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Shi Y, Li C, Di J, Xue Y, Jia Y, Duan J, Hu X, Tian Y, Li Y, Sun C, Zhang N, Xiong Y, Jin T, Chen P. Polycationic Open-Shell Cyclophanes: Synthesis of Electron-Rich Chiral Macrocycles, and Redox-Dependent Electronic States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402800. [PMID: 38411404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated chiral nanorings with intriguing electronic structures and chiroptical properties have attracted considerable interests in synthetic chemistry and materials science. We present the design principles to access new chiral macrocycles (1 and 2) that are essentially built on the key components of main-group electron-donating carbazolyl moieties or the π-expanded aza[7]helicenes. Both macrocycles show the unique molecular conformations with a (quasi) figure-of-eight topology as a result of the conjugation patterns of 2,2',7,7'-spirobifluorenyl in 1 and triarylamine-coupled aza[7]helicene-based building blocks in 2. This electronic nature of redox-active, carbazole-rich backbones enabled these macrocycles to be readily oxidized chemically and electrochemically, leading to the sequential production of a series of positively charged polycationic open-shell cyclophanes. Their redox-dependent electronic states of the resulting multispin polyradicals have been characterized by VT-ESR, UV/Vis-NIR absorption and spectroelectrochemical measurements. The singlet (ΔES-T=-1.29 kcal mol-1) and a nearly degenerate singlet-triplet ground state (ΔES-T(calcd)=-0.15 kcal mol-1 and ΔES-T(exp)=0.01 kcal mol-1) were proved for diradical dications 12+2⋅ and 22+2⋅, respectively. Our work provides an experimental proof for the construction of electron-donating new chiral nanorings, and more importantly for highly charged polyradicals with potential applications in chirospintronics and organic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yuting Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Cuiping Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science, Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
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2
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Ikeno A, Hayakawa M, Sakai M, Tsutsui Y, Nakatsuka S, Seki S, Hatakeyama T. π-Extended 9b-Boraphenalenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Physical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17084-17093. [PMID: 38861619 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Boraphenalenes, compounds in which one carbon atom in the phenalenyl skeleton is replaced with a boron atom, have attracted attention for their solid-state and electronic structures; however, the construction of boraphenalene skeletons remains challenging because of the lack of suitable methods. Through this study, we showed that the tandem borylative cyclization of C3-symmetric dehydrobenzo[12]annulenes produces a new class of fully fused boron-atom-embedded polycyclic hydrocarbons possessing a 9b-boraphenalene skeleton. The obtained compounds exhibited high electron-accepting characteristics, and their two-step redox process was reversible in the reductive region, involving interconversion of 9b-boraphenalene between Hückel aromaticity and antiaromaticity. Notably, the benzo[b]fluorene-fused derivative exhibited a stepwise single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) phase transition triggered by thermal annealing. Intermolecular electron coupling calculation of the crystal structures suggested a significant improvement of charge transporting ability associated with the SCSC phase transition. Moreover, adequate photoconductivity was observed for the single crystals before and after the SCSC phase transition through flash photolysis-time-resolved microwave conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Ikeno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mugiho Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Scholz AS, Massoth JG, Stoess L, Bolte M, Braun M, Lerner HW, Mewes JM, Wagner M, Froitzheim T. NBN- and BNB-Phenalenyls: the Yin and Yang of Heteroatom-doped π Systems. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400320. [PMID: 38426580 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
NBN- and BNB-doped phenalenyls are isoelectronic to phenalenyl anions and cations, respectively. They represent a pair of complementary molecules that have essentially identical structures but opposite properties as electron donors and acceptors. The NBN-phenalenyls 1-4 considered here were prepared from N,N'-dimethyl-1,8-diaminonaphthalene and readily available boron-containing building blocks (i. e., BH3⋅SMe2 (1), p-CF3-C6H4B(OH)2 (2), C6H5B(OH)2 (3), or MesBCl2/iPr2NEt (4)). Treatment of 1 with 4-Me2N-2,6-Me2-C6H2Li gave the corresponding NBN derivative 5. The BNB-phenalenyl 6 was synthesized from 1,8-naphthalenediyl-bridged diborane(6), PhNH2, and MesMgBr. A computational study reveals that the photoemission of 1, 4, and 5 originates from locally excited (LE) states at the NBN-phenalenyl fragments, while that of 2 is dominated by charge transfer (CT) from the NBN-phenalenyl to the p-CF3-C6H4 fragment. Depending on the dihedral angle θ between its Ph and NBN planes, compound 3 emits mainly from a less polar LE (θ >55°) or more polar CT state (θ <55°). In turn, the energetic preference for either state is governed by the polarity of the solvent used. An equimolar aggregate of the NBN- and BNB-phenalenyls 3 and 6 (in THF/H2O) shows a distinct red-shifted emission compared to that of the individual components, which originates from an intermolecular CT state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian G Massoth
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lennart Stoess
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Braun
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan-M Mewes
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Froitzheim
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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Wang Q, Wang M, Zheng K, Ye W, Zhang S, Wang B, Long X. High-Performance Room Temperature Ammonia Sensors Based on Pure Organic Molecules Featuring B-N Covalent Bond. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308483. [PMID: 38482745 PMCID: PMC11109643 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Exploring organic semiconductor gas sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity is crucial for the development of sensor technology. Herein, for the first time, a promising chemiresistive organic polymer P-BNT based on a novel π-conjugated triarylboron building block is reported, showcasing an excellent responsivity over 30 000 (Ra/Rg) against 40 ppm of NH3, which is ≈3300 times higher than that of its B-N organic small molecule BN-H. More importantly, a molecular induction strategy to weaken the bond dissociation energy between polymer and NH3 caused by strong acid-base interaction is further executed to optimize the response and recovery time. As a result, the BN-H/P-BNT system with rapid response and recovery times can still exhibit a high responsivity of 718, which is among the highest reported NH3 chemiresistive sensors. Supported by in situ FTIR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, it is revealed that the N-H fractions in BN-H small molecule promoted the charge distribution on phenyl groups, which increases charge delocalization and is more conducive to gas adsorption in such molecular systems. Notably, these distinctive small molecules also promoted charge transfer and enhanced electron concentration of the P-BNT sensing polymer, thus achieving superior B-N-containing organic molecules with excellent sensing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐fibers and Eco‐textilesCollaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological TextilesInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Meilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐fibers and Eco‐textilesCollaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological TextilesInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐fibers and Eco‐textilesCollaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological TextilesInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Wanneng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐fibers and Eco‐textilesCollaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological TextilesInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Nanoscience and EngineeringHenan UniversityKaifeng475004P. R. China
| | - Binbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐fibers and Eco‐textilesCollaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological TextilesInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao266071P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐fibers and Eco‐textilesCollaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological TextilesInstitute of Marine Biobased MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao266071P. R. China
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5
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Scholz AS, Bolte M, Virovets A, Peresypkina E, Lerner HW, Anstöter CS, Wagner M. Tetramerization of BEB-Doped Phenalenyls to Obtain (BE) 8-[16]Annulenes (E = N, O). J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12100-12112. [PMID: 38635878 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Two (BE)8-[16]annulenes were prepared and fully characterized by experimental and quantum-chemical means (1, E = N; 2, E = O). The 1,8-naphthalenediyl-bridged diborane(6) 3 served as their common starting material, which was treated with [Al(NH3)6]Cl3 to form 1 (91% yield) or with 1,8-naphthalenediboronic acid anhydride to form 2 (93% yield). As a result, the heteroannulenes 1 and 2 are supported by four aromatic "clamps" and may also be viewed as NH- or O-bridged cyclic tetramers of BNB- or BOB-doped phenalenyls. X-ray crystallography on mono-, di-, and tetraadducts 2·thf, 2·py2, and 2·py4 showed that 2 is an oligotopic Lewis acid (thf/py: tetrahydrofuran/pyridine donor). The applicability of 2 also as a Lewis basic ligand in coordination chemistry was demonstrated by the synthesis of the mononuclear Ag+ complex [Ag(py)2(2·py4)]+ and the dinuclear Pb2+ complex 6. During the assembly of 6, the rearrangement of 2 led to the formation of two (BO)9-macrocycles linked by two BOB-phenalenyls to form a nanometer-sized cage with four negatively charged, tetracoordinated B atoms. Both 1 and 2 show several redox waves in the cathodic regions of the cyclic voltammograms. An in-depth assessment of the consequences of electron injection on the aromaticity of 1 and 2 was achieved by electronic structure calculations. 1 and 2 are proposed to exhibit aromatic switching capabilities in the [16]annulene motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eugenia Peresypkina
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cate S Anstöter
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YLEdinburgh,U.K
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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McGlamery D, McDaniel C, Ladd DM, Ha Y, Mosquera MA, Mock MT, Stadie NP. Halide-free synthesis of metastable graphitic BC 3. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4358-4363. [PMID: 38516090 PMCID: PMC10952104 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06837d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Layered BC3, a metastable phase within the binary boron-carbon system that is composed of graphite-like sheets with hexagonally symmetric C6B6 units, has never been successfully crystallized. Instead, poorly-crystalline BC3-like materials with significant stacking disorder have been isolated, based on the co-pyrolysis of a boron trihalide precursor with benzene at around 800 °C. The halide leaving group (-X) is a significant driving force of these reactions, but the subsequent evolution of gaseous HX species at such high temperatures hampers their scaling up and also prohibits their further use in the presence of hard-casting templates such as ordered silicates. Herein, we report a novel halide-free synthesis route to turbostratic BC3 with long-range in-plane ordering, as evidenced by multi-wavelength Raman spectroscopy. Judicious pairing of the two molecular precursors is crucial to achieving B-C bond formation and preventing phase-segregation into the thermodynamically favored products. A simple computational method used herein to evaluate the compatibility of bottom-up molecular precursors can be generalized to guide the future synthesis of other metastable materials beyond the boron-carbon system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin McGlamery
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Charles McDaniel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Dylan M Ladd
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Yang Ha
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Michael T Mock
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Nicholas P Stadie
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
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Deng CL, Hollister KK, Molino A, Tra BYE, Dickie DA, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Unveiling Three Interconvertible Redox States of Boraphenalene. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6145-6156. [PMID: 38380615 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Neutral 1-boraphenalene displays the isoelectronic structure of the phenalenyl carbocation and is expected to behave as an attractive organoboron multi-redox system. However, the isolation of new redox states have remained elusive even though the preparation of neutral boron(III)-containing phenalene compounds have been extensively studied. Herein, we have adopted an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand stabilization approach to achieve the first isolation of the stable and ambipolar 1-boraphenalenyl radical 1•. The 1-boraphenalenyl cation 1+ and anion 1- have also been electrochemically observed and chemically isolated, representing new redox forms of boraphenalene for the study of non-Kekulé polynuclear benzenoid molecules. Experimental and theoretical investigations suggest that the interconvertible three-redox-state species undergo reversible electronic structure modifications, which primarily take place on the polycyclic framework of the molecules, exhibiting atypical behavior compared to known donor-stabilized organoboron compounds. Initial reactivity studies, aromaticity evaluations, and photophysical studies show redox-state-dependent trends. While 1+ is luminescent in both the solution and solid states, 1• exhibits boron-centered reactivity and 1- undergoes substitution chemistry on the boraphenalenyl skeleton and serves as a single-electron transfer reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly K Hollister
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086 Victoria, Australia
| | - Bi Youan E Tra
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086 Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Ma T, Dong J, Yang DT. Heteroatom-boron-heteroatom-doped π-conjugated systems: structures, synthesis and photofunctional properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13679-13689. [PMID: 37901914 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The potency of heteroatom-doping in reshaping optoelectronic properties arises from the distinct electronegativity variations between heteroatoms and carbon atoms. By incorporating two heteroatoms with differing electronegativities (e.g., B = N), not only is the architectural coherence of π-conjugated systems retained, but also dipolar traits are introduced, accompanied by unique intermolecular interactions absent in their all-carbon analogs. Another burgeoning doping strategy, featuring the heteroatom-boron-heteroatom motif (X-B-X, where X = N, O), has captured growing attention. This configuration's coexistence of the boron-heteroatom unit and an isolated heteroatom stimulates mutual modulation in the dipole of the boron-heteroatom unit and the heteroatom's electronegativity. In this Feature article, we present an encompassing survey of XBX-doped π-conjugated systems, elucidating how the integration of the X-B-X unit induces transformative structural and property changes within π-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiaqi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Deng-Tao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056 Wuhan, China
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Chorbacher J, Maier M, Klopf J, Fest M, Helten H. Poly(thiophene iminoborane): A Poly(thiophene vinylene) (PTV) Analogue with a Fully BN-Doped Backbone. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300278. [PMID: 37265120 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented poly(thiophene iminoborane)-a boron-nitrogen analogue of the well-established conjugated organic polymer poly(thiophene vinylene)-is presented. The polymer synthesis is achieved by selective Si/B exchange polycondensation of a 2,5-diborylthiophene with a 2,5-diaminothiophene derivative. For the latter, a facile synthetic strategy is devised, which makes this versatile, strongly electron-releasing building block easily accessible. The novel polymer and a series of monodisperse thiophene iminoborane oligomers reveal systematic bathochromic shifts in their absorption with increasing chain length, and thus extended π-conjugation over the BN units along the backbone, which is further supported by TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Chorbacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Maier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Klopf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fest
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Maier M, Chorbacher J, Hellinger A, Klopf J, Günther J, Helten H. Poly(arylene iminoborane)s, Analogues of Poly(arylene vinylene) with a BN-Doped Backbone: A Comprehensive Study. Chemistry 2023:e202302767. [PMID: 37724629 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great success of the concept of doping organic compounds with BN units to access new materials with tailored properties, its use in polymer chemistry has only been realized quite recently. Herein, we present a comprehensive study of oligo- and poly(arylene iminoborane)s comprising a backbone of phenylene or thiophene moieties, as well as combinations thereof, linked via B=N units. The novel polymers can be regarded as BN analogues of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) or poly(thiophene vinylene) (PTV) or their copolymers. Our modular synthetic approach allowed us to prepare four polymers and 12 monodisperse oligomers with modulated electronic properties. Alternating electron-releasing diaminoarylene and electron-accepting diborylarylene building blocks gave rise to a pronounced donor-acceptor character. Effective π-conjugation over the arylene iminoborane backbone is evidenced by systematic bathochromic shifts of the low-energy UV-vis absorption maximum with increasing chain length, which is furthermore supported by crystallographic and computational investigations. Furthermore, all compounds investigated show emission of visible light in the solid state and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, due to the presence of partially flexible linear B=N linkages in the backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Maier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Chorbacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anna Hellinger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Klopf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Günther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Yang CC, Tian WQ. Electronic Structure Modulation of Nanographenes for Second Order Nonlinear Optical Molecular Materials. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300279. [PMID: 37515505 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) have drawn extensive attention as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, owing to its unique optoelectronic properties and high thermal stability. However, the weak polarity or even non-polarity of NGs (resulting in weak even order NLO properties) and the high chemical reactivity of zigzag edged NGs hinder their further applications in nonlinear optics, thus stabilization (lowering the chemical reactivity) and polarizing the charge distribution in NGs are necessary for such applications of NGs. The fusion of heptagon and pentagon endows the azulene with the character of donor-acceptor, and the B=N unit is isoelectronic to C=C unit. The introduction of polar azulene and BN are idea to polarize and stabilize the electronic structure of NGs for NLO applications. In the present review, a survey on the functionalization and applications of NGs in nonlinear optics is conducted. The engineering of the electronic structure of NGs by topological defects, doping and edge modulation is summarized. Finally, a summary of challenges and perspectives for carbon-based NLO nanomaterials is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yang
- College of Science, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Banan, Chongqing, 400054, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, No. 55 Daxuecheng South Road, Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yan Q. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Monodispersed and Highly Luminescent Organoborane Oligomers. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37467361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Organoborane oligomers with well-defined molecular structures and high luminescence are scarce, among which those with boron not used as bridging atoms are even more so. Here, a series of well-defined ethynyl-linked or butadiynyl-linked conjugated organoborane oligomers with high fluorescence quantum yield and extinction coefficient (i.e., high brightness) were prepared by coupling different building blocks featuring dithienooxadiborepine moieties. Single crystal structures of hexyl modified dithienooxadiborepine (1a-hex) and hexyl-modified butadiynyl-linked conjugated dimer (D2-hex) not only verified the identity of the molecular structures but also revealed that the introduction of the hexyl chains distorted the molecular structures due to steric hindrance. Optical measurements showed that the absorption and emission maxima of the six oligomeric molecules bathochromic shifted with increasing numbers of repeating units. Molecules without hexyl chains emit efficient fluorescence upon photoexcitation, and the fluorescence quantum efficiency of the ethynyl-linked conjugated dimer (D1) is close to unity. Theoretical calculation results using density functional theory methods are consistent with the single crystal data, allowing a better understanding of the spectral properties. Such results indicate that the method is efficient for expanding small organoborane molecules into π-conjugated oligomers, which can be used to modulate to emit different colors with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qifan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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13
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Zhao F, Zhao J, Liu H, Wang Y, Duan J, Li C, Di J, Zhang N, Zheng X, Chen P. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Chiral Organoborane Macrocycles with Blue to Near-Infrared Emissions and the Diradical Character of Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10092-10103. [PMID: 37125835 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly emissive π-conjugated macrocycles with tunable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have sparked theoretical and synthetic interests in recent years. Herein, we report a synthetic approach to obtain new chiral organoborane macrocycles (CMC1, CMC2, and CMC3) that are built on the structurally chiral [5]helicenes and highly luminescent triarylborane/amine moieties embedded into the cyclic systems. These rarely accessible B/N-doped main-group chiral macrocycles show a unique topology dependence of the optoelectronic and chiroptical properties. CMC1 and CMC2 show a higher luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) together with an enhanced CPL brightness (BCPL) as compared with CMC3. Electronic effects were also tuned and resulted in bathochromic shifts of their emission and CPL responses from blue for CMC1 to the near-infrared (NIR) region for CMC3. Furthermore, chemical oxidations of the N donor sites in CMC1 gave rise to a highly stable radical cation (CMC1·+SbF6-) and diradical dication species (CMC12·2+2SbF6-) that serve as a rare example of a positively charged open-shell chiral macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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14
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Zhou S, Liu Y, Jin W, Qin T, Liu X, Zhao C, Liu Z, Yu X. Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties of Zigzag BNBNB-Embedded Anthracene-Fused Fluoranthene. Org Lett 2023; 25:1573-1577. [PMID: 36825803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Three zigzag BNBNB-embedded anthracene-fused fluoranthenes are synthesized from 1,3,2-benzodiazaboroles through an indole-type N-directed C-H borylation reaction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses confirm the double bond character of all four alternating B-N bonds and reveal the five-center four-π-electron nature of the BNBNB group. Experimental spectra and density functional theory calculations indicate that borylation remarkably enhances the planarity, extends π-conjugation, and leads to a bathochromic shift in the absorption and emission bands, with remarkable fluorescence quantum yields in solution (92%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wendong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Tingting Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Cuihua Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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15
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Liu TT, Chen J, Guan BT, Lin Z, Shi ZJ. Distance-Triggered Distinct Aryl Migrations on Azidodiboranes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203676. [PMID: 36446733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Derived from structurally similar precursors, two different azidodiboranes went through distinct aryl migration reactions triggered by different boron-boron separation distances. Biphenylene based diborane with a shorter boron-boron distance underwent heterolateral aryl migration to form a seven-membered azadiborepin, while xanthrene based diborane with a longer boron-boron distance afforded a stable bis-azidoborane scaffold. The pyrolysis of such a bis-azidoborane led to eight-membered oxazadiborocine through homolateral aryl migration and subsequent [3+2] cycloaddition. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveiled that the boron-boron separation distances were the intrinsic factors for the distinct migrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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16
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Ruhl J, Oberhof N, Dreuw A, Wegner HA. Diazadiboraacenes: Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Computations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300785. [PMID: 36779363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of heteroatoms into hydrocarbon compounds greatly expands the chemical space of molecular materials. In this context, B-N doping takes a center stage due to its isosterism with a C=C-bond. Herein, we present a new and modular synthetic concept to access novel diazadiborabenzo[b]triphenylenes 7 a-h using the B-N doped biradical 16 as intermediate. Characterization of the photophysical properties revealed the emission spectra of the diazadibora benzo[b]triphenylenes 7 a-h can conveniently be tuned by small changes of the substitution on the boron-atom. All of the diazadibora compounds show a short life-time phosphorescence. Additionally, we were able to rationalize the excited-state relaxation of the diazadiboraacene 7 a via intersystem crossing by quantum chemical calculations. The new synthetic strategy provides an elegant route to various novel B-N doped acenes with great potential for applications in molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ruhl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nils Oberhof
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientic Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientic Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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17
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Opie CR, Noda H, Shibasaki M, Kumagai N. Less Is More: N(BOH) 2 Configuration Exhibits Higher Reactivity than the B 3NO 2 Heterocycle in Catalytic Dehydrative Amide Formation. Org Lett 2023; 25:694-697. [PMID: 36662124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Diboron substructures have emerged as a promising scaffold for the catalytic dehydrative amidation of carboxylic acids and amines. This Letter describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of the first isolable N(BOH)2 compound as an amidation catalyst. The new catalyst outperforms the previously reported B3NO2 heterocycle catalyst, with respect to turnover frequency, albeit the former gradually decomposes upon exposure to amines. This work opens up an avenue for designing a better catalyst for direct amidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Opie
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Naoya Kumagai
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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18
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Meng G, Dai H, Zhou J, Huang T, Zeng X, Wang Q, Wang X, Zhang Y, Fan T, Yang D, Ma D, Zhang D, Duan L. Wide-range color-tunable polycyclo-heteraborin multi-resonance emitters containing B-N covalent bonds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:979-986. [PMID: 36755724 PMCID: PMC9890539 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron- and nitrogen (BN)-fused polycyclic aromatic frameworks with amine-directed formation of B-N covalent bonds have the potential to form a new family of facile-synthesis multi-resonance luminophores, which, however, still face imperative challenges in diversifying the molecular design to narrow the emission bandwidth and tune the emission colors. Here, we demonstrate a strategic implementation of B-N bond containing polycyclo-heteraborin multi-resonance emitters with wide-range colors from deep-blue to yellow-green (442-552 nm), small full-width at half-maxima of only 19-28 nm and high photoluminescence efficiencies, by stepwise modifying the basic para B-π-B structures with heteroatoms. The corresponding electroluminescent devices show superior maximum external quantum efficiencies with an exceptional low-efficiency roll-off, retaining 21.0%, 23.6% and 22.1% for the sky-blue, green and yellow-green devices at a high luminance of 5000 cd m-2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Meng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hengyi Dai
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Tianjiao Fan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing P. R. China .,Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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19
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Yang B, Gu Y, Paternò GM, Teyssandier J, Maghsoumi A, Barker AJ, Mali KS, Scotognella F, De Feyter S, Tommasini M, Feng X, Narita A, Müllen K. Zigzag-Edged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Benzo[m]tetraphene Precursors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203981. [PMID: 36695295 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of zigzag-edged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Z1-Z3) were synthesized from 2,12-dibromo-7,14-diphenyl-benzo[m]tetraphene (9) as a versatile building block. Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 1 H NMR, Raman, and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies as well as scanning tunneling microscopy. The fingerprint vibrational modes were elucidated with theoretical support. The edge- and size-dependent optical properties were characterized by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Moreover, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy revealed distinct modulation of the photophysical properties upon π-extension from Z1 to Z2, the latter having a gulf edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yanwei Gu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giuseppe M Paternò
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Joan Teyssandier
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ali Maghsoumi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alex J Barker
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica - Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technical University of Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Shi Y, Zeng Y, Kucheryavy P, Yin X, Zhang K, Meng G, Chen J, Zhu Q, Wang N, Zheng X, Jäkle F, Chen P. Dynamic B/N Lewis Pairs: Insights into the Structural Variations and Photochromism via Light-Induced Fluorescence to Phosphorescence Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213615. [PMID: 36287039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultralong afterglow emissions due to room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of paramount importance in the advancement of smart sensors, bioimaging and light-emitting devices. We herein present an efficient approach to achieve rarely accessible phosphorescence of heavy atom-free organoboranes via photochemical switching of sterically tunable fluorescent Lewis pairs (LPs). LPs are widely applied in and well-known for their outstanding performance in catalysis and supramolecular soft materials but have not thus far been exploited to develop photo-responsive RTP materials. The intramolecular LP M1BNM not only shows a dynamic response to thermal treatment due to reversible N→B coordination but crystals of M1BNM also undergo rapid photochromic switching. As a result, unusual emission switching from short-lived fluorescence to long-lived phosphorescence (rad-M1BNM, τRTP =232 ms) is observed. The reported discoveries in the field of Lewis pairs chemistry offer important insights into their structural dynamics, while also pointing to new opportunities for photoactive materials with implications for fast responsive detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Pavel Kucheryavy
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jinfa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
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21
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Bachmann J, Helbig A, Crumbach M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Fusion of Aza- and Oxadiborepins with Furans in a Reversible Ring-Opening Process Furnishes Versatile Building Blocks for Extended π-Conjugated Materials. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202455. [PMID: 35943830 PMCID: PMC9825880 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A modular synthesis of both difurooxa- and difuroazadiborepins from a common precursor is demonstrated. Starting from 2,2'-bifuran, after protection of the positions 5 and 5' with bulky silyl groups, formation of the novel polycycles proceeds through opening of the furan rings to a dialkyne and subsequent re-cyclization in the borylation step. The resulting bifuran-fused diborepins show pronounced stability, highly planar tricyclic structures, and intense blue light emission. Deprotection and transformation into dibrominated building blocks that can be incorporated into π-extended materials can be performed in one step. Detailed DFT calculations provide information about the aromaticity of the constituent rings of this polycycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bachmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Merian Crumbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry andInstitute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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22
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Jia Y, Li P, Liu K, Li C, Liu M, Di J, Wang N, Yin X, Zhang N, Chen P. Expanding new chemistry of aza-boracyclophanes with unique dipolar structures, AIE and redox-active open-shell characteristics. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11672-11679. [PMID: 36320401 PMCID: PMC9555748 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03581b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
π-Conjugated macrocycles involving electron-deficient boron species have received increasing attention due to their intriguing tunable optoelectronic properties. However, most of the reported B(sp2)-doped macrocycles are difficult to modify due to the synthetic challenge, which limits their further applications. Motivated by the research of non-strained hexameric bora- and aza-cyclophanes, we describe a new class of analogues MC-BN5 and MC-ABN5 that contain charge-reversed triarylborane (Ar3B) units and oligomeric triarylamines (Ar3N) in the cyclics. As predicted by DFT computations, the unique orientation of the donor-acceptor systems leads to an increased dipole moment compared with highly symmetric macrocycles (M1, M2 and M3), which was experimentally represented by a significant solvatochromic effect with large Stokes shifts up to 12 318 cm-1. Such a ring-structured design also allows the easy peripheral modification of aza-boracyclophanes with tetraphenylethenyl (TPE) groups, giving rise to a change in the luminescence mechanism from aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) in MC-BN5 to aggregation-induced emission (AIE) in MC-ABN5. The open-shell characteristics have been chemically enabled and were characterized by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for MC-BN5. The present study not only showed new electronic properties, but also could expand the research of B/N doped macrocycles into the future scope of supramolecular chemistry, as demonstrated in the accessible functionalization of ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Kanglei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
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23
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Meng G, Dai H, Huang T, Wei J, Zhou J, Li X, Wang X, Hong X, Yin C, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Yang D, Ma D, Li G, Zhang D, Duan L. Amine‐Directed Formation of B−N Bonds for BN‐Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Multiple Resonance Emitters with Narrowband Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207293. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Meng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Hengyi Dai
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Jinbei Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xiangchen Hong
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Chen Yin
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Guomeng Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
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24
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Ouadoudi O, Kaehler T, Çevik EG, Bolte M, Stöger B, Virovets A, Lerner HW, Wagner M. Late-stage derivatization of a (B,O) 2-doped perylene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13195-13198. [PMID: 35993410 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02364d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective di- and tetrabrominations of the (B,O)2-perylene 1 afford derivatives 2-4. Despite their poor solubility, 2 and 4 could be used in Stille-type coupling reactions to introduce two CCMe (5) or four CC(p-C6H4tBu) substituents (6), respectively. The alkynylated derivatives show blue-green photoluminescence with appreciable quantum efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ouadoudi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Tanja Kaehler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Enes Görkem Çevik
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Berthold Stöger
- X-ray Center, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, AT-1060, Austria
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, D-60438 Frankfurt (Main), Germany.
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25
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Yang CC, Zheng XL, Chen J, Tian WQ, Li WQ, Yang L. Spin engineering of triangulenes and application for nano nonlinear optical materials design. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18529-18542. [PMID: 35899847 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02915d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recently synthesized triangulenes with non-bonding edge states could have broad potential applications in magnetics, spintronics and electro-optics if they have appropriate electronic structure modulation. In the present work, strategies based on molecular orbital theory through heteroatom doping are proposed to redistribute, reduce or eliminate the spin of triangulenes for novel functional materials design, and the role of B, N, NBN, and BNB in such intended electronic structure manipulation is scrutinized. π-Extended triangulenes with tunable electronic properties could be potential nonlinear optical (NLO) materials with appropriate inhibition of their polyradical nature. The elimination of spin is achieved by B, N, NBN, and BNB doping with the intended geometric arrangement for enhanced polarity. Intended doping of BNB results in an optimal structure with large static first hyperpolarizability (〈β0〉) as well as strong Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) βHRS(-2ω; ω, ω) (ω = 1064.0 nm), TG7-BNB-ba with a large 〈β0〉 (18.85 × 10-30 esu per heavy atom) and βHRS (1.15 × 10-28 esu per heavy atom) much larger than that of a synthesized triangular molecule (1.12 × 10-30 esu of 〈β0〉 per heavy atom and 5.04 × 10-30 esu of βHRS per heavy atom). The strong second order NLO responses in the near-infrared and visible regions, particularly the strong sum frequency generation, make these B or (and) N doped triangulenes promising candidates for the fabrication of novel carbon-based optoelectronic devices and micro-NLO devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Xue-Lian Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Jiu Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Huxi Campus, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Wei-Qi Li
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.,Technology Innovation Center of Materials and Devices at Extreme Environment, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Street, Wenzhou 325001, China.
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26
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Shi Y, Li C, Ma H, Cao Z, Liu K, Yin X, Wang N, Chen P. Two-in-One Approach toward White-Light Emissions of Dimeric B/N Lewis Pairs by Tuning the Ortho-Substitution Effect. Org Lett 2022; 24:5497-5502. [PMID: 35856805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A new family of dimeric B/N Lewis pairs with sterically tunable substitutions has been accomplished using the Two-in-One design strategy. Their structures are characteristic of doubly B/N-containing cores, and the electronic interactions between B and N centers can be modulated by the steric effects of ortho-substitutions from methyl groups. Interestingly, unique white-light emissions were achieved for 2M'2BNM and 1M2BNM, ascribed to the integration of two triarylborane species (Bsp2- and Bsp3-hybridization) into one single molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhao Cao
- School of Material Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Kanglei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
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27
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Meng G, Dai H, Huang T, Wei J, Zhou J, Li X, Wang X, Hong X, Yin C, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Yang D, Ma D, Li G, Zhang D, Duan L. Amine‐directed Formation of B–N Bonds for BN‐fused Polycyclic Aromatic Multiple Resonance Emitters with Narrowband Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Meng
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Hengyi Dai
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Jinbei Wei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemistry 2 North First Street, Zhongguancun CHINA
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Xiao Li
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Xiangchen Hong
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Chen Yin
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Xuan Zeng
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Dezhi Yang
- South China University of Technology Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices CHINA
| | - Dongge Ma
- South China University of Technology Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices CHINA
| | - Guomeng Li
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Tsinghua University Department of Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Lian Duan
- Tsinghua University Chemistry HeTian Building Dept. of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China 100084 Beijing CHINA
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28
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Li E, Jin M, Jiang R, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Liu M, Wu X, Liu X. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of BN-Fluoranthenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5503-5508. [PMID: 35730794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Boron/nitrogen-doped fluoranthenes, a new class of BN-doped cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were synthesized via pyrrolic-type nitrogen directed C-H borylation. Regioselective bromination of BN-fluoranthene (3a) gave mono- and dibrominated BN-fluoranthenes. The halogenated BN-fluoranthene (3b) can undergo various of further cross-coupling reactions to deliver a series of BN-fluoranthenes. Moreover, incorporating BN unit in to fluoranthene resulted in a wider HOMO-LUMO energy gaps. The aromaticities of the BN-fluoranthene (3a) were quantified by experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjia Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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29
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Bardakov VG, Yakubenko AA, Verkhov VA, Antonov AS. Organoboron Derivatives of 1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene: Synthesis, Structure, Stability, and Reactivity. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor G. Bardakov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Artyom A. Yakubenko
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriy A. Verkhov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Antonov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, St. Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation
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30
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Ahmed J, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl Radical: Smallest Polycyclic Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon Present in the Graphene Sheet. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11369-11431. [PMID: 35561295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenalenyl, a zigzag-edged odd alternant hydrocarbon unit can be found in the graphene nanosheet. Hückel molecular orbital calculations indicate the presence of a nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO), which originates from the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) arising from 13 carbon atoms of the phenalenyl molecule. Three redox states (cationic, neutral radical, and anionic) of the phenalenyl-based molecules were attributed to the presence of this NBMO. The cationic state can undergo two consecutive reductions to result in neutral radical and anionic states, stepwise, respectively. The phenalenyl-based radicals were found as crucial building blocks and attracted the attention of various research fields such as organic synthesis, material science, computation, and device physics. From 2012 onward, a strategy was devised using the cationic state of phenalenyl-based molecules and in situ generated phenalenyl radicals, which created a new domain of catalysis. The in situ generated phenalenyl radicals were utilized for the single electron transfer (SET) process resulting in redox catalysis. This emerging range of applications rejuvenates the more than six decades-old phenalenyl chemistry. This review captures such developments ranging from fundamental understanding to multidirectional applications of phenalenyl-based radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasimuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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31
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Li P, Shimoyama D, Zhang N, Jia Y, Hu G, Li C, Yin X, Wang N, Jäkle F, Chen P. A New Platform of B/N‐Doped Cyclophanes: Access to a π‐Conjugated Block‐Type B
3
N
3
Macrocycle with Strong Dipole Moment and Unique Optoelectronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200612. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Daisuke Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centers Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Guofei Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
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32
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Nguyen T, Hannah T, Piers WE, Gelfand B. Stable, π-conjugated radical anions of boron-nitrogen dihydroindeno[1,2-b]fluorenes. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported the synthesis and application of boron-nitrogen dihydroindeno[1,2-b]fluorene derivatives as acceptors in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Their modest observed efficiencies may be related to the properties of their reduced congeners. In this work, we report two new members of this family of compounds prepared via the electrophilic borylation of 2,5-di-p-tolylpyrazine followed by an arylation of the boron centre with ZnAr2 reagents. Two derivatives, 1 (Ar = 2,4,6-F3C6H2) and 2 (Ar = C6F5) were synthesized, and their radical anions, 1•− and 2•−, were formed via chemical reductions with CoCp*2 and CoCp2, respectively. Through comparison of structural parameters, as well as spectroscopic and computational data, the unpaired electron in the radical anions is localized in the planar core of the molecule, and dimerization is disfavored as a result. However, unlike the neutral starting materials, 1•− and 2•− are reactive towards ambient atmosphere. These observations suggest that the reduced compounds are stable towards intrinsic degradation pathways but subject to extrinsic degradation in device operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Nguyen
- University of Calgary, 2129, Chemistry, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tyler Hannah
- University of Calgary, 2129, Chemistry, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- University of Calgary, 2129, Chemistry, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin Gelfand
- University of Calgary, 2129, Chemistry, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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33
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Tian X, Guo J, Sun W, Yuan L, Dou C, Wang Y. Tuning Diradical Properties of Boron-Containing π-Systems by Structural Isomerism. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200045. [PMID: 35146820 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuning diradical character is an important topic for organic diradicaloids. Herein, we report the precise borylation enabling structural isomerism as an effective strategy to modulate diradical character and thereby properties of organic diradicaloids. We synthesized a new B-containing polycyclic hydrocarbon that has the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene π-skeleton with the β-carbons bonding to two boron atoms. Detailed theoretical and experimental results show that this bonding pattern leads to its distinctive electronic structures and properties in comparison to that of its isomeric molecule. This molecule has the efficient conjugation between boron atoms and π-skeleton, resulting in downshifted LUMO and HOMO levels. Moreover, it exhibits smaller diradical character and thereby inhibited diradical properties, such as significantly blue-shifted light absorption, larger energy bandgap and weak para-magnetic resonance. Notably, this B-containing polycyclic hydrocarbon possesses much stronger Lewis acidity and its Lewis acid-base adducts display enhanced diradical character, demonstrating the positive effects of Lewis coordination on modulating diradical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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34
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Li P, Shimoyama D, Zhang N, Jia Y, Hu G, Li C, Yin X, Wang N, Jäkle F, Chen P. A New Platform of B/N‐Doped Cyclophanes: Access to a π‐Conjugated Block‐Type B
3
N
3
Macrocycle with Strong Dipole Moment and Unique Optoelectronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Daisuke Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centers Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Guofei Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology of China Beijing 102488 China
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35
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Durka K, Marek‐Urban PH, Nowicki K, Drapała J, Jarzembska KN, Łaski P, Grzelak A, Dąbrowski M, Woźniak K, Luliński S. Expedient Synthesis of Oxaboracyclic Compounds Based on Naphthalene and Biphenyl Backbone and Phase‐Dependent Luminescence of their Chelate Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104492. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Durka
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paulina H. Marek‐Urban
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
- Department of Chemistry University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nowicki
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jakub Drapała
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Piotr Łaski
- Department of Chemistry University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Aleksandra Grzelak
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marek Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
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36
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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37
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Li DJ, Gao F, Xu H. Dimerization of the BNB/NBN Bond Embedded Phenalenyls. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06166f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two plane-like molecules 1 and 2 were designed and characterized by the introduction of BNB or NBN bonds into the plane phenalenyl. The ocalized molecular orbital (LMO) analysis show three...
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38
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Brown WK, Klausmeyer KK, Lindley BM. Unlocking metal coordination of diborylamides through ring constraints. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:867-870. [PMID: 34935791 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06458d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic lithium diborylamide compound was synthesized and crystallographically characterized, revealing strong Li-N bonding in sharp contrast to previous linear diborylamides. Two iron(II) diborylamide complexes were also synthesized, including a 2-coordinate Fe bis(diborylamide) complex. The present cyclic diborylamide represents a new addition to the growing scope of amide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kice Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA.
| | - Kevin K Klausmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA.
| | - Brian M Lindley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA.
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39
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Gao H, Müller R, Irran E, Klare HFT, Kaupp M, Oestreich M. Competition for Hydride between Silicon and Boron: Synthesis and Characterization of a Hydroborane-Stabilized Silylium Ion. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104464. [PMID: 34918852 PMCID: PMC9303568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Potent main‐group Lewis acids are capable of activating element‐hydrogen bonds. To probe the rivalry for hydride between silylium‐ and borenium‐ion centers, a neutral precursor with the hydrosilane and hydroborane units in close proximity on a naphthalene‐1,8‐diyl platform was designed. Abstraction of one hydride leads to a hydroborane‐stabilized silylium ion rather than a hydrosilane‐coordinated borenium ion paired with [B(C6F5)4]− or [HCB11Cl11]− as counteranions. Characterization by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction supported by DFT calculations reveals a cationic, unsymmetrical open three‐center, two‐electron (3c2e) Si−H−B linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haopeng Gao
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Robert Müller
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
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40
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Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed coupling reaction strategy has been utilized in the synthesis of two novel BN-perylenes starting from halogenated BN-naphthalene derivatives. The molecular structures and packing modes of BN-perylenes were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray single-crystal diffraction experiments. Their photophysical properties were further investigated using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Interestingly, the isosteric BN-insertion in perylene system resulted in stronger π-π stacking interaction both in solid and solution phases. The synthesized BN-perylenes are proved to be highly stable and thus provide a new valuable platform for novel organic materials applications which is otherwise inaccessible to date.
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41
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Zhao M, Miao Q. Design, Synthesis and Hydrogen Bonding of B 3 N 6 -[4]Triangulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21289-21294. [PMID: 34343393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the allylic C=C-C unit with a N-B-N unit at each of the three zigzag edges of [4]triangulene gives rise to B3 N6 -[4]triangulene, which is envisioned to represent a key structural unit of a new hypothetical boron carbon nitride (BC4 N). A tert-butylated B3 N6 -[4]triangulene has been successfully synthesized by three-fold nitrogen-directed borylation, and the X-ray crystallographic analysis indicates that its slightly bent triangular polycyclic framework can be viewed as a 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene connected by three 4π-electron N-B-N units. The HN-B-NH moiety provides a dual hydrogen-bond donor, which forms H-bonds with halide or carboxylate anions in solution, and form DD-AA hydrogen-bond arrays with 2,7-di(tert-butyl)-pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone in the co-crystal. Moreover, the blue fluorescence of B3 N6 -[4]triangulene in solution is responsive to binding p-nitrobenzoate anion through hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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42
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Zhao M, Miao Q. Design, Synthesis and Hydrogen Bonding of B
3
N
6
‐[4]Triangulene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
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43
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Nowicki K, Pacholak P, Luliński S. Heteroelement Analogues of Benzoxaborole and Related Ring Expanded Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:5464. [PMID: 34576937 PMCID: PMC8468133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The review covers the chemistry of organoboron heterocycles structurally related to benzoxaboroles where one of the carbon atoms in a boracycle or a fused benzene ring is replaced by a heteroelement such as boron, silicon, tin, nitrogen, phosphorus, or iodine. Related ring expanded systems including those based on naphthalene and biphenyl cores are also described. The information on synthetic methodology as well as the basic structural and physicochemical characteristics of these emerging heterocycles is complemented by a presentation of their potential applications in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, the latter aspect being mostly focused on the promising antimicrobial activity of selected compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Nowicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, PL-00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Piotr Pacholak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, PL-00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.N.); (P.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Luliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, PL-00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.N.); (P.P.)
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44
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Fingerle M, Dingerkus J, Schubert H, Wurst KM, Scheele M, Bettinger HF. Heteroatom Cycloaddition at the (BN)
2
Bay Region of Dibenzoperylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fingerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Juliane Dingerkus
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Kai M. Wurst
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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45
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Fingerle M, Dingerkus J, Schubert H, Wurst KM, Scheele M, Bettinger HF. Heteroatom Cycloaddition at the (BN) 2 Bay Region of Dibenzoperylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15798-15802. [PMID: 33798286 PMCID: PMC9545313 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cycloaddition-dehydration involving a BNBN-butadiene analogue at the bay region of a dibenzoperylene and a non-enolizable aldehyde provides a novel strategy for incorporation of the oxadiazadiborinane (B2 N2 CO) ring into the scaffold of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon resulting in highly emissive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fingerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane Dingerkus
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai M Wurst
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Holger F Bettinger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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46
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Hu C, Guo L, Zhang J, Cui C. C–C Activation to BNB-Embedded Indenophenanthrenes. Electronic Structure and Reactivity. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaopeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lulu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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47
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Ju CW, Li B, Li L, Yan W, Cui C, Ma X, Zhao D. Modular Synthesis of Pentagonal and Hexagonal Ring-Fused NBN-Phenalenes Leading to an Excited-State Aromatization-Induced Structural Planarization Molecular Library. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5903-5916. [PMID: 33825485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a nitrogen-boron-nitrogen (NBN) moiety have recently attracted tremendous interest due to their intriguing electronic and optoelectronic properties, all of the NBN-fused π-systems reported to date are called NBN-dibenzophenalenes and were synthesized by electrophilic aromatic substitution. The synthesis of NBN-phenalenes remains challenging, and transition-metal catalysis has never been utilized to construct NBN-embedded π-scaffolds. Herein, a palladium-catalyzed cyclization/bicyclization strategy was developed for the synthesis of diverse pentagonal and hexagonal ring-fused NBN-phenalenes and half-NBN-phenalenes. All of the NBN-embedded π-scaffolds presented in our paper are fluorescent in both solution and the solid state. Further investigations showed that the five-membered NBN rings exhibit the properties of traditional luminogens, while those with a six-membered NBN ring generally undergo photoinduced structural planarization (PISP) and exhibit different colors and quantum yields of fluorescence with different concentrations in solution. Time-resolved spectroscopy and TD-DFT calculations revealed that excited-state aromatization is the driving force for PISP in hexagonal ring-fused NBN-π systems, leading to the formation of excimers. Notably, the scope of PISP compounds is still quite limited, and PISP has never been observed in NBN-π systems before. These hexagonal ring-fused NBN-π systems constitute a novel PISP molecular library and appear to be a new class of aggregation-induced excimer emission (AIEE) materials. Finally, the AIEE behavior of these six-membered NBN rings was applied to the detection of nitro explosives, achieving excellent sensitivity. In general, this work provides a new viewpoint for synthesizing NBN-fused π-systems and understanding the excited-state motion of luminogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Ju
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianghui Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Yan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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48
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Crumbach M, Bachmann J, Fritze L, Helbig A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Dithiophene‐Fused Oxadiborepins and Azadiborepins: A New Class of Highly Fluorescent Heteroaromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merian Crumbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jonas Bachmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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Crumbach M, Bachmann J, Fritze L, Helbig A, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Helten H. Dithiophene-Fused Oxadiborepins and Azadiborepins: A New Class of Highly Fluorescent Heteroaromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9290-9295. [PMID: 33522053 PMCID: PMC8252115 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Access to dithiophene-fused oxadiborepins and the first azadiborepins attained via a modular synthesis route are presented. The new compounds emit intense blue light, some of which demonstrate fluorescence quantum yields close to unity. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) revealed electrochemically reversible one-electron reduction processes. The weak aromatic character of the novel 1,2,7-azadiborepin ring is demonstrated with in-depth theoretical investigations using nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) scans and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merian Crumbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jonas Bachmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Lars Fritze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Helbig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Ouadoudi O, Kaehler T, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Wagner M. One tool to bring them all: Au-catalyzed synthesis of B,O- and B,N-doped PAHs from boronic and borinic acids. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5898-5909. [PMID: 34168815 PMCID: PMC8179653 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00543j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The isoelectronic replacement of C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C bonds with −BN+ bonds in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a widely used tool to prepare novel optoelectronic materials. Far less well explored are corresponding B,O-doped PAHs, although they have a similarly high application potential. We herein report on the modular synthesis of B,N- and B,O-doped PAHs through the [Au(PPh3)NTf2]-catalyzed 6-endo-dig cyclization of BN–H and BO–H bonds across suitably positioned C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C bonds in the key step. Readily available, easy-to-handle o-alkynylaryl boronic and borinic acids serve as starting materials, which are either cyclized directly or first converted into the corresponding aminoboranes and then cyclized. The reaction even tolerates bulky mesityl substituents on boron, which later kinetically protect the formed B,N/O-PAHs from hydrolysis or oxidation. Our approach is also applicable for the synthesis of rare doubly B,N/O-doped PAHs. Specifically, we prepared 1,2-B,E-naphthalenes and -anthracenes, 1,5-B2-2,6-E2-anthracenes (E = N, O) as well as B,O2-containing and unprecedented B,N,O-containing phenalenyls. Selected examples of these compounds have been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography; their optoelectronic properties have been studied by cyclic voltammetry, electron spectroscopy, and quantum-chemical calculations. Using a new unsubstituted (B,O)2-perylene as the substrate for late-stage functionalization, we finally show that the introduction of two pinacolatoboryl (Bpin) substituents is possible in high yield and with perfect regioselectivity via an Ir-catalyzed C–H borylation approach. Singly and doubly B,E-doped PAHs were synthesized using a protocol that starts from easy-to-handle boronic and borinic acids and offers the possibility to choose between the preparation of B,O- and B,N-PAHs in the final reaction step.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ouadoudi
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Tanja Kaehler
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 D-60438 Frankfurt (Main) Germany
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