1
|
Masson-Makdissi J, Lalisse RF, Yuan M, Dherange BD, Gutierrez O, Levin MD. Evidence for Dearomatizing Spirocyclization and Dynamic Effects in the Quasi-stereospecific Nitrogen Deletion of Tetrahydroisoquinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38899979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Selectivity in organic chemistry is generally presumed to arise from energy differences between competing selectivity-determining transition states. However, in cases where static density functional theory (DFT) fails to reproduce experimental product distributions, dynamic effects can be examined to understand the behavior of more complex reaction systems. Previously, we reported a method for nitrogen deletion of secondary amines which relies on the formation of isodiazene intermediates that subsequently extrude dinitrogen with concomitant C-C bond formation via a caged diradical. Herein, a detailed mechanistic analysis of the nitrogen deletion of 1-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinolines is presented, suggesting that in this system the previously determined diradical mechanism undergoes dynamically controlled partitioning to both the normal 1,5-coupling product and an unexpected spirocyclic dearomatized intermediate, which converges to the expected indane by an unusually facile 1,3-sigmatropic rearrangement. This mechanism is not reproduced by static DFT but is supported by quasi-classical molecular dynamics calculations and unifies several unusual observations in this system, including partial chirality transfer, nonstatistical isotopic scrambling at the ethylene bridge, the isolation of spirocyclic dearomatized species in a related heterocyclic series, and the observation that introduction of an 8-substituent dramatically improves enantiospecificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mingbin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Balu D Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mark D Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heilmann T, Lopez-Soria JM, Ulbrich J, Kircher J, Li Z, Worbs B, Golz C, Mata RA, Alcarazo M. N-(Sulfonio)Sulfilimine Reagents: Non-Oxidizing Sources of Electrophilic Nitrogen Atom for Skeletal Editing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403826. [PMID: 38623698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The one-pot synthesis of λ4-dibenzothiophen-5-imino-N-dibenzothiophenium triflate (1) in multigram scale is reported. This compound reacts with Rh2(esp)2 (esp=α,α,α',α'-tetramethyl-1,3-benzenedipropionic acid) generating a Rh-coordinated sulfonitrene species, which is able to transfer the electrophilic nitrene moiety to olefins. When indenes are used as substrates, isoquinolines are obtained in good yields. We assumed that after formation of the corresponding N-sulfonio aziridine, a ring expansion occurs via selective C-C bond cleavage and concomitant elimination of dibenzothiophene. Unexpectedly, a similar protocol transforms 1-arylcyclobutenes into 1-cyano-1-arylcyclopropanes. Our calculations indicate that aziridination is not favored in this case; instead, sulfilimine-substituted cyclobutyl carbocations are initially formed, and these evolve to the isolated cyclopropanes via ring contraction. Both procedures are operationally simple, tolerate a range of functional groups, including oxidation-sensitive alcohols and aldehydes, and enable the convenient preparation of valuable 15N-labelled products. These results demonstrate the potential of 1 to provide alternative pathways for the selective transfer of N-atoms in organic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heilmann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Juan M Lopez-Soria
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Ulbrich
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kircher
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Brigitte Worbs
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christopher Golz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shimazumi R, Tobisu M. Unimolecular Fragment Coupling: A New Bond-Forming Methodology via the Deletion of Atom(s). JACS AU 2024; 4:1676-1695. [PMID: 38818052 PMCID: PMC11134393 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Unimolecular fragment coupling (UFC) is defined as a reaction format, wherein atom(s) located in the middle of a molecule are extruded, and the remaining fragments are coupled. UFC is a potentially powerful strategy that is an alternative to transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling because the target chemical bond is formed in an intramolecular fashion, which is inherently beneficial for chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity issues. In this Perspective, we will present an overview of the recent advances in UFC reactions, which encompass those proceeding through the elimination of CO2, CO, SO2, isocyanates, N2, or single atoms primarily via transition metal catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoma Shimazumi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative
Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary
Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Niu C, Zhang Z, Li Q, Cheng Z, Jiao N, Zhang C. Selective Ring-Opening Amination of Isochromans and Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401318. [PMID: 38459760 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The molecular structure-editing through selective C-C bond cleavage allows for the precise modification of molecular structures and opens up new possibilities in chemical synthesis. By strategically cleaving C-C bonds and editing the molecular structure, more efficient and versatile pathways for the synthesis of complex compounds could be designed, which brings significant implications for drug development and materials science. o-Aminophenethyl alcohols and amines are the essential key motifs in bioactive and functional material molecules. The traditional synthesis of these compounds usually requires multiple steps which could generate inseparable isomers and induce low efficiencies. By leveraging a molecular editing strategy, we herein reported a selective ring-opening amination of isochromans and tetrahydroisoquinolines for the efficient synthesis of o-aminophenethyl alcohols and amines. This innovative chemistry allows for the precise cleavage of C-C bonds under mild transition metal-free conditions. Notably, further synthetic application demonstrated that our method could provide an efficient approach to essential components of diverse bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Niu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Chemical Biology Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, 300072, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fang W, Luo ZW, Wang YC, Zhou W, Li L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Dai M, Dai JJ. S N2 Reaction at the Amide Nitrogen Center Enables Hydrazide Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317570. [PMID: 38366960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Nucleophilic substitutions are fundamentally important transformations in synthetic organic chemistry. Despite the substantial advances in bimolecular nucleophilic substitutions (SN2) at saturated carbon centers, analogous SN2 reaction at the amide nitrogen atom remains extremely limited. Here we report an SN2 substitution method at the amide nitrogen atom with amine nucleophiles for nitrogen-nitrogen (N-N) bond formation that leads to a novel strategy toward biologically and medicinally important hydrazide derivatives. We found the use of sulfonate-leaving groups at the amide nitrogen atom played a pivotal role in the reaction. This new N-N coupling reaction allows the use of O-tosyl hydroxamates as electrophiles and readily available amines, including acyclic aliphatic amines and saturated N-heterocycles as nucleophiles. The reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope (>80 examples), excellent functional group tolerability, and scalability. The method is applicable to late-stage modification of various approved drug molecules, thus enabling complex hydrazide scaffold synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Luo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ye-Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yimin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiangke Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Dai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nan J, Huang Q, Men X, Yang S, Wang J, Ma Y. Palladium-catalyzed denitrogenation/vinylation of benzotriazinones with vinylene carbonate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3571-3574. [PMID: 38469678 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00059e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a novel Pd-catalyzed denitrogenation/vinylation of benzotriazinones using vinylene carbonate as the vinylation reagent is reported. This transformation demonstrates an unprecedented skeletal editing approach, effectively converting NN to CC fragments in situ and synthesizing a collection of isoquinolinones with broad-spectrum functional group tolerance. Moreover, the quite concise reaction system and late-stage modification of bioactive molecules comprehensively underscore the practical potential of this protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Nan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Therapeutics Research, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xinran Men
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Shuai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yangmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xue JH, Li Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Wang H. Site-Specific Deaminative Trifluoromethylation of Aliphatic Primary Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319030. [PMID: 38179851 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into organic molecules is of paramount importance in modern synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. While methods for constructing C(sp2 )-CF3 bonds have been well established, the advancement of practical and comprehensive approaches for forming C(sp3 )-CF3 bonds remains considerably restricted. In this work, we describe an efficient and site-specific deaminative trifluoromethylation reaction of aliphatic primary amines to afford the corresponding alkyl trifluoromethyl compounds. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with readily accessible N-anomeric amide (Levin's reagent) and bench-stable bpyCu(CF3 )3 (Grushin's reagent, bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) under blue light. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and moderate to good yields. Remarkably, the method can be applied to the direct, late-stage trifluoromethylation of natural products and bioactive molecules. Experimental mechanistic studies were conducted, and a radical mechanism is proposed, wherein the dual roles of Grushin's reagent have been elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hao Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo H, Qiu S, Xu P. One-Carbon Ring Expansion of Indoles and Pyrroles: A Straightforward Access to 3-Fluorinated Quinolines and Pyridines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202317104. [PMID: 38079290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
3-Fluorinated quinolines and pyridines are prevalent pharmacophores, yet their synthesis is often challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that dibromofluoromethane as bromofluorocarbene source enables the one-carbon ring expansion of readily available indoles and pyrroles to structurally diverse 3-fluorinated quinolines and pyridines. This straightforward protocol requires only a short reaction time of ten minutes and can be performed under air atmosphere. Preliminary investigations reveal that this strategy can also be applied to the synthesis of other valuable azines by using different 1,1-dibromoalkanes as bromocarbene sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaixuan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shiqin Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Konowalchuk DJ, Hall DG. Divergent Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrasubstituted Cyclobutenes from a Common Scaffold: Enantioselective Desymmetrization by Dual-Catalyzed Photoredox Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313503. [PMID: 37852934 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Four-membered carbocycles are important structural motifs found in several natural products and drugs. Amongst those, cyclobutenes are attractive intermediates because the residual olefin can be manipulated selectively into various saturated and unsaturated analogs. Few methods exist to access chiral tri- and tetra-C-substituted cyclobutenes and they are generally limited in terms of diversification. Herein, a divergent synthetic strategy was developed where a single optically enriched scaffold is diversified into a variety of derivatives with different substitution patterns. To this end, the enantioselective desymmetrization of prochiral 1,2-dibromocyclobutene imides was enabled by a dual Ir/Ni-catalyzed photoredox C(sp2 )-C(sp3 ) cross-coupling with an alkyltrifluoroborate salt to install a convertible carbon fragment in good yields and >90 % enantiomeric excess. Exceptional mono-coupling selectivity is observed and the resulting chiral bromocyclobutene serves as a common scaffold that can be transformed in a divergent manner into several valuable 1,2,3,4-tetra-C-substituted cyclobutane products while maintaining optical purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawson J Konowalchuk
- Department of Chemistry, 4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Dr NW, T6G 2G2, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Dennis G Hall
- Department of Chemistry, 4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Dr NW, T6G 2G2, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qin H, Guo T, Lin K, Li G, Lu H. Synthesis of dienes from pyrrolidines using skeletal modification. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7307. [PMID: 37951966 PMCID: PMC10640553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Saturated N-heterocyclic pyrrolidines are common in natural products, medicinal compounds and agrochemicals. However, reconstruction of their skeletal structures creating new chemical space is a challenging task, and limited methods exist for this purpose. In this study, we report a skeletal modification strategy for conversion of polar cyclic pyrrolidines into nonpolar linear dienes through a N-atom removal and deconstruction process. This involves N-sulfonylazidonation followed by rearrangement of the resulting sulfamoyl azide intermediates. This can be an energetically unfavorable process, which involves the formation of active C-C π bonds, the consumption of inert C-N and C-C σ bonds and the destruction of stable five-membered rings, but we have used it here to produce versatile conjugated and nonconjugated dienes with links of varying lengths. We also studied the application of this method in late-stage skeletal modification of bioactive compounds, formal traceless C(sp2)-H functionalization and formal N-atom deletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Qin
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ken Lin
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Guigen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang H, Erchinger JE, Lenz M, Dutta S, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. syn-Selective Difunctionalization of Bicyclobutanes Enabled by Photoredox-Mediated C-S σ-Bond Scission. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23771-23780. [PMID: 37852210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of cyclic frameworks in molecular scaffolds and drug discovery, it is intriguing to precisely forge and manipulate ring systems in synthetic chemistry. In this field, the intermolecular synthesis of densely substituted cyclobutanes with precise diastereocontrol under simple reaction conditions remains a challenge. Herein, a photoredox strategy for the difunctionalization of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) under high regio- and syn-selectivity is disclosed. C-S σ-bond cleavage of partially unsaturated sulfur-containing bifunctional reagents in an overall strain-release-driven process enables the thio-alkynylation, -alkenylation, and -allylation of BCBs under mild conditions and demonstrates the generality of this protocol. Mechanistic studies suggest that the intermediacy of cyclic distonic radical cations might be key for the efficient scission of C-S σ-bonds and the origin of diastereoselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Madina Lenz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shennan BA, Sánchez-Alonso S, Rossini G, Dixon DJ. 1,2-Redox Transpositions of Tertiary Amides. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21745-21751. [PMID: 37756523 PMCID: PMC10571086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Reactions capable of transposing the oxidation levels of adjacent carbon atoms enable rapid and fundamental alteration of a molecule's reactivity. Herein, we report the 1,2-transposition of the carbon atom oxidation level in cyclic and acyclic tertiary amides, resulting in the one-pot synthesis of 1,2- and 1,3-oxygenated tertiary amines. This oxidation level transfer was facilitated by the careful orchestration of an iridium-catalyzed reduction with the functionalization of transiently formed enamine intermediates. A novel 1,2-carbonyl transposition is described, and the breadth of this redox transposition strategy has been further explored by the development of aminoalcohol and enaminone syntheses. The diverse β-functionalized amine products were shown to be multifaceted and valuable synthetic intermediates, accessing challenging biologically relevant motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin
D. A. Shennan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemical
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Alonso
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemical
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Gabriele Rossini
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemical
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemical
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kirkeby EK, Schwartz ZT, Lovasz MA, Roberts AG. Deaminative ring contraction for the synthesis of polycyclic heteroaromatics: a concise total synthesis of toddaquinoline. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10508-10514. [PMID: 37800000 PMCID: PMC10548534 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03936f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A concise strategy to prepare polycyclic heteroaromatics involving a deaminative contraction cascade is detailed. The efficient deaminative ring contraction involves the in situ methylation of a biaryl-linked dihydroazepine to form a cyclic ammonium cation that undergoes a base-induced [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement/dehydroamination sequence. The presence of pseudosymmetry guides the retrosynthetic analysis of pyridyl-containing polycyclic heteroaromatics, enabling their construction by the reductive cyclization and deaminative contraction of tertiary amine precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Kirkeby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| | - Zachary T Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| | - Myles A Lovasz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| | - Andrew G Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou X, Huang Q, Guo J, Dai L, Lu Y. Molecular Editing of Pyrroles via a Skeletal Recasting Strategy. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1758-1767. [PMID: 37780359 PMCID: PMC10540293 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic scaffolds are commonly found in numerous biologically active molecules, therapeutic agents, and agrochemicals. To probe chemical space around heterocycles, many powerful molecular editing strategies have been devised. Versatile C-H functionalization strategies allow for peripheral modifications of heterocyclic motifs, often being specific and taking place at multiple sites. The past few years have seen the quick emergence of exciting "single-atom skeletal editing" strategies, through one-atom deletion or addition, enabling ring contraction/expansion and structural diversification, as well as scaffold hopping. The construction of heterocycles via deconstruction of simple heterocycles is unknown. Herein, we disclose a new molecular editing method which we name the skeletal recasting strategy. Specifically, by tapping on the 1,3-dipolar property of azoalkenes, we recast simple pyrroles to fully substituted pyrroles, through a simple phosphoric acid-promoted one-pot reaction consisting of dearomative deconstruction and rearomative reconstruction steps. The reaction allows for easy access to synthetically challenging tetra-substituted pyrroles which are otherwise difficult to synthesize. Furthermore, we construct N-N axial chirality on our pyrrole products, as well as accomplish a facile synthesis of the anticancer drug, Sutent. The potential application of this method to other heterocycles has also been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Zhou
- Joint
School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, Fujian 350207, China
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qingqin Huang
- Joint
School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, Fujian 350207, China
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jiami Guo
- Joint
School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, Fujian 350207, China
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Lei Dai
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yixin Lu
- Joint
School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, Fujian 350207, China
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu L, Lu P. Enantioselective [3+2]-cycloaddition of 2,3-disubstituted cyclobutenones: vicinal quaternary stereocenters construction and skeletal functionalization. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8355-8359. [PMID: 37564417 PMCID: PMC10411620 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycloaddition is a fundamental transformation, featuring the assembly of complex cyclic molecules with multiple stereocenters. We report here a silver-catalyzed [3+2]-cycloaddition of 2,3-disubstituted cyclobutenones with an array of azomethine ylide precursors iminoesters, furnishing azabicycles in good yields and enantioselectivities. Up to three contiguous all-carbon quaternary centers, including two angular stereocenters, could be constructed efficiently, due to high reactivity of strained cyclobutenones. Subsequent skeletal remodeling provided versatile molecules with distinct structural characters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Lu Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 220 Handan Lu Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao H, Lin Y, Jiang M, Su B. A general catalytic synthetic strategy for highly strained methylenecyclobutanes and spiromethylenecyclobutanes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7897-7904. [PMID: 37502320 PMCID: PMC10370550 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01103h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly strained methylenecyclobutanes (MCBs) are intriguing scaffolds in synthetic chemistry and drug discovery, but there is no such strategy that enables the synthesis of structurally diverse MCBs with defined stereochemistry. We report a general synthetic strategy for (boromethylene)cyclobutanes (BMCBs) and spiro-BMCBs by a challenging Cu-catalyzed highly chemo-, stereo-, and regioselective borylative cyclization of aliphatic alkynes. This strategy not only enables the installation of various functionalities at each site on the MCB skeleton with unambiguous stereochemistry but also introduces a versatile boromethylene unit that is readily transformable to a wide range of new functional groups; these features significantly expand the structural diversity of MCBs and are particularly valuable in drug discovery. The concise and divergent total syntheses of four cyclobutane-containing natural products were achieved from one common BMCB obtained by this strategy. The origin of the high regioselectivity in the borylcupration of alkynes and the high efficiency of the strained ring cyclization was also studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Bo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
He J, Du FH, Zhang C, Du Y. Chemoselective cycloisomerization of O-alkenylbenzamides via concomitant 1,2-aryl migration/elimination mediated by hypervalent iodine reagents. Commun Chem 2023; 6:126. [PMID: 37330613 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
As an ambident nucleophile, controlling the reaction selectivities of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in amide moiety is a challenging issue in organic synthesis. Herein, we present a chemodivergent cycloisomerization approach to construct isoquinolinone and iminoisocoumarin skeletons from o-alkenylbenzamide derivatives. The chemo-controllable strategy employed an exclusive 1,2-aryl migration/elimination cascade, enabled by different hypervalent iodine species generated in situ from the reaction of iodosobenzene (PhIO) with MeOH or 2,4,6-tris-isopropylbenzene sulfonic acid. DFT studies revealed that the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the intermediates in the two reaction systems have different nucleophilicities and thus produce the selectivity of N or O-attack modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng-Huan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wright BA, Matviitsuk A, Black MJ, García-Reynaga P, Hanna LE, Herrmann AT, Ameriks MK, Sarpong R, Lebold TP. Skeletal Editing Approach to Bridge-Functionalized Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes from Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10960-10966. [PMID: 37145091 PMCID: PMC10281541 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (aza-BCHs) and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have emerged as attractive classes of sp3-rich cores for replacing flat, aromatic groups with metabolically resistant, three-dimensional frameworks in drug scaffolds. Strategies to directly convert, or "scaffold hop", between these bioisosteric subclasses through single-atom skeletal editing would enable efficient interpolation within this valuable chemical space. Herein, we describe a strategy to "scaffold hop" between aza-BCH and BCP cores through a nitrogen-deleting skeletal edit. Photochemical [2+2] cycloadditions, used to prepare multifunctionalized aza-BCH frameworks, are coupled with a subsequent deamination step to afford bridge-functionalized BCPs, for which few synthetic solutions currently exist. The modular sequence provides access to various privileged bridged bicycles of pharmaceutical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Michael J Black
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Luke E Hanna
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Aaron T Herrmann
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael K Ameriks
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Terry P Lebold
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Steiniger KA, Lamb MC, Lambert TH. Cross-Coupling of Amines via Photocatalytic Denitrogenation of In Situ Generated Diazenes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11524-11529. [PMID: 37201211 PMCID: PMC10405275 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A method for C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling of amines is described. Primary amines are converted to 1,2-dialkyldiazenes by treatment with O-nosylhydroxylamines in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Denitrogenation of the diazenes with an iridium photocatalyst then forges the C-C bond. The substrate scope accommodates a broad latitude of functionality, including heteroaromatics and unprotected alcohols and acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keri A Steiniger
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Matthew C Lamb
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tristan H Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li YL, Yu N, He KC, Zhou YQ, Zheng WH, Jiang K, Wei Y. Skeletal Transformation of Oxindoles into Quinolinones Enabled by Synergistic Copper/Iminium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4863-4874. [PMID: 36946256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe a synergistic Cu/secondary amine catalysis for skeletal transformation of an oxindole core into a quinolinone skeleton, which generates several structurally new pyridine-fused quinolinones. The synergistic reactions allow expansion of a five-membered lactam ring by radical cation-triggered C-C bond cleavage and enable a further intramolecular cyclization with the aim to construct totally distinct core skeletons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ning Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kui-Cheng He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei-Hao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ye Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jung M, Muir JE, Lindsay VNG. Expedient synthesis of spiro[3.3]heptan-1-ones via strain-relocating semipinacol rearrangements. Tetrahedron 2023; 134:133296. [PMID: 36937489 PMCID: PMC10019042 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the formation of the highly strained spiro[3.3]heptan-1-one motif was developed through the reaction of 1-sulfonylcyclopropanols and lithiated 1-sulfonylbicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Following initial nucleophilic addition to the cyclopropanone formed in situ, the resulting 1-bicyclobutylcyclopropanol intermediate is prone to a 'strain-relocating' semipinacol rearrangement in the presence of acid, directly affording the substituted spiro[3.3]heptan-1-one. The process is shown to be fully regio- and stereospecific when starting from a substituted cyclopropanone equivalent, leading to optically active 3-substituted spiro[3.3]heptan-1-ones. The reaction likely proceeds via initial protonation of the bicyclobutyl moiety followed by [1,2]-rearrangement of the resulting cyclopropylcarbinyl cation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Joanna E Muir
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Monreal-Corona R, Solà M, Pla-Quintana A, Poater A. Stereoretentive Formation of Cyclobutanes from Pyrrolidines: Lessons Learned from DFT Studies of the Reaction Mechanism. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4619-4626. [PMID: 36940389 PMCID: PMC10088030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of cyclobutanes that possess an array of stereocenters in a contiguous fashion has attracted the wide interest of the synthetic community. Cyclobutanes can be generated from the contraction of pyrrolidines through the formation of 1,4-biradical intermediates. Little else is known about the reaction mechanism of this reaction. Here, we unveil the mechanism for this stereospecific synthesis of cyclobutanes by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The rate-determining step of this transformation corresponds to the release of N2 from the 1,1-diazene intermediate to form an open-shell singlet 1,4-biradical. The formation of the stereoretentive product is explained by the barrierless collapse of this open-shell singlet 1,4-biradical. The knowledge of the reaction mechanism is used to predict that the methodology could be amenable to the synthesis of [2]-ladderanes and bicyclic cyclobutanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Monreal-Corona
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deaminative bromination, chlorination, and iodination of primary amines. iScience 2023; 26:106255. [PMID: 36909668 PMCID: PMC9993034 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary amino group has been seldom utilized as a transformable functionality in organic synthesis. Reported herein is a deaminative halogenation of primary amines using N-anomeric amide as the nitrogen-deletion reagent. Both aliphatic and aromatic amines are competent substrates for direct halogenations. The mildness and robustness of the protocol are evidenced by the successful reactions of several complex- and functional group-enriched bioactive compounds or drugs. Elaboration of the resulting products provides interesting analogues of drug molecules.
Collapse
|
24
|
Synthesis of Sulfoximines and Sulfonimidamides Using Hypervalent Iodine Mediated NH Transfer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031120. [PMID: 36770787 PMCID: PMC9920176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of NH transfer reactions using hypervalent iodine and simple sources of ammonia has facilitated the synthesis of sulfoximines and sulfonimidamides for applications across the chemical sciences. Perhaps most notably, the methods have been widely applied in medicinal chemistry and in the preparation of biologically active compounds, including in the large-scale preparation of an API intermediate. This review provides an overview of the development of these synthetic methods involving an intermediate iodonitrene since our initial report in 2016 on the conversion of sulfoxides into sulfoximines. This review covers the NH transfer to sulfoxides and sulfinamides, and the simultaneous NH/O transfer to sulfides and sulfenamides to form sulfoximines and sulfonimidamides, respectively. The mechanism of the reactions and the identification of key intermediates are discussed. Developments in the choice of reagents, and in the reaction conditions and setups used are described.
Collapse
|
25
|
Holovach S, Melnykov KP, Poroshyn I, Iminov RT, Dudenko D, Kondratov I, Levin M, Grygorenko OO. C-C Coupling through Nitrogen Deletion: Application to Library Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203470. [PMID: 36445790 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for parallel C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) coupling of (hetero)aromatic aldehydes and (hetero)arylmethyl amines based on a reductive amination - "nitrogen deletion" reaction sequence has been developed. After preliminary validation experiments, an illustrative compound library of 25 members was prepared with 76 % synthetic efficiency. The estimated chemical space accessible by the proposed approach covers almost 600 000 representatives that are scarcely represented in current compound databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Holovach
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Illia Poroshyn
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Rustam T Iminov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Dudenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Chemspace, Chervonotkatska Street 85, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Ivan Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademik Kukhar Street 1, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Mark Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ji DW, Hu YC, Min XT, Liu H, Zhang WS, Li Y, Zhou YJ, Chen QA. Skeleton-Reorganizing Coupling Reactions of Cycloheptatriene and Cycloalkenones with Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213074. [PMID: 36372782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal reorganization reactions have emerged as an intriguing tool for converting readily available compounds into complicated molecules inaccessible by traditional methods. Herein, we report a unique skeleton-reorganizing coupling reaction of cycloheptatriene and cycloalkenones with amines. In the presence of Rh/acid catalysis, cycloheptatriene can selectively couple with anilines to deliver fused 1,2-dihydroquinoline products. Mechanistic studies indicate that the retro-Mannich type ring-opening and subsequent intramolecular Povarov reaction account for the ring reorganization. Our mechanistic studies also revealed that skeleton-reorganizing amination between anilines and cycloalkenones can be achieved with acid. The synthetic utilization of this skeleton-reorganizing coupling reaction was showcased with a gram-scale reaction, synthetic derivatizations, and the late-stage modification of commercial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiang-Ting Min
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei-Song Zhang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjin J Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Su J, Li C, Hu X, Guo Y, Song Q. Deaminative Arylation and Alkenyaltion of Aliphatic Tertiary Amines with Aryl and Alkenylboronic Acids via Nitrogen Ylides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212740. [PMID: 36314477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling has significantly advanced C-C bond formation and has been well recognized in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, materials science and other fields. In this rapid development, cross coupling without transition metal catalyst is a big challenge in this field, and using widely existing tertiary amines as electrophiles to directly couple with boronic acids has great hurdles yet significant application prospects. Herein, we report an efficient and general deaminative arylation and alkenylation of tertiary amines (propargyl amines, allyl amines and 1H-indol-3-yl methane amines) with ary and alkenylboronic acids enabled by difluorocarbene under transition-metal-free conditions. Preliminary mechanism experiments suggest that in situ formed difluoromethyl quaternary amine salt, nitrogen ylide and tetracoordinate boron species are the key intermediates, the subsequent 1,2-metallate shift and protodeboronation complete the new coupling reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Su
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Chengbo Li
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Xinyuan Hu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hui C, Craggs L, Antonchick AP. Ring contraction in synthesis of functionalized carbocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8652-8675. [PMID: 36172989 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01080h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbocycles are a key and widely present structural motif in organic compounds. The construction of structurally intriguing carbocycles, such as highly-strained fused rings, spirocycles or highly-functionalized carbocycles with congested stereocenters, remains challenging in organic chemistry. Cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes within such carbocycles can be synthesized through ring contraction. These ring contractions involve re-arrangement of and/or small molecule extrusion from a parental ring, which is either a carbocycle or a heterocycle of larger size. This review provides an overview of synthetic methods for ring contractions to form cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes en route to structurally intriguing carbocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luke Craggs
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. .,Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.,Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Reisenbauer JC, Green O, Franchino A, Finkelstein P, Morandi B. Late-stage diversification of indole skeletons through nitrogen atom insertion. Science 2022; 377:1104-1109. [PMID: 36048958 DOI: 10.1126/science.add1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Compared with peripheral late-stage transformations mainly focusing on carbon-hydrogen functionalizations, reliable strategies to directly edit the core skeleton of pharmaceutical lead compounds still remain scarce despite the recent flurry of activity in this area. Herein, we report the skeletal editing of indoles through nitrogen atom insertion, accessing the corresponding quinazoline or quinoxaline bioisosteres by trapping of an electrophilic nitrene species generated from ammonium carbamate and hypervalent iodine. This reactivity relies on the strategic use of a silyl group as a labile protecting group that can facilitate subsequent product release. The utility of this highly functional group-compatible methodology in the context of late-stage skeletal editing of several commercial drugs is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ori Green
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Allegra Franchino
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Augustin AU, Di Silvio S, Marek I. Borylated Cyclopropanes as Spring-Loaded Entities: Access to Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters in Acyclic Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16298-16302. [PMID: 36041738 PMCID: PMC9479080 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we present the formation of acyclic frameworks
bearing
two consecutive stereocenters of either tertiary or quaternary nature
starting from easily accessible cyclopropenes. This holistic approach
involves a regio- and diastereoselective hydro- or carboborylation
of substituted cyclopropenyl esters. Formation of boronate complexes
of the latter via the addition of nucleophiles and subsequent stereospecific
1,2-migration with carbon–carbon bond cleavage delivered the
title compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André U Augustin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
| | - Sergio Di Silvio
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200009, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang G, Favela D, Chow WL, Iyer RN, Pell AJ, Olson DE. Synthesis of Tertiary Amines through Extrusive Alkylation of Carbamates. Org Lett 2022; 24:6208-6212. [PMID: 35972395 PMCID: PMC9420822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Basic amines are key elements of many biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. Given their inherent reactivity, it is often necessary to protect basic amines during target-directed synthesis, which results in wasteful protection/deprotection sequences. We report a step-economical approach enabling the protection of secondary amines as carbamates prior to their conversion to tertiary amines via the formal extrusion of CO2. This method is applied to the synthesis of iboga alkaloids (±)-conodusine A and (±)-conodusine B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - David Favela
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Winston L Chow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rishab N Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alexander J Pell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - David E Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd., Suite 2102, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Ct., Davis, California 95618, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Y, Cheng S, Tian Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Recent ring distortion reactions for diversifying complex natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1970-1992. [PMID: 35972343 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00027j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013-2022.Chemical diversification of natural products is an efficient way to generate natural product-like compounds for modern drug discovery programs. Utilizing ring-distortion reactions for diversifying natural products would directly alter the core ring systems of small molecules and lead to the production of structurally complex and diverse compounds for high-throughput screening. We review the ring distortion reactions recently used in complexity-to-diversity (CtD) and pseudo natural products (pseudo-NPs) strategies for diversifying complex natural products. The core ring structures of natural products are altered via ring expansion, ring cleavage, ring edge-fusion, ring spiro-fusion, ring rearrangement, and ring contraction. These reactions can rapidly provide natural product-like collections with properties suitable for a wide variety of biological and medicinal applications. The challenges and limitations of current ring distortion reactions are critically assessed, and avenues for future improvements of this rapidly expanding field are discussed. We also provide a toolbox for chemists for the application of ring distortion reactions to access natural product-like molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Shihao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yun Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tanifuji R. Skeletal Editing: Recent Progress on Ring-contraction Reactions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanifuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hui C, Antonchick AP. Concise synthesis of piperarborenine B. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116817. [PMID: 35609467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of piperarborenine B is reported. Organocatalytic electrophilic amination of pyrrolidines, stereospecific oxidative ring contraction and an original diastereoselective Krapcho dealkoxycarbonylation/transmethylation contribute to a novel synthetic strategy to the preparation of a non-symmetrical cyclobutane core. Being transition-metal-free, directing-group-free and protecting-group-free, a five-step synthesis of piperarborenine B was accomplished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey P Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany; Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abe T, Yamashiro T, Shimizu K, Sawada D. Indole Editing Enabled by HFIP-Mediated Ring-Switch Reactions of 3-Amino-2-Hydroxyindolines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201113. [PMID: 35438809 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the novel reactivity of hemiaminal as a precursor for indole editing at the multi-site. The HFIP-promoted indole editing of indoline hemiaminals affords 2-arylindoles through a ring-switch sequence. The key to success of this transformation is to use a cyclic hemiaminal as an α-amino aldehyde surrogate under transient tautomeric control. This transformation features mild reaction conditions and good yields with broad functional group tolerance. The utility of this transformation is presented through the one-pot protocol and the synthesis of isocryptolepine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - Kaho Shimizu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sawada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 7008530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Methodology-driven efficient synthesis of cytotoxic (±)-piperarborenine B. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
37
|
Lenihan JM, Mailloux MJ, Beeler AB. Multigram Scale Synthesis of Piperarborenines C-E. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Lenihan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Matthew J. Mailloux
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Aaron B. Beeler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jurczyk J, Woo J, Kim SF, Dherange BD, Sarpong R, Levin MD. Single-atom logic for heterocycle editing. NATURE SYNTHESIS 2022; 1:352-364. [PMID: 35935106 PMCID: PMC9355079 DOI: 10.1038/s44160-022-00052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal chemistry continues to be impacted by new synthetic methods. Particularly sought after, especially at the drug discovery stage, is the ability to enact the desired chemical transformations in a concise and chemospecific fashion. To this end, the field of organic synthesis has become captivated by the idea of 'molecular editing'-to rapidly build onto, change or prune molecules one atom at a time using transformations that are mild and selective enough to be employed at the late stages of a synthetic sequence. In this Review, the definition and categorization of a particularly promising subclass of molecular editing reactions, termed 'single-atom skeletal editing', are proposed. Although skeletal editing applies to both cyclic and acyclic compounds, this Review focuses on heterocycles, both for their centrality in medicinal chemistry and for the definitional clarity afforded by a focus on ring systems. A classification system is presented by highlighting methods (both historically important examples and recent advances) that achieve such transformations, with the goal to spark interest and inspire further development in this growing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Jurczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jisoo Woo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Jisoo Woo, Sojung F. Kim
| | - Sojung F. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Jisoo Woo, Sojung F. Kim
| | - Balu D. Dherange
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to Richmond Sarpong or Mark D. Levin. ;
| | - Mark D. Levin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to Richmond Sarpong or Mark D. Levin. ;
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cyclobutane-containing scaffolds in bioactive small molecules. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
40
|
Synthesis of α-Amino Cyclobutanones via Formal 1,3-Hydroxy Migration Triggered by Formation of α-Imino Rhodium Carbene. Org Lett 2022; 24:2950-2954. [PMID: 35416678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Formal intramolecular 1,3-OH migration of α-imino carbene was achieved producing a unique zwitterion, and the subsequent selective annulation afforded α-amino cyclobutanone. Features such as readily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, a time-saving procedure, excellent functional group compatibility, and valuable transformations of the products qualified this unique protocol as an efficient tool for the synthesis of strained cyclic compounds. Density functional theory calculations were in good agreement with experimental observations, and a plausible mechanism is presented.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hui C, Wang Z, Xie Y, Liu J. Contemporary synthesis of bioactive cyclobutane natural products. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
42
|
Hui C, Wang S, Xu C. Dinitrogen extrusion from diazene in organic synthesis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
McFadden TP, Nwachukwu CI, Roberts AG. An amine template strategy to construct successive C-C bonds: synthesis of benzo[ h]quinolines by a deaminative ring contraction cascade. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1379-1385. [PMID: 35084425 PMCID: PMC8957836 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed a convergent strategy to build, cyclize and excise nitrogen from tertiary amines for the synthesis of polyheterocyclic aromatics. Biaryl-linked azepine intermediates can undergo a deaminative ring contraction cascade reaction, excising nitrogen with the formation of an aromatic core. This strategy and deaminative ring contraction reaction are useful for the synthesis of benzo[h]quinolines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Patrick McFadden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
| | | | - Andrew George Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Simsek O, Dincer M, Dege N, Saif E, Yilmaz I, Cukurovali A. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (Z)-4-{[4-(3-methyl-3-phenylcyclobutyl)thiazol-2-yl]amino}-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2022; 78:120-124. [PMID: 35145736 PMCID: PMC8819446 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989022000032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The title compound is a cyclobutyl compound that adopts a Z configuration. The molecular structure is stabilized by an N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming an (7) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming supramolecular ribbons linked via C11(9) ring motifs. The title cyclobutyl compound, C18H18N2O3S, was synthesized by the interaction of 4-(3-methyl-3-phenylcyclobutyl)thiazol-2-amine and maleic anhydride, and crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with Z′ = 1. The molecular geometry is partially stabilized by an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond forming an S11(7) ring motif. The molecule is non-planar with a dihedral angle of 88.29 (11)° between the thiazole and benzene rings. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming supramolecular ribbons with C11(9) chain motifs. To further analyze the intermolecular interactions, a Hirshfeld surface analysis was performed. The results indicate that the most important contributions to the overall surface are from H⋯H (43%), C⋯H (18%), O⋯H (17%) and N⋯H (6%), interactions.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hui C, Antonchick AP. Iodonitrene: a direct metal-free electrophilic aminating reagent. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00739h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodonitrene is a new type of reactive electrophilic aminating reagent that opens up opportunities for new discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunngai Hui
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
- Nottingham Trent University, School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Natural products have significant biological properties that arise from their fascinating molecular architectures. Despite many advances in synthetic method development, the efficient synthesis of highly-functionalized and structurally intricate natural products...
Collapse
|
47
|
Skeletal contraction: A novel strategy to access multisubstituted cyclobutane. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|