1
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Zou M, Kuruppu S, Emge TJ, Waldie KM. Metal- versus ligand-centered reactivity of a cobalt-phenylenediamide complex with electrophiles. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:13174-13183. [PMID: 39045716 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
A new series of [CoIII-CF3]n+ complexes supported by a bidentate redox-active ligand is presented. The cationic [Co-CF3]+ complex was first obtained by reacting [CpCo(tBuUreaopda)] (Cp = cyclopentadienyl, opda = o-phenylenediamide) with an electrophilic trifluoromethyl source, for which the redox-active phenylenediamide ligand serves as a 2e- reservoir to generate [CpCp(tBuUreabqdi)(CF3)]+ (bqdi = benzoquinonediimine). Electrochemical studies of [Co-CF3]+ revealed two reversible 1e- reductions. Chemical reduction with 1 or 2 equiv. reducing agent enabled isolation of the neutral and anionic complexes, respectively, where the [CoIII-CF3] bond remains intact in all three oxidation states (n = +1, 0, -1). Structural analysis shows systematic changes to the redox-active ligand backbone upon reduction, consistent with sequential ligand-centered electron transfer in the series [bqdi]0 to [s-bqdi]˙- to [opda]2-. In contrast, the reaction of [CpCo(tBuUreaopda)] with alkyl triflates resulted in ligand-centered alkylation at the ureayl groups instead of the targeted Co-alkyl bond formation, suggesting less favorable bond formation at cobalt and greater nucleophilic accessibility of the ligand compared to the metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhu Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Sewwandi Kuruppu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | - Kate M Waldie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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2
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Gallego-Gamo A, Sarró P, Ji Y, Pleixats R, Molins E, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Vallribera A, Granados A. Direct Synthesis of 2-Hydroxytrifluoroethylacetophenones via Organophotoredox-Mediated Net-Neutral Radical/Polar Crossover. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39087492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Alkene difunctionalization is a very attractive tool in synthetic organic chemistry. Herein, we disclose an operationally and practically simple method to access 2-hydroxytrifluoroethylacetophenones from styrene derivatives via photoredox catalysis. This light-mediated transformation promotes the generation of the 1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl carbon-centered radical as key synthon, which undergoes Giese addition with styrenes followed by a Kornblum oxidation process. The presented method is not only mild and cost-effective, but also utilizes an organic photocatalyst and DMSO as oxidant. Experimental investigations support the operative mechanism via net-neutral radical/polar crossover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gallego-Gamo
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Sarró
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yingmin Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elies Molins
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Granados
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Guo C, Wang X, Ding Q, Wu J. C-H Bond Sulfonylation from Thianthrenium Salts and DABCO·(SO 2) 2: Synthesis of 2-Sulfonylindoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9672-9680. [PMID: 38871666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
A three-component reaction of 1-(1H-indol-1-yl)isoquinolines or 1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-indoles, DABCO·(SO2)2, and thianthrenium salts under synergistic photoredox and palladium catalysis is accomplished. This direct C-H bond sulfonylation of indoles with the insertion of sulfur dioxide under mild conditions works efficiently, giving rise to a wide range of 2-sulfonated indoles in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. In this protocol, the generality of aryl/alkyl thianthrenium salts is demonstrated as well. A photoredox radical process combined with palladium catalysis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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4
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Ren JX, Zhou M, Feng XT, Zhao HY, Fu XP, Zhang X. Site-selective S-gem-difluoroallylation of unprotected peptides with 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfonium salts. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10002-10009. [PMID: 38966370 PMCID: PMC11220611 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02681k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bench-stable 3,3-difluoroallyl sulfonium salts (DFASs), featuring tunable activity and their editable C-β and gem-difluoroallyl group, proved to be versatile fluoroalkylating reagents for site-selective S-gem-difluoroallylation of cysteine residues in unprotected peptides. The reaction proceeds with high efficiency under mild conditions (ambient temperature and aqueous and weak basic conditions). Various protected/unprotected peptides, especially bioactive peptides, are site-selectively S-gem-difluoroallylated. The newly added gem-difluoroallyl group and other functional groups derived from C-β of DFASs are poised for ligation with bio-functional groups through click and radical chemistry. This stepwise "doubly orthogonal" modification of peptides enables the construction of bioconjugates with enhanced complexity and functionality. This proof of principle is successfully applied to construct a peptide-saccharide-biotin chimeric bioconjugate, indicating its great potential application in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Minqi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiao-Tian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hai-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xia-Ping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xingang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China
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5
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Liu H, Han X, Feng X, Zhang L, Sun F, Jia F, Zhao Z, Liu H, Li X. Redox Reactions of Organic Molecules Using Rotating Magnetic Field and Metal Rods. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18143-18150. [PMID: 38916056 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, redox reactions have harnessed light or mechanical energy to enable the formation of chemical bonds. We postulated a complementary approach that electromagnetic induction could promote the redox reaction of organic molecules using a rotating magnetic field and metal rods. Here, we report that electromotive force activates the redox-active trifluoromethylating reagents. This magnetoredox system can be applied to the trifluoromethylation of heteroarenes with high regioselectivity and hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes without the need for catalysts and organic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Xuliang Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Xiaomei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Fenggang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Fuchao Jia
- School of Physics and Optoelelctronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Zengdian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Xinjin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
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6
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Bhattacharyya A, Vadde V, Sarmah MP, Muthukumar M, Mathur A, Tester R. Organic Photoredox-Catalyzed S-Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Thiols. Org Lett 2024; 26:5370-5374. [PMID: 38888594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated trifluoromethylation protocol was developed for the conversion of (hetero)aromatic thiols to their respective S-trifluoromethylated derivatives employing trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride (CF3SO2Cl) as a cost-effective source of trifluoromethyl radical (CF3·) and a highly reducing organophotocatalyst, 3DPA2FBN. The developed methodology is operationally simple, providing access to a diverse range of products in up to 92% yield. A plausible mechanism has been postulated based on preliminary mechanistic studies, including irradiation on/off, UV-vis studies, and radical trapping experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Veeresh Vadde
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Manash Pratim Sarmah
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - M Muthukumar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Ltd., Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore, 560 099, India
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Richland Tester
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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7
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Yamamoto T, Asakura M, Yamanomoto K, Shibata T, Endo K. Creation of a Chiral All-Carbon Quaternary Center Induced by CF 3 and CH 3 Substituents via Cu-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition. Org Lett 2024; 26:5312-5317. [PMID: 38869935 PMCID: PMC11217942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cu-catalyzed asymmetric construction of a chiral quaternary center bearing CH3 and CF3 groups was achieved with high to excellent enantioselectivity using our originally developed ligands. The asymmetric conjugate addition of Me3Al to β-CF3-substituted enones and unsaturated ketoesters proceeded efficiently. The use of unsaturated ketoesters gives optically active furanones in high yields with high enantioselectivities. The perfluoroalkyl-substituted enone does not seem to be favorable in the present reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyo Yamamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Masayuki Asakura
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ken Yamanomoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kohei Endo
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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8
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Zhang T, Rabeah J, Das S. Red-light-mediated copper-catalyzed photoredox catalysis promotes regioselectivity switch in the difunctionalization of alkenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5208. [PMID: 38890327 PMCID: PMC11189478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlling regioselectivity during difunctionalization of alkenes remains a significant challenge, particularly when the installation of both functional groups involves radical processes. In this aspect, methodologies to install trifluoromethane (-CF3) via difunctionalization have been explored, due to the importance of this moiety in the pharmaceutical sectors; however, these existing reports are limited, most of which affording only the corresponding β-trifluoromethylated products. The main reason for this limitation arises from the fact that -CF3 group served as an initiator in those reactions and predominantly preferred to be installed at the terminal (β) position of an alkene. On the contrary, functionalization of the -CF3 group at the internal (α) position of alkenes would provide valuable products, but a meticulous approach is necessary to win this regioselectivity switch. Intrigued by this challenge, we here develop an efficient and regioselective strategy where the -CF3 group is installed at the α-position of an alkene. Molecular complexity is achieved via the simultaneous insertion of a sulfonyl fragment (-SO2R) at the β-position. A precisely regulated sequence of radical generation using red light-mediated photocatalysis facilitates this regioselective switch from the terminal (β) position to the internal (α) position. Furthermore, this approach demonstrates broad substrate scope and industrial potential for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Rostock, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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9
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Wu X, Qiu X, Lou W, Zhang S, Zhang C, Ma X, Liu C. Efficient Trifluoromethylation of Halogenated Hydrocarbons Using Novel [(bpy)Cu(O 2CCF 2SO 2F) 2] Reagent. Molecules 2024; 29:2849. [PMID: 38930914 PMCID: PMC11206303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a novel trifluoromethylating reagent, [(bpy)Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2], notable for not only its practical synthesis from cost-effective starting materials and scalability but also its nonhygroscopic nature. The reagent demonstrates high efficiency in facilitating trifluoromethylation reactions with various halogenated hydrocarbons, yielding products in good yields and exhibiting broad functional group compatibility. The development of [(bpy)Cu(O2CCF2SO2F)2] represents an advancement in the field of organic synthesis, potentially serving as a valuable addition to the arsenal of existing trifluoromethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Wenrun Lou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Shengxue Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Chaoyi Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
- Shanghai-Sanming Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, 25 Jingdong Road, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
- Shanghai-Sanming Engineering Research Center of Green Fluoropharmaceutical Technology, 25 Jingdong Road, Sanming 365004, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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10
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Kerwin B, Liu SE, Sadhukhan T, Dasgupta A, Jones LO, López-Arteaga R, Zeng TT, Facchetti A, Schatz GC, Hersam MC, Marks TJ. Trifluoromethylation of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: A Mild Functionalization and Tunable p-Type Doping Method. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403494. [PMID: 38551580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Chemical modification is a powerful strategy for tuning the electronic properties of 2D semiconductors. Here we report the electrophilic trifluoromethylation of 2D WSe2 and MoS2 under mild conditions using the reagent trifluoromethyl thianthrenium triflate (TTT). Chemical characterization and density functional theory calculations reveal that the trifluoromethyl groups bind covalently to surface chalcogen atoms as well as oxygen substitution sites. Trifluoromethylation induces p-type doping in the underlying 2D material, enabling the modulation of charge transport and optical emission properties in WSe2. This work introduces a versatile and efficient method for tailoring the optical and electronic properties of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Kerwin
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
| | - Stephanie E Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
| | - Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Anushka Dasgupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
| | - Rafael López-Arteaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
| | - Thomas T Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL-60208-3113, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University 2220, Campus Drive, Evanston, IL-60208-3108, USA
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11
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Luo M, Zhu S, Yang C, Guo L, Xia W. Photoinduced Regioselective Fluorination and Vinylation of Remote C(sp 3)-H Bonds Using Thianthrenium Salts. Org Lett 2024; 26:4388-4393. [PMID: 38752694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a photoredox-driven practical protocol for fluorinated alkene synthesis using easily accessible and modular thianthrenium salts with electron-withdrawing alkynes or propargyl alcohols is reported. Vinyl radical intermediates, formed by the reaction between the alkyl or trifluoromethyl thianthrenium salts and electronically diverse alkynes, can mediate the key 1,5-HAT process of regioselective C(sp3)-H fluorination and vinylation. This protocol provides straightforward access to structurally diverse trifluoromethyl- or distally fluoro-functionalized alkene products in 21-79% yields with a broad substrate range under mild photocatalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Luo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shibo Zhu
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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12
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Kumar R, Dohi T, Zhdankin VV. Organohypervalent heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4786-4827. [PMID: 38545658 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes the structural and synthetic aspects of heterocyclic molecules incorporating an atom of a hypervalent main-group element. The term "hypervalent" has been suggested for derivatives of main-group elements with more than eight valence electrons, and the concept of hypervalency is commonly used despite some criticism from theoretical chemists. The significantly higher thermal stability of hypervalent heterocycles compared to their acyclic analogs adds special features to their chemistry, particularly for bromine and iodine. Heterocyclic compounds of elements with double bonds are not categorized as hypervalent molecules owing to the zwitterionic nature of these bonds, resulting in the conventional 8-electron species. This review is focused on hypervalent heterocyclic derivatives of nonmetal main-group elements, such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, chlorine, iodine(III) and iodine(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, NH-2, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1038 University Drive, 126 HCAMS University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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13
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Zhao XW, Zhu WQ, Yu-Jing, Shi YR, Zhang J, Li H, Yang MG, Fan QW, Li Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reaction of Indole/Pyrrole Involving HCFO-1233zd (E). Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304056. [PMID: 38379208 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
3-Indole-3-one is a key intermediate in the synthesis of many drugs and plays an important role in synthetic chemistry and biochemistry. A new method for synthesizing trifluoromethylated 3-indoleketones by Pd(0)-catalyzed carbonylation was introduced. In the absence of additives, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl (an inexpensive and environmentally friendly synthetic block of trifluoromethyl) reacts with indole and carbon monoxide to generate trifluoromethylindole ketones with good yields, regioselectivity, and chemical selectivity; furthermore, the products exhibit strong resistance to basic functional groups, such as alkynes, aldehydes, and esters. In addition to the conversion of indole compounds into corresponding products, pyrrole and heteroindole may be suitable for corresponding chemical transformations. This study provides a synthetic method for the further construction of trifluoromethylated 3-indole ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Wen-Qing Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Yu-Jing
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Yi-Ran Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Min-Ge Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Qiang-Wei Fan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
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14
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Lu Z, Wang L, Hughes M, Smith S, Shen Q. nBu 4N +[Ag I(CF 3) 2] -: Trifluoromethylated Argentate Derived from Fluoroform and Its Reaction with (Hetero)Aryl Diazonium Salts. Org Lett 2024; 26:2773-2777. [PMID: 37791681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of a well-defined trifluoromethylated argentate nBu4N+[Ag(CF3)2]- 1 from fluoroform was described. The complex was stable in the solid state and in solution under an inert atmosphere. Treatment of a variety of (hetero)aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborates with nBu4N+[Ag(CF3)2]- 1 generated trifluoromethylated (hetero)arenes in good to excellent yields. Preliminary experiments were conducted, and a reasonable mechanism of the reaction was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Linhua Wang
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Product Technology and Engineering, 410 Swing Rd, Greensboro, North Carolina 27409, United States
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Manufacturing Centre, Huddersfield HD2 1FF, U.K
| | - Stephen Smith
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealotts Hill Research Centre, Bracknell RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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15
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Zhou Y, Jiang Q, Cheng Y, Hu M, Duan XH, Liu L. Photoredox-Catalyzed Acylchlorination of α-CF 3 Alkenes with Acyl Chloride and Application as Masked Access to β-CF 3-enones. Org Lett 2024; 26:2656-2661. [PMID: 38526445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
We disclose a photocatalytic strategy that simultaneously addresses the construction of trifluoromethylated quaternary carbon centers and the preparation of β-CF3-enones through radical difunctionalization of α-CF3 alkenes with acyl chlorides. This method is characterized by its broad functional group compatibility, high efficiency, and atom economy. The versatility of this transformation is poised to broaden the applications of α-CF3 alkenes, providing new pathways for the rapid assembly of structurally diverse fluorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yangyang Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mingyou Hu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Le Liu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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16
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Liu G, Shen H, Wang Z. Access to All-Carbon Quaternary Centers by Photocatalytic Fluoroalkylation of α-Halo Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2024; 26:1863-1867. [PMID: 38412234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl groups have become significantly important in pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. In this study, we present a visible light-mediated photoredox neutral strategy for the fluoroalkylation of tertiary alkyl chlorides under transition-metal-free conditions. This method allows for the facile synthesis of fluoroalkylated all-carbon quaternary centers, exhibiting excellent functional group compatibility. Mechanistic studies reveal the involvement of two reactive radical intermediates and the in situ formation of metal enolates in a radical-polar crossover manner. The versatility of this methodology is demonstrated through synthetic transformations based on the carbonyl group, showcasing its potential for the rapid assembly of diverse organic molecules bearing fluoroalkyl all-carbon quaternary centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Haigen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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17
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Wang Z, Lin JH, Xiao JC. Photocatalytic Keto- and Amino-Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:1980-1984. [PMID: 38421197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Efforts to develop alternatives to triflic anhydride (Tf2O) as a trifluoromethylation reagent continue due to its limitations, including volatility, corrosiveness, and moisture sensitivity. Described herein is the use of a trifluoromethylsulfonylpyridinium salt (TFSP), easily obtained by a one-step reaction of Tf2O with 4-dimethylaminopyridine, as a reagent for the trifluoromethylative difunctionalization of alkenes by photoredox catalysis. DMSO and CH3CN are suitable solvents for achieving keto- and amino-trifluoromethylation of alkenes, respectively, with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
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18
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Hartmann P, Bohdan K, Hommrich M, Juliá F, Vogelsang L, Eirich J, Zangl R, Farès C, Jacobs JB, Mukhopadhyay D, Mengeler JM, Vetere A, Sterling MS, Hinrichs H, Becker S, Morgner N, Schrader W, Finkemeier I, Dietz KJ, Griesinger C, Ritter T. Chemoselective umpolung of thiols to episulfoniums for cysteine bioconjugation. Nat Chem 2024; 16:380-388. [PMID: 38123842 PMCID: PMC10914617 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine conjugation is an important tool in protein research and relies on fast, mild and chemoselective reactions. Cysteinyl thiols can either be modified with prefunctionalized electrophiles, or converted into electrophiles themselves for functionalization with selected nucleophiles in an independent step. Here we report a bioconjugation strategy that uses a vinyl thianthrenium salt to transform cysteine into a highly reactive electrophilic episulfonium intermediate in situ, to enable conjugation with a diverse set of bioorthogonal nucleophiles in a single step. The reactivity profile can connect several nucleophiles to biomolecules through a short and stable ethylene linker, ideal for introduction of infrared labels, post-translational modifications or NMR probes. In the absence of reactive exogenous nucleophiles, nucleophilic amino acids can react with the episulfonium intermediate for native peptide stapling and protein-protein ligation. Ready synthetic access to isotopologues of vinyl thianthrenium salts enables applications in quantitative proteomics. Such diverse applications demonstrate the utility of vinyl-thianthrenium-based bioconjugation as a fast, selective and broadly applicable tool for chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kostiantyn Bohdan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Moritz Hommrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabio Juliá
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jürgen Eirich
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rene Zangl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christophe Farès
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Vetere
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | | | - Heike Hinrichs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nina Morgner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schrader
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Iris Finkemeier
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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19
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Wang Z, Shao Z, Wang C, Wen J. Base-Promoted Ring-Opening Hydroxylation of Cyclic Sulfonium Salts. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3084-3091. [PMID: 38335534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we reported a general strategy for the synthesis of sulfur-containing primary alcohol derivatives by base-promoted ring-opening hydroxylation of cyclic sulfonium salts. A variety of sulfonium salts were successfully transformed into the desired hydroxylated products in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance. Moreover, the one-pot synthesis, scale-up reaction, and late-stage functionalization of complex molecules demonstrated the practicability of this synthetic protocol in the field of synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Shao
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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20
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Slattery A, Wen Z, Tenblad P, Sanjosé-Orduna J, Pintossi D, den Hartog T, Noël T. Automated self-optimization, intensification, and scale-up of photocatalysis in flow. Science 2024; 383:eadj1817. [PMID: 38271529 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The optimization, intensification, and scale-up of photochemical processes constitute a particular challenge in a manufacturing environment geared primarily toward thermal chemistry. In this work, we present a versatile flow-based robotic platform to address these challenges through the integration of readily available hardware and custom software. Our open-source platform combines a liquid handler, syringe pumps, a tunable continuous-flow photoreactor, inexpensive Internet of Things devices, and an in-line benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer to enable automated, data-rich optimization with a closed-loop Bayesian optimization strategy. A user-friendly graphical interface allows chemists without programming or machine learning expertise to easily monitor, analyze, and improve photocatalytic reactions with respect to both continuous and discrete variables. The system's effectiveness was demonstrated by increasing overall reaction yields and improving space-time yields compared with those of previously reported processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Slattery
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhenghui Wen
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pauline Tenblad
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jesús Sanjosé-Orduna
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diego Pintossi
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim den Hartog
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6419 DJ Heerlen, Netherlands
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656 AE Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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21
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Latosińska M, Latosińska JN. Favipiravir Analogues as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase, Combined Quantum Chemical Modeling, Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship, and Molecular Docking Study. Molecules 2024; 29:441. [PMID: 38257352 PMCID: PMC10818557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study was motivated by the urgent need to develop or improve antivirals for effective therapy targeting RNA viruses. We hypothesized that analogues of favipiravir (FVP), an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), could provide more effective nucleic acid recognition and binding processes while reducing side effects such as cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and embryotoxicity. We proposed a set of FVP analogues together with their forms of triphosphate as new SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitors. The main aim of our study was to investigate changes in the mechanism and binding capacity resulting from these modifications. Using three different approaches, QTAIM, QSPR, and MD, the differences in the reactivity, toxicity, binding efficiency, and ability to be incorporated by RdRp were assessed. Two new quantum chemical reactivity descriptors, the relative electro-donating and electro-accepting power, were defined and successfully applied. Moreover, a new quantitative method for comparing binding modes was developed based on mathematical metrics and an atypical radar plot. These methods provide deep insight into the set of desirable properties responsible for inhibiting RdRp, allowing ligands to be conveniently screened. The proposed modification of the FVP structure seems to improve its binding ability and enhance the productive mode of binding. In particular, two of the FVP analogues (the trifluoro- and cyano-) bind very strongly to the RNA template, RNA primer, cofactors, and RdRp, and thus may constitute a very good alternative to FVP.
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22
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Liu MS, Du HW, Meng H, Xie Y, Shu W. Unified metal-free intermolecular Heck-type sulfonylation, cyanation, amination, amidation of alkenes by thianthrenation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:529. [PMID: 38225220 PMCID: PMC10789743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct and site-selective C-H functionalization of alkenes under environmentally benign conditions represents a useful and attractive yet challenging transformation to access value-added molecules. Herein, a unified protocol for a variety of intermolecular Heck-type functionalizations of Csp2-H bond of alkenes has been developed by thianthrenation. The reaction features metal-free and operationally simple conditions for exclusive cine-selective C-H functionalization of aliphatic and aryl alkenes to forge C-C, C-N, C-P, and C-S bonds at room temperature, providing a general protocol for intermolecular Heck-type reaction of alkenes with nucleophiles (Nu = sulfinates, cyanides, amines, amides). Alkenes undergo cine-sulfonylation, cyanation, amination to afford alkenyl sulfones, alkenyl nitriles and enamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shang Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Wu Du
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Huan Meng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xie
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 643000, Zigong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, 643000, Zigong, P. R. China.
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23
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Xiang F, Wang D, Xu K, Zeng CC. Paired Electrolysis Enabled Trifluoromethylheteroaromatization of Alkenes and Alkyne with Trifluoromethyl Thianthrenium Triflate (TT-CF 3+OTf -) as a Bifunctional Reagent. Org Lett 2024; 26:411-415. [PMID: 38147569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a strategic exploitation of trifluoromethyl thianthrenium triflate (TT-CF3+OTf-) as both electromediator and CF3 radical precursors for paired electrolysis. Enabled by this strategy, the three-component trifluoromethylheteroaromatization of alkenes and alkynes was realized. The superiority of TT-CF3+OTf- to other electrophilic CF3 reagents is attributed to the cathodic generation of thianthrene (TT) as a mediator, which shifts the heterogeneous oxidation of interest to a homogeneous one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xiang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dehui Wang
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Cheng-Chu Zeng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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24
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Gallego-Gamo A, Pleixats R, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Vallribera A, Granados A. Hydroxytrifluoroethylation and Trifluoroacetylation Reactions via SET Processes. Chemistry 2024:e202303854. [PMID: 38183331 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytrifluoroethyl and trifluoroacetyl groups are of utmost importance in biologically active compounds, but methods to tether these motifs to organic architectures have been limited. Typically, the preparation of these compounds relied on the use of strong bases or multistep routes. The renaissance of radical chemistry in photocatalytic, transition metal mediated, and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes have allowed the installation of these medicinally relevant fluorinated motifs. This review provides an overview of the methods available for the direct synthesis of hydroxytrifluoroethyl- and trifluoroacetyl-derived compounds governed by single-electron transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gallego-Gamo
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Pleixats
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adelina Vallribera
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Granados
- Department of Chemistry and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Fernández-García S, Chantzakou VO, Juliá-Hernández F. Direct Decarboxylation of Trifluoroacetates Enabled by Iron Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202311984. [PMID: 38088503 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoroacetates are the most abundant and accessible sources of trifluoromethyl groups, which are key components in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The generation of trifluoromethyl reactive radicals from trifluoroacetates requires their decarboxylation, which is hampered by their high oxidation potential. This constitutes a major challenge for redox-based methods, because of the need to pair the redox potentials with trifluoroacetate. Here we report a strategy based on iron photocatalysis to promote the direct photodecarboxylation of trifluoroacetates that displays reactivity features that escape from redox limitations. Our synthetic design has enabled the use of trifluoroacetates for the trifluoromethylation of more easily oxidizable organic substrates, offering new opportunities for late-stage derivatization campaigns using chemical feedstocks, Earth-abundant catalysts, and visible-light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Veronika O Chantzakou
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Juliá-Hernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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26
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Bian KJ, Lu YC, Nemoto D, Kao SC, Chen X, West JG. Photocatalytic hydrofluoroalkylation of alkenes with carboxylic acids. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1683-1692. [PMID: 37957278 PMCID: PMC10983801 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of fluoroalkyl motifs in pharmaceuticals can enhance the therapeutic profiles of the parent molecules. The hydrofluoroalkylation of alkenes has emerged as a promising route to diverse fluoroalkylated compounds; however, current methods require superstoichiometric oxidants, expensive/oxidative fluoroalkylating reagents and precious metals, and often exhibit limited scope, making a universal protocol that addresses these limitations highly desirable. Here we report the hydrofluoroalkylation of alkenes with cheap, abundant and available fluoroalkyl carboxylic acids as the sole reagents. Hydrotrifluoro-, difluoro-, monofluoro- and perfluoroalkylation are all demonstrated, with broad scope, mild conditions (redox neutral) and potential for late-stage modification of bioactive molecules. Critical to success is overcoming the exceedingly high redox potential of feedstock fluoroalkyl carboxylic acids such as trifluoroacetic acid by leveraging cooperative earth-abundant, inexpensive iron and redox-active thiol catalysis, enabling these reagents to be directly used as hydroperfluoroalkylation donors without pre-activation. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the radical nature of this cooperative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jie Bian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yen-Chu Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Nemoto
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shih-Chieh Kao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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27
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Shibata H, Nakayama M, Tagami K, Kanbara T, Yajima T. Hydroxy- and Hydro-Perfluoroalkylation of Styrenes by Controlling the Quenching Cycle of Eosin Y. Molecules 2023; 28:7577. [PMID: 38005299 PMCID: PMC10674426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoroalkyl compounds are widely used, underscoring a pressing need for the development of methods for their synthesis. However, reports on perfluoroalkylation to styrenes have been sparse. In this study, both hydroxy- and hydro-perfluoroalkylation of styrene were achieved using visible light reactions, catalyzed by eosin Y, by selecting appropriate additives and controlling the eosin Y quenching cycle. These reactions are heavy-metal free, use water as the hydroxyl or hydrogen source, and employ inexpensive and readily available reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomoko Yajima
- Department of Chemistry, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bukyo-ku, Tokyo 104-8610, Japan
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28
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Chen J, Liu S, Su S, Fan R, Zhang R, Meng W, Tan J. Sulfonium-based precise alkyl transposition reactions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1370. [PMID: 37713480 PMCID: PMC10881050 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), a sulfonium-based cofactor, plays an important role in numerous biological processes as methyl donor. Inspired by the function of sulfonium motif in this nature's synthetic toolkit, we here present an aryne-activation strategy that the sulfonium intermediates in situ generated from thioethers display unique reactivity toward alkyl group transposition. Experimental and theoretical studies indicate that the reaction occurs in an intermolecular fashion where the TfO--incorporated [K(18-crown-6)] complex acts as a key promoter for this thermodynamically favored process. Next, a series of robust, easy-to-prepare sulfonium salts are designed and developed as electrophilic alkylation reagents accordingly. Both systems feature for broad scope, excellent selectivity, and simple operation. Moreover, we highlight the synthetic value through molecular editing and late-stage modification of complex scaffolds or even active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shilu Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuaisong Su
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), Beijing 100029, China
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29
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Li B, Xing D, Li X, Chang S, Jiang H, Huang L. Chemo-divergent Cyano Group Migration: Involving Elimination and Substitution of the Key α-Thianthrenium Cyano Species. Org Lett 2023; 25:6633-6637. [PMID: 37672391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a light-driven, radical-type cyano migration in the absence of a photocatalyst, enabling a chemo-divergent synthesis of (Z)-alkenyl nitriles and ketones. Trifluoromethyl thianthrenium salt (TT-CF3+OTf-) plays multiple roles: (a) absorbing light to generate trifluoromethyl radicals to initiate the reaction and (b) forming α-thianthrenium cyano species by in situ capture of TT• +. (Z)-Alkenyl nitriles were formed through the elimination of thianthrenium salts, and aryl ketones were obtained via the nucleophilic substitution of thianthrenium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangbin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510641, People's Republic of China
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30
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Lin D, Coe M, Krishnamurti V, Ispizua-Rodriguez X, Surya Prakash GK. Recent Advances in Visible Light-Mediated Radical Fluoro-alkylation, -alkoxylation, -alkylthiolation, -alkylselenolation, and -alkylamination. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300104. [PMID: 37212421 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, many reagents and protocols have been developed to allow for the efficient fluorofunctionalization of a diverse set of scaffolds ranging from alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and (hetero)arenes. The concomitant rise of organofluorine chemistry and visible light-mediated synthesis have synergistically expanded the fields and have mutually benefitted from developments in both fields. In this context, visible light driven formations of radicals containing fluorine have been a major focus for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. This review details the recent advances and progress made in visible light-mediated fluoroalkylation and heteroatom centered radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lin
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Coe
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vinayak Krishnamurti
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xanath Ispizua-Rodriguez
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G K Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 837 Bloom Walk, 90089-1661, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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31
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Feng Z, Riemann L, Guo Z, Herrero D, Simon M, Golz C, Mata RA, Alcarazo M. Pentafluorocyclopropanation of (Hetero)arenes Using Sulfonium Salts: Applications in Late-Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306764. [PMID: 37402213 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the pentafluorocyclopropyl group as a chemotype in crop protection and medicinal chemistry has been hampered in the past by the lack of suitable methodologies that enable the practical incorporation of this moiety into advanced synthetic intermediates. Herein, we report the gram-scale synthesis of an unprecedented sulfonium salt, 5-(pentafluorocyclopropyl)dibenzothiophenium triflate, and its use as a versatile reagent for the photoinduced C-H pentafluorocyclopropylation of a broad series of non-previously functionalized (hetero)arenes through a radical mediated mechanism. The scope and potential benefits of the protocol developed are further demonstrated by the late-stage introduction of the pentafluorocyclopropyl unit into biologically relevant molecules and widely used pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Feng
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucas Riemann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zichen Guo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Herrero
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Simon
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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32
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Dang-Nguyen A, Legaspi KC, McCarty CT, Smith DK, Gustafson J. A Light-Promoted Innate Trifluoromethylation of Pyridones and Related N-Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37377204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a practical, light-mediated perfluoroalkylation using Langlois' reagent (sodium trifluoromethylsulfinate) that proceeds in the absence of any photocatalyst or additives. This method has allowed for the facile functionalization of pyridones and related N-heteroarenes such as azaindole. This protocol is operationally simple, uses readily available materials, and is tolerable for electron-neutral and -rich functional pyridones. Cyclic voltammetry was utilized as a mechanistic probe, and preliminary data suggest the reaction may involve an electrophilic radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Dang-Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Kristine C Legaspi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Connor T McCarty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Diane K Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Jeffrey Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
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33
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Han S, Samony KL, Nabi RN, Bache CA, Kim DK. Hydrotrifluoroacetylation of Alkenes via Designer Masked Acyl Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11530-11536. [PMID: 37192402 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Because of its impressive ability to promote pharmaceutical activity, the introduction of trifluoromethylacyl (CF3CO) functionality into organic compounds has become an important and growing research area. Although various protocols have been developed to access trifluoroketones, the use of trifluoroacetyl radicals remains virtually undeveloped. Herein, we disclose a novel method for trifluoroacetylation through an umpolung reagent, thereby transforming an electrophilic radical into a nucleophilic radical. The applicability of this transformation is highlighted by large-scale, late-stage reactions of complex bioactive molecules sclareolide and loratadine. Furthermore, the direct transformation of trifluoromethyl ketones into various fluorinated analogues illustrates the potential synthetic application of our developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangil Han
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Kyra L Samony
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Rifat N Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Campbell A Bache
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Daniel K Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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34
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Li X, Sun F, Shi H, Zhang B, He J, Wu J, Du Y. Intramolecular Heterocyclization/Fluoromethylthiolation of Alkynes Enabled by a Multicomponent Reagent System. Org Lett 2023; 25:3517-3521. [PMID: 37144925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The BnSRf (Rf = CF2H or CF3)/mCPBA/Tf2O system was found to be an effective multicomponent reagent system for the one-pot synthesis of di/trifluoromethylthiolated heterocycles from alkynes. The reaction was postulated to proceed via a cascade sequence involving the oxidation of BnSRf by mCPBA, activation of the in situ-generated sulfoxide by Tf2O, and intramolecular cyclization/fluoromethylthiolation of the alkyne substrates enabled by the formed electrophilic sulfonium salt to give di/trifluoromethylthiolated heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fengxia Sun
- Research Center for Chemical Safety & Security and Verification Technology and College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Haofeng Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiaxin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jialiang Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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35
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Holst DE, Dorval C, Winter CK, Guzei IA, Wickens ZK. Regiospecific Alkene Aminofunctionalization via an Electrogenerated Dielectrophile. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37023348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Modular strategies to rapidly increase molecular complexity have proven immensely synthetically valuable. In principle, transformation of an alkene into a dielectrophile presents an opportunity to deliver two unique nucleophiles across an alkene. Unfortunately, the selectivity profiles of known dielectrophiles have largely precluded this deceptively simple synthetic approach. Herein, we demonstrate that dicationic adducts generated through electrolysis of alkenes and thianthrene possess a unique selectivity profile relative to more conventional dielectrophiles. Specifically, these species undergo a single and perfectly regioselective substitution reaction with phthalimide salts. This observation unlocks an appealing new platform for aminofunctionalization reactions. As an illustrative example, we implement this new reactivity paradigm to address a longstanding synthetic challenge: alkene diamination with two distinct nitrogen nucleophiles. Studies into the mechanism of this process reveal a key alkenyl thianthrenium salt intermediate that controls the exquisite regioselectivity of the process and highlight the importance of proton sources in controlling the reactivity of alkenyl sulfonium salt electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Céline Dorval
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Casey K Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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36
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Wang M, Wang C, Xie X, Pan D, Liu L, Chen Q, Li Z, Zhang Q, Xu Z. Non-classical C-saccharide linkage of dehydroalanine: synthesis of C-glycoamino acids and C-glycopeptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3305-3308. [PMID: 36847114 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06653j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a non-classical C-saccharide linkage is reported via a C5 radical of pentose or C6 radical of hexose addition to Michael acceptors. C(sp3)-S cleaved glycosyl thianthrenium salts are developed as the glycosyl radical agents. The reaction provides an efficient toolkit to synthesize β-glycosyl substituted unnatural amino acids as well as for the late-stage C-saccharide modification of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Wang
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiuling Xie
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Da Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liangyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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37
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Chen LY, Pan PF, Lin JH, Jin CM, Xiao JC. Tf 2O as a CF 3 Source for the Synthesis of Trifluoromethoxylation Reagent nC 4F 9SO 3CF 3. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36763542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Described herein is the convenient synthesis of an efficient trifluoromethoxylation reagent, nC4F9SO3CF3, by using cheap and widely available reagents and without the need of any tedious column chromatography purification procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng-Fei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jin-Hong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Chemistry, Innovative Drug Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Jin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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38
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Visible-light-induced selective alkylsulfonylation of unactivated alkenes via remote heteroaryl migrations. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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39
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Qin Q, Cheng Z, Jiao N. Recent Applications of Trifluoromethanesulfonic Anhydride in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215008. [PMID: 36541579 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride has been widely used in synthetic organic chemistry, not only for the conversion of various oxygen-containing compounds to the triflates, but also for the electrophilic activation and further conversion of amides, sulfoxides, and phosphorus oxides. In recent years, the utilization of Tf2 O as an activator for nitrogen-containing heterocycles, nitriles and nitro groups has become a promising tool for the development of new valuable methods with considerable success. In addition, Tf2 O has been used as an efficient radical trifluoromethylation and trifluoromethylthiolation reagent due to the contained SO2 CF3 fragment, and significant progress has been made in this area. This review summarizes the recent progress in the applications of Tf2 O in the above two aspects, and aims to illustrate the role and potential application of this reagent in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixue Qin
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38, Beijing, 100191, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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40
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Liu J, Xiao Y, Hao J, Shen Q. Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of (Hetero)aryl Boronic Acid Pinacol Esters with YlideFluor. Org Lett 2023; 25:1204-1208. [PMID: 36779647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of (hetero)arylboronic acid pinacol esters with YlideFluor for the preparation of trifluoromethylated (hetero)arenes was described. The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with a broad range of functional groups. Heteroaryl boronic acid pinacol esters could also be trifluoromethylated in high yields. Application of this protocol for trifluoromethylation of drug and OLED molecules was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yisa Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian Hao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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41
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Liu H, He X, Chen Z, Zhang J, Fang X, Sun Z, Chu W. N-Trifluoromethyl Succinimide as a New Reagent for Direct C-H Trifluoromethylation of Free Anilines. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300039. [PMID: 36815283 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
N-trifluoromethylsuccinimide (NTFS) as a new trifluoromethylation reagent was designed and prepared via Ag-CF3 , and applied to the direct trifluoromethylation of free aniline, and a series of trifluoromethyl products were obtained with good yields. The practicability of the protocol was verified by a gram-level experiment and the synthesis of the antiasthmatic drug Mabuterol. In addition, a possible radical mechanism was proposed and verified by related experiments. The protocol provided a new solution for C-H trifluoromethylation of free anilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xin He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xinjie Fang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Chu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, P. R. China
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42
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He X, Chen Z, Zhu X, Liu H, Chen Y, Sun Z, Chu W. Photoredox-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of 2 H-indazoles using TT-CF 3+OTf - in ionic liquids. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1814-1820. [PMID: 36748884 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for metal and oxidant free photoredox catalyzed trifluoromethylation of 2H-indazoles was developed by using Eosin Y as the photocatalyst and recoverable ionic liquids as the solvents. A series of trifluoromethylated products were obtained in moderate to good yields in this protocol under mild conditions. The reaction proceeded via a free-radical mechanism with a broad substrate range, excellent regioselectivity, and good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, the utility of this protocol was demonstrated by the synthesis of a highly selective ligand for estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and the drug granisetron. The protocol provides a mild and environmentally friendly solution for trifluoromethylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Zhicheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Xianghui Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Yanjie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
| | - Wenyi Chu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, P. R. China.
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43
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St Onge P, Khan SI, Cook A, Newman SG. Reductive Cleavage of C(sp 2)-CF 3 Bonds in Trifluoromethylpyridines. Org Lett 2023; 25:1030-1034. [PMID: 36749351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A reductive detrifluoromethylation protocol has been developed making use of an earth-abundant alkoxide base and silicon hydride species. A variety of pyridine and quinoline substrates bearing alkyl, aryl, and amino functional groups are reduced in moderate to high yields. The reaction is chemoselective for C(sp2)-CF3 groups located at the 2-position on the pyridine ring, leaving trifluoromethyl groups located elsewhere on the molecule intact. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate that the combination of silane and base generates a strongly reducing system that may transfer an electron to electron-deficient π systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piers St Onge
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Shajia I Khan
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adam Cook
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stephen G Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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44
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Zhou M, Feng Z, Zhang X. Recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated amino acids and peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1434-1448. [PMID: 36651307 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06787k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The site-selective modification of amino acids, peptides, and proteins has always been an intensive topic in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology due to the vital role of amino acids in life. Among the developed methods, the site-selective introduction of fluorine functionalities into amino acids and peptides has emerged as a useful approach to change their physicochemical and biological properties. With the increasing demand for life science, the direct fluorination/fluoroalkylation of proteins has also received increasing attention because of the unique properties of fluorine atom(s) that can change the protein structure, increase their lipophilicity, and enable fluorine functionality as a biological tracer or probe for chemical biology studies. In this feature article, we summarized the recent advances in the synthesis of fluorinated amino acids and peptides, wherein two strategies have been discussed. One is based on the fluorinated building blocks to prepare fluorinated amino acids and peptides with diversified structures, including the transformations of fluorinated imines and nickel-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of alkenes with bromodifluoroacetate and its derivatives; the other is direct fluorination/fluoroakylation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins, in which the selective transformations of the functional groups on serine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and cysteine lead to a wide range of fluorinated α-amino acids, peptides, and proteins, featuring synthetic convenience and late-stage modification of biomacromolecules. These two strategies complement each other, wherein transition-metal catalysis and new fluoroalkylating reagents provide powerful tools to selectively access fluorinated amino acids, peptides, and proteins, showing the prospect of medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xingang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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45
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Chen F, Xu XH, Chu L, Qing FL. Visible-Light-Induced Nickel-Catalyzed Radical Cross-Couplings to Access α-Aryl-α-trifluoromethyl Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:9332-9336. [PMID: 36484514 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A photochemically induced nickel-catalyzed radical cross-coupling of phthalimido trifluoroethanol with aryl bromides to furnish α-aryl-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols is reported. This reaction proceeds via a photoinduced charge transfer of an electron donor-acceptor complex between Hantzsch ester and phthalimido trifluoroethanol, followed by 1,2-hydrogen atom transfer, to generate the α-hydroxytrifluoroethyl radical for the cross-coupling of aryl bromides. No exogenous photocatalysts or stoichiometric metal reductants are required in this mild and operationally simple protocol. Broad substrate compatibility and excellent functional group tolerance are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingling Chu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Lu, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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46
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Ma R, Ren Y, Deng Z, Wang KH, Wang J, Huang D, Hu Y, Lv X. Visible Light Promotes Cascade Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization, Leading to Trifluoromethylated Polycyclic Quinazolinones, Benzimidazoles and Indoles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238389. [PMID: 36500485 PMCID: PMC9737949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient visible-light-induced radical cascade trifluoromethylation/cyclization of inactivated alkenes with CF3Br, which is a nonhygroscopic, noncorrosive, cheap and industrially abundant chemical, was developed in this work, producing trifluoromethyl polycyclic quinazolinones, benzimidazoles and indoles under mild reaction conditions. The method features wide functional group compatibility and a broad substrate scope, offering a facile strategy to pharmaceutically produce valuable CF3-containing polycyclic aza-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ransong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhoubin Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ke-Hu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junjiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Danfeng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yulai Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaobo Lv
- Shanghai Sinofluoro Chemicals Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201321, China
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47
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Meng H, Liu MS, Shu W. Organothianthrenium salts: synthesis and utilization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13690-13707. [PMID: 36544727 PMCID: PMC9710214 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organothianthrenium salts are a class of compounds containing a positively charged sulfur atom and a neutral sulfur atom. Over the past years, organothianthrenium salts have been emerging as attractive precursors for a myriad of transformations to forge new C-C and C-X bonds due to their unique structural characteristics and chemical behaviors. The use of the thianthrenation strategy selectively transforms C-H, C-O, and other chemical bonds into organothianthrenium salts in a predictable manner, providing a straightforward alternative for regioselective functionalizations for arenes, alkenes, alkanes, alcohols, amines and so on through diverse reaction mechanisms under mild conditions. In this review, the preparation of different organothianthrenium salts is summarized, including aryl, alkenyl and alkyl thianthrenium salts. Moreover, the utilization of organothianthrenium salts in different catalytic processes and their synthetic potentials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongP. R. China
| | - Ming-Shang Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongP. R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongP. R. China
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48
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Lombardi L, Cerveri A, Giovanelli R, Castiñeira Reis M, Silva López C, Bertuzzi G, Bandini M. Direct Synthesis of α-Aryl-α-Trifluoromethyl Alcohols via Nickel Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211732. [PMID: 36161744 PMCID: PMC9828748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-electrophile coupling between the redox-active N-trifluoroethoxyphthalimide and iodoarenes is documented. The protocol reproduces a formal arylation of trifluoroacetaldehyde under mild conditions in high yields (up to 88 %) and with large functional group tolerance (30 examples). A combined computational and experimental investigation revealed a pivotal solvent assisted 1,2-Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) process to generate a nucleophilic α-hydroxy-α-trifluoromethyl C-centered radical for the Csp2 -Csp3 bond forming process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Lombardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Alessandro Cerveri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Riccardo Giovanelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | | | | | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly,Center for Chemical Catalysis—CAlma Mater Studiorum—Università di BolognaVia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
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49
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Deolka S, Govindarajan R, Vasylevskyi S, Roy MC, Khusnutdinova JR, Khaskin E. Ligand-free nickel catalyzed perfluoroalkylation of arenes and heteroarenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12971-12979. [PMID: 36425484 PMCID: PMC9667918 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03879j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a "ligand-free" Ni-catalyzed perfluoroalkylation of heteroarenes to produce a diverse array of trfiluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl and heptafluoropropyl adducts. Catalysis proceeds at room temperature via a radical pathway. The catalytic protocol is distinguished by its simplicity, and its wide scope demonstrates the potential in the late-stage functionalization of drug analogues and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Deolka
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Ramadoss Govindarajan
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Michael C Roy
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Julia R Khusnutdinova
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Eugene Khaskin
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
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50
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Wang X, Zhou W, Xie W, Chen Q, Wu J. Generation of (E)-β-trifluoromethyl vinylsulfonohydrazides under photocatalysis and their anti-bacteria activity. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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