes. Helv Chim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200790056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Wolpher H, Sinha S, Pan J, Johansson A, Lundqvist MJ, Persson P, Lomoth R, Bergquist J, Sun L, Sundström V, Akermark B, Polívka T. Synthesis and Electron Transfer Studies of Ruthenium−Terpyridine-Based Dyads Attached to Nanostructured TiO2. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:638-51. [PMID: 17257006 DOI: 10.1021/ic060858a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of bis(terpyridine)RuII complexes have been prepared, where one of the terpyridines is functionalized in the 4'-position by a phosphonic or carboxylic acid group for attachment to TiO2. The other is functionalized, also in the 4'-position, by a potential electron donor. In complexes 1a, 3a, and 4a,b, this donor is tyrosine or hydrogen-bonded tyrosine, while in 2a it is carotenoic amide. The synthesis and photophysical properties of the complexes are discussed. On irradiation with visible light, the formation of a long-lived charge-separated state was anticipated, via primary electron ejection into the TiO2, followed by secondary electron transfer from the donor to the photogenerated RuIII. However, such a charge-separated state could be observed with certainty only with complex 2a. To explain the result, quantum chemical calculations were performed on the different types of complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Wolpher
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Utas JE, Kritikos M, Sandström D, Akermark B. Water as a hydrogen bonding bridge between a phenol and imidazole. A simple model for water binding in enzymes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2006; 1757:1592-6. [PMID: 17045565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray crystal structure of the mono-hydrate of 2,2-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-methylphenol has been determined. Three hydrogen bonds hold water very tightly in the crystal, as determined by deuterium solid-state NMR. The hydrogen bond between the phenolic hydroxyl and water appears to have about the same strength as the direct hydrogen bond to imidazole, suggesting that the structure can be a good model for hydrogen bonds that are mediated by a water molecule in enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin E Utas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Photoinduced electron transfer through hydrogen bonds in a rod-like donor–acceptor molecule: A time-resolved EPR study. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Lomoth R, Magnuson A, Sjödin M, Huang P, Styring S, Hammarström L. Mimicking the electron donor side of Photosystem II in artificial photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2006; 87:25-40. [PMID: 16416050 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-005-9005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on our recent efforts in synthetic ruthenium-tyrosine-manganese chemistry mimicking the donor side reactions of Photosystem II. Tyrosine and tryptophan residues were linked to ruthenium photosensitizers, which resulted in model complexes for proton-coupled electron transfer from amino acids. A new mechanistic model was proposed and used to design complexes in which the mechanism could be switched between concerted and step-wise proton-coupled electron transfer. Moreover, a manganese dimer linked to a ruthenium complex could be oxidized in three successive steps, from Mn (2) (II,II) to Mn (2) (III,IV) by the photo-oxidized ruthenium sensitizer. This was possible thanks to a charge compensating ligand exchange in the manganese complex. Detailed studies of the ligand exchange suggested that at high water concentrations, each oxidation step is coupled to a proton-release of water-derived ligands, analogous to the oxidation steps of the manganese cluster of Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 579, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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49
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Xu Y, Eilers G, Borgström M, Pan J, Abrahamsson M, Magnuson A, Lomoth R, Bergquist J, Polívka T, Sun L, Sundström V, Styring S, Hammarström L, Akermark B. Synthesis and Characterization of Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes Covalently Linked to RuII Tris-bipyridine: An Approach to Mimics of the Donor Side of Photosystem II. Chemistry 2005; 11:7305-14. [PMID: 16163754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To mimic the electron-donor side of photosystem II (PSII), three trinuclear ruthenium complexes (2, 2a, 2b) were synthesized. In these complexes, a mixed-valent dinuclear Ru2(II,III) moiety with one phenoxy and two acetato bridges is covalently linked to a Ru(II) tris-bipyridine photosensitizer. The properties and photoinduced electron/energy transfer of these complexes were studied. The results show that the Ru2(II,III) moieties in the complexes readily undergo reversible one-electron reduction and one-electron oxidation to give the Ru2(II,III) and Ru2(III,III) states, respectively. This could allow for photooxidation of the sensitizer part with an external acceptor and subsequent electron transfer from the dinuclear ruthenium moiety to regenerate the sensitizer. However, all trinuclear ruthenium complexes have a very short excited-state lifetime, in the range of a few nanoseconds to less than 100 ps. Studies by femtosecond time-resolved techniques suggest that a mixture of intramolecular energy and electron transfer between the dinuclear ruthenium moiety and the excited [Ru(bpy)3]2+ photosensitizer is responsible for the short lifetimes. This problem is overcome by anchoring the complexes with ester- or carboxyl-substituted bipyridine ligands (2a, 2b) to nanocrystalline TiO2, and the desired electron transfer from the excited state of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ moiety to the conduction band of TiO2 followed by intramolecular electron transfer from the dinuclear Ru2(II,III) moiety to photogenerated Ru(III) was observed. The resulting long-lived Ru2(III,III) state decays on the millisecond timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Xu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Kanamori D, Furukawa A, Okamura TA, Yamamoto H, Ueyama N. Contribution of the intramolecular hydrogen bond to the shift of the pKa value and the oxidation potential of phenols and phenolate anions. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:1453-9. [PMID: 15827641 DOI: 10.1039/b419361j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecularly OHO[double bond, length as m-dash]C hydrogen bonded phenols, 2-HO-C6H2-3,5-(t-Bu)2-CONH-t-Bu (1-OH), 2-HO-C6H2-5-t-Bu-1,3-(CONH-t-Bu)2 (2-OH) and 2-HO-C6H2-3,5-(t-Bu)2-NHCO-t-Bu (4-OH), were synthesized and their phenolate anions were prepared as tetraethylammonium salts (-1O-(NEt4+), 2-O-(NEt4+) and 4-O-(NEt4+)) with intramolecular NHO(oxyanion) hydrogen bonds. 4-HO-C(6)H(2)-3,5-t-Bu(2)-CONH-t-Bu (3-OH) and its phenolate anion, 3-O-(NEt4+), were synthesized as non-hydrogen bonded references. The presence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds was established through the crystallographic analysis and/or (1)H NMR spectroscopic results. Intramolecular NHO(phenol) hydrogen bonds shift the pK(a) of the phenol to a more acidic value. The results of cyclic voltammetry show that the intramolecular OH...O=C hydrogen bond negatively shifts the oxidation potential of the phenol. In contrast, the intramolecular NHO(oxyanion) hydrogen bond positively shifts the oxidation potential of the phenolate anion, preventing oxidation. These contributions of the hydrogen bond to the pKa value and the oxidation potentials probably play an important role in the formation of a tyrosyl radical in photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kanamori
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
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