1
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Zhan Z, Liu Y, Wang W, Du G, Cai S, Wang P. Atomic-level imaging of beam-sensitive COFs and MOFs by low-dose electron microscopy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:900-933. [PMID: 38512352 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Electron microscopy, an important technique that allows for the precise determination of structural information with high spatiotemporal resolution, has become indispensable in unravelling the complex relationships between material structure and properties ranging from mesoscale morphology to atomic arrangement. However, beam-sensitive materials, particularly those comprising organic components such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), would suffer catastrophic damage from the high energy electrons, hindering the determination of atomic structures. A low-dose approach has arisen as a possible solution to this problem based on the integration of advancements in several aspects: electron optical system, detector, image processing, and specimen preservation. This article summarizes the transmission electron microscopy characterization of MOFs and COFs, including local structures, host-guest interactions, and interfaces at the atomic level. Revolutions in advanced direct electron detectors, algorithms in image acquisition and processing, and emerging methodology for high quality low-dose imaging are also reviewed. Finally, perspectives on the future development of electron microscopy methodology with the support of computer science are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Guangyu Du
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Songhua Cai
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK.
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2
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Zhang YQ, Liu L, Li WZ, Wu BH, Li CN, Chu JQ, Han ZB. Solvent-Induced In(III)-MOFs with Controllable Interpenetration Degree Performing High-Efficiency Separation of CO 2/N 2 and CO 2/CH 4. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7705-7713. [PMID: 38620065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein, three In(III)-based metal-organic frameworks (In-MOFs) with different degrees of interpenetration (DOI), namely In-MOF-1, In-MOF-2, and In-MOF-3, constructed by In3+ and Y-shaped ligands 4,4',4″-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyltribenzoate (H3TATB), are successfully synthesized through the ionothermal/solvothermal method. Subsequently, three novel In-MOFs, including noninterpenetration polycatenation, 2-fold interpenetrated, and 4-fold interpenetrated structure, are employed as the platform for systematically investigating the separation efficiency of CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, and CO2/CH4/N2 mixture gas system. Among them, In-MOF-2 shows the highest CO2 uptake capacities at 298 K and simultaneously possesses the low adsorption enthalpy of CO2 (26.4 kJ/mol at low coverage), a feature desirable for low-energy-cost adsorbent regeneration. The CO2/N2 (v: v = 15/85) selectivity of In-MOF-2 reaches 37.6 (at 298 K and 1 bar), also revealing outstanding selective separation ability from flue gases and purifying natural gas, affording a unique robust separation material as it has moderate DOI and pore size. In-MOF-2 shows exceptional stability and feasibility to achieve reproducibility. Aperture adjustment makes In-MOF-2 a versatile platform for selectively capturing CO2 from flue gases or purifying natural gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Wen-Ze Li
- College of Science, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, PR China
| | - Bo-Han Wu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Chen-Ning Li
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Chu
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Zheng-Bo Han
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
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3
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Lv JA, Tang ZL, Liu YH, Zhao RC, Xie LH, Liu XM, Li JR. Interior and Exterior Surface Modification of Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Trace Benzene Removal. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4249-4259. [PMID: 38364203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) significantly contributes to air pollution and poses a serious threat to human health. Benzene, one of the most toxic VOCs, is difficult for the human body to metabolize and is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen. The development of efficient adsorbents for removing trace amounts of benzene from ambient air is thus of great importance. In this work, we studied the benzene adsorption properties of four Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) through static volumetric and dynamic breakthrough experiments. Two previously reported Zr-MOFs, BUT-12 and STA-26, were prepared with a tritopic carboxylic acid ligand (H3L1) functionalized with three methyl groups, and STA-26 is a 2-fold interpenetrated network of BUT-12. Two new isoreticular Zr-MOFs, BUT-12-Et and STA-26-Et, were synthesized using a similar ligand, H3L2, where the methyl groups are replaced with ethyl groups. There are mesopores in BUT-12 and BUT-12-Et and micropores in STA-26 and STA-26-Et. The four Zr-MOFs all showed high stability in liquid water and acidic aqueous solutions. The microporous STA-26 and STA-26-Et showed much higher benzene uptakes than mesoporous BUT-12 and BUT-12-Et at room temperature under low pressures. Particularly, the benzene adsorption capacity of STA-26-Et was high up to 2.21 mmol/g at P/P0 = 0.001 (P0 = 12.78 kPa), higher than those of the other three Zr-MOFs and most reported solid adsorbents. Breakthrough experiments confirmed that STA-26-Et could effectively capture trace benzene (10 ppm) from dry air; however, its benzene capture capacity was reduced by 90% under humid conditions (RH = 50%). Coating of the crystals of STA-26-Et with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) increased the hydrophobicity of the exterior MOF surfaces, leading to a more than 2-fold improvement in its benzene capture capacity in the breakthrough experiment under humid condition. PDMS coating of STA-26-Et likely slowed down the water adsorption process, and thus, the adsorbent afforded more efficient capture of benzene. This work demonstrates that modifying both the interior and exterior surfaces of MOFs can effectively enhance their performance in capturing trace benzene from ambient air, even under humid conditions. This finding is meaningful for the development of new adsorbents for effective air purification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ao Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhen-Ling Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rui-Chao Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lin-Hua Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Institute of Circular Economy, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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4
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Kim Y, Lee S, Chen YP, Lee B, Lee S, Park J. Partial-Interpenetration-Controlled UiO-Type Metal-Organic Framework and its Catalytic Activity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305999. [PMID: 37840400 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented correlation between the catalytic activity of a Zr-based UiO-type metal-organic framework (MOF) and its degree of interpenetration (DOI) is reported. The DOI of an MOF is hard to control owing to the high-energy penalty required to construct a partially interpenetrated structure. Surprisingly, strong interactions between building blocks (inter-ligand hydrogen bonding) facilitate the formation of partially interpenetrated structures under carefully regulated synthesis conditions. Moreover, catalytic conversion rates for cyanosilylation and Knoevenagel condensation reactions are found to be proportional to the DOI of the MOF. Among MOFs with DOIs in the 0-100% range, that with a DOI of 87% is the most catalytically active. Framework interpenetration is known to lower catalytic performance by impeding reactant diffusion. A higher effective reactant concentration due to tight inclusion in the interpenetrated region is possibly responsible for this inverted result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonghun Kim
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeop Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Pin Chen
- Electrode Engineering, Panasonic Energy of North America, Reno, NV, 89502, USA
| | - Byeongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggi Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Park
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
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5
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Heo CY, Díaz-Ramírez ML, Park SH, Kang M, Hong CS, Jeong NC. Solvent-Driven Dynamics: Crafting Tailored Transformations of Cu(II)-Based MOFs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9068-9077. [PMID: 38345827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a sort of crystalline porous coordination polymers composed of metal ions and organic linkers, have been intensively studied for their ability to take up nonpolar gas-phase molecules such as ethane and ethylene. In this context, interpenetrated MOFs, where multiple framework nets are entwined, have been considered promising materials for capturing nonpolar molecules due to their relatively higher stability and smaller micropores. This study explores a solvent-assisted reversible strategy to interpenetrate and deinterpenetrate a Cu(II)-based MOF, namely, MOF-143 (noninterpenetrated form) and MOF-14 (doubly interpenetrated forms). Interpenetration was achieved using protic solvents with small molecular sizes such as water, methanol, and ethanol, while deinterpenetration was accomplished with a Lewis-basic solvent, pyridine. Additionally, this study investigates the adsorptive separation of ethane and ethylene, which is a significant application in the chemical industry. The results showed that interpenetrated MOF-14 exhibited higher ethane and ethylene uptakes compared to the noninterpenetrated MOF-143 due to narrower micropores. Furthermore, we demonstrate that pristine MOF-14 displayed higher ethane selectivity than transformed MOF-14 from MOF-143 by identifying the "fraction of micropore volume" as a key factor influencing ethane uptake. These findings highlight the potential of controlled transformations between interpenetrated and noninterpenetrated MOFs, anticipating that larger MOF crystals with narrower micropores and higher crystallinity will be more suitable for selective gas capture and separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Yeong Heo
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Mariana L Díaz-Ramírez
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Center for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Sun Ho Park
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Minjung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seop Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Cheon Jeong
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
- Center for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea
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6
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Zhang J, Ke J, Wang B, Chen X. Plastic Avalanches in Metal-Organic Framework Crystals Due to the Dynamic Phase Mixing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54692-54701. [PMID: 37972999 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The compressive properties of metal-organic framework (MOF) crystals are not only crucial for their densification process but also key in determining their performance in many applications. We herein investigated the mechanical responses of a classic crystalline MOF, HKUST-1, using in situ compression tests. A serrated flow accompanied by the unique strain avalanches was found in individual and contacting crystals before their final flattening or fracture with splitting cracks. The plastic flow with serrations is ascribed to the dynamic phase mixing due to the progressive and irreversible local phase transition in HKUST-1 crystals, as revealed by molecular dynamics and finite element simulations. Such pressure-induced phase coexistence in HKUST-1 crystals also induces a significant loading-history dependence of their Young's modulus. The observation of plastic avalanches in HKUST-1 crystals here not only expands our current understanding of the plasticity of MOF crystals but also unveils a novel mechanism for the avalanches and plastic flow in crystal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Ke
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Chen
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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7
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Kumar P, Behera A, Tiwari P, Karthik S, Biswas M, Sonawane A, Mobin SM. Exploring the antimicrobial potential of isoniazid loaded Cu-based metal-organic frameworks as a novel strategy for effective killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10929-10940. [PMID: 37937634 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02292g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most infectious pathogens with the highest human mortality and morbidity. Biofilm formation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is responsible for bacterial growth, communication, and, most essentially, increased resistance/tolerance to antibiotics leading to higher bacterial persistence. Thus, biofilm growth is presently considered a key virulence factor in the case of chronic disease. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have recently emerged as a highly efficient system to improve existing antibiotics' therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects. In this regard, we have synthesized Cu-MOF (IITI-3) using a solvothermal approach. IITI-3 was well characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. Herein, IITI-3 was first encapsulated with isoniazid (INH) to form INH@IITI-3 with 10 wt% loading within 1 hour. INH@IITI-3 was well characterized by PXRD, TGA, FTIR, and BET surface area analysis. Furthermore, the drug release kinetics studies of INH@IITI-3 have been performed at pH 5.8 and 7.4 to mimic the small intestine and blood pH, respectively. The results show that drug release follows first-order kinetics. Furthermore, the antimycobacterial activity of INH@IITI-3 demonstrated significant bacterial killing and altered the structural morphology of the bacteria. Moreover, INH@IITI-3 was able to inhibit the mycobacterial biofilm formation upon treatment and showed less cytotoxicity toward the murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Thus, this work significantly opens up new possibilities for the applications of INH@IITI-3 in biofilm infections in Mtb and further contributes to TB therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ananyaashree Behera
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Pranav Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sibi Karthik
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Mainak Biswas
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shaikh M Mobin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Center for Advance Electronic (CAE), Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Center for Electric Vehicle and Intelligent Transport Systems, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, India
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8
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Yu B, Li W, Wang X, Li JH, Lin RB, Wang H, Ding X, Jin Y, Yang X, Wu H, Zhou W, Zhang J, Jiang J. Observation of Interpenetrated Topology Isomerism for Covalent Organic Frameworks with Atom-Resolution Single Crystal Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25332-25340. [PMID: 37944150 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Rational control and understanding of isomerism are of significance but still remain a great challenge in reticular frameworks, in particular, for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to the complicated synthesis and energy factors. Herein, reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetra(4-formylphenyl)-2,2',6,6'-tetramethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl (TFTB) with 3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)bimesityl (TAPB) under different reaction conditions affords single crystals of two 3D COF isomers, namely, USTB-20-dia and USTB-20-qtz. Their structures with resolutions up to 0.9-1.1 Å have been directly solved by three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) and synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. USTB-20-dia and USTB-20-qtz show rare 2 × 2-fold interpenetrated dia-b nets and 3-fold interpenetrated qtz-b frameworks. Comparative studies of the crystal structures of these COFs and theoretical simulation results indicate the crucial role of the flexible molecular configurations of building blocks in the present interpenetrated topology isomerism. This work not only presents the rare COF isomers but also gains an understanding of the formation of framework isomerism from both single crystal structures and theoretical simulation perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqiu Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Biao Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, IGCME, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xu Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Xiya Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
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9
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Padial NM, Chinchilla-Garzón C, Almora-Barrios N, Castells-Gil J, González-Platas J, Tatay S, Martí-Gastaldo C. Isoreticular Expansion and Linker-Enabled Control of Interpenetration in Titanium-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21397-21407. [PMID: 37733631 PMCID: PMC10853965 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Titanium-organic frameworks offer distinctive opportunities in the realm of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to the integration of intrinsic photoactivity or redox versatility in porous architectures with ultrahigh stability. Unfortunately, the high polarizing power of Ti4+ cations makes them prone to hydrolysis, thus preventing the systematic design of these types of frameworks. We illustrate the use of heterobimetallic cluster Ti2Ca2 as a persistent building unit compatible with the isoreticular design of titanium frameworks. The MUV-12(X) and MUV-12(Y) series can be all synthesized as single crystals by using linkers of varying functionalization and size for the formation of the nets with tailorable porosity and degree of interpenetration. Following the generalization of this approach, we also gain rational control over interpenetration in these nets by designing linkers with varying degrees of steric hindrance to eliminate stacking interactions and access the highest gravimetric surface area reported for titanium(IV) MOFs (3000 m2 g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M. Padial
- Functional
Inorganic Materials Team, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, València 46980, Spain
| | - Clara Chinchilla-Garzón
- Functional
Inorganic Materials Team, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, València 46980, Spain
| | - Neyvis Almora-Barrios
- Functional
Inorganic Materials Team, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, València 46980, Spain
| | - Javier Castells-Gil
- Functional
Inorganic Materials Team, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, València 46980, Spain
- School
of Chemistry,University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.
| | - Javier González-Platas
- Departamento
de Física, Universitario de Estudios
Avanzados en Física Atómica, Molecular y Fotónica
(IUDEA). MALTA Consolider Team, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez
s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife E-38204, Spain
| | - Sergio Tatay
- Functional
Inorganic Materials Team, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, València 46980, Spain
| | - Carlos Martí-Gastaldo
- Functional
Inorganic Materials Team, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, València 46980, Spain
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10
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Son FA, Fahy KM, Gaidimas MA, Smoljan CS, Wasson MC, Farha OK. Investigating the mechanical stability of flexible metal-organic frameworks. Commun Chem 2023; 6:185. [PMID: 37670014 PMCID: PMC10480183 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As we continue to develop metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for potential industrial applications, it becomes increasingly imperative to understand their mechanical stability. Notably, amongst flexible MOFs, structure-property relationships regarding their compressibility under pressure remain unclear. In this work, we conducted in situ variable pressure powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements up to moderate pressures (<1 GPa) using a synchrotron source on two families of flexible MOFs: (i) NU-1400 and NU-1401, and (ii) MIL-88B, MIL-88B-(CH3)2, and MIL-88B-(CH3)4. In this project scope, we found a positive correlation between bulk moduli and degree of flexibility, where increased rigidity (e.g., smaller swelling or breathing amplitude) arising from steric hindrance was deleterious, and observed reversibility in the unit cell compression of these MOFs. This study serves as a primer for the community to begin to untangle the factors that engender flexible frameworks with mechanical resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia A Son
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kira M Fahy
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Madeleine A Gaidimas
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Courtney S Smoljan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Megan C Wasson
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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11
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Dong A, Chen D, Li Q, Qian J. Metal-Organic Frameworks for Greenhouse Gas Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2201550. [PMID: 36563116 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using petrol to supply energy for a car or burning coal to heat a building generates plenty of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2 ), water vapor (H2 O), methane (CH4 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), ozone (O3 ), fluorinated gases. These up-and-coming metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are structurally endowed with rigid inorganic nodes and versatile organic linkers, which have been extensively used in the GHG-related applications to improve the lives and protect the environment. Porous MOF materials and their derivatives have been demonstrated to be competitive and promising candidates for GHG separation, storage and conversions as they shows facile preparation, large porosity, adjustable nanostructure, abundant topology, and tunable physicochemical property. Enormous progress has been made in GHG storage and separation intrinsically stemmed from the different interaction between guest molecule and host framework from MOF itself in the recent five years. Meanwhile, the use of porous MOF materials to transform GHG and the influence of external conditions on the adsorption performance of MOFs for GHG are also enclosed. In this review, it is also highlighted that the existing challenges and future directions are discussed and envisioned in the rational design, facile synthesis and comprehensive utilization of MOFs and their derivatives for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anrui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Qipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, 657099, P. R. China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
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12
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Zhu Y, Cai J, Xu L, Li G, Liu Y. Two Robust Isoreticular Metal–Organic Frameworks with Different Interpenetration Degrees Exhibiting Disparate Breathing Behaviors. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10957-10964. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liren Xu
- Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yunling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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13
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Mesitylene Tribenzoic Acid as a Linker for Novel Zn/Cd Metal-Organic Frameworks. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124247. [PMID: 35744310 PMCID: PMC9227569 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Three new Metal-Organic Frameworks, containing mesitylene tribenzoic acid as a linker and zinc (1) or cadmium as metals (2,3), were synthesized through solvothermal reactions, using DMF/ethanol/water as solvents, at temperatures of 80 °C (structures 1 and 3) and 120 °C (structure 2). Following single-crystal X-ray diffraction, it was found that 1 and 3 crystallize in the P21/c and C2/c space groups and form 2D networks, while 2 crystallizes in the Fdd2 space group, forming a 3D network. All three frameworks, upon heating, were found to be stable up to 350 °C. N2 sorption isotherms revealed that 1 displays a BET area of 906 m2/g. Moreover, the porosity of this framework is still present after five cycles of sorption/desorption, with a reduction of 14% of the BET area, down to 784 m2/g, after the fifth cycle. The CO2 loading capacity of 1 was found to be 2.9 mmol/g at 0 °C.
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14
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Designing of three mixed ligand MOFs in searching of length induced flexibility in ligand for the creation of interpenetration. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Mohan B, Kumar S, Xi H, Ma S, Tao Z, Xing T, You H, Zhang Y, Ren P. Fabricated Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as luminescent and electrochemical biosensors for cancer biomarkers detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 197:113738. [PMID: 34740120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the health domain, a major challenge is the detection of diseases using rapid and cost-effective techniques. Most of the existing cancer detection methods show poor sensitivity and selectivity and are time consuming with high cost. To overcome this challenge, we analyzed porous fabricated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that have better structures and porosities for enhanced biomarker sensing. Here, we summarize the use of fabricated MOF luminescence and electrochemical sensors in devices for cancer biomarker detection. Various strategies of fabrication and the role of fabricated materials in sensing cancer biomarkers have been studied and described. The structural properties, sensing mechanisms, roles of noncovalent interactions, limits of detection, modeling, advantages, and limitations of MOF sensors have been well-discussed. The study presents an innovative technique to detect the cancer biomarkers by the use of luminescence and electrochemical MOF sensors. In addition, the potential association studies have been opening the way for personalized patient treatments and the development of new cancer-detecting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Mohan
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shezhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shezhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Xi
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shezhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shixuan Ma
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shezhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiyu Tao
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shezhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tiantian Xing
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shezhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hengzhi You
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shezhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shezhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Peng Ren
- Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Functional Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shezhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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16
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Tian XX, Liu YT, Li Y, Qiu XY, Zhang WH, Young DJ, Chen Q. ZIF-8 with cationic defects toward efficient 125I2 uptake for in vitro radiotherapy of colon cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6942-6945. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07304d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introducing 2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium iodide (Dmim) as a monodentate ligand during the preparation of ZIF-8 yields ZIF-8+(50) and ZIF-8+(38) with cationic ‘missing linker’ defects. ZIF-8+(38) adsorbs 125I2 and the resulting radioactive host-guest...
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17
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Evans AM, Strauss MJ, Corcos AR, Hirani Z, Ji W, Hamachi LS, Aguilar-Enriquez X, Chavez AD, Smith BJ, Dichtel WR. Two-Dimensional Polymers and Polymerizations. Chem Rev 2021; 122:442-564. [PMID: 34852192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have developed robust methods to synthesize discrete molecules, linear and branched polymers, and disordered cross-linked networks. However, two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) prepared from designed monomers have been long missing from these capabilities, both as objects of chemical synthesis and in nature. Recently, new polymerization strategies and characterization methods have enabled the unambiguous realization of covalently linked macromolecular sheets. Here we review 2DPs and 2D polymerization methods. Three predominant 2D polymerization strategies have emerged to date, which produce 2DPs either as monolayers or multilayer assemblies. We discuss the fundamental understanding and scope of each of these approaches, including: the bond-forming reactions used, the synthetic diversity of 2DPs prepared, their multilayer stacking behaviors, nanoscale and mesoscale structures, and macroscale morphologies. Additionally, we describe the analytical tools currently available to characterize 2DPs in their various isolated forms. Finally, we review emergent 2DP properties and the potential applications of planar macromolecules. Throughout, we highlight achievements in 2D polymerization and identify opportunities for continued study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Amanda R Corcos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zoheb Hirani
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Woojung Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leslie S Hamachi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Xavier Aguilar-Enriquez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Anton D Chavez
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brian J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University,1 Dent Drive, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania 17837, United States
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 1425 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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18
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Rezaee R, Montazer M, Mianehro A, Mahmoudirad M. Biomedical Applicable Cellulose Fabric Modified with Zirconium‐Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks (Zr‐MOFs). STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reihane Rezaee
- Textile Department Functional Fibrous Structures & Environmental Enhancement (FFSEE) Amirkabir University of Technology Hafez Tehran 1591634311 Iran
| | - Majid Montazer
- Textile Department Functional Fibrous Structures & Environmental Enhancement (FFSEE) Amirkabir University of Technology Hafez Tehran 1591634311 Iran
| | - Ali Mianehro
- Textile Department Functional Fibrous Structures & Environmental Enhancement (FFSEE) Amirkabir University of Technology Hafez Tehran 1591634311 Iran
| | - Mahnaz Mahmoudirad
- Skin Research Center Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences Tehran 1983969411 Iran
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19
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Peng S, Qi YJ, Li XH, Sun C, Li LY, Li XX, Zheng ST, Zhang Q. Two isomeric zeolite-like metal–organic frameworks with mechanically responsive luminescence emission and gas adsorption properties. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00464f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The two isomeric zeolite-like metal–organic frameworks based on tetrahedral TPO3− ligands and tetrahedrally connected Cd2+ ions were prepared. One of the compounds shows mechanic-responsive luminescence after the crystals were ground for different time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yan-Jie Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xin-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Cai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ling-Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xin-Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Shou-Tian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China
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