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Xu S, Li X, Sun C, Zheng A, Zhang W, Han X, Liu X, Bao X. Mapping the dynamics of methanol and xenon co-adsorption in SWNTs by in situ continuous-flow hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3287-3293. [PMID: 30681681 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07238h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of the dynamics of methanol in SWNTs and MCM-41 was performed by in situ continuous-flow laser-hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Cheng Sun
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Dalian University
- Dalian
- China
| | - Anmin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430071
- China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xiuwen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xianchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
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Barskiy DA, Coffey AM, Nikolaou P, Mikhaylov DM, Goodson BM, Branca RT, Lu GJ, Shapiro MG, Telkki VV, Zhivonitko VV, Koptyug IV, Salnikov OG, Kovtunov KV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Rosen MS, Barlow MJ, Safavi S, Hall IP, Schröder L, Chekmenev EY. NMR Hyperpolarization Techniques of Gases. Chemistry 2017; 23:725-751. [PMID: 27711999 PMCID: PMC5462469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4-8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila A Barskiy
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron M Coffey
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Panayiotis Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | | | - Boyd M Goodson
- Southern Illinois University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Rosa T Branca
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - George J Lu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Vladimir V Zhivonitko
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oleg G Salnikov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kirill V Kovtunov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St. 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valerii I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Pr., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matthew S Rosen
- MGH/A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Michael J Barlow
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Shahideh Safavi
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Leif Schröder
- Molecular Imaging, Department of Structural Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Y Chekmenev
- Department of Radiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Physics, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center (VICC), Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Cukras J, Sadlej J. Theoretical predictions of the spectroscopic parameters in noble-gas molecules: HXeOH and its complex with water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:15455-67. [PMID: 21804992 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21359h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We employ state-of-the-art methods and basis sets to study the effect of inserting the Xe atom into the water molecule and the water dimer on their NMR parameters. Our aim is to obtain predictions for the future experimental investigation of novel xenon complexes by NMR spectroscopy. Properties such as molecular structure and energetics have been studied by supermolecular approaches using HF, MP2, CCSD, CCSD(T) and MP4 methods. The bonding in HXeOH···H(2)O complexes has been analyzed by Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory to provide the intricate insight into the nature of the interaction. We focus on vibrational spectra, NMR shielding and spin-spin coupling constants-experimental signals that reflect the electronic structures of the compounds. The parameters have been calculated at electron-correlated and Dirac-Hartree-Fock relativistic levels. This study has elucidated that the insertion of the Xe atom greatly modifies the NMR properties, including both the electron correlation and relativistic effects, the (129)Xe shielding constants decrease in HXeOH and HXeOH···H(2)O in comparison to Xe atom; the (17)O, as a neighbour of Xe, is deshielded too. The HXeOH···H(2)O complex in its most stable form is stabilized mainly by induction and dispersion energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Cukras
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Cheng CY, Stamatatos TC, Christou G, Bowers CR. Molecular Wheels as Nanoporous Materials: Differing Modes of Gas Diffusion through Ga10 and Ga18 Wheels Probed by Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5387-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ja908327w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32606-7200
| | | | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32606-7200
| | - Clifford R. Bowers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32606-7200
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Gotoh K, Ueda T, Eguchi T, Kawabata K, Yamamoto K, Murakami Y, Hayakawa S, Ishida H. Pore Structure of Hard Carbon Made from Phenolic Resin Studied by129Xe NMR. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Simultaneous adsorption of Cd2+ and phenol on modified N-doped carbon nanotubes: Experimental and DFT studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 334:124-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Romanenko KV, Lapina OB, Kuznetsov VL, Fraissard J. Potential of 129Xe NMR spectroscopy of adsorbed xenon for testing the chemical state of the surface of mesoporous carbon materials illustrated by the example of aggregates of diamond and onion-like carbon nanoparticles. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158409010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Romanenko KV, Lapina OB, Py X, Fraissard J. 129Xe NMR spectroscopy of adsorbed xenon: Possibilites for exploration of microporous carbon materials. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363208110388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang S, Liang R, Wang B, Zhang C. Reinforcing polymer composites with epoxide-grafted carbon nanotubes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:085710. [PMID: 21730741 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/8/085710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An in situ functionalization method was used to graft epoxide onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and improve the integration of SWNTs into epoxy polymer. The characterization results of Raman, FT-IR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) validated the successful functionalization with epoxide. These functionalized SWNTs were used to fabricate nanocomposites, resulting in uniform dispersion and strong interfacial bonding. The mechanical test demonstrated that, with only 1 wt% loading of functionalized SWNTs, the tensile strength of nanocomposites was improved by 40%, and Young's modulus by 60%.These results suggested that efficient load transfer has been achieved through epoxide-grafting. This investigation provided an efficient way to improve the interfacial bonding of multifunctional high-performance nanocomposites for lightweight structure material applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiren Wang
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Cheng CY, Pfeilsticker J, Bowers CR. Dramatic enhancement of hyperpolarized xenon-129 2D-NMR exchange cross-peak signals in nanotubes by interruption of the gas flow. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2390-1. [PMID: 18237170 DOI: 10.1021/ja078031i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118440, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8440, USA
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11
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Liu Y, Zhang W, Xie S, Xu L, Han X, Bao X. Probing the porosity of cocrystallized MCM-49/ZSM-35 zeolites by hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:1226-31. [PMID: 18181607 DOI: 10.1021/jp077396m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One- and two-dimensional 129Xe NMR spectroscopy has been employed to study the porosity of cocrystallized MCM-49/ZSM-35 zeolites under the continuous flow of hyperpolarized xenon gas. It is found by variable-temperature experiments that Xe atoms can be adsorbed in different domains of MCM-49/ZSM-35 cocrystallized zeolites and the mechanically mixed counterparts. The exchange of Xe atoms in different types of pores is very fast at ambient temperatures. Even at very low temperature two-dimensional exchange spectra (EXSY) show that Xe atoms still undergo much faster exchange between MCM-49 and ZSM-35 analogues in the cocrystallized zeolites than in the mechanical mixture. This demonstrates that the MCM-49 and ZSM-35 analogues in cocrystallized zeolites may be stacked much closer than in the physical mixture, and some parts of intergrowth may be formed due to the partially similar basic structure of MCM-49 and ZSM-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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Chakraborty S, Raj CR. Mediated electrocatalytic oxidation of bioanalytes and biosensing of glutamate using functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes-biopolymer nanocomposite. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2007.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Cheng CY, Bowers CR. Direct Observation of Atoms Entering and Exiting l-Alanyl-l-valine Nanotubes by Hyperpolarized Xenon-129 NMR. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13997-4002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja074563n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Cheng
- Contribution from the Chemistry Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Clifford R. Bowers
- Contribution from the Chemistry Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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Wang S, Liang Z, Liu T, Wang B, Zhang C. Effective amino-functionalization of carbon nanotubes for reinforcing epoxy polymer composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2006; 17:1551-1557. [PMID: 26558557 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/6/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An effective functionalization method was investigated to take full advantage of the exceptional performance of both carbon nanotubes and epoxy polymer for composite application. Epoxy polymer curing agent, EPI-W, was grafted to the single-walled carbon nanotubes through diazotization. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamical mechanical analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis were performed to characterize the functionalization effect. The degree of functionalization was estimated to be 1 in 50 carbons in the nanotube framework. The elastic modulus of the nanocomposite was enhanced 24.6% with only 0.5 wt% loading of functionalized carbon nanotubes, in contrast to the 3.2% increase of un-functionalized carbon nanotube reinforced composite. This significant improvement suggested an effective way to realize an industrial application of nanotubes reinforcing epoxy composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiren Wang
- Florida Advanced Center for Composite Technologies, Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL32310, USA
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16
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A continuous gas flow MAS NMR probe for operando studies of hydrocarbon conversion on heterogeneous catalysts. CR CHIM 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2005.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Ueda T, Omi H, Yukioka T, Eguchi T. High-Pressure129Xe NMR Study of the Intermolecular Interaction of Xenon Confined in Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.79.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Nosaka AY, Nosaka Y. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2006; 74:406-411. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.74.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] Open
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Omi H, Ueda T, Kato N, Miyakubo K, Eguchi T. Local structure of xenon adsorbed in the nanospaces of zeolites as studied by high-pressure 129Xe NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:3857-66. [DOI: 10.1039/b604633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Gong K, Zhu X, Zhao R, Xiong S, Mao L, Chen C. Rational Attachment of Synthetic Triptycene Orthoquinone onto Carbon Nanotubes for Electrocatalysis and Sensitive Detection of Thiols. Anal Chem 2005; 77:8158-65. [PMID: 16351170 DOI: 10.1021/ac0512397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates a novel electrochemical method for sensitive determination of biological thiols including homocysteine, cysteine, and glutathione based on rational functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with synthetic triptycene orthoquinone (TOQ). Unlike previous strategies used for the functionalization of the carbon nanotubes to fabricate new kind of electrochemically functional nanostructures, the method demonstrated here is essentially based on understanding of the redox properties inherent in the SWNTs themselves. It is demonstrated that the electrochemical oxidation of the thiols at the SWNT-modified electrode is redox-mediated by the quinone-like functional groups at the tube ends and that the low density of such functional groups leads to a follow-up oxidation of the thiols at a more positive potential at the electrode. To mimic the redox properties of the SWNTs and thus to increase the catalytic sites onto the SWNTs, we rationally choose the synthetic TOQ and attach such a compound onto the SWNTs. As a result, it is found that the rational attachment of TOQ onto the SWNTs substantially results in a sufficient electrocatalysis toward the thiols at a low potential of 0.0 V with enhanced sensitivities (i.e., almost by a factor of 10-fold) for the determination of such kind of species in relative to those at the SWNT-modified electrode. The high sensitivity and the good stability as well as the high reproducibility of the TOQ/SWNT-modified electrodes substantially make them very useful for reliable and durable determination of the biological thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanping Gong
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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21
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de Lucas A, Garrido A, Sánchez P, Romero A, Valverde JL. Growth of Carbon Nanofibers from Ni/Y Zeolite Based Catalysts: Effects of Ni Introduction Method, Reaction Temperature, and Reaction Gas Composition. Ind Eng Chem Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ie058027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio de Lucas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Escuela Técnica Agrícola, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de CastillaLa Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Agustín Garrido
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Escuela Técnica Agrícola, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de CastillaLa Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Escuela Técnica Agrícola, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de CastillaLa Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Amaya Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Escuela Técnica Agrícola, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de CastillaLa Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José L. Valverde
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Escuela Técnica Agrícola, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de CastillaLa Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Clewett CFM, Pietrass T. 129Xe and 131Xe NMR of Gas Adsorption on Single- and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:17907-12. [PMID: 16853297 DOI: 10.1021/jp052475o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
129Xe and 131Xe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to study the adsorption of xenon gas on as-produced single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Overall, the adsorption was weak, with slightly stronger interaction between xenon and multi-walled nanotubes. Temperature-dependent spectra, relaxation times, line widths, and signal intensities provide evidence that xenon forms a multilayer bulk phase rather than a homogeneous surface coating. The estimated adsorption energy of 1.6 kJ/mol is significantly lower than 23 kJ/mol predicted for monolayer adsorption but is in keeping with the Xe-Xe attractive potential. Xenon preferentially adsorbs on metallic particles in single-walled tubes, while defects are the nucleation sites for the stronger adsorption on multi-walled tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F M Clewett
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA
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Zhang M, Liu K, Gong K, Su L, Chen Y, Mao L. Continuous On-Line Monitoring of Extracellular Ascorbate Depletion in the Rat Striatum Induced by Global Ischemia with Carbon Nanotube-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode Integrated into a Thin-Layer Radial Flow Cell. Anal Chem 2005; 77:6234-42. [PMID: 16194084 DOI: 10.1021/ac051188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a novel analytical system integrating in vivo microdialysis sampling with a radial thin-layer flow cell with a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-modified glassy carbon electrode as working electrode for continuous and on-line monitoring of ascorbate depletion in the rat striatum induced by global ischemia. The SWNTs, especially those after vacuum heat treatment at 500 degrees C, are found to be able to enhance the electron-transfer kinetics of ascorbate oxidation at a low potential (ca. -50 mV) and possess a strong ability against electrode fouling. These properties essentially make it possible to determine ascorbate with a good stability and high selectivity against catecholamines and their metabolites and other electroactive species of physiological levels. While being integrated with in vivo microdialysis to assemble an on-line analytical system, the electrode is proved useful for continuous and sensitive monitoring of the basal dialysate level of ascorbate and its depletion in the rat striatum induced by global ischemia. The basal dialysate level of ascorbate is determined to be 5.0 +/- 0.5 microM (n = 5) and a 50 +/- 10% (n = 3) depletion is recorded for the basal ascorbate after 4 h of global ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meining Zhang
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Romanenko KV, Fonseca A, Dumonteil S, Nagy JB, d'Espinose de Lacaillerie JB, Lapina OB, Fraissard J. 129Xe NMR study of Xe adsorption on multiwall carbon nanotubes. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2005; 28:135-41. [PMID: 16102946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 07/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
129Xe NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the adsorption of Xe on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The results obtained have shown the 129Xe NMR ability to probe the intercrystalline (aggregate) and the inner porosity of CNT. In particular, the effects on porosity of tubes openings by hydrogen exposure and of ball milling were examined. Dramatic changes observed in the 129Xe NMR spectra after moderate ball milling of MWCNTs were attributed to the destruction of the initial intercrystalline pore structure and to the Xe access inside the nanotubes. To examine the exchange dynamics the mixture of as-made and milled MWCNTs was studied with one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) 129Xe NMR. The exchange between the interior of milled nanotubes and the aggregate pores of as-made MWCNTs was fast on the NMR acquisition time scale. The Xenon exchange between the interior of the as-made MWCNTs and the large aggregate pores occurred on a longer time scale of 10 ms, as was established by 2D 129Xe NMR exchange spectroscopy. Variable temperature 129Xe NMR data were also discussed and analyzed in terms of the fast exchange approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Romanenko
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Gong K, Yan Y, Zhang M, Su L, Xiong S, Mao L. Electrochemistry and Electroanalytical Applications of Carbon Nanotubes: A Review. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:1383-93. [PMID: 16379375 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review addresses recent developments in electrochemistry and electroanalytical chemistry of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs have been proved to possess unique electronic, chemical and structural features that make them very attractive for electrochemical studies and electrochemical applications. For example, the structural and electronic properties of the CNTs endow them with distinct electrocatalytic activities and capabilities for facilitating direct electrochemistry of proteins and enzymes from other kinds of carbon materials. These striking electrochemical properties of the CNTs pave the way to CNT-based bioelectrochemistry and to bioelectronic nanodevices, such as electrochemical sensors and biosensors. The electrochemistry and bioelectrochemistry of the CNTs are summarized and discussed, along with some common methods for CNT electrode preparation and some recent advances in the rational functionalization of the CNTs for electroanalytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanping Gong
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Pecul M, Saue T, Ruud K, Rizzo A. Electric field effects on the shielding constants of noble gases: A four-component relativistic Hartree-Fock study. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:3051-7. [PMID: 15291614 DOI: 10.1063/1.1771635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Second derivatives of nuclear shielding constants with respect to an electric field, i.e., shielding polarizabilities, have been calculated for the noble gas atoms from helium to xenon. The calculations have been carried out using the four-component relativistic Hartree-Fock method. In order to assess the importance of the individual relativistic corrections, the shielding polarizabilities have also been calculated at the nonrelativistic Hartree-Fock level, with spin-orbit and scalar (Darwin and mass-velocity) effects having been established by perturbative methods. Electron correlation effects have been estimated using the second-order polarization propagator approach. The relativistic effects on the tensor components of the shielding polarizabilities are found to be larger and changing less regularly with the atomic number than for the shielding constant itself. However, there is a partial cancellation of the contributions to the parallel and perpendicular components of the shielding polarizability and as a consequence the mean shielding polarizability is far less affected than the individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pecul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037, Norway
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Mortuza MG, Anala S, Pavlovskaya GE, Dieken TJ, Meersmann T. Spin-exchange optical pumping of high-density xenon-129. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1539042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Merkel TC, Toy LG, Andrady AL, Gracz H, Stejskal EO. Investigation of Enhanced Free Volume in Nanosilica-Filled Poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) by 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0256690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Merkel
- Center for Energy Technology, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194
| | - L. G. Toy
- Center for Energy Technology, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194
| | - A. L. Andrady
- Center for Energy Technology, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194
| | - H. Gracz
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7622
| | - E. O. Stejskal
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
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Ueda T, Eguchi T, Nakamura N, Wasylishen RE. High-Pressure 129Xe NMR Study of Xenon Confined in the Nanochannels of Solid (±)-[Co(en)3]Cl3. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021679r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Taro Eguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Nobuo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Roderick E. Wasylishen
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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Rice CV, Raftery D. Rubidium–xenon spin exchange and relaxation rates measured at high pressure and high magnetic field. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1500733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Wang W, Seiler M, Ivanova II, Sternberg U, Weitkamp J, Hunger M. Formation and decomposition of N,N,N-trimethylanilinium cations on zeolite H-Y investigated by in situ stopped-flow MAS NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:7548-54. [PMID: 12071765 DOI: 10.1021/ja012675n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methylation of aniline by methanol on zeolite H-Y has been investigated by in situ (13)C MAS NMR spectroscopy under flow conditions. The in situ (13)C continuous-flow (CF) MAS NMR experiments were performed at reaction temperatures between 473 and 523 K, molar methanol-to-aniline ratios of 1:1 to 4:1, and modified residence times of (13)CH(3)OH between 20 and 100 (g x h)/mol. The methylation reaction was shown to start at 473 K. N,N,N-Trimethylanilinium cations causing a (13)C NMR signal at 58 ppm constitute the major product on the catalyst surface. Small amounts of protonated N-methylaniline ([PhNH(2)CH(3)](+)) and N,N-dimethylaniline ([PhNH(CH(3))(2)](+)) were also observed at ca. 39 and 48 ppm, respectively. After increase of the temperature to 523 K, the contents of N,N-dimethylanilinium cations and ring-alkylated reaction products strongly increased, accompanied by a decrease of the amount of N,N,N-trimethylanilinium cations. With application of the in situ stopped-flow (SF) MAS NMR technique, the decomposition of N,N,N-trimethylanilinium cations on zeolite H-Y to N,N-dimethylanilinium and N-methylanilinium cations was investigated to gain a deeper insight into the reaction mechanism. The results obtained allow the proposal of a mechanism consisting of three steps: (i) the conversion of methanol to surface methoxy groups and dimethyl ether (DME); (ii) the alkylation of aniline with methanol, methoxy groups, or DME leading to an equilibrium mixture of N,N,N-trimethylanilinium, N,N-dimethylanilinium, and N-methylanilinium cations attached to the zeolite surface; (iii) the deprotonation of N,N-dimethylanilinium and N-methylanilinium cations causing the formation of N,N-dimethylaniline (NNDMA) and N-methylaniline (NMA) in the gas phase, respectively. The chemical equilibrium between the anilinium cations carrying different numbers of methyl groups is suggested to play a key role for the products distribution in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Chemical Technology, University of Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Jameson CJ. Calculations of Xe line shapes in model nanochannels: Grand canonical Monte Carlo averaging of the 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift tensor. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1468884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Saxena S, Wong-Foy A, Moule AJ, Seeley JA, McDermott R, Clarke J, Pines A. Resolution of (129)Xe chemical shifts at ultralow magnetic field. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:8133-4. [PMID: 11506577 DOI: 10.1021/ja011064s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Saxena
- Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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