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Della-Felice F, de Andrade Bartolomeu A, Pilli RA. The phosphate ester group in secondary metabolites. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1066-1107. [PMID: 35420073 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00078k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to mid-2021The phosphate ester is a versatile, widespread functional group involved in a plethora of biological activities. Its presence in secondary metabolites, however, is relatively rare compared to other functionalities and thus is part of a rather unexplored chemical space. Herein, the chemistry of secondary metabolites containing the phosphate ester group is discussed. The text emphasizes their structural diversity, biological and pharmacological profiles, and synthetic approaches employed in the phosphorylation step during total synthesis campaigns, covering the literature from 2000 to mid-2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Della-Felice
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Krishna Rao MV, Reddy KN, Sridhar B, Subba Reddy BV. Decarboxylative Coupling of Cyclic α‐Amino Acid with Aldehyde and Kojic Acid: Direct Access to 2‐Pyrrolidinyl and 2‐Piperidinyl Kojic Acid Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Nagarjuna Reddy
- Centre for Semiochemicals
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi- 110025 India
| | - B. Sridhar
- Laboratory of X-ray CrystallographyCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad– 500 007 India
| | - B. V. Subba Reddy
- Centre for Semiochemicals
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research New Delhi- 110025 India
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3
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Pyziak J, Walkowiak J, Marciniec B. Recent Advances in Boron-Substituted 1,3-Dienes Chemistry: Synthesis and Application. Chemistry 2016; 23:3502-3541. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Pyziak
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Jędrzej Walkowiak
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Bogdan Marciniec
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
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4
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Houghton MJ, Biok NA, Huck CJ, Algera RF, Keresztes I, Wright SW, Collum DB. Lithium Enolates Derived from Pyroglutaminol: Aggregation, Solvation, and Atropisomerism. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4149-57. [PMID: 27035057 PMCID: PMC5245164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lithium enolates derived from protected pyroglutaminols were characterized by using (6)Li, (13)C, and (19)F NMR spectroscopies in conjunction with the method of continuous variations. Mixtures of tetrasolvated dimers and tetrasolvated tetramers in different proportions depend on the steric demands of the hemiaminal protecting group, tetrahydrofuran concentration, and the presence or absence of an α-fluoro moiety. The high steric demands of the substituted bicyclo[3.3.0] ring system promote dimers to an unusual extent and allow solvents and atropisomers in cubic tetramers to be observed in the slow-exchange limit. Pyridine used as a (6)Li chemical shift reagent proved useful in assigning solvation numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Houghton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Naomi A. Biok
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Christopher J. Huck
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Russell F. Algera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Ivan Keresztes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
| | - Stephen W. Wright
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340
| | - David B. Collum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853–1301
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5
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The role of Pseudomonas cepacia lipase in the asymmetric synthesis of heterocyclic based compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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6
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Wright SW, Choi C, Chung S, Boscoe BP, Drozda SE, Mousseau JJ, Trzupek JD. Reversal of Diastereoselection in the Conjugate Addition of Cuprates to Unsaturated Lactams. Org Lett 2015; 17:5204-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Wright
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chulho Choi
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Seungwon Chung
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Brian P. Boscoe
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Susan E. Drozda
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James J. Mousseau
- Worldwide
Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445
Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John D. Trzupek
- Inflammation & Immunology Research, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Synthesis and characterization of a new C2-symmetrical chiral tridentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligand coordinated Cr(III) complex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Zhang WZ, Chu JCK, Oberg KM, Rovis T. Enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed isomerization of 4-iminocrotonates: asymmetric synthesis of a unique chiral synthon. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:553-5. [PMID: 25580807 DOI: 10.1021/ja510348p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective isomerization of 4-iminocrotonates catalyzed by a rhodium(I)/phosphoramidite complex is described. This reaction uses widely available amines to couple with 4-oxocrotonate to provide a convenient access to a central chiral building block in good yield and high enantioselectivity. Although the mechanism of this new transformation remains unclear, both Rh and the phosphoramidite play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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9
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Hartmann O, Kalesse M. The Structure Elucidation and Total Synthesis of β‐Lipomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:7335-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hartmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover (Germany)
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Germany)
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover (Germany)
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Germany)
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10
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Hartmann O, Kalesse M. Die Strukturaufklärung und Totalsynthese von β‐Lipomycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hartmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biomolekulares Wirkstoff‐ zentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover (Deutschland)
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Deutschland)
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biomolekulares Wirkstoff‐ zentrum (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover (Deutschland)
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig (Deutschland)
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11
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Li D, Li Y, Chen Z, Shang H, Li H, Ren X. Stereoselective synthesis of α-(dichloromethyl)-amines, α-(chloromethyl)amines, and α-chloro-aziridines. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00471j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Fleming FF, Liu W, Yao L, Pitta B, Purzycki M, Ravikumar PC. Alkenenitrile Transmissive Olefination: Synthesis of the Putative Lignan "Morinol I". European J Org Chem 2012; 2011:6843-6846. [PMID: 22545004 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Grignard reagents trigger an addition-elimination with α'-hydroxy acrylonitriles to selectively generate Z-alkenenitriles. The modular assembly of Z-alkenenitriles from a Grignard reagent, acrylonitrile, and an aldehyde is ideal for stereoselectively synthesizing alkenes as illustrated in the synthesis of the putative lignan "morinol I."
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser F Fleming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282-1530, USA
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13
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Domínguez M, Álvarez S, Álvarez R, de Lera ÁR. Stereocontrolled synthesis of (S)-9-cis-4-oxo-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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15
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Butler SJ, Jolliffe KA, Lee WYG, McDonough MJ, Reynolds AJ. Synthesis of backbone modified cyclic peptides bearing dipicolylamino sidearms. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Skepper CK, Quach T, Molinski TF. Total synthesis of enigmazole A from Cinachyrella enigmatica. Bidirectional bond constructions with an ambident 2,4-disubstituted oxazole synthon. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:10286-92. [PMID: 20590095 DOI: 10.1021/ja1016975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the cytotoxic marine macrolide enigmazole A has been completed in 22 steps (longest linear sequence). The sensitive, densely functionalized 2,4-disubstituted oxazole fragment was constructed using an efficient Negishi-type coupling of an oxazol-2-ylzinc reagent formed directly from the parent ethyl 2-iodooxazole-4-carboxylate by zinc insertion. Other key steps include a hetero-Diels-Alder cycloaddition to form the central embedded pyran ring, a Wittig reaction to unite Eastern and Western hemispheres, and a ring size-selective Keck macrolactonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K Skepper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0358, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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17
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Asymmetric synthesis of ceramide sphingolipid based on (2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine lactam. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Fagerholm AE, Habrant D, Koskinen AMP. Calyculins and related marine natural products as serine-threonine protein phosphatase PP1 and PP2A inhibitors and total syntheses of calyculin A, B, and C. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:122-72. [PMID: 20161975 PMCID: PMC2817927 DOI: 10.3390/md80100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calyculins, highly cytotoxic polyketides, originally isolated from the marine sponge Discodermia calyx by Fusetani and co-workers, belong to the lithistid sponges group. These molecules have become interesting targets for cell biologists and synthetic organic chemists. The serine/threonine protein phosphatases play an essential role in the cellular signalling, metabolism, and cell cycle control. Calyculins express potent protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitory activity, and have therefore become valuable tools for cellular biologists studying intracellular processes and their control by reversible phosphorylation. Calyculins might also play an important role in the development of several diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and type 2-diabetes mellitus. The fascinating structures of calyculins have inspired various groups of synthetic organic chemists to develop total syntheses of the most abundant calyculins A and C. However, with fifteen chiral centres, a cyano-capped tetraene unit, a phosphate-bearing spiroketal, an anti, anti, anti dipropionate segment, an alpha-chiral oxazole, and a trihydroxylated gamma-amino acid, calyculins reach versatility that only few natural products can surpass, and truly challenge modern chemists' asymmetric synthesis skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika E. Fagerholm
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 6100, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland; E-Mails:
(A.E.F.);
(D.H.)
| | - Damien Habrant
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 6100, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland; E-Mails:
(A.E.F.);
(D.H.)
| | - Ari M. P. Koskinen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Helsinki University of Technology, PO Box 6100, FIN-02015 HUT, Finland; E-Mails:
(A.E.F.);
(D.H.)
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19
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Ben-Othman R, Othman M, Ciamala K, Knorr M, Strohmann C, Decroix B. Synthesis of diversely functionalized pyrrolizidines and indolizidines using olefin ring-closing metathesis. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Touré BB, Hall DG. Natural Product Synthesis Using Multicomponent Reaction Strategies. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4439-86. [PMID: 19480390 DOI: 10.1021/cr800296p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1299] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry B. Touré
- Department of Oncology Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dennis G. Hall
- Department of Oncology Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Inc., 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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21
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Matsumoto T, Kabeya M, Morishita E, Shioiri T. Study of Synthetic Routes for the Spiroketal Fragment in Calyculin A Based on Conformational Analysis. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(n)11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Total synthesis of (−)-2-epi-lentiginosine by use of chiral 5-hydroxy-1,5-dihydropyrrol-2-one as a building block. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Geny A, Leboeuf D, Rouquié G, Vollhardt KPC, Malacria M, Gandon V, Aubert C. Cobalt(I)-Mediated Preparation of Polyborylated Cyclohexadienes: Scope, Limitations, and Mechanistic Insight. Chemistry 2007; 13:5408-25. [PMID: 17492821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,3- and 1,4-diboryl-1,3-cyclohexadienes have been prepared by intermolecular CoCp-mediated [2+2+2] cocyclizations of alkynylboronic pinacolate esters with alkenes, followed by oxidative demetallation with iron(III) chloride. The effect of substitution at the borylated alkyne on chemo- and regioselectivities has been studied, suggesting steric control. The proper choice of substituents allowed the preparation of 1,3-diborylated cyclohexadienes in a highly selective manner. Alternatively, 1,4-diborylated cyclohexadienes could be prepared from diborylated diynes. The scope of this reaction has been examined and found to include electron-poor, electron-rich, linear, and cyclic alkenes. The diborylated cyclohexadienes were submitted to single or double Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions with haloarenes to afford polyarylated systems. The mechanism of the title reaction, including the regioselectivity of the cycloaddition steps, has been analyzed by means of DFT computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Geny
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Tour 44-54, 4 place Jussieu 75252 Paris, France
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25
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Bull JA, Balskus EP, Horan RAJ, Langner M, Ley SV. Total Synthesis of Potent Antifungal Marine Bisoxazole Natural Products Bengazoles A and B. Chemistry 2007; 13:5515-38. [PMID: 17440905 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bengazoles are a family of marine natural products that display potent antifungal activity and a unique structure, containing two oxazole rings flanking a single carbon atom. Total syntheses of bengazole A and B are described, which contain a sensitive stereogenic centre at this position between the two oxazoles. Additionally, the synthesis of 10-epi-bengazole A is reported. Two parallel synthetic routes were investigated, relying on construction of the 2,4-disubstituted oxazole under mild conditions and a diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Our successful route is high yielding, provides rapid access to single stereoisomers of the complex natural products and allows the synthesis of analogues for biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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26
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Negishi EI. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Organometallic Reactions that Have Revolutionized Organic Synthesis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Daniel PT, Koert U, Schuppan J. Apoptolidin: Induction of Apoptosis by a Natural Product. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:872-93. [PMID: 16404760 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Apoptolidin is a natural product that selectively induces apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. Apoptosis, programmed cell death, is a biological key pathway for regulating homeostasis and morphogenesis. Apoptotic misregulations are connected with several diseases, in particular cancer. The extrinsic way to apoptosis leads through death ligands and death receptors to the activiation of the caspase cascade, which results in proteolytic degradation of the cell architecture. The intrinsic pathway transmits signals of internal cellular damage to the mitochondrion, which loses its structural integrity, and forms an apoptosome that initiates the caspase cascade. Compounds which regulate apoptosis are of high medical significance. Many natural products regulate apoptotic pathways, and apoptolidin is one of them. The known synthetic routes to apoptolidin are described and compared in this Review. Selected further natural products which regulate apoptosis are introduced briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Daniel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center Charité, Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
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28
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Daniel PT, Koert U, Schuppan J. Apoptolidin: Induktion von Apoptose durch einen Naturstoff. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Bughin C, Zhao G, Bienaymé H, Zhu J. 5-Aminooxazole as an Internal Traceless Activator of C-Terminal Carboxylic Acid: Rapid Access to Diversely Functionalized Cyclodepsipeptides. Chemistry 2006; 12:1174-84. [PMID: 16240318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A conceptually novel macrolactonization protocol has been developed. It is a domino process involving a sequence of: 1) protonation of 5-aminooxazole leading to the electrophilic iminium salt; 2) trapping of the iminium species by the neighboring C-terminal carboxylic acid leading to a putative spirolactone; and 3) intramolecular nucleophilic addition of the tethered alcohol to the spirolactone followed by fragmentation. The strategically incorporated 5-aminooxazole serves as an internal traceless activator of the neighboring C-terminal carboxylic acid, since it became an integral part of the peptide backbone after cyclization. No coupling reagent is required and the entire sequence is triggered by just a few equivalents of trifluoroacetic acid under very mild conditions (MeCN as the solvent at room temperature). The spirolactone as an activated form of the carboxylic acid has been evidenced by a sulfur-migration experiment. By combining with a three-component synthesis of 5-aminooxazole, a two-step synthesis of structurally complex cyclodepsipeptides from readily accessible starting materials was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Bughin
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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30
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Gandon V, Aubert C, Malacria M. Recent progress in cobalt-mediated [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2209-17. [PMID: 16718307 DOI: 10.1039/b517696b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For many years, our research group has been interested in the new developments of cobalt-mediated cyclizations. In this article, our recent achievements in the field of inter- and intramolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cyclizations are compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gandon
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique-UMR 7611, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire FR 2769, Tour 44-54, 2 étage, CC. 229, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Gandon V, Leboeuf D, Amslinger S, Vollhardt KPC, Malacria M, Aubert C. Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselective Cobalt-Mediated [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Boronates to Alkenes: 1,3- and 1,4-Diboryl-1,3-cyclohexadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200502038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gandon V, Leboeuf D, Amslinger S, Vollhardt KPC, Malacria M, Aubert C. Chemo-, Regio-, and Stereoselective Cobalt-Mediated [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Boronates to Alkenes: 1,3- and 1,4-Diboryl-1,3-cyclohexadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:7114-8. [PMID: 16217821 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200502038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gandon
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire-FR2769, Laboratoire de Chimie Organique -UMR 7611, Paris, France
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34
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Pedersen H, Sinning S, Bulow A, Wiborg O, Falborg L, Bols M. Combinatorial synthesis of benztropine libraries and their evaluation as monoamine transporter inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:2861-9. [PMID: 15455161 DOI: 10.1039/b405768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combinatorial synthesis of benztropine analogues is presented. Radical azidonation of 3-benzyloxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 3 to 3-(1-azidobenzyloxy)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester 4 was used as a key step in the synthesis. This step was optimized by adding 10% DMF to the reaction. Reaction of 4 with phenyl magnesium bromide followed by Boc removal and N-methylation gave benztropine 1. Reaction of five-component Grignard reagents with 4 was used to create a two-dimensional library of 25 N-normethylbenztropine analogues. Further reaction of this library with five alkyl bromides was carried out to create a three-dimensional library containing 125 compounds. Screening of the libraries towards binding and inhibition of uptake of the human dopamine (hDAT), serotonin (hSERT) and norepinephrine transporters (hNET) was carried out. None of the synthesized compounds were found to be stronger than benztropine, and none were selective for inhibition of binding over monoamine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C
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36
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Chapter 9 First total synthesis of (+)-Amphidinolide T1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6004(04)80032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Ohfune Y, Demura T, Iwama S, Matsuda H, Namba K, Shimamoto K, Shinada T. Stereocontrolled synthesis of a potent agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors, (+)-LY354740, and its related derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Phosphonate Chemistry and Reagents in the Synthesis of Biologically Active and Natural Products. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-46100-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Wakimoto T, Matsunaga S, Takai A, Fusetani N. Insight into binding of calyculin A to protein phosphatase 1: isolation of hemicalyculin a and chemical transformation of calyculin A. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2002; 9:309-19. [PMID: 11927256 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(02)00118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Calyculin A isolated from the marine sponge Discodermia calyx is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. We attempted to elucidate its mode of binding to the enzymes by examining the activity of natural and chemically transformed derivatives. Ten natural derivatives including a new compound, hemicalyculin A, were provided. The structure of hemicalyculin A, which comprises the southern hemisphere of calyculin A, was firmly established by chemical methods. Six compounds were prepared by selective modifications of functional groups in calyculin A. The enzyme inhibitory activity of these compounds indicated that 17-phosphate, 13-hydroxyl, and the hydrophobic tetraene moieties were all necessary for binding to the enzymes. The derivatives lacking the peptide portion were less cytotoxic even when they possessed full enzyme inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Wakimoto
- Laboratory of Aquatic Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Clapham B, Spanka C, Janda KD. Solid-phase rhodium carbenoid reactions: an N-H insertion route to a diverse series of oxazoles. Org Lett 2001; 3:2173-6. [PMID: 11440572 DOI: 10.1021/ol010075n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The solid-phase synthesis of a series of oxazoles is described. The key step in the construction of these molecules involves the rhodium-catalyzed decomposition of polymer-bound alpha-diazo-beta-ketoesters. These reactions are performed in the presence of primary amides and yield the corresponding N-H insertion products. Subsequent cyclodehydration of these alpha-(acylamino)-beta-ketoesters provides the corresponding resin-bound 2,5-disubstituted oxazoles, which are further elaborated during cleavage from the resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clapham
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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43
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Legros JY, Primault G, Fiaud JC. Syntheses of acetylquinolines and acetylisoquinolines via palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. Tetrahedron 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)00076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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44
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Brizius G, Pschirer NG, Steffen W, Stitzer K, zur Loye HC, Bunz UHF. Alkyne Metathesis with Simple Catalyst Systems: Efficient Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Containing Vinyl Groups in Main or Side Chain. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen Brizius
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Neil Gregory Pschirer
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Winfried Steffen
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Katherine Stitzer
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Hans-Conrad zur Loye
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
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Michalczyk R, Schmidt J, Moody E, Li Z, Wu R, Dunlap R, Odom J, Silks III L. Unusual C−H⋅⋅⋅Se=C Interactions in Aldols of ChiralN-Acyl Selones Detected by Gradient-Selected1H–77Se HMQC NMR Spectroscopy and X-ray Crystallography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20000901)39:17<3067::aid-anie3067>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Michalczyk R, Schmidt J, Moody E, Li Z, Wu R, Dunlap R, Odom J, Silks III L. Ungewöhnliche C−H⋅⋅⋅Se=C-Wechselwirkungen in Aldolprodukten chiralerN-Acylselone, beobachtet durch gradientenselektierte1H-77Se-HMQC-NMR-Spektroskopie und Kristallstrukturanalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20000901)112:17<3200::aid-ange3200>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kondru RK, Beratan DN, Friestad GK, Smith AB, Wipf P. Chiral action at a distance: remote substituent effects on the optical activity of calyculins A and B. Org Lett 2000; 2:1509-12. [PMID: 10841466 DOI: 10.1021/ol005634p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure--see text] Calyculins A and B differ only by the (E)- vs (Z)-configuration at C(2). Yet, they show a large difference in optical rotations. We demonstrate a new strategy that provides a physical analysis of this long-range chiro-optical effect by Boltzmann-averaged atomic contribution mapping. The polarizability characteristics of the CN substituent rather than the perturbation of the stereogenic centers or the introduction of asymmetry into the polyene chain give rise to the remarkable difference in rotation angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Kondru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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