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Feng HJ, Qi F, Li JY, Lin WY, Jiang LH, Zhang MY, Zeng L, Huang L. Dual Roles of the Photooxidation of Organic Amines for Enhanced Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8770-8777. [PMID: 38968171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen-mediated triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) quenching limits the application of such organic upconversion materials. Here, we report that the photooxidation of organic amines is an effective and versatile strategy to suppress oxygen-mediated upconversion quenching in both organic solvents and aqueous solutions. The strategy is based on the dual role of organic amines in photooxidation, i.e., as singlet oxygen scavengers and electron donors. Under photoexcitation, the photosensitizer sensitizes oxygen to produce singlet oxygen for the oxidation of alkylamine, reducing the oxygen concentration. However, photoinduced electron transfer among photosensitizers, organic amines, and oxygen leads to the production of superoxide anions that suppress TTA-UC. To observe oxygen-tolerating TTA-UC, we find that alkyl secondary amines can balance the production of singlet oxygen and superoxide anions. We then utilize polyethyleneimine (PEI) to synthesize amphiphilic polymers to encapsulate TTA-UC pairs for the formation of water-dispersible, ultrasmall, and multicolor-emitting TTA-UC nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Juan Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Fang Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yue Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Han Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Le Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Ling Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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2
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Shibu A, Jones S, Tolley PL, Diaz D, Kwiatkowski CO, Jones DS, Shivas JM, Foley JJ, Schmedake TA, Walter MG. Correlating structure and photophysical properties in thiazolo[5,4- d]thiazole crystal derivatives for use in solid-state photonic and fluorescence-based optical devices. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 4:6321-6332. [PMID: 38021465 PMCID: PMC10680346 DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for new fluorescent small molecule dyes for solid state applications in the photonics and optoelectronics industry. Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz) is an organic heterocycle moiety which has previously shown remarkable properties as a conjugated polymer and in solution-based studies. For TTz-based small molecules to be incorporated in solid-state fluorescence-based optical devices, a thorough elucidation of their structure-photophysical properties needs to be established. Herein, we have studied four TTz-based materials functionalized with alkyl appendages of varying carbon chain lengths. We report the single crystal structures of the TTz derivatives, three of which were previously unknown. The packing modes of the crystals reveal that molecular arrangements are largely governed by a chorus of synergistic intermolecular non-covalent interactions. Three crystals packed in herringbone mode and one crystal packed in slipped stacks proving that alkyl appendages modulate structural organization in TTz-based materials. Steady state and time-resolved photophysical properties of these crystals were studied via diffuse-reflectance, micro-Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The crystals fluoresce from orange-red to blue spanning through the whole gamut of the visible spectrum. We have established that photophysical properties are a function of crystal packing in symmetrically substituted TTz-based materials. This correlation was then utilized to fabricate crystalline blends. We demonstrate, for the first time, that symmetrically substituted donor-acceptor-donor TTz-based materials can be used for phosphor-converted color-tuning and white-light emission. Given the cost effectiveness, ease of synthesis and now a structure-photophysics correlation, we present a compelling case for the adoption of TTz-based materials in solid-state photonic and fluorescence-based optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shibu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Sean Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - P Lane Tolley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - David Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Carly O Kwiatkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Daniel S Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Jessica M Shivas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Jonathan J Foley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Thomas A Schmedake
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
| | - Michael G Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina 28223 USA
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3
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Ge B, Ye Y, Yan Y, Luo H, Chen Y, Meng X, Song X, Liang Z. Thiazolo[5,4- d]thiazole-Based Metal-Organic Framework for Catalytic CO 2 Cycloaddition and Photocatalytic Benzylamine Coupling Reactions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19288-19297. [PMID: 37956183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with permanent porosity and multifunctional catalytic sites constructed by two or more organic ligands are regarded as effective heterogeneous catalysts to improve certain organic catalytic reactions. In this work, a pillared-layer Zn-MOF (MOF-LS10) was constructed by 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrazine (H4TCPP) and 2,5-di(pyridin-4-yl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (DPTZTZ). After activation, MOF-LS10 has a permanent porosity and moderate CO2 adsorption capacity. The introduction of thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TZTZ), a photoactive unit, into the framework endows MOF-LS10 with excellent photocatalytic performance. MOF-LS10 can not only efficiently catalyze the formation of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxide substrates under mild conditions but also can photocatalyze benzylamine coupling at room temperature. In addition, we used another two ligands 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene (H4BTEB) and 1,4-di(pyridin-4-yl)benzene (DPB) to synthesize MOF-LS11 (constructed by BTEB4- and DPTZTZ) and MOF-LS12 (constructed by TCPP4- and DPB) in order to explore whether the pyrazine structural unit and the TZTZ structural unit synergistically catalyze the reaction. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum demonstrates that the superoxide radical (·O2-), generated by electron transfer from the MOF excited by light to the oxidant, is the main active substance of oxidation. The design and synthesis of MOF-LS10 provide an effective synthetic strategy for the development of versatile heterogeneous catalysts for various organic reactions and a wide range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangdi Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Huairou Branch of Beijing No. 101 Middle School, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xianyu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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4
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Li X, Huang C, Fan Y, Bai Z, An BL, Xu J, Zheng W, Bai YL. Boosting Solid-State Luminescence of Thiazolothiazole Viologen by Incorporating Metal Halide Clusters to Hinder π-Stacking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46022-46030. [PMID: 37729492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy is developed herein to improve the solid fluorescence of thiazolothiazole viologen by using the ZnCl42- cluster as a scaffold to hinder π-stacking. Importantly, the Cl···H bonds are formed in the solid state to sustain the framework and can be automatically dissociated when dissolved in H2O, thus having no impact on the strong emission in aqueous solution. As such, the first case of organic-inorganic viologen-zinc halide named 4PV·ZnCl4 was designed and synthesized, and a significant increase in photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦF) is realized from 4PV·2Br (ΦF = 0%) to 4PV·ZnCl4 (ΦF = 27.0%) in solid and from 97% to 98% in H2O. 4PV·ZnCl4 also displays pH stimuli-responsive naked-eye chromic behavior and photoluminescence with different coloring states and intensities. The multifunctional performance of 4PV·ZnCl4 provides a prerequisite for carrying different information, expanding their promising application in multilevel information encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyi Li
- NEST LAB, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chen Huang
- NEST LAB, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu Fan
- NEST LAB, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhiang Bai
- NEST LAB, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bao-Li An
- NEST LAB, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- NEST LAB, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Yue-Ling Bai
- NEST LAB, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Rd, Shanghai 200444, China
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5
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Schloemer T, Narayanan P, Zhou Q, Belliveau E, Seitz M, Congreve DN. Nanoengineering Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion: From Materials to Real-World Applications. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3259-3288. [PMID: 36800310 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Using light to control matter has captured the imagination of scientists for generations, as there is an abundance of photons at our disposal. Yet delivering photons beyond the surface to many photoresponsive systems has proven challenging, particularly at scale, due to light attenuation via absorption and scattering losses. Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC), a process which allows for low energy photons to be converted to high energy photons, is poised to overcome these challenges by allowing for precise spatial generation of high energy photons due to its nonlinear nature. With a wide range of sensitizer and annihilator motifs available for TTA-UC, many researchers seek to integrate these materials in solution or solid-state applications. In this Review, we discuss nanoengineering deployment strategies and highlight their uses in recent state-of-the-art examples of TTA-UC integrated in both solution and solid-state applications. Considering both implementation tactics and application-specific requirements, we identify critical needs to push TTA-UC-based applications from an academic curiosity to a scalable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Schloemer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Pournima Narayanan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Emma Belliveau
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael Seitz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel N Congreve
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Zhang J, Ruiz-Molina D, Novio F, Roscini C. Water-Stable Upconverting Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Transparent Films and Anticounterfeiting Patterns with Air-Stable Upconversion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8377-8386. [PMID: 36722461 PMCID: PMC9940112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photon upconversion (UC) based on triplet-triplet annihilation is a very promising phenomenon with potential application in several areas, though, due to the intrinsic mechanism, the achievement of diffusion-limited solid materials with air-stable UC is still a challenge. Herein, we report UC coordination polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) combining sensitizer and emitter molecules especially designed with alkyl spacers that promote the amorphous character. Beyond the characteristic constraints of crystalline MOFs, amorphous CPNs facilitate high dye density and flexible ratio tunability. To show the universality of the approach, two types of UC-CPNs are reported, exhibiting highly photostable UC in two different visible spectral regions. Given their nanoscale, narrow size distribution, and good chemical/colloidal stability in water, the CPNs were also successfully printed as anticounterfeiting patterns and used to make highly transparent and photostable films for luminescent solar concentrators, both showing air-stable UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Zhang
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Campus
UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Molina
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Novio
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona (UAB), Campus
UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola
del Vallès, Spain
| | - Claudio Roscini
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Wu C, Xing Z, Yang S, Li Z, Zhou W. Nanoreactors for photocatalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Xie Y, Sun G, Mandl GA, Maurizio SL, Chen J, Capobianco JA, Sun L. Upconversion Luminescence through Cooperative and Energy-Transfer Mechanisms in Yb 3+ -Metal-Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216269. [PMID: 36437239 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) have versatile luminescence properties, however it is challenging to achieve lanthanide-based upconversion luminescence in these materials. Here, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) and trivalent Yb3+ ions were used to generate crystalline Yb-BTC MOF 1D-microrods with upconversion luminescence under near infrared excitation via cooperative luminescence. Subsequently, the Yb-BTC MOFs were doped with a variety of different lanthanides to evaluate the potential for Yb3+ -based upconversion and energy transfer. Yb-BTC MOFs doped with Er3+ , Ho3+ , Tb3+ , and Eu3+ ions exhibit both the cooperative luminescence from Yb3+ and the characteristic emission bands of these ions under 980 nm irradiation. In contrast, only the 497 nm upconversion emission band from Yb3+ is observed in the MOFs doped with Tm3+ , Pr3+ , Sm3+ , and Dy3+ . The effects of different dopants on the efficiency of cooperative luminescence were established and will provide guidance for the exploitation of Ln-MOFs exhibiting upconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xie
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Guotao Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Gabrielle A Mandl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, H4B 1R6, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven L Maurizio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, H4B 1R6, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jiabo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - John A Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, H4B 1R6, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lining Sun
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 200444, Shanghai, China
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9
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Two novel coordination polymers based on “V”-shaped carboxylic acid: synthesis, crystal structure and properties. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Zeng L, Huang L, Han G. Dye Doped Metal-Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Phototherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114479. [PMID: 35932906 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy is a noninvasive cancer treatment that relies on the interaction between light and photoactive agents. These photoactive agents are typically organic dyes, but their hydrophobic nature and self-aggregation tendency in biological media greatly restricts the development of highly effective phototherapeutic systems. In the past decade, functional dye-doped metal-organic framework (MOF)-based phototherapy has attracted enormous interest because organic dyes can be encapsulated and isolated within the MOF structure to show superior treatment efficacy. In addition to incorporating the reported phototherapeutic dyes into MOF as the ligand or the guest in the pores, the construction of an MOF-based phototherapy agent can also be extended to these dye units that are previously inactive for phototherapy. Thus, this review focuses on the emerging development of phototherapeutic MOFs that exhibited better performance than the involving dye units due to the controlled dye aggregation within the MOF. The related mechanisms and some emerging future directions of dye-doped MOF-based phototherapy are also discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, United States.
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11
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Qin JH, Xiao Z, Xu P, Li ZH, Lu X, Yang XG, Lu W, Ma LF, Li DS. Anionic Porous Zn-Metalated Porphyrin Metal-Organic Framework with PtS Topology for Gas-Phase Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13234-13238. [PMID: 35975946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Presented here are the synthesis and gas-phase photocatalytic CO2 reduction of an anionic porous Zn-metalated porphyrin metal-organic framework (MOF) induced by an ionic liquid. The desired CO2 affinity and deep conduction band position of the MOF catalyst provide strong kinetic and thermodynamic advantages for photocatalytic CO2 to CH4 conversion with high selectivity (∼70%) in H2O vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Qin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Zhi Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China.,College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Peng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
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12
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Upconversion Nanostructures Applied in Theranostic Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169003. [PMID: 36012269 PMCID: PMC9409402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Upconversion (UC) nanostructures, which can upconvert near-infrared (NIR) light with low energy to visible or UV light with higher energy, are investigated for theranostic applications. The surface of lanthanide (Ln)-doped UC nanostructures can be modified with different functional groups and bioconjugated with biomolecules for therapeutic systems. On the other hand, organic molecular-based UC nanostructures, by using the triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) UC mechanism, have high UC quantum yields and do not require high excitation power. In this review, the major UC mechanisms in different nanostructures have been introduced, including the Ln-doped UC mechanism and the TTA UC mechanism. The design and fabrication of Ln-doped UC nanostructures and TTA UC-based UC nanostructures for theranostic applications have been reviewed and discussed. In addition, the current progress in the application of UC nanostructures for diagnosis and therapy has been summarized, including tumor-targeted bioimaging and chemotherapy, image-guided diagnosis and phototherapy, NIR-triggered controlled drug releasing and bioimaging. We also provide insight into the development of emerging UC nanostructures in the field of theranostics.
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13
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Recent Advances in the Photoreactions Triggered by Porphyrin-Based Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Systems: Molecular Innovations and Nanoarchitectonics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148041. [PMID: 35887385 PMCID: PMC9323209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is a very promising technology that could be used to convert low-energy photons to high-energy ones and has been proven to be of great value in various areas. Porphyrins have the characteristics of high molar absorbance, can form a complex with different metal ions and a high proportion of triplet states as well as tunable structures, and thus they are important sensitizers for TTA-UC. Porphyrin-based TTA-UC plays a pivotal role in the TTA-UC systems and has been widely used in many fields such as solar cells, sensing and circularly polarized luminescence. In recent years, applications of porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems for photoinduced reactions have emerged, but have been paid little attention. As a consequence, this review paid close attention to the recent advances in the photoreactions triggered by porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems. First of all, the photochemistry of porphyrin-based TTA-UC for chemical transformations, such as photoisomerization, photocatalytic synthesis, photopolymerization, photodegradation and photochemical/photoelectrochemical water splitting, was discussed in detail, which revealed the different mechanisms of TTA-UC and methods with which to carry out reasonable molecular innovations and nanoarchitectonics to solve the existing problems in practical application. Subsequently, photoreactions driven by porphyrin-based TTA-UC for biomedical applications were demonstrated. Finally, the future developments of porphyrin-based TTA-UC systems for photoreactions were briefly discussed.
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14
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Limón D, Hornick JE, Cai K, Beldjoudi Y, Duch M, Plaza JA, Pérez-García L, Stoddart JF. Polysilicon Microchips Functionalized with Bipyridinium-Based Cyclophanes for a Highly Efficient Cytotoxicity in Cancerous Cells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5358-5375. [PMID: 35357125 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of micrometric-sized vehicles could greatly improve selectivity of cytotoxic compounds as their lack of self-diffusion could maximize their retention in tissues. We have used polysilicon microparticles (SiμP) to conjugate bipyridinium-based compounds, able to induce cytotoxicity under regular intracellular conditions. Homogeneous functionalization in suspension was achieved, where the open-chain structure exhibits a more dense packing than cyclic analogues. The microparticles internalized induce high cytotoxicity per particle in cancerous HeLa cells, and the less densely packed functionalization using cyclophanes promotes higher cytotoxicity per bipy than with open-chain analogues. The self-renewing ability of the particles and their proximity to cell membranes may account for increased lipid peroxidation, achieving toxicity at much lower concentrations than that in solution and in less time, inducing highly efficient cytotoxicity in cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Limón
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jessica E Hornick
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yassine Beldjoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Marta Duch
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A Plaza
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona IMB-CNM (CSIC), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluïsa Pérez-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona (IN2UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2033, Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 311418 Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, 311215 Hangzhou, China
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15
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Li Y, Jiang C, Chen X, Jiang Y, Yao C. Yb 3+-Doped Two-Dimensional Upconverting Tb-MOF Nanosheets with Luminescence Sensing Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8343-8352. [PMID: 35104398 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we synthesized a Yb3+-doped two-dimensional (2-D) upconverting Tb metal-organic framework (Tb-MOF) (hereinafter referred to as Tb-UCMOF) by a one-step solvothermal method. The synthesized Tb-UCMOF is composed of stacks of 2-D nanosheets with an average width distributed between 250 and 300 nm, and these nanosheets can be exfoliated by a simple liquid ultrasound method. The structural characteristics of this flaky particle accumulation are confirmed by the type IV adsorption-desorption isotherm with a H3-type adsorption hysteresis loop, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface of Tb-UCMOF is 143.9257 m2·g-1. Tb-UCMOF has characteristic emissions of Tb3+ which are located at 490, 545, 585, and 621 nm under 980 nm excitation. The upconverting luminescence mechanism is attributed to that Yb3+ absorbs multiple photons and transfers the energy to Tb3+, causing its 4f electrons to jump to the excited state, and then the upconverting emissions are obtained when electrons return to the ground state. Since the Tb-UCMOF nanosheets have high dispersibility and an obvious upconverting luminescent signal, we explored their luminescence sensing properties. The luminescence intensity is found to gradually decrease with the addition of Cu2+, the linear range of Cu2+ sensing is 0-1.4 μM, and the detection limit is 0.16 μM. This rapid, highly selective, and sensitive Cu2+ sensing indicates that 2-D upconverting MOF nanosheets have great application prospects in luminescence sensing and also promote the research of 2-D upconverting MOFs with specific recognition for the application of biological and environmental luminescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chen Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhang Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Yao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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16
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Costa LD, Guieu S, Faustino MDAF, Tomé AC. Straightforward synthesis of thiazolo[5,4- c]isoquinolines from dithiooxamide and 2-halobenzaldehydes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiazolo[5,4-c]isoquinolines, an (up to now) elusive family of compounds, are prepared in one reaction only from simple commercial reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia D. Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Samuel Guieu
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Augusto C. Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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Wan R, Ha DG, Dou JH, Lee WS, Chen T, Oppenheim JJ, Li J, Tisdale WA, Dincă M. Dipole-mediated exciton management strategy enabled by reticular chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10792-10797. [PMID: 36320711 PMCID: PMC9491208 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectively blocking undesirable exciton transfer pathways is crucial for utilizing exciton conversion processes that involve participation of multiple chromophores. This is particularly challenging for solid-state systems, where the chromophores are fixed in close proximity. For instance, the low efficiency of solid-state triplet–triplet upconversion calls for inhibiting the parasitic singlet back-transfer without blocking the flow of triplet excitons. Here, we present a reticular chemistry strategy that inhibits the resonance energy transfer of singlet excitons. Within a pillared layer metal–organic framework (MOF), pyrene-based singlet donors are situated perpendicular to porphyrin-based acceptors. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction enable direct visualization of the structural relationship between donor and acceptor (D–A) chromophores within the MOF. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that the structural and symmetry features of the MOF reduce the donor-to-acceptor singlet transfer efficiency to less than 36% compared to around 96% in the control sample, where the relative orientation of the donor and acceptor chromophores cannot be controlled. A strategy is designed to selectively block undesirable pathways in photophysical processes that consist of a mixture of Förster and Dexter energy transfer steps.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruomeng Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong-Gwang Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jin-Hu Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Woo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julius J. Oppenheim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Shibu A, Middleton C, Kwiatkowski CO, Kaushal M, Gillen JH, Walter MG. Self-Assembly-Directed Exciton Diffusion in Solution-Processable Metalloporphyrin Thin Films. Molecules 2021; 27:35. [PMID: 35011266 PMCID: PMC8746414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of excited-state energy diffusion has had an important impact in the development and optimization of organic electronics. For instance, optimizing excited-state energy migration in the photoactive layer in an organic solar cell device has been shown to yield efficient solar energy conversion. Despite the crucial role that energy migration plays in molecular electronic device physics, there is still a great deal to be explored to establish how molecular orientation impacts energy diffusion mechanisms. In this work, we have synthesized a new library of solution-processable, Zn (alkoxycarbonyl)phenylporphyrins containing butyl (ZnTCB4PP), hexyl (ZnTCH4PP), 2-ethylhexyl (ZnTCEH4PP), and octyl (ZnTCO4PP) alkoxycarbonyl groups. We establish that, by varying the length of the peripheral alkyl chains on the metalloporphyrin macrocycle, preferential orientation and molecular self-assembly is observed in solution-processed thin films. The resultant arrangement of molecules consequently affects the electronic and photophysical characteristics of the metalloporphyrin thin films. The various molecular arrangements in the porphyrin thin films and their resultant impact were determined using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence emission lifetimes, and X-ray diffraction in thin films. The films were doped with C60 quencher molecules and the change in fluorescence was measured to derive a relative quenching efficiency. Using emission decay, relative quenching efficiency, and dopant volume fraction as input, insights on exciton diffusion coefficient and exciton diffusion lengths were obtained from a Monte Carlo simulation. The octyl derivative (ZnTCO4PP) showed the strongest relative fluorescence quenching and, therefore, the highest exciton diffusion coefficient (5.29 × 10-3 cm2 s-1) and longest exciton diffusion length (~81 nm). The octyl derivative also showed the strongest out-of-plane stacking among the metalloporphyrins studied. This work demonstrates how molecular self-assembly can be used to modulate and direct exciton diffusion in solution-processable metalloporphyrin thin films engineered for optoelectronic and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael G. Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (A.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.K.); (M.K.); (J.H.G.)
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19
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Fiankor C, Nyakuchena J, Khoo RSH, Zhang X, Hu Y, Yang S, Huang J, Zhang J. Symmetry-Guided Synthesis of N,N'-Bicarbazole and Porphyrin-Based Mixed-Ligand Metal-Organic Frameworks: Light Harvesting and Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20411-20418. [PMID: 34797665 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, many attempts have been made to mimic the energy transfer (EnT) in photosynthesis, a key process occurring in nature that is of fundamental significance in solar fuels and sustainable energy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of porous crystalline materials self-assembled from organic linkers and metal or metal cluster nodes, offer an ideal platform for the exploration of directional EnT phenomena. However, placing energy donor and acceptor moieties within the same framework with an atomistic precision appears to be a major synthesis challenge. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a highly porous and photoactive N,N'-bicarbazole- and porphyrin-based mixed-ligand MOF, namely, NPF-500-H2TCPP (NPF = Nebraska porous framework; H2TCPP = meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin), where the secondary ligand H2TCPP is incorporated precisely through the open metal sites of the equatorial plane of the octahedron cage resulting from the underlying (4,8) connected network of NPF-500. The efficient EnT process from N,N'-bicarbazole to porphyrin in NPF-500-H2TCPP was captured by time-resolved spectroscopy and exemplified by photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole. These results demonstrate not only the capability of NPF-500 as the scaffold to precisely arrange the donor-acceptor assembly for the EnT process but also the potential to directly utilize the EnT process for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fiankor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - James Nyakuchena
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Rebecca Shu Hui Khoo
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Yuchen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Sizhuo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States.,The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Enomoto R, Hoshi M, Oyama H, Agata H, Kurokawa S, Kuma H, Uekusa H, Murakami Y. van der Waals solid solution crystals for highly efficient in-air photon upconversion under subsolar irradiance. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3449-3456. [PMID: 34751288 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Triplet-sensitized photon upconversion (UC) has been proposed for broad applications. However, the quest for superior solid materials has been challenged by the poor exciton transport often caused by low crystallinity, a small crystal domain, and aggregation of triplet sensitizers. Here, we demonstrate substantial advantages of the van der Waals solid solution concept to yield molecular crystals with extraordinary performance. A 0.001%-order porphyrin sensitizer is dissolved during recrystallization into the molecular crystals of a blue-fluorescent hydrocarbon annihilator, 9-(2-naphthyl)-10-[4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthracene (ANNP), which contains bulky side groups. This attempt yields millimeter-sized, uniformly colored, transparent solid solution crystals, which resolves the long-standing problem of sensitizer aggregation. After annealing, the crystals exhibit unprecedented UC performance (UC quantum yield reaching 16% out of a maximum of 50% by definition; excitation intensity threshold of 0.175 sun; and high photostability of over 150 000 s) in air, which proves that this concept is highly effective in the quest for superior UC solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Enomoto
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Megumi Hoshi
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| | - Hironaga Oyama
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Agata
- Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., 2 Takaracho, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-8623, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kurokawa
- Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8321, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kuma
- Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1-2-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8321, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoichi Murakami
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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21
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Murakami Y, Kamada K. Kinetics of photon upconversion by triplet-triplet annihilation: a comprehensive tutorial. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18268-18282. [PMID: 34612372 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article provides a comprehensive but organized tutorial introduction of the kinetics related to photon upconversion (UC) by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) (TTA-UC). The field of TTA-UC is multi-disciplinary and rapidly growing with the involvement of researchers from diverse backgrounds. TTA-UC consists of a series of tangled photophysical processes, so a solid understanding of the kinetic features and consequences is important to develop and evaluate materials for TTA-UC. This tutorial starts with an introduction of the standard model of TTA-UC along with the assumptions used in the model. The essential concept of the spin statistics for TTA and how this concept is related to the singlet branching ratio, which directly affects the efficiency of UC, are then explained through step-by-step analyses. Using these foundations, solutions for the steady-state behaviors are derived, featuring the universal curve that describes the excitation intensity dependence of the UC quantum yield for any sample type. Various useful functions for analyzing experimental data are also introduced and summarized. The transient behaviors of TTA-UC are then discussed along with their equations, and the usefulness for analyzing transient experimental data is explained using examples. In this article, self-consistent derivations and relevant references are provided for an easy understanding of the advanced discussion and analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Murakami
- School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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22
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Richards BS, Hudry D, Busko D, Turshatov A, Howard IA. Photon Upconversion for Photovoltaics and Photocatalysis: A Critical Review. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9165-9195. [PMID: 34327987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Opportunities for enhancing solar energy harvesting using photon upconversion are reviewed. The increasing prominence of bifacial solar cells is an enabling factor for the implementation of upconversion, however, when the realistic constraints of current best-performing silicon devices are considered, many challenges remain before silicon photovoltaics operating under nonconcentrated sunlight can be enhanced via lanthanide-based upconversion. A photophysical model reveals that >1-2 orders of magnitude increase in the intermediate state lifetime, energy transfer rate, or generation rate would be needed before such solar upconversion could start to become efficient. Methods to increase the generation rate such as the use of cosensitizers to expand the absorption range and the use of plasmonics or photonic structures are reviewed. The opportunities and challenges for these approaches (or combinations thereof) to achieve efficient solar upconversion are discussed. The opportunity for enhancing the performance of technologies such as luminescent solar concentrators by combining upconversion together with micro-optics is also reviewed. Triplet-triplet annihilation-based upconversion is progressing steadily toward being relevant to lower-bandgap solar cells. Looking toward photocatalysis, photophysical modeling indicates that current blue-to-ultraviolet lanthanide upconversion systems are very inefficient. However, hope remains in this direction for organic upconversion enhancing the performance of visible-light-active photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Damien Hudry
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dmitry Busko
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ian A Howard
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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23
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Chinapang P, Iwami H, Enomoto T, Akai T, Kondo M, Masaoka S. Dirhodium-Based Supramolecular Framework Catalyst for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12634-12643. [PMID: 34269046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The direct conversion of solar energy to clean fuels as alternatives to fossil fuels is an important approach for addressing the global energy shortage and environmental problems. Here, we introduce a new dirhodium-complex-based framework assembly as a heterogeneous molecule-based photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution using visible light. Two dirhodium complexes bearing visible-light-harvesting BODIPY (boron dipyrromethene, BDP) moieties were newly designed and synthesized. The obtained complexes were self-assembled to framework structures (supramolecular framework catalysts), which are stabilized intermolecular noncovalent interactions. These frameworks retained excellent visible-light-harvesting properties of BDP moieties. Investigation of the catalytic performance of the supramolecular framework catalysts revealed that the supramolecular framework catalyst with heavy atoms at BDP moieties exhibited excellent performance in the formation of hydrogen with a reaction rate of 275.8 μmol g-1 h-1 under irradiation of visible light, whereas the supramolecular framework catalyst without heavy atoms at BDP moieties was inactive. Moreover, the system has the additional benefits of high durability (up to 96 h), reusability, and facile removal from the reaction mixture. We also disclosed the effect of heavy atoms at BDP moieties on the catalytic activity and proposed a reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pondchanok Chinapang
- Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hikaru Iwami
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Enomoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takuya Akai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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