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Lu F, Li L, Zhang M, Yu C, Pan Y, Cheng F, Hu W, Lu X, Wang Q, Fan Q. Confined semiconducting polymers with boosted NIR light-triggered H 2O 2 production for hypoxia-tolerant persistent photodynamic therapy. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12086-12097. [PMID: 39092116 PMCID: PMC11290442 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia featured in malignant tumors and the short lifespan of photo-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two major issues that limit the efficiency of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in oncotherapy. Developing efficient type-I photosensitizers with long-term ˙OH generation ability provides a possible solution. Herein, a semiconducting polymer-based photosensitizer PCPDTBT was found to generate 1O2, ˙OH, and H2O2 through type-I/II PDT paths. After encapsulation within a mesoporous silica matrix, the NIR-II fluorescence and ROS generation are enhanced by 3-4 times compared with the traditional phase transfer method, which can be attributed to the excited-state lifetime being prolonged by one order of magnitude, resulting from restricted nonradiative decay channels, as confirmed by femtosecond spectroscopy. Notably, H2O2 production reaches 15.8 μM min-1 under a 730 nm laser (80 mW cm-2). Further adsorption of Fe2+ ions on mesoporous silica not only improves the loading capacity of the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin but also triggers a Fenton reaction with photo-generated H2O2 in situ to produce ˙OH continuously after the termination of laser irradiation. Thus, semiconducting polymer-based nanocomposites enables NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided persistent PDT under hypoxic conditions. This work provides a promising paradigm to fabricate persistent photodynamic therapy platforms for hypoxia-tolerant phototheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chengwu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yonghui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
- Zhengzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 China
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Zhang Z, Xu C, Sun Q, Zhu Y, Yan W, Cai G, Li Y, Si W, Lu X, Xu W, Yang Y, Lin Y. Delocalizing Excitation for Highly-Active Organic Photovoltaic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402343. [PMID: 38639055 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Localized excitation in traditional organic photocatalysts typically prevents the generation and extraction of photo-induced free charge carriers, limiting their activity enhancement under illumination. Here, we enhance delocalized photoexcitation of small molecular photovoltaic catalysts by weakening their electron-phonon coupling via rational fluoro-substitution. The optimized 2FBP-4F catalyst we develop here exhibits a minimized Huang-Rhys factor of 0.35 in solution, high dielectric constant and strong crystallization in the solid state. As a result, the energy barrier for exciton dissociation is decreased, and more importantly, polarons are unusually observed in 2FBP-4F nanoparticles (NPs). With the increased hole transfer efficiency and prolonged charge carrier lifetime highly related to enhanced exciton delocalization, the PM6 : 2FBP-4F heterojunction NPs at varied concentration exhibit much higher optimized photocatalytic activity (207.6-561.8 mmol h-1 g-1) for hydrogen evolution than the control PM6 : BP-4F and PM6 : 2FBP-6F NPs, as well as other reported photocatalysts under simulated solar light (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chaoying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qianlu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenlong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Guilong Cai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqin Si
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Weigao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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3
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Mondal S, Krishna B, Roy S, Dey N. Discerning toxic nerve gas agents via a distinguishable 'turn-on' fluorescence response: multi-stimuli responsive quinoline derivatives in action. Analyst 2024; 149:3097-3107. [PMID: 38713504 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized quinoline derivatives that exhibit easy scalability and responsiveness to multiple stimuli. These derivatives are capable of forming self-assembled nanoscopic aggregates in an aqueous medium. Consequently, when placed in an aqueous environment, we observe dual fluorescence originating from both twisted intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation-induced emission. The introduction of nerve gas agents, such as diethyl chlorophosphate (DClP) or diethylcyanophosphate (DCNP), to the probe molecules facilitates the charge-transfer process, resulting in a red-shift in absorption maxima. Notably, when operating in fluorescence mode, both of these analytes produce distinct output signals, making them easily distinguishable. DCNP generates a blue fluorescence, while the addition of DClP yields cyan fluorescence. Our mechanistic investigation reveals that the initial step involves phosphorylation of the quinoline nitrogen end. However, in the case of DCNP, the released cyanide ion subsequently attacks the carbonyl carbon centre, forming a cyanohydrin derivative. The response to these target analytes appears to be influenced by the nucleophilicity of the quinoline nitrogen end and the electrophilic nature of the carbonyl unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad-500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Bandarupalli Krishna
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad-500078, Telangana, India.
- Adama India Pvt. Ltd, Genome Valley, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sounak Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad-500078, Telangana, India.
- Materials Center for Sustainable Energy & Environment, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, 500078, India
| | - Nilanjan Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad-500078, Telangana, India.
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4
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Chen Q, Gu Y, Fu H, Luo R, Zhu D, Dong P, Ma J, Ju H, Lei J. Ultrastable Anion Radicals in Ligand-Dimerized Frameworks for Self-Accumulated Electrochemiluminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18194-18201. [PMID: 38532607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a light-emitting process that occurs via an annihilation reaction among energetic radical intermediates, whose stabilities determine the ECL efficiency. In this study, a ligand-dimerized metal-organic framework (MOF) with ultrastable anion radical is designed as an efficient nanoemitter for self-accumulated ECL. Due to the nonplanar structure of perylene diimide (PDI) derivate, two PDI ligands in the framework form a J-dimer unit with a vertical distance of ∼5.74 Å. In cathodic scanning, the ligand-dimerized MOF demonstrates three-step ECL emissions with a gradual increase in ECL intensity. Unlike the decrease in the PDI ligand, the self-accumulated ECL of the MOF was observed with 16.8-fold enhancement due to the excellent stability of radical intermediates in frameworks. Electron paramagnetic resonance demonstrated the ultrastability of free radicals in the designed frameworks, with 82.2% remaining even after one month of storage. Density functional theory calculations supported that PDI dimerization was energetically favorable upon successive electron injection. Moreover, the ECL wavelength is 610 nm, corresponding to the emission of excited dimers. The radical-stabilized reticular nanoemitters open up a new platform for decoding the fundamentals of self-accumulated ECL systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haomin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Rengan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Da Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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5
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Fang L, Huang R, Gong W, Ji Y, Sun Y, Gou S, Zhao J. A Self-Assembly-Induced Exciton Delocalization Strategy for Converting a Perylene Diimide Derivative from a Type-II to Type-I Photosensitizer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307414. [PMID: 37940626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Type-I photosensitizers have shown advantages in addressing the shortcomings of traditional oxygen-dependent type-II photosensitizers for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of hypoxic tumors. However, developing type-I photosensitizers is yet a huge challenge because the type-II energy transfer process is much faster than the type-I electron transfer process. Herein, from the fundamental point of view, an effective approach is proposed to improve the electron transfer efficiency of the photosensitizer by lowering the internal reorganization energy and exciton binding energy via self-assembly-induced exciton delocalization. An example proof is presented by the design of a perylene diimide (PDI)-based photosensitizer (PDIMp) that can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) via a type-II energy transfer process in the monomeric state, but induce the generation of superoxide anion (O2˙-) via a type-I electron transfer process in the aggregated state. Significantly, with the addition ofcucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]), the self-assembled PDIMp can convert back to the monomeric state via host-guest complexation and consequently recover the generation of 1O2. The biological evaluations reveal that supramolecular nanoparticles (PDIMp-NPs) derived from PDIMp show superior phototherapeutic performance via synergistic type-I PDT and mild photothermal therapy (PTT) against cancer under either normoxia or hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Wenqi Gong
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yuanhui Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research and Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institution, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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6
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Hu X, Zhu C, Sun F, Chen Z, Zou J, Chen X, Yang Z. J-Aggregation Strategy toward Potentiated NIR-II Fluorescence Bioimaging of Molecular Fluorophores. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304848. [PMID: 37526997 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular fluorophores emitting in the second near-infrared (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) window with strong optical harvesting and high quantum yields hold great potential for in vivo deep-tissue bioimaging and high-resolution biosensing. Recently, J-aggregates are harnessed to engineer long-wavelength NIR-II emitters and show unique superiority in tumor detection, vessel mapping, surgical navigation, and phototheranostics due to their bathochromic-shifted optical bands in the required slip-stacked arrangement aggregation state. However, despite the preliminary progress of NIR-II J-aggregates and theoretical study of structure-property relationships, further paradigms of NIR-II J-aggregates remain scarce due to the lack of study on aggregated fluorophores with slip-stacked fashion. In this effort, how to utilize the specific molecular structure to form slip-stacked packing motifs with J-type aggregated exciton coupling is emphatically elucidated. First, several molecular regulating strategies to achieve NIR-II J-aggregates containing intermolecular interactions and external conditions are positively summarized and deeply analyzed. Then, the recent reports on J-aggregates for NIR-II bioimaging and theranostics are systematically summarized to provide a clear reference and direction for promoting the development of NIR-II organic fluorophores. Eventually, the prospective efforts on ameliorating and promoting NIR-II J-aggregates to further clinical practices are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Caijun Zhu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Fengwei Sun
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Zejing Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jianhua Zou
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR) 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zhen Yang
- Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
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Li J, Liu L, Tang X, Bai X, Liu Y, Wang D, Tao S, Liu R, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Reversible 3D Coalesce via Interlocked Skeleton-Pore Actions and Impacts on π Electronic Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26383-26392. [PMID: 37983008 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) create extended two-dimensional (2D) skeletons and aligned one-dimensional (1D) channels, constituting a class of novel π architectures with predesignable structural ordering. A distinct feature is that stacks of π building units in skeletons shape the pore walls, onto which a diversity of different units can be assembled to form various pore interfaces, opening a great potential to trigger a strong structural correlation between the skeleton and the pore. However, such a possibility has not yet been explored. Herein, we report reversible three-dimensional (3D) coalescence and interlocked actions between the skeleton and pore in COFs by controlling hydrogen-bonding networks in the pores. Introducing carboxylic acid units to the pore walls develops COFs that can confine water molecular networks, which are locked by the surface carboxylic acid units on the pore walls via multipoint, multichain, and multidirectional hydrogen-bonding interactions. As a result, the skeleton undergoes an interlocked action with pores to shrink over the x-y plane and to stack closer along the z direction upon water uptake. Remarkably, this interlocked action between the skeleton and pore is reversibly driven by water adsorption and desorption and triggers profound effects on π electronic structures and functions, including band gap, light absorption, and emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 03006, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 03006, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Centre, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xi Bai
- Pharmaceutical Department, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China
| | - Yukun Liu
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 03006, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Institute of Crystalline Materials, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 03006, China
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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8
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Wang Y, Ren J, Shuai Z. Minimizing non-radiative decay in molecular aggregates through control of excitonic coupling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5056. [PMID: 37598183 PMCID: PMC10439946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely known "Energy Gap Law" (EGL) predicts a monotonically exponential increase in the non-radiative decay rate (knr) as the energy gap narrows, which hinders the development of near-infrared (NIR) emissive molecular materials. Recently, several experiments proposed that the exciton delocalization in molecular aggregates could counteract EGL to facilitate NIR emission. In this work, the nearly exact time-dependent density matrix renormalization group (TD-DMRG) method is developed to evaluate the non-radiative decay rate for exciton-phonon coupled molecular aggregates. Systematical numerical simulations show, by increasing the excitonic coupling, knr will first decrease, then reach a minimum, and finally start to increase to follow EGL, which is an overall result of two opposite effects of a smaller energy gap and a smaller effective electron-phonon coupling. This anomalous non-monotonic behavior is found robust in a number of models, including dimer, one-dimensional chain, and two-dimensional square lattice. The optimal excitonic coupling strength that gives the minimum knr is about half of the monomer reorganization energy and is also influenced by system size, dimensionality, and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanheng Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Mahlmeister B, Schembri T, Stepanenko V, Shoyama K, Stolte M, Würthner F. Enantiopure J-Aggregate of Quaterrylene Bisimides for Strong Chiroptical NIR-Response. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37285519 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be tailored for next-generation photonic materials by carefully designing their molecular as well as supramolecular architectures. Hence, excitonic coupling can boost the chiroptical response in extended aggregates but is still challenging to achieve by pure self-assembly. Whereas most reports on these potential materials cover the UV and visible spectral range, systems in the near infrared (NIR) are underdeveloped. We report a new quaterrylene bisimide derivative with a conformationally stable twisted π-backbone enabled by the sterical congestion of a fourfold bay-arylation. Rendering the π-subplanes accessible by small imide substituents allows for a slip-stacked chiral arrangement by kinetic self-assembly in low polarity solvents. The well dispersed solid-state aggregate reveals a sharp optical signature of strong J-type excitonic coupling in both absorption (897 nm) and emission (912 nm) far in the NIR region and reaches absorption dissymmetry factors up to 1.1 × 10-2. The structural elucidation was achieved by atomic force microscopy and single-crystal X-ray analysis which we combined to derive a structural model of a fourfold stranded enantiopure superhelix. We could deduce that the role of phenyl substituents is not only granting stable axial chirality but also guiding the chromophore into a chiral supramolecular arrangement needed for strong excitonic chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Mahlmeister
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Schembri
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) & Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Bertocchi F, Delledonne A, Vargas-Nadal G, Terenziani F, Painelli A, Sissa C. Aggregates of Cyanine Dyes: When Molecular Vibrations and Electrostatic Screening Make the Difference. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:10185-10196. [PMID: 37284292 PMCID: PMC10240496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aggregates of cyanine dyes are currently investigated as promising materials for advanced electronic and photonic applications. The spectral properties of aggregates of cyanine dyes can be tuned by altering the supramolecular packing, which is affected by the length of the dye, the presence of alkyl chains, or the nature of the counterions. In this work, we present a joint experimental and theoretical study of a family of cyanine dyes forming aggregates of different types according to the length of the polymethinic chain. Linear and nonlinear optical spectra of aggregates are rationalized here in terms of an essential-state model accounting for intermolecular interactions together with the molecular polarizability and vibronic coupling. A strategy is implemented to properly account for screening effects, distinguishing between electrostatic intermolecular interactions relevant to the ground state (mean-field effect) and the interactions relevant to the excited states (excitonic effects). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to simulate nonlinear spectral properties of aggregates of symmetric dyes accounting for molecular vibrations.
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11
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Luo T, Wang Y, Hao J, Chen PA, Hu Y, Chen B, Zhang J, Yang K, Zeng Z. Furan-Extended Helical Rylenes with Fjord Edge Topology and Tunable Optoelectronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214653. [PMID: 36470852 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lateral furan-expansion of polycyclic aromatics, which enables multiple O-doping and peripheral edge evolution of rylenes, is developed for the first time. Tetrafuranylperylene TPF-4CN and octafuranylquaterrylene OFQ-8CN were prepared as model compounds bearing unique fjord edge topology and helical conformations. Compared to TPF-4CN, the higher congener OFQ-8CN displays a largely red-shifted (≈333 nm) and intensified absorption band (λmax =829 nm) as well as a narrowed electrochemical band gap (≈1.08 eV) due to its pronounced π-delocalization and emerging of open-shell diradicaloid upon the increase of fjord edge length. Moreover, strong circular dichroism signals in a broad range until 900 nm are observed for open-shell chiral OFQ-8CN, owing to the excellent conformational stability of its central bis(tetraoxa[5]helicene) fragments. Our studies provide insights into the relationships between edge topologies and (chir)optoelectronic properties for this novel type of O-doped PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Luo
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiahang Hao
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ping-An Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230039, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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12
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Shi W, Wei R, Zhang D, Meng L, Xie J, Cai K, Zhao D. Dual Cooperatively Grown J‐aggregates with Different Nucleus Size. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208635. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Rong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Linghao Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Chemistry Center for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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13
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Photoluminescence mechanisms of red-emissive carbon dots derived from non-conjugated molecules. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1450-1457. [PMID: 36546188 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) have been widely studied because of their potential application in tissue imaging and optoelectronic devices. At present, most R-CDs are synthesized by using aromatic precursors, but the synthesis of R-CDs from non-aromatic precursors is challenging, and the emission mechanism remains unclear. Herein, different R-CDs were rationally synthesized using citric acid (CA), a prototype non-aromatic precursor, with the assistance of ammonia. Their structural evolution and optical mechanism were investigated. The addition of NH3·H2O played a key role in the synthesis of CA-based R-CDs, which shifted the emission wavelength of CA-based CDs from 423 to 667 nm. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis indicated that the amino groups served as N dopants and promoted the formation of localized conjugated domains through an intermolecular amide ring, thereby inducing a significant emission redshift. The red-emissive mechanism of CDs was further confirmed by control experiments using other CA-like molecules (e.g., aconitic acid, tartaric acid, aspartic acid, malic acid, and maleic acid) as precursors. MS, nuclear magnetic resonance characterization, and computational modeling revealed that the main carbon chain length of CA-like precursors tailored the cyclization mode, leading to hexatomic, pentatomic, unstable three/four-membered ring systems or cyclization failure. Among these systems, the hexatomic ring led to the largest emission redshift (244 nm, known for CA-based CDs). This work determined the origin of red emission in CA-based CDs, which would guide research on the controlled synthesis of R-CDs from other non-aromatic precursors.
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14
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Singh Mehra K, Jha S, Bhandary S, Mandal D, Mishra R, Sankar J. Bridging the Bays, Both Ways: A Janus Butterfly‐Shaped Intense NIR‐Emitting Terrylene Diimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205600. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Singh Mehra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal) Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal 462066 India
| | - Shivangee Jha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal) Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal 462066 India
| | | | - Dipendranath Mandal
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, (IISER Bhopal) Bhopal 462066 India
| | - Ruchika Mishra
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal) Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal 462066 India
| | - Jeyaraman Sankar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal) Bhopal Bypass Road Bhopal 462066 India
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15
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Tu C, Wu W, Liang W, Zhang D, Xu W, Wan S, Lu W, Yang C. Host-Guest Complexation-Induced Aggregation Based on Pyrene-Modified Cyclodextrins for Improved Electronic Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203541. [PMID: 35499863 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several γ-cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives mono- or di-substituted by pyrenes at the primary rim of the CD were demonstrated to aggregate into nano-strips in aqueous solutions, with the pyrene moieties interpenetrating into γ-CD cavities. The hydrophobic complexation-induced aggregation provides a rigid chiral environment for the pyrenes and leads to significant electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activities, giving unprecedently high gabs and glum values up to 4.3×10-2 and 5.3×10-2 , respectively. The aggregates lead to excimer emission with high quantum yields and show BCPL and Bi CPL up to 338. 6 M-1 cm-1 and 169.3 M-1 cm-1 , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Dongjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Shigang Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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16
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Shi W, Wei R, Zhang D, Meng L, Xie J, Cai K, Zhao D. Dual Cooperatively Grown J‐aggregates with Different Nucleus Size. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Shi
- Peking University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Rong Wei
- Peking University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Di Zhang
- Peking University college of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Jiajun Xie
- Peking University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Kang Cai
- Nankai University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Peking University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering College of ChemistryPeking University 100871 Beijing CHINA
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17
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Wang B, Wei Z, Sui L, Yu J, Zhang B, Wang X, Feng S, Song H, Yong X, Tian Y, Yang B, Lu S. Electron-phonon coupling-assisted universal red luminescence of o-phenylenediamine-based carbon dots. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:172. [PMID: 35668065 PMCID: PMC9170735 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complex core-shell structure and variety of surface functional groups, the photoluminescence (PL) mechanism of carbon dots (CDs) remain unclear. o-Phenylenediamine (oPD), as one of the most common precursors for preparing red emissive CDs, has been extensively studied. Interestingly, most of the red emission CDs based on oPD have similar PL emission characteristics. Herein, we prepared six different oPD-based CDs and found that they had almost the same PL emission and absorption spectra after purification. Structural and spectral characterization indicated that they had similar carbon core structures but different surface polymer shells. Furthermore, single-molecule PL spectroscopy confirmed that the multi-modal emission of those CDs originated from the transitions of different vibrational energy levels of the same PL center in the carbon core. In addition, the phenomenon of "spectral splitting" of single-particle CDs was observed at low temperature, which confirmed these oPD-based CDs were unique materials with properties of both organic molecules and quantum dots. Finally, theoretical calculations revealed their potential polymerization mode and carbon core structure. Moreover, we proposed the PL mechanism of red-emitting CDs based on oPD precursors; that is, the carbon core regulates the PL emission, and the polymer shell regulates the PL intensity. Our work resolves the controversy on the PL mechanism of oPD-based red CDs. These findings provide a general guide for the mechanism exploration and structural analysis of other types of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Laizhi Sui
- State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Jingkun Yu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baowei Zhang
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Feng
- School of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.
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18
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Patalag LJ, Hoche J, Mitric R, Werz DB, Feringa BL. Transforming Dyes into Fluorophores: Exciton‐Induced Emission with Chain‐like Oligo‐BODIPY Superstructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116834. [PMID: 35244983 PMCID: PMC9310714 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a systematic study demonstrating to which extent exciton formation can amplify fluorescence based on a series of ethylene‐bridged oligo‐BODIPYs. A set of non‐ and weakly fluorescent BODIPY motifs was selected and transformed into discrete, chain‐like oligomers by linkage via a flexible ethylene tether. The prepared superstructures constitute excitonically active entities with non‐conjugated, Coulomb‐coupled oscillators. The non‐radiative deactivation channels of Internal Conversion (IC), also combined with an upstream reductive Photoelectron Transfer (rPET) and Intersystem Crossing (ISC) were addressed at the monomeric state and the evolution of fluorescence and (non‐)radiative decay rates studied along the oligomeric series. We demonstrate that a “masked” fluorescence can be fully reactivated irrespective of the imposed conformational rigidity. This work challenges the paradigm that a collective fluorescence enhancement is limited to sterically induced motional restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Patalag
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Joscha Hoche
- Universität Würzburg Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Universität Würzburg Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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19
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Roy R, Khan A, Dutta T, Koner AL. Red to NIR-emissive anthracene-conjugated PMI dyes with dual functions: singlet-oxygen response and lipid-droplet imaging. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5352-5363. [PMID: 35583595 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00349j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rich chemistry of solution-processable red and near-infrared (NIR) organic emitters has emerged as an attractive and progressive research field because of their particular applications in organic optoelectronics and bioimaging. Also, one can see that the research area of perylene monoimide-based red and NIR-emissive fluorophores is underexplored, which prompted us to design and synthesize three anthracene-conjugated PMI dyes exhibiting strong emission in the red and NIR window in solution. Three PMI-based fluorophores were synthesized via conjoining anthracene and donor moieties (-Ph, -N,N-PhNMe2) with a PMI core via an acetylene linkage at the peri-position, which helped to attain extensive electronic conjugation, which was reflected in red and NIR-emission in solution. The key molecular features to be highlighted here are: all three dyes are strongly emissive in solution, as unveiled by the excellent absolute fluorescence QYs; and they possess tuneable emission properties, guided by the donor strength and a profound Stokes shift (100-200 nm). The three fluorescent dyes demonstrated appreciable singlet-oxygen (1O2) sensitivity when photoirradiated with methylene blue (MB) in solution, showing a substantial blue-shift in emission in a ratiometric manner. Further, the treatment of dye-MB solution with α-tocopherol (1O2 scavenger) validated the presence of 1O2 as the only oxidizing species generated by MB in solution. Computational investigations gave insight into the twisting of donor moieties in their ground-state optimized geometries, the modulation of the FMO energy gap, and the thermodynamic feasibility of the 1O2 reaction. Finally, via taking advantage of the red and NIR-emission, we successfully utilized one of the fluorophores as a lipid-droplet marker for bioimaging in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Aasif Khan
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Tanoy Dutta
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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20
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Tu C, Wu W, Liang W, Zhang D, Xu W, Wan S, Lu W, Yang C. Host–Guest Complexation‐Induced Aggregation Based on Pyrene‐Modified Cyclodextrins for Improved Electronic Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Tu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wenting Liang
- Department of Chemistry Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Dongjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Shigang Wan
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong, 518055 China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chemistry Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong, 518055 China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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21
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Sankar J, Mehra KS, Jha S, Bhandary S, Mandal D, mishra R. Bridging the Bays, Both Ways: A Janus Butterfly‐shaped Intense NIR‐Emitting Terrylene Diimide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyaraman Sankar
- IISERB: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Department of Chemistry Bhopal Bypass Road 462066 Bhopal INDIA
| | - Kundan Singh Mehra
- IISER Bhopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Chemistry INDIA
| | - Shivangee Jha
- IISER Bhopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Chemistry INDIA
| | | | - Dipendranath Mandal
- IISER Bhopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Physics INDIA
| | - Ruchika mishra
- IISER Bhopal: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Chemistry Bhopal Bypass Road 462066 bhopal INDIA
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22
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Waly SM, Karlsson JKG, Waddell PG, Benniston AC, Harriman A. Light-Harvesting Crystals Formed from BODIPY-Proline Biohybrid Conjugates: Antenna Effects and Excitonic Coupling. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1530-1541. [PMID: 35230124 PMCID: PMC9097531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivative
bearing a cis-proline residue at the meso-position crystallizes
in the form of platelets with strong (i.e., ΦF =
0.34) red fluorescence, but the absorption and emission spectra differ
markedly from those for dilute solutions. A key building block for
the crystal is a pseudo-dimer where hydrogen bonding
aligns the proline groups and separates the terminal chromophores
by ca. 25 Å. Comparison with a covalently linked bichromophore
suggests that one-dimensional (1D) excitonic coupling between the
terminals is too small to perturb the optical properties. However,
accretion of the pseudo-dimer forms narrow channels
possessing a high density of chromophores. The resultant absorption
spectrum exhibits strong excitonic splitting, which can be explained
quantitatively using the extended dipole approach and allowing for
coupling between ca. 30 BODIPY units. Fluorescence, which decays with
a lifetime of 2.2 ns, is assigned to a delocalized and (slightly)
super-radiant BODIPY dimer situated at the interface and populated
via electronic energy transfer from the interior.
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23
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Patalag LJ, Hoche J, Mitric R, Werz DB, Feringa BL. Transforming Dyes Into Fluorophores: Exciton‐Induced Emission with Chain‐like Oligo‐BODIPY Superstructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Patalag
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Joscha Hoche
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Roland Mitric
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- TU Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig Institute for Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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