1
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Huang S, Zhou JS. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Arylation of Common Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12895-12900. [PMID: 38696162 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A nickel complex of chiral bisoxazolines catalyzed the stereoselective reductive arylation of ketones in high enantioselectivity. A range of common acyclic and cyclic ketones reacted without the aid of directing groups. Mechanistic studies using isolated complex of a chiral bis(oxazoline) (L)Ni(Ar)Br revealed that Mn reduction was not needed, while Lewis acidic titanium alkoxides were critical to ketone insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianrong Steve Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Li X, Deng W, Wen Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Li Z, Li Y, Hu J, Huang Y. Electrochemically Driven para-Selective C(sp 2)-H Alkylation Enabled by Activation of Alkyl Halides without Sacrificial Anodes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400010. [PMID: 38389032 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
With alkyl halides (I, Br, Cl) as a coupling partner, an electrochemically driven strategy for para-selective C(sp2)-H alkylation of electron-deficient arenes (aryl esters, aldehydes, nitriles, and ketones) has been achieved to access diverse alkylated arenes in one step. The reaction enables the activation of alkyl halides in the absence of sacrificial anodes, achieving the formation of C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds under mild electrolytic conditions. The utility of this protocol is reflected in high site selectivity, broad substrate scope, and scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Deng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yating Wen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529090, P. R. China
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3
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Gan XC, Zhang B, Dao N, Bi C, Pokle M, Kan L, Collins MR, Tyrol CC, Bolduc PN, Nicastri M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS, Shenvi R. Carbon quaternization of redox active esters and olefins by decarboxylative coupling. Science 2024; 384:113-118. [PMID: 38574151 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of quaternary carbons often requires numerous steps and complex conditions or harsh reagents that act on heavily engineered substrates. This is largely a consequence of conventional polar-bond retrosynthetic disconnections that in turn require multiple functional group interconversions, redox manipulations, and protecting group chemistry. Here, we report a simple catalyst and reductant combination that converts two types of feedstock chemicals, carboxylic acids and olefins, into tetrasubstituted carbons through quaternization of radical intermediates. An iron porphyrin catalyst activates each substrate by electron transfer or hydrogen atom transfer, and then combines the fragments using a bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) reaction. This cross-coupling reduces the synthetic burden to procure numerous quaternary carbon---containing products from simple chemical feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Cheng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benxiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan Dao
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maithili Pokle
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Liyan Kan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Michael R Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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4
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Gao Y, Jiang B, Friede NC, Hunter AC, Boucher DG, Minteer SD, Sigman MS, Reisman SE, Baran PS. Electrocatalytic Asymmetric Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi Decarboxylative Coupling: Scope, Applications, and Mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4872-4882. [PMID: 38324710 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The first general enantioselective alkyl-Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) coupling reactions are disclosed herein by employing a Cr-electrocatalytic decarboxylative approach. Using easily accessible aliphatic carboxylic acids (via redox-active esters) as alkyl nucleophile synthons, in combination with aldehydes and enabling additives, chiral secondary alcohols are produced in a good yield with high enantioselectivity under mild reductive electrolysis. This reaction, which cannot be mimicked using stoichiometric metal or organic reductants, tolerates a broad range of functional groups and is successfully applied to dramatically simplify the synthesis of multiple medicinally relevant structures and natural products. Mechanistic studies revealed that this asymmetric alkyl e-NHK reaction was enabled by using catalytic tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene, which acts as a key reductive mediator to mediate the electroreduction of the CrIII/chiral ligand complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Baiyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nathan C Friede
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Arianne C Hunter
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dylan G Boucher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Kummer Institute Center for Resource Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 W 11th Street, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Sarah E Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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5
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Bonciolini S, Pulcinella A, Leone M, Schiroli D, Ruiz AL, Sorato A, Dubois MAJ, Gopalakrishnan R, Masson G, Della Ca' N, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Zysman-Colman E, Johansson M, Noël T. Metal-free photocatalytic cross-electrophile coupling enables C1 homologation and alkylation of carboxylic acids with aldehydes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1509. [PMID: 38374079 PMCID: PMC10876646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In contemporary drug discovery, enhancing the sp3-hybridized character of molecular structures is paramount, necessitating innovative synthetic methods. Herein, we introduce a deoxygenative cross-electrophile coupling technique that pairs easily accessible carboxylic acid-derived redox-active esters with aldehyde sulfonyl hydrazones, employing Eosin Y as an organophotocatalyst under visible light irradiation. This approach serves as a versatile, metal-free C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling platform. We demonstrate its synthetic value as a safer, broadly applicable C1 homologation of carboxylic acids, offering an alternative to the traditional Arndt-Eistert reaction. Additionally, our method provides direct access to cyclic and acyclic β-arylethylamines using diverse aldehyde-derived sulfonyl hydrazones. Notably, the methodology proves to be compatible with the late-stage functionalization of peptides on solid-phase, streamlining the modification of intricate peptides without the need for exhaustive de-novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bonciolini
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Pulcinella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Leone
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Debora Schiroli
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- SynCat Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Adrián Luguera Ruiz
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Sorato
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryne A J Dubois
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ranganath Gopalakrishnan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Geraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Nicola Della Ca'
- SynCat Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Purdie Building, North Haugh University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Magnus Johansson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Xia T, Wu Y, Hu J, Wu X, Qu J, Chen Y. Cobalt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aza-Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) Reaction of α-Imino Esters with Alkenyl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316012. [PMID: 38164694 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Chromium-catalyzed enantioselective Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction represents one of the most powerful approaches for the formation of chiral carbon-heteroatom bond. However, the construction of sterically encumbered tetrasubstituted stereocenter through NHK reaction still posts a significant challenge. Herein, we disclose a cobalt-catalyzed aza-NHK reaction of ketimine with alkenyl halide to provide a convenient synthetic approach for the manufacture of enantioenriched tetrasubstituted α-vinylic amino acid. This protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance with excellent 99 % ee in most cases. Additionally, this asymmetric reductive method is also applicable to the aldimine to access the trisubstituted stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xia
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yinhui Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiangtao Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xianqing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jingping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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7
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Hwang S, Choi M, Jeong M, Lee C. Synthesis of the C13-C27 Fragment of Madeirolide A Using Visible-Light-Promoted Radical Cyclization. Org Lett 2024; 26:1067-1072. [PMID: 38293710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The convergent synthesis of a fully elaborated C13-C27 fragment of madeirolide A has been achieved. The key features of the synthesis include the stereocontrolled construction of both the THF and THP rings via visible-light-induced iridium-catalyzed radical cyclization and the late-stage union of the two oxacyclic subunits through nickel-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchul Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungeun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulbom Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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8
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Wen S, Bu J, Shen K. Dual Nickel- and Photoredox-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Cross-Coupling To Access Chiral Secondary Benzylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38327084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric cross-coupling represents a powerful strategy for C-C bond formation and the synthesis of enantiomerically pure molecules. Here, we report a dual nickel/photoredox-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of aryl halides with α-bromobenzoates, readily generated from aliphatic aldehydes, to provide diverse chiral secondary benzylic alcohols that are important motifs in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. This dual catalytic system features mild conditions, good functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, excellent enantiocontrol, and avoidance of stoichiometric metal reductants, presenting great potential for late-stage functionalization of complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Bu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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9
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Chen QC, Kress S, Molinelli R, Wuttig A. Interfacial Tuning of Electrocatalytic Ag Surfaces for Fragment-Based Electrophile Coupling. Nat Catal 2024; 7:120-131. [PMID: 38434422 PMCID: PMC10906991 DOI: 10.1038/s41929-023-01073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Construction of C‒C bonds in medicinal chemistry frequently draws on the reductive coupling of organic halides with ketones or aldehydes. Catalytic C(sp3)‒C(sp3) bond formation, however, is constrained by the competitive side reactivity of radical intermediates following sp3 organic halide activation. Here, an alternative paradigm deploys catalytic Ag surfaces for reductive fragment-based electrophile coupling compatible with sp3 organic halides. We use in-situ spectroscopy, electrochemical analyses, and simulation to uncover the catalytic interfacial structure and guide reaction development. Specifically, Mg(OAc)2 outcompetes the interaction between Ag and the aldehyde, thereby tuning the Ag surface for selective product formation. Data are consistent with an increased population of Mg-bound aldehyde facilitating the addition of a carbon-centered radical (product of Ag-electrocatalyzed organic halide reduction) to the carbonyl. Electron transfer from Ag to the resultant alkoxy radical yields the desired alcohol. Molecular interfacial tuning at reusable catalytic electrodes will accelerate development of sustainable organic synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Sarah Kress
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Rocco Molinelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
| | - Anna Wuttig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, United States
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10
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Behrouzi L, Mohammadi MR, Dau H, Kaboudin B, Najafpour MM. Exploring an Electrochemical Route for Water-Enhanced Oxygenation Reactions Utilizing Nickel Molecular Structures: A Case Study. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2268-2274. [PMID: 38231697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Recently, Ni molecular catalysis has been extensively applied in oxygenation reactions. This work is underpinned by the characterization techniques and the discovered instability of the Ni-bipyridine/phenanthroline system, which results in Ni (hydr)oxide production under oxidative conditions. The practical applications of this mechanism by employing a prepared Ni (hydr)oxide-based electrode specifically in the oxygenation of sulfides, achieving noteworthy yields in contrast to noncatalyst control experiments, are explored. Thus, a Ni (hydr)oxide-based material is proposed as a candidate for the true catalyst for sulfide oxidation in the presence of the Ni-bipyridine/phenanthroline system. The findings of this study are expected to stimulate discussion and encourage new viewpoints within the chemical community regarding the potential applications and mechanisms of molecular catalysts in oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Behrouzi
- Department of Physics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, 98167-45845 Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Holger Dau
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Babak Kaboudin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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11
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Rubanov ZM, Levin VV, Dilman AD. One-Pot Transformation of Aldehydes to Ketones via Minisci-Type Reaction of Imines. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38016095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A method for the conversion of aldehydes to ketones via the preliminary formation of aldiminines is described. The imines are involved in acid promoted Minisci-type reaction with alkyl radicals generated from esters of N-hydroxylphthalimide under photoredox conditions. Aminyl radical cations formed after the addition of the iminium ions are believed to be key intermediates, which determine the reaction outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakhar M Rubanov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, Miusskaya Sq., 9, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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12
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Zhang W, Guan W, Wang Y, Lin S, See KA. Enabling Al sacrificial anodes in tetrahydrofuran electrolytes for reductive electrosynthesis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13108-13118. [PMID: 38023497 PMCID: PMC10664456 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04725c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Al0 is widely used as a sacrificial anode in organic electrosynthesis. However, there remains a notable knowledge gap in the understanding of Al anode interface chemistry under electrolysis conditions. We hypothesize that Al interfacial chemistry plays a pivotal role in the discernible bias observed in solvent selections for reductive electrosynthesis. The majority of existing methodologies that employ an Al sacrificial anode use N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the preferred solvent, with only isolated examples of ethereal solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF). Given the crucial role of the solvent in determining the efficiency and selectivity of an organic reaction, limitations on solvent choice could significantly hinder substrate reactivity and impede the desired transformations. In this study, we aim to understand the Al metal interfaces and manipulate them to improve the performance of an Al sacrificial anode in THF-based electrolytes. We have discovered that the presence of halide ions (Cl-, Br-, I-) in the electrolyte is crucial for efficient Al stripping. By incorporating halide additive, we achieve bulk Al stripping in THF-based electrolytes and successfully improve the cell potentials of electrochemically driven reductive methodologies. This study will encourage the use of ethereal solvents in systems using Al sacrificial anodes and guide future endeavors in optimizing electrolytes for reductive electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Weiyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Kimberly A See
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
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13
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Shibuya A, Ishisaka Y, Saito A, Kato M, Manmode S, Komatsu H, Rahman MA, Sasaki N, Itoh T, Nokami T. Electrochemical synthesis of the protected cyclic (1,3;1,6)-β-glucan dodecasaccharide. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:59-69. [PMID: 37466008 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Automated electrochemical assembly is an electrochemical method to synthesise middle-sized molecules, including linear oligosaccharides, and some linear oligosaccharides can be electrochemically converted into the corresponding cyclic oligosaccharides effectively. In this study, the target cyclic oligosaccharide is a protected cyclic (1,3;1,6)-β-glucan dodecasaccharide, which consists of two types of glucose trisaccharides with β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-glycosidic linkages. The formation of the protected cyclic dodecasaccharide was confirmed by the electrochemical one-pot dimerisation-cyclisation of the semi-circular hexasaccharide. The yield of the protected cyclic dodecasaccharide was improved by using a stepwise synthesis via the linear dodecasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Shibuya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan.
| | - Yui Ishisaka
- Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Asuka Saito
- Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Moeko Kato
- Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Sujit Manmode
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Komatsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan
| | | | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan.
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan.
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan.
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan
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14
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Wang Y, Dana S, Long H, Xu Y, Li Y, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Late-Stage Functionalization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11269-11335. [PMID: 37751573 PMCID: PMC10571048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) constitutes a powerful strategy for the assembly or diversification of novel molecular entities with improved physicochemical or biological activities. LSF can thus greatly accelerate the development of medicinally relevant compounds, crop protecting agents, and functional materials. Electrochemical molecular synthesis has emerged as an environmentally friendly platform for the transformation of organic compounds. Over the past decade, electrochemical late-stage functionalization (eLSF) has gained major momentum, which is summarized herein up to February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Xu
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yanjun Li
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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15
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Zarei H, Sobhani S, Sansano JM. First Reusable Catalyst for the Reductive Coupling Reaction of Organohalides with Aldehydes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:36801-36814. [PMID: 37841197 PMCID: PMC10568700 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we simulate the reductive coupling (Barbier-Grignard-type) reaction of organohalides with aldehydes using a new reusable catalyst. In this regard, bimetallic alloys of NiCo encapsulated in melamine-based dendrimers (MBD) immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles symbolized as γ-Fe2O3-MBD/NiCo were designed and synthesized. The structure and properties of the catalyst were studied by a variety of techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) mapping, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The presence of NiCo nanoalloys was confirmed by XRD and XPS analysis, TEM images, and EDS mapping. Various secondary alcohols were produced in good to high yields by reductive coupling of different types of aldehydes and organohalides in the presence of HCO2K as a nonmetallic reducing agent in aqueous media catalyzed by γ-Fe2O3-MBD/NiCo. In these reactions, the high catalytic performance of γ-Fe2O3-MBD/NiCo was achieved in comparison to monometallic counterparts due to the synergistic cooperative effect of Co and Ni in the NiCo nanoalloys. Magnetic and hydrophilic properties of the catalyst facilitate the catalyst recyclability for seven runs. The reusability of γ-Fe2O3-MBD/NiCo, use of water as an environmentally friendly solvent, ease of processing, and absence of metal additives make this process an excellent choice for the reductive coupling reaction to produce secondary alcohols from aldehydes. This is the first report on these kinds of reactions using a reusable catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Zarei
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University
of Birjand, Birjand 414, Iran
| | - Sara Sobhani
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University
of Birjand, Birjand 414, Iran
| | - José Miguel Sansano
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de
Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEOCINQA) and Instituto
de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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16
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Sun B, Wang ZH, Wang YZ, Gu YC, Ma C, Mei TS. Parallel paired electrolysis-enabled asymmetric catalysis: simultaneous synthesis of aldehydes/aryl bromides and chiral alcohols. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2033-2041. [PMID: 37507259 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed asymmetric electro-reductive couplings have emerged as a powerful tool for organic synthesis, wherein a sacrificial anode is typically required. Herein, a parallel paired electrolysis (PPE)-enabled asymmetric catalysis has been developed, and the alcohols and ketones could be simultaneously converted to the corresponding aldehydes and chiral tertiary alcohols with high yields and enantioselectivity in an undivided cell. Additionally, this Ni-catalyzed asymmetric reductive coupling can well match the anodic oxidative C-H bond bromination of (hetero)arenes. This protocol opens an alternative avenue for organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire RE42 6EY, UK
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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McNicholas BJ, Tong ZJ, Bím D, Turro RF, Kazmierczak NP, Chalupský J, Reisman SE, Hadt RG. Electronic Structures of Nickel(II)-Bis(indanyloxazoline)-dihalide Catalysts: Understanding Ligand Field Contributions That Promote C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Cross-Coupling. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14010-14027. [PMID: 37584501 PMCID: PMC10530056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
NiII(IB) dihalide [IB = (3aR,3a'R,8aS,8a'S)-2,2'-(cyclopropane-1,1-diyl)bis(3a,8a-dihydro-8H-indeno[1,2-d]-oxazole)] complexes are representative of a growing class of first-row transition-metal catalysts for the enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of C(sp2) and C(sp3) electrophiles. Recent mechanistic studies highlight the complexity of these ground-state cross-couplings but also illuminate new reactivity pathways stemming from one-electron redox and their significant sensitivities to reaction conditions. For the first time, a diverse array of spectroscopic methods coupled to electrochemistry have been applied to NiII-based precatalysts to evaluate specific ligand field effects governing key Ni-based redox potentials. We also experimentally demonstrate DMA solvent coordination to catalytically relevant Ni complexes. Coordination is shown to favorably influence key redox-based reaction steps and prevent other deleterious Ni-based equilibria. Combined with electronic structure calculations, we further provide a direct correlation between reaction intermediate frontier molecular orbital energies and cross-coupling yields. Considerations developed herein demonstrate the use of synergic spectroscopic and electrochemical methods to provide concepts for catalyst ligand design and rationalization of reaction condition optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon J. McNicholas
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Z. Jaron Tong
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Daniel Bím
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Raymond F. Turro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Nathanael P. Kazmierczak
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jakub Chalupský
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah E. Reisman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Warren and Katherine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan G. Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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18
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Abstract
Here we show that a primary amine can engage in the nucleophilic addition to an aldehyde to synthesize an alcohol following preactivation of the amine. The enabling reagent for this radical-polar crossover process is CrCl2. This reaction is selective for aldehydes and compatible with numerous functional groups, which are not tolerated under classical Grignard-type conditions. Complementary to the well-established imine synthesis, this deaminative alcohol synthesis can broadly expand the chemical space constructed by aldehydes and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengqiang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenbo H Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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19
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Zhang W, Guan W, Martinez Alvarado JI, Novaes LFT, Lin S. Deep Electroreductive Chemistry: Harnessing Carbon- and Silicon-based Reactive Intermediates in Organic Synthesis. ACS Catal 2023; 13:8038-8048. [PMID: 38707967 PMCID: PMC11067979 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This Viewpoint outlines our recent contribution in electroreductive synthesis. Specifically, we leveraged deeply reducing potentials provided by electrochemistry to generate radical and anionic intermediates from readily available alkyl halides and chlorosilanes. Harnessing the distinct reactivities of radicals and anions, we have achieved several challenging transformations to construct C-C, C-Si, and Si-Si bonds. We highlight the mechanistic design principle that underpinned the development of each transformation and provide a view forward on future opportunities in growing area of reductive electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luiz F. T. Novaes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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20
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Gao Y, Zhang B, He J, Baran PS. Ni-Electrocatalytic Enantioselective Doubly Decarboxylative C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Cross Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11518-11523. [PMID: 37192404 PMCID: PMC10685996 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The first examples of enantioselective doubly decarboxylative cross coupling are disclosed. Malonate half amides are smoothly coupled to a variety of primary carboxylic acids after formation of the corresponding redox-active esters under Ni-electrocatalytic conditions using a new chiral ligand based on PyBox, resulting in amides with α-alkylated stereocenters. The scope of the reaction is broad, tolerating numerous functional groups, and uniformly proceeds with high ee. Finally, the potential utility of this enantioselective radical-radical reductive cross coupling to simplify synthesis is demonstrated with numerous case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Benxiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Jiayan He
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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21
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Wang YZ, Wang ZH, Eshel IL, Sun B, Liu D, Gu YC, Milo A, Mei TS. Nickel/biimidazole-catalyzed electrochemical enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of aryl aziridines with aryl iodides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2322. [PMID: 37087477 PMCID: PMC10122672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report an asymmetric electrochemical organonickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aryl aziridines with aryl iodides in an undivided cell, affording β-phenethylamines in good to excellent enantioselectivity with broad functional group tolerance. The combination of cyclic voltammetry analysis of the catalyst reduction potential as well as an electrode potential study provides a convenient route for reaction optimization. Overall, the high efficiency of this method is credited to the electroreduction-mediated turnover of the nickel catalyst instead of a metal reductant-mediated turnover. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical pathway is involved in the ring opening of aziridines. The statistical analysis serves to compare the different design requirements for photochemically and electrochemically mediated reactions under this type of mechanistic manifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Inbal L Eshel
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 841051, Israel
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Berkshire, RE42 6EY, UK
| | - Anat Milo
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 841051, Israel.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Cohen B, Lehnherr D, Sezen-Edmonds M, Forstater JH, Frederick MO, Deng L, Ferretti AC, Harper K, Diwan M. Emerging Reaction Technologies in Pharmaceutical Development: Challenges and Opportunities in Electrochemistry, Photochemistry, and Biocatalysis. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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23
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Li Y, Wen L, Guo W. A guide to organic electroreduction using sacrificial anodes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1168-1188. [PMID: 36727623 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00009e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis is a green strategy for the synthesis of valuable molecules. Electrochemical reactions using sacrificial metal anodes enable new reactivity to be uncovered that could not be achieved with traditional non-electrochemical methods. Compared with reactions using metal powder as the reducing reagent, the mild electroreduction protocols usually exhibit diverse reactivity and excellent selectivity. The inexpensive metal anodes possess low oxidation potential, which could prevent undesired overoxidation of substrates, active intermediates and products. The in situ generated metal ions from sacrificial anodes could not only serve as Lewis acids to activate the reactants but also as a promoter or mediator. This tutorial review highlights the recent achievements in this rapidly growing area within the past five years. The sacrificial anode-enabled electroreductions are discussed according to the reaction type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Lirong Wen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
| | - Weisi Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China.
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24
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Guo X, Shi Z, Zhang FH, Wang Z. Cr-Catalyzed Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Reductive Couplings of Ketones and Propargyl Halides. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Zhaoxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Feng-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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25
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Wang Y, Xu J, Pan Y, Wang Y. Recent advances in electrochemical deoxygenation reactions of organic compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1121-1133. [PMID: 36655598 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
As naturally abundant and recyclable industrial feedstock, alcohols and carboxylic acids have drawn tremendous attention in medicinal chemistry and polymer chemistry. The selective C-O cleavage of the hydroxyl group represents an appealing strategy to deliver alkyl and carbonyl moieties into organic molecules. Classical examples of hydroxyl activation include the Appel reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, and Barton-McCombie deoxygenation. However, these early approaches still require large amounts of oxidants or reductants, and suffer from harsh conditions and low atom economy. Electrosynthesis has proven to be an effective and mild way of the modern chemical industry, avoiding the use of chemical oxidants/reductants through the action of an electric current. In this review, we have summarized the recent advances in electrochemical deoxygenation reactions and categorized the deoxygenation methods by different functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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26
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Li K, Long X, Zhu S. Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis-Enabled Modular Synthesis of Arylallyl Alcohols with Acetylene as the Two-Carbon Synthon. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangkui Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xianyang Long
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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27
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Wu H, Li X, Yang L, Chen W, Zou C, Deng W, Wang Z, Hu J, Li Y, Huang Y. Cathodic Carbonyl Alkylation of Aryl Ketones or Aldehydes with Unactivated Alkyl Halides. Org Lett 2022; 24:9342-9347. [PMID: 36484503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient cathodic carbonyl alkylation of aryl ketones or aldehydes with unactivated alkyl halides has been realized through the electrochemical activation of iron. The protocol is believed to include a radical-radical coupling or nucleophilic addition process, and the formation of ketyl radicals and alkyl radicals has been demonstrated. The protocol provides various tertiary or secondary alcohols by the formation of intermolecular C-C bonds under safe and mild conditions, is scalable, consumes little energy, and exhibits a broad substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongting Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Xinling Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Canlin Zou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Deng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529090, P. R. China
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28
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Luo A, Zhou H, Zhou Q, Hua Q, Zhao X, Yu X, Yang K, Hu YJ. On-DNA Alkyne Iodination and Acetylenic Coupling as a Useful Tool for DEL Synthesis. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2299-2306. [PMID: 36450158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
1-Iodoalkynes and 1,3-diynes are versatile chemical intermediates and pharmaceutically valuable ingredients. In this study, copper mediated on-DNA alkyne iodination and Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling are developed for the first time. This generates diverse, systematic, and unprecedented topographic structural features, which could be invaluable as molecular recognition agents for drug discovery in DEL screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayun Luo
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd. No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China
| | - Hongxia Zhou
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd. No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd. No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China
| | - Qini Hua
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd. No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd. No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China
| | - Xiaobing Yu
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd. No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yun Jin Hu
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co., Ltd. No. 800 Bin-Hai 4th Road, Hangzhou Bay New Zone, Ningbo, 315336, China
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29
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Zhang Y, Cai Z, Warratz S, Ma C, Ackermann L. Recent advances in electrooxidative radical transformations of alkynes. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDuring the past few years, electrochemical oxidative reactions through radical intermediates have emerged as an environmentally-benign, powerful platform for the facile formation of C–E (E = C, N, S, Se, O and Hal) bonds through single-electron-transfer (SET) processes at the electrodes. Functionalized unsaturated molecules and unusual structural motifs can, for instance, be directly constructed under exceedingly mild reaction conditions through initial radical attack onto alkynes. This minireview highlights the recent advances in electrooxidation in radical reactions until June 2022, with a particular focus on radical additions onto alkynes.
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30
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Ji H, Lin D, Tai L, Li X, Shi Y, Han Q, Chen LA. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Coupling of Acid Chlorides with α-Bromobenzoates: An Asymmetric Acyloin Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23019-23029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dengkai Lin
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lanzhu Tai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuxuan Shi
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiaorong Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liang-An Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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31
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Zhang LM, Yuan DF, Fu ZH, Li HR, Li M, Wen LR, Zhang LB. Electrochemical synthesis of α-thiocyanato-α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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32
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Zhang FH, Guo X, Zeng X, Wang Z. Asymmetric 1,4-functionalization of 1,3-enynes via dual photoredox and chromium catalysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5036. [PMID: 36028488 PMCID: PMC9418150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The merger of photoredox and transition-metal catalysis has evolved as a robust platform in organic synthesis over the past decade. The stereoselective 1,4-functionalization of 1,3-enynes, a prevalent synthon in synthetic chemistry, could afford valuable chiral allene derivatives. However, tremendous efforts have been focused on the ionic reaction pathway. The radical-involved asymmetric 1,4-functionalization of 1,3-enynes remains a prominent challenge. Herein, we describe the asymmetric three-component 1,4-dialkylation of 1,3-enynes via dual photoredox and chromium catalysis to provide chiral allenols. This method features readily available starting materials, broad substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, high regioselectivity, and simultaneous control of axial and central chiralities. Mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction proceeds through a radical-involved redox-neutral pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaochong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xianrong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
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33
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Zhu C, Lee S, Chen H, Yue H, Rueping M. Reductive Cross‐Coupling of α‐Oxy Halides Enabled by Thermal Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, or Mechanochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204212. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shao‐Chi Lee
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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34
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Zhu C, Lee S, Chen H, Yue H, Rueping M. Reductive Cross‐Coupling of α‐Oxy Halides Enabled by Thermal Catalysis, Photocatalysis, Electrocatalysis, or Mechanochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhu
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shao‐Chi Lee
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifeng Chen
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huifeng Yue
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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35
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Li P, Guo C, Wang S, Ma D, Feng T, Wang Y, Qiu Y. Facile and general electrochemical deuteration of unactivated alkyl halides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3774. [PMID: 35773255 PMCID: PMC9247074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a facile and general electroreductive deuteration of unactivated alkyl halides (X = Cl, Br, I) or pseudo-halides (X = OMs) using D2O as the economical deuterium source was reported. In addition to primary and secondary alkyl halides, sterically hindered tertiary chlorides also work very well, affording the target deuterodehalogenated products with excellent efficiency and deuterium incorporation. More than 60 examples are provided, including late-stage dehalogenative deuteration of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and their derivatives, all with excellent deuterium incorporation (up to 99% D), demonstrating the potential utility of the developed method in organic synthesis. Furthermore, the method does not require external catalysts and tolerates high current, showing possible use in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chengcheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dengke Ma
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tian Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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36
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calogero F, Magagnano G, Potenti S, Gualandi A, Fermi A, Ceroni P, Cozzi PG. Dual Photoredox and Nickel Catalysed Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Kaeffer N, Leitner W. Electrocatalysis with Molecular Transition-Metal Complexes for Reductive Organic Synthesis. JACS AU 2022; 2:1266-1289. [PMID: 35783173 PMCID: PMC9241009 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis enables the formation or cleavage of chemical bonds by a genuine use of electrons or holes from an electrical energy input. As such, electrocatalysis offers resource-economical alternative pathways that bypass sacrificial, waste-generating reagents often required in classical thermal redox reactions. In this Perspective, we showcase the exploitation of molecular electrocatalysts for electrosynthesis, in particular for reductive conversion of organic substrates. Selected case studies illustrate that efficient molecular electrocatalysts not only are appropriate redox shuttles but also embrace the features of organometallic catalysis to facilitate and control chemical steps. From these examples, guidelines are proposed for the design of molecular electrocatalysts suited to the reduction of organic substrates. We finally expose opportunities brought by catalyzed electrosynthesis to functionalize organic backbones, namely using sustainable building blocks.
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38
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Bertuzzi G, Ombrosi G, Bandini M. Regio- and Stereoselective Electrochemical Alkylation of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts. Org Lett 2022; 24:4354-4359. [PMID: 35700274 PMCID: PMC9237826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Electrosynthesis
is effectively employed in a general regio- and
stereoselective alkylation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman
compounds. The exposition of N-acyloxyphthalimides
(redox-active esters) to galvanostatic electroreductive conditions,
following the sacrificial-anode strategy, is proved an efficient and
practical method to access densely functionalized cinnamate and oxindole
derivatives. High yields (up to 80%) and wide functional group tolerance
characterized the methodology. A tentative mechanistic sketch is proposed
based on dedicated control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bertuzzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giamician Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiotum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Center for Chemical Catalysis -C3-, Alma Mater Studiotum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giada Ombrosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giamician Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiotum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giamician Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiotum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.,Center for Chemical Catalysis -C3-, Alma Mater Studiotum - Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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39
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Zhang X, Fang WY, Qin HL. Regio- and Stereoselective Installation of Bromide onto Vinyl Sulfonyl Fluorides: Construction of a Class of Versatile Sulfur Fluoride Exchange Hubs. Org Lett 2022; 24:4046-4051. [PMID: 35622119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convenient protocol for the exclusively regio- and stereoselective installation of a bromine atom on the 2-arylvinylsulfonyl fluorides using lithium bromide (LiBr) as the bromine source was described, providing (Z)-1-bromo-2-arylethene-1-sulfonyl fluorides (Z-BASF) with versatile reactive handles (bromide, vinyl, and sulfonyl fluoride) in ≤88% yield. Meanwhile, Z-BASF molecules displayed various reactivities in a series of chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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40
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Gnaim S, Bauer A, Zhang HJ, Chen L, Gannett C, Malapit CA, Hill DE, Vogt D, Tang T, Daley RA, Hao W, Zeng R, Quertenmont M, Beck WD, Kandahari E, Vantourout JC, Echeverria PG, Abruna HD, Blackmond DG, Minteer SD, Reisman SE, Sigman MS, Baran PS. Cobalt-electrocatalytic HAT for functionalization of unsaturated C-C bonds. Nature 2022; 605:687-695. [PMID: 35614246 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The study and application of transition metal hydrides (TMHs) has been an active area of chemical research since the early 1960s1, for energy storage, through the reduction of protons to generate hydrogen2,3, and for organic synthesis, for the functionalization of unsaturated C-C, C-O and C-N bonds4,5. In the former instance, electrochemical means for driving such reactivity has been common place since the 1950s6 but the use of stoichiometric exogenous organic- and metal-based reductants to harness the power of TMHs in synthetic chemistry remains the norm. In particular, cobalt-based TMHs have found widespread use for the derivatization of olefins and alkynes in complex molecule construction, often by a net hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)7. Here we show how an electrocatalytic approach inspired by decades of energy storage research can be made use of in the context of modern organic synthesis. This strategy not only offers benefits in terms of sustainability and efficiency but also enables enhanced chemoselectivity and distinct, tunable reactivity. Ten different reaction manifolds across dozens of substrates are exemplified, along with detailed mechanistic insights into this scalable electrochemical entry into Co-H generation that takes place through a low-valent intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Gnaim
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Adriano Bauer
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Longrui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cara Gannett
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - David E Hill
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tianhua Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ryan A Daley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Wesley D Beck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elya Kandahari
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Julien C Vantourout
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Hector D Abruna
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Donna G Blackmond
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Sarah E Reisman
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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41
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Leleu L, Martzel T, Fall A, Sanselme M, Levacher V, Oudeyer S, Brière JF. Diastereoselective addition of redox active esters to azomethine imines by electrosynthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6100-6103. [PMID: 35503100 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01795d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to metal- and catalyst-free electrochemical conditions in an undivided cell, a series of readily available redox-active N-(acyloxy)phthalimide esters led to an efficient and highly stereoselective addition (85 : 15 to 95 : 5 dr) of putative radical species to chiral (racemic and enantioenriched) C5-substituted azomethine imines to provide an array of 31 polyaminated hydrazine derivatives as a single diastereoisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Leleu
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Thomas Martzel
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Arona Fall
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Morgane Sanselme
- Laboratoire SMS - EA3233, Normandie Univ-University of Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Levacher
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Sylvain Oudeyer
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, 76000 Rouen, France.
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42
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Chen W, Ni S, Wang Y, Pan Y. Electrochemical-Promoted Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Allylation of Aryl Halides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3647-3651. [PMID: 35579336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Compared with conventional reductive coupling, reductive coupling under electrochemical conditions without external reductants is greener, milder, and more efficient and is of increasing interest to organic chemists. In this work, we report the sacrificial anode, nickel-catalyzed electrochemical allylation reaction of aryl and alkyl halides. The reaction can be applied to a range of allylation reagents such as trifluoroalkenes, oxalates, and acetates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengyang Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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43
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Wang H, Wang Z, Zhao G, Ramadoss V, Tian L, Wang Y. Electrochemical Deoxygenative Barbier-Type Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:3668-3673. [PMID: 35579356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective deoxygenative C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation reaction is achieved through electrochemical reduction of alcoholic phosphates or sulfonates with aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol derivatives of phosphates undergo single-electron reduction under electrochemical conditions followed by a spontaneous cleavage of the C-O bond with the exothermic loss of phosphate resulting in an alkyl radical species. Subsequently, radical intermediates are further reduced to carbanions at the cathode, which are in situ trapped by carbonyl compounds, thus accomplishing a deoxygenative Barbier-type reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Guo Zhao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Velayudham Ramadoss
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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44
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Jiang X, Jiang H, Yang Q, Cheng Y, Lu LQ, Tunge JA, Xiao WJ. Photoassisted Cobalt-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Grignard-Type Addition of Aryl Iodides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8347-8354. [PMID: 35481388 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Grignard addition is one of the most important methods used for syntheses of alcohol compounds and has been known for over a hundred years. However, research on asymmetric catalysis relies on the use of organometallic nucleophiles. Here, we report the first visible-light-induced cobalt-catalyzed asymmetric reductive Grignard-type addition for synthesizing chiral benzyl alcohols (>50 examples, up to 99% yield, and 99% ee). This methodology has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, good functionality tolerance, excellent enantiocontrol, the avoidance of mass metal wastes, and the use of precious metal catalysts. Kinetic realization studies suggested that migratory insertion of an aryl cobalt species into the aldehyde was the rate-determining step of the reductive addition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jiang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hao Jiang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ying Cheng
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jon A Tunge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Rd., Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- CCNU-uOttawa Joint Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Zhu Z, Xiao J, Li M, Shi Z. Nickel-Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Addition of Aryl Iodides across Aldehydes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201370. [PMID: 35147282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enantioenriched alcohols comprise much of the framework of organic molecules. Here, we first report that chiral nickel complexes can catalyze the intermolecular enantioselective addition of aryl iodides across aldehydes to provide diverse optically active secondary alcohols using zinc metal as the reducing agent. This method shows a broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions and precludes the traditional strategy through the pre-generation of organometallic reagents. Mechanistic studies indicate that an in situ formed arylnickel, instead of an arylzinc, adds efficiently to aldehydes, forming a new C-C bond and a chiral nickel alkoxide that may be turned over by zinc powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jieshuai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Abstract
The carbonyl group stands as a fundamental scaffold and plays a ubiquitous role in synthetically important chemical reactions in both academic and industrial contexts. Venerable transformations, including the aldol reaction, Grignard reaction, Wittig reaction, and Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction, constitute a vast and empowering synthetic arsenal. Notwithstanding, two-electron mechanisms inherently confine the breadth of accessible reactivity and topological patterns.Fostered by the rapid development of photoredox catalysis, combing well-entrenched carbonyl addition and radicals can harness several unique and increasingly sustainable transformations. In particular, unusual carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom disconnections, which are out of reach of two-electron carbonyl chemistry, can be conceived. To meet this end, a novel strategy toward the utilization of simple carbonyl compounds as intermolecular radical acceptors was developed. The reaction is enabled by visible-light photoredox-initiated hole catalysis. In situ Brønsted acid activation of the carbonyl moiety prevents β-scission from occurring. Furthermore, this regioselective alkyl radical addition reaction obviates the use of metals, ligands, or additives, thus offering a high degree of atom economy under mild conditions. On the basis of the same concept and the work of Schindler and co-workers, carbonyl-olefin cross-metathesis, induced by visible light, has also been achieved, leveraging a radical Prins-elimination sequence.Recently, dual chromium and photoredox catalysis has been developed by us and Kanai, offering a complementary approach to the revered Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. Leveraging the intertwined synergy between light and metal, several radical-to-polar crossover transformations toward eminent molecular motifs have been developed. Reactions such as the redox-neutral allylation of aldehydes and radical carbonyl alkylation can harvest the power of light and enable the use of catalytic chromium metal. Overall, exquisite levels of diastereoselectivity can be enforced via highly compact transition states. Other examples, such as the dialkylation of 1,3-dienes and radical carbonyl propargylation portray the versatile combination of radicals and carbonyl addition in multicomponent coupling endeavors. Highly valuable motifs, which commonly occur in complex drug and natural product architectures, can now be accessed in a single operational step. Going beyond carbonyl addition, seminal contributions from Fagnoni and MacMillan preconized photocatalytic HAT-based acyl radical formation as a key aldehyde valorization strategy. Our group articulated this concept, leveraging carboxy radicals as hydrogen atom abstractors in high regio- and chemoselective carbonyl alkynylation and aldehyde trifluoromethylthiolation.This Account, in addition to the narrative of our group and others' contributions at the interface between carbonyl addition and radical-based photochemistry, aims to provide core guiding foundations toward novel disruptive synthetic developments. We envisage that extending radical-to-polar crossovers beyond Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi manifolds, taming less-activated carbonyls, leveraging multicomponent processes, and merging single electron steps with energy-transfer events will propel eminent breakthroughs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ming Huang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Liu Y, Lin S, Zhang D, Song B, Jin Y, Hao E, Shi L. Photochemical Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi Coupling Enabled by Excited Hantzsch Ester. Org Lett 2022; 24:3331-3336. [PMID: 35412841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the first photochemical Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling enabled by bioinspired Hantzsch ester. The salient feature of this process is that commercially available and low-cost organic photoactive Hantzsch ester can serve as both an electron and a proton donor to reduce Cr/Ni to low-valent species and hydrolyze the CrIII-alkoxy bond, thus bypassing the use of stoichiometric metallic reductants and additives such as TMSCl and Cp2ZrCl2. The mild conditions and operationally easy method showed broad compatibility with various alkenyl triflates and aldehydes, including electron-poor pentafluorobenzaldehyde which failed under previous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Bingkun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yunhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Erjun Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
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Calogero F, Potenti S, Magagnano G, Mosca G, Gualandi A, Marchini M, Ceroni P, Cozzi PG. A Photoredox Nozaki‐Hiyama Reaction Catalytic in Chromium. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Calogero
- University of Bologna Faculty of Mathematical Physical and Natural Sciences: Universita degli Studi di Bologna Scuola di Scienze Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" ITALY
| | - Simone Potenti
- University of Bologna Faculty of Mathematical Physical and Natural Sciences: Universita degli Studi di Bologna Scuola di Scienze Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" ITALY
| | - Giandomenico Magagnano
- University of Bologna Faculty of Mathematical Physical and Natural Sciences: Universita degli Studi di Bologna Scuola di Scienze Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" ITALY
| | - Giampaolo Mosca
- University of Bologna School of Science: Universita degli Studi di Bologna Scuola di Scienze Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" ITALY
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- University of Bologna School of Science: Universita degli Studi di Bologna Scuola di Scienze Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" ITALY
| | - Marianna Marchini
- University of Bologna School of Science: Universita degli Studi di Bologna Scuola di Scienze Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" ITALY
| | - Paola Ceroni
- University of Bologna School of Science: Universita degli Studi di Bologna Scuola di Scienze Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" ITALY
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Universita di Bologna Dipartimento di chimica Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna ITALY
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Claraz A, Masson G. Recent Advances in C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) and C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Bond Formation through Cathodic Reactions: Reductive and Convergent Paired Electrolyses. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2022; 2:126-147. [PMID: 36855458 PMCID: PMC9954344 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds is one of the major research goals of synthetic chemists. Electrochemistry is commonly considered to be an appealing means to drive redox reactions in a safe and sustainable fashion and has been utilized for C-C bond-forming reactions. Compared to anodic oxidative methods, which have been extensively explored, cathodic processes are much less investigated, whereas it can pave the way to alternative retrosynthetic disconnections of target molecules and to the discovery of new transformations. This review provides an overview on the recent achievements in the construction of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds via cathodic reactions since 2017. It includes electrochemical reductions and convergent paired electrolyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Claraz
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 1, av. de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198 Cedex, France
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Mitsunuma H, Kanai M, Katayama Y. Recent Progress in Chromium-Mediated Carbonyl Addition Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1696-6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrganochromium(III) species are versatile nucleophiles in complex molecule synthesis due to their high functional group tolerance and chemoselectivity for aldehydes. Traditionally, carbonyl addition reactions of organochromium(III) species were performed through reduction of organohalides either using stoichiometric chromium(II) salts or catalytic chromium salts in the presence of stoichiometric reductants [such as Mn(0)]. Recently, alternative methods emerged involving organoradical formation from readily available starting materials (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, alkenes, and alkanes), followed by trapping the radical with stoichiometric or catalytic chromium(II) salts. Such methods, especially using catalytic chromium(II) salts, will lead to the development of sustainable chemical processes minimizing salt wastes and number of synthetic steps. In this review, methods for generation of organochromium(III) species for addition reactions to carbonyl compounds, classified by nucleophiles are described.1 Introduction2 Alkylation2.1 Branch-Selective Reductive Alkylation of Aldehydes Using Unactivated Alkenes2.2 Linear-Selective Alkylation of Aldehydes2.2.1 Catalytic Decarboxylative Alkylation of Aldehydes Using NHPI Esters2.2.2 Catalytic Reductive Alkylation of Aldehydes Using Unactivated Alkenes2.2.3 Alkylation of Aldehydes via C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Unactivated Alkanes2.3 Catalytic α-Aminoalkylation of Carbonyl Compounds3 Allylation3.1 Catalytic Allylation of Aldehydes via Three-Component Coupling3.2 Catalytic Allylation of Aldehydes via C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Alkenes4 Propargylation: Catalytic Propargylation of Aldehydes via Three-Component Coupling5 Conclusion
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