1
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Zeng L, Kang D, Zhu L, Zhou Z, Li Y, Ling W, Zhang Y, Yu DG, Kim I, Song W. Poly(phenylalanine) and poly(3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine): Promising biomedical materials for building stimuli-responsive nanocarriers. J Control Release 2024; 372:810-828. [PMID: 38968969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious threat to human health because of its high annual mortality rate. It has attracted significant attention in healthcare, and identifying effective strategies for the treatment and relief of cancer pain requires urgency. Drug delivery systems (DDSs) offer the advantages of excellent efficacy, low cost, and low toxicity for targeting drugs to tumor sites. In recent decades, copolymer carriers based on poly(phenylalanine) (PPhe) and poly(3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine) (PDopa) have been extensively investigated owing to their good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and controllable stimulus responsiveness, which have resulted in DDSs with loading and targeted delivery capabilities. In this review, we introduce the synthesis of PPhe and PDopa, highlighting the latest proposed synthetic routes and comparing the differences in drug delivery between PPhe and PDopa. Subsequently, we summarize the various applications of PPhe and PDopa in nanoscale-targeted DDSs, providing a comprehensive analysis of the drug release behavior based on different stimulus-responsive carriers using these two materials. In the end, we discuss the challenges and prospects of polypeptide-based DDSs in the field of cancer therapy, aiming to promote their further development to meet the growing demands for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingcong Zeng
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Dandan Kang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Linglin Zhu
- Oncology Department of Huadong Hospital, Minimally Invasive Tumor Treatment Center, No. 139 Yan'an West Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China 200040
| | - Zunkang Zhou
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Yichong Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Wei Ling
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, PR China
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenliang Song
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, PR China.
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2
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Jin Z, Yim W, Retout M, Housel E, Zhong W, Zhou J, Strano MS, Jokerst JV. Colorimetric sensing for translational applications: from colorants to mechanisms. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7681-7741. [PMID: 38835195 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Colorimetric sensing offers instant reporting via visible signals. Versus labor-intensive and instrument-dependent detection methods, colorimetric sensors present advantages including short acquisition time, high throughput screening, low cost, portability, and a user-friendly approach. These advantages have driven substantial growth in colorimetric sensors, particularly in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Rapid progress in nanotechnology, materials science, microfluidics technology, biomarker discovery, digital technology, and signal pattern analysis has led to a variety of colorimetric reagents and detection mechanisms, which are fundamental to advance colorimetric sensing applications. This review first summarizes the basic components (e.g., color reagents, recognition interactions, and sampling procedures) in the design of a colorimetric sensing system. It then presents the rationale design and typical examples of POC devices, e.g., lateral flow devices, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, and wearable sensing devices. Two highlighted colorimetric formats are discussed: combinational and activatable systems based on the sensor-array and lock-and-key mechanisms, respectively. Case discussions in colorimetric assays are organized by the analyte identities. Finally, the review presents challenges and perspectives for the design and development of colorimetric detection schemes as well as applications. The goal of this review is to provide a foundational resource for developing colorimetric systems and underscoring the colorants and mechanisms that facilitate the continuing evolution of POC sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maurice Retout
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Emily Housel
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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3
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Gao L, Kou D, Lin R, Ma W, Zhang S. Ultrathin photonic crystal based on photo-crosslinked polymer and metal-organic framework for highly sensitive detection and discrimination of benzene series vapors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 666:572-584. [PMID: 38613979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have always been a major concern as a global environmental problem. As a low-cost, high-efficiency and visual sensor, photonic crystals (PCs) have been actively studied in VOCs detection. Herein, a one-dimensional PC sensor for visual sensing of highly toxic benzene series VOC vapors is prepared for the first time by integrating a new photo-crosslinked polymer-poly(styrene-benzoylphenyl acrylate) P(St-BPA) and a high specific surface area metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-101(Cr). The PC can detect VOCs quantitatively and visually, and clearly distinguish 7 benzene series vapors. The detection limit of the benzene series VOCs is as low as 0.06-3.45 g/m3. Meanwhile, owing to the ultra-thin layer and porous structure, the PC can reach a response equilibrium to the VOCs within 1-2.6 s. Moreover, the PC has a good organic vapor tolerance and can maintain stable optical performance after 1000 times of reuse in VOCs. Besides, 4 other PCs assembled with different aryl polymers and MOFs are first fabricated and their sensing performance to benzene series VOCs are studied and compared, which provides a valuable reference for the selection of materials for the preparation of such PC sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Donghui Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Ruicheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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4
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Yuan H, Qi Y, Niu W, Ma W, Zhang S. Bioinspired Colorimetric Double Inverse Opal Photonic Crystal Indicators for Ethanol Concentration Sensing in Fermentation Engineering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:11184-11195. [PMID: 38748593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Photonic crystal-based ethanol concentration indicators with rapid response and brilliant structural color output definitely take a place in colorimetric sensors. Here, based on the H-bond-regulated swelling of acrylate shape memory polymers (SMPs) and the solvent-induced structural color change of the double inverse opal photonic crystals (DIOPCs), new-type photonic crystals (PCs) colorimetric indicators were constructed, exhibiting a span of maximum reflection wavelength (λmax) up to ∼166 nm in response to alcohols with concentrations from 0 to 100 vol %. DIOPC indicators (DIOPCIs) show a rapid response to alcohols (<1.5 s) and output different structural colors (covering from blue to red). The colorimetric sensing mechanism includes the solvent-triggered recovery of the inverse opal skeleton, the cosolvency effect and H-bonds induced swelling/shrinkage of the polymer, the phase separation between polystyrene (PS) microsphere and polymer skeleton, and the light diffraction of DIOPCs. While ensuring a larger λmax span by regulating the H-bond interactions in polymer chains through acrylamide (AAm), AAm-modified DIOPCIs are sensitive to some specific ethanol concentrations. The real-time sensing of ethanol concentration during fermentation verified the practicability of DIOPCIs, thus establishing a visual model between structural color and corresponding fermentation kinetics. We envisage that the DIOPCIs will contribute to the intelligentization of the alcoholic fermentation and distillation industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenbin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Li M, Peng B, Lyu Q, Chen X, Hu Z, Zhang X, Xiong B, Zhang L, Zhu J. Scalable production of structurally colored composite films by shearing supramolecular composites of polymers and colloids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1874. [PMID: 38424168 PMCID: PMC10904808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Structurally colored composite films, composed of orderly arranged colloids in polymeric matrix, are emerging flexible optical materials, but their production is bottlenecked by time-consuming procedures and limited material choices. Here, we present a mild approach to producing large-scale structurally colored composite films by shearing supramolecular composites composed of polymers and colloids with supramolecular interactions. Leveraging dynamic connection and dissociation of supramolecular interactions, shearing force stretches the polymer chains and drags colloids to migrate directionally within the polymeric matrix with reduced viscous resistance. We show that meter-scale structurally colored composite films with iridescence color can be produced within several minutes at room temperature. Significantly, the tunability and diversity of supramolecular interactions allow this shearing approach extendable to various commonly-used polymers. This study overcomes the traditional material limitations of manufacturing structurally colored composite films by shearing method and opens an avenue for mildly producing ordered composites with commonly-available materials via supramolecular strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bolun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Quanqian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bijin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lianbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Jintao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
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6
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Hu Y, Tian Z, Ma D, Qi C, Yang D, Huang S. Smart colloidal photonic crystal sensors. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 324:103089. [PMID: 38306849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Smart colloidal photonic crystals (PCs) with stimuli-responsive periodic micro/nano-structures, photonic bandgaps, and structural colors have shown unique advantages (high sensitivity, visual readout, wireless characteristics, etc.) in sensing by outputting diverse structural colors and reflection signals. In this review, smart PC sensors are summarized according to their fabrications, structures, sensing mechanisms, and applications. The fabrications of colloidal PCs are mainly by self-assembling the well-defined nanoparticles into the periodical structure (supersaturation-, polymerization-, evaporation-, shear-, interaction-, and field-induced self-assembly process). Their structures can be divided into two groups: closely packed and non-closely packed nano-structures. The sensing mechanisms can be explained by Bragg's law, including the change in the effective refractive index, lattice constant, and the order degree. The sensing applications are detailly introduced according to the analytes of the target, including solvents, vapors, humidity, mechanical force, temperature, electrical field, magnetic field, pH, ions/molecules, and so on. Finally, the corresponding challenges and the future potential prospects of artificial smart colloidal PCs in the sensing field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ziqiang Tian
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Dekun Ma
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Chenze Qi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Dongpeng Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Shaoming Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China..
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7
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Hu C, Zhou J, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Xie C, Yin W, Xie J, Li H, Xu X, Zhao L, Qin M, Li J. A structural color hydrogel for diagnosis of halitosis and screening of periodontitis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:519-530. [PMID: 37982193 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01563g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Oral pathogens can produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), which is the main reason for halitosis and indicates the risk of periodontitis. High-sensitivity detection of exhaled VSCs is urgently desired for promoting the point-of-care testing (POCT) of halitosis and screening of periodontitis. However, current detection methods often require bulky and costly instruments, as well as professional training, making them impractical for widespread detection. Here, a structural color hydrogel for naked-eye detection of exhaled VSCs is presented. VSCs can reduce disulfide bonds within the network, leading to expansion of the hydrogel and thus change of the structural color. A linear detection range of 0-1 ppm with a detection limit of 61 ppb can be achieved, covering the typical VSC concentration in the breath of patients with periodontitis. Furthermore, visual and in situ monitoring of Porphyromonas gingivalis responsible for periodontitis can be realized. By integrating the hydrogels into a sensor array, the oral health conditions of patients with halitosis can be evaluated and distinguished, offering risk assessment of periodontitis. Combined with a smartphone capable of color analysis, POCT of VSCs can be achieved, providing an approach for the monitoring of halitosis and screening of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshun Hu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jieyu Zhou
- West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yonghang Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunyu Xie
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Yin
- West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Huiying Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Department of Periodontics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Wang Z, Zhang S, Tang B. Large-Area Rewritable Paper Based on Polyurethane Inverse Photonic Glass with Durable High-Resolution Information Storage and Structural Stability. ACS NANO 2024; 18:186-198. [PMID: 38126306 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
To alleviate the negative effects of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by the excessive use of paper, technologies for rewritable paper have received widespread attention and in-depth research. Despite the growing interest in rewritable paper, meeting the requirements of large-scale preparation, long-lasting information storage time, high reversibility, and good environmental stability remains a huge challenge for this technology. This study developed a solvent-responsive copolymerized polyurethane-based rewritable paper with an inverse photonic glass structure (co-PUIPG paper). Comprehensive writing modes, including handwriting, spraying, and printing, were realized by using the swelling effect of different solvents and the local force field formed by capillary force to control the deformation degree of the inverse photonic glass structure. Co-PUIPG paper can persistently store high-resolution information and has a green and environmentally friendly "write-erase" method. Meanwhile, it exhibits good rewritability, as well as high mechanical strength and exceptional resistance to environmental factors, such as friction, high temperature, and sunlight. Because the spraying method can prepare templates quickly and extensively and polyurethane materials are economical, co-PUIPG rewritable paper possesses great potential as a substitute for commercial fiber paper and its industrialization is full of great possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingtao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Wang X, Wang Y, Hu M, Liu G, Chai L, Zhou L, Shao J, Li Y. Bionic Structural Coloration of Textiles Using the Synthetically Prepared Liquid Photonic Crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2302550. [PMID: 37726238 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The structural coloration of textiles with bionic photonic crystals (PCs) is expected to become a critical approach to the ecological coloration of textiles. Rapid and large-area preparation of PC structurally colored textiles can be achieved via self-assembly of high mass fractions of liquid photonic crystals (LPCs). However, the rapid and large-scale manufacturing of LPCs remains a challenge. In this work, the pH regulator is added in the process of emulsion polymerization to solve the problem of phase transformation caused by the thermal decomposition of the initiator to produce H+ , directly achieving 40 wt.% PS nanospheres in the dispersion. Then oligomers and small-molecule salts are removed from the system via dialysis, and the pre-crystallized LPC system is efficiently prepared. Adjusting the particle size and the mass fraction of nanospheres is shown to be an efficient way to control the optical properties of LPCs. The rapid and large-area preparation of PC structural color fabric and the patterned PC structural color fabric with an iridescent effect is implemented by using LPCs as the assembly intermediate. By constructing the encapsulation layer on the surface of the PC structural color fabric, the consistency of high structural stability and high color saturation of the PC is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Mingan Hu
- Haining Green-Gard Textile Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, 314408, China
| | - Guojin Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Liqin Chai
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- School of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215127, China
- National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology, Taian, 271000, China
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10
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Duan J, Cui L, Li M, Fan W, Sui K. Biomimetic 3D Color-Changing Hydrogel Actuators Constructed Based on Soft Permeable Photonic Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:54018-54026. [PMID: 37957821 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The integration of photonic crystals and self-shaping actuators is a promising method for constructing powerful biomimetic color-changing actuators. The major barrier is that common photonic crystals generally block the transfer/orientation of monomers/fillers and hence hinder the formation of heterogeneous structures for programmed 3D deformations as well as degrade the deformation capacity and mechanical properties of actuators. Herein, we present the construction of complex and strong 3D color-changing hydrogel actuators by asymmetric photolithography based on soft, permeable photonic crystals. The soft permeable photonic crystals are assembled by hydrogel microspheres with an ultralow volume fraction. During the asymmetric photolithography, the monomers in precursor solutions can thus transfer freely to generate heterogeneous microstructures, spatially patterned internal stresses, and interpenetrating networks for programming the deformation trajectories and initial 3D configurations and enhancing mechanical properties of actuators. Various 3D color-changing hydrogel actuators (e.g., flower and scroll painting) are constructed for applications such as information encryption and display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
| | - Kunyan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Biobased Fibers and Ecological textiles, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P.R. China
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Chen J, Song G, Cong S, Zhao Z. Resonant-Cavity-Enhanced Electrochromic Materials and Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300179. [PMID: 36929668 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With rapid advances in optoelectronics, electrochromic materials and devices have received tremendous attentions from both industry and academia for their strong potentials in wearable and portable electronics, displays/billboards, adaptive camouflage, tunable optics, and intelligent devices, etc. However, conventional electrochromic materials and devices typically present some serious limitations such as undesirable dull colors, and long switching time, hindering their deeper development. Optical resonators have been proven to be the most powerful platform for providing strong optical confinement and controllable lightmatter interactions. They generate locally enhanced electromagnetic near-fields that can convert small refractive index changes in electrochromic materials into high-contrast color variations, enabling multicolor or even panchromatic tuning of electrochromic materials. Here, resonant-cavity-enhanced electrochromic materials and devices, an advanced and emerging trend in electrochromics, are reviewed. In this review, w e will focus on the progress in multicolor electrochromic materials and devices based on different types of optical resonators and their advanced and emerging applications, including multichromatic displays, adaptive visible camouflage, visualized energy storage, and applications of multispectral tunability. Among these topics, principles of optical resonators, related materials/devices and multicolor electrochromic properties are comprehensively discussed and summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects for resonant-cavity-enhanced electrochromic materials and devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ge Song
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shan Cong
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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12
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Li DY, Wang W, Chu LY, Deng NN. Tunable Structural Coloration in Eccentric Water-in-Oil-in-Water Droplets. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9657-9663. [PMID: 37548909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Structural colors show diverse advantages such as fade resistance, eco-friendliness, iridescence, and high saturation in comparison with chemical pigments. In this paper, we show tunable structural coloration in colorless water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion droplets via total internal reflection and interference at the microscale concave interfaces. Through experimental work and simulations, we demonstrate that the shell thickness and the eccentricity of the core-shell structures are key to the successful formation of iridescent structural colors. Only eccentric thin-shell water-in-oil-in-water droplets show structural colors. Importantly, structural colors based on water-oil interfaces are readily responsive to a variety of environmental stimuli, such as osmotic pressure, temperature, magnetic fields, and light composition. This work highlights an alternative structural coloration that expands the applications of droplet-based structural colors to aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Nan-Nan Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China
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13
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Zhang X, Xu C, Gong X. Rewritable Structurally Colored Paper Based on Hollow SiO 2-Polyurethane Composite Photonic Crystal Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44589-44595. [PMID: 37698278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Rewritable paper, which can be used multiple times as an effective solution for sustainable development and lessen the heavy environment pollution, has received widespread attention. A photonic crystal with dye-free character and tunable structure color has attracted significant interest in this area. Generally, handwriting on the photonic crystal structure containing a responsive polymer or hydrogel ingredient was based on the change of lattice spacing. It is necessary to enrich the diversities of color adjustment mechanism for further application. Herein, a flexible rewritable photonic crystal structurally colored paper with excellent mechanical strength based on the hollow SiO2 (h-SiO2) particle and polyurethane was developed. Owning to the varied optical response of h-SiO2 photonic crystal film in different solvents, handwriting on this paper was realized by applying polarity solvents such as EG as colorless ink directly, which could also be erased by resoaking the film in water. Writing and erasing on this paper were totally reversible. The color adjustment mechanism and the realization of handwriting on this paper are totally different from those of the previous reported photonic crystal-based rewritable paper. The combination of quick handwriting and flexibility is significant for potential application as rewritable paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Chonglin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Xiu Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang 621000, China
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14
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Peng L, Hou L, Wu P. Synergetic Lithium and Hydrogen Bonds Endow Liquid-Free Photonic Ionic Elastomer with Mechanical Robustness and Electrical/Optical Dual-Output. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211342. [PMID: 36878193 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photonic ionic elastomers (PIEs) capable of multiple signal outputs are intriguing in flexible interactive electronics. However, fabricating PIEs with simultaneous mechanical robustness, good ionic conductivity, and brilliant structure color still remains challenging. Here, the limitations are broken through introducing the synergistic effect of lithium and hydrogen bonds into an elastomer. In virtue of lithium bonding between lithium ions and carbonyl groups in the polymer matrix as well as hydrogen bonding between silanol on the surface of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) and ether groups along polymer chains, the PIEs demonstrate mechanical strength up to 4.3 MPa and toughness up to 8.6 MJ m-3 . Meanwhile, the synchronous electrical and optical output under mechanical strains can be achieved in the PIEs with the presence of dissociated ions contributed by lithium bond and non-close-packed SiNPs stabilized by the hydrogen bond. Moreover, due to their liquid-free nature, the PIEs exhibit extraordinary stability and durability, which can withstand extreme conditions including both high and low temperatures as well as high humidity. This work provides a promising molecular engineering route to construct high-performance photonic ionic conductors toward advanced ionotronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
- National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, P. R. China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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15
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Zhang Z, Wei B, Yang D, Ma D, Huang S. Precisely sensing hydrofluoric acid by photonic crystal hydrogels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:314-322. [PMID: 36535167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It is a great challenge to detect hydrofluoric acid (HF) with high precision, good selectivity, and visual readouts characteristics. Herein, a new photonic crystal (PC) hydrogel HF sensor based on the "selective etching-induced swelling" mechanism has been developed. This HF sensor consisting of silica/water/hydroxyethyl acrylate and non-closely packed structures was fabricated through simple non-close-assembling, photopolymerization, and water swelling processes. Silica slightly etched by HF induces the swelling of PC hydrogel, leading to the variation of reflection wavelength and structural colors, thereby realizing visually and spectrally sensing HF (0-10 mM). The unique structure and compositions of PC hydrogel are the keys to the high sensing precision, outstanding selectivity, and low detection limit (0.1 mM). Furthermore, the sensor possesses tailorable, portable, easy-to-operation, and low-cost (<0.01 $/sensor) advantages. This work provides an efficient and convenient tool for sensing and recognizing HF in the aqueous solution for practical applications and upgrades the basic understanding of the photonic sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Zhang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Boru Wei
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Dongpeng Yang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Dekun Ma
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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16
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Liu B, Dong B, Xin C, Chen C, Zhang L, Wang D, Hu Y, Li J, Zhang L, Wu D, Chu J. 4D Direct Laser Writing of Submerged Structural Colors at the Microscale. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2204630. [PMID: 36382576 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic stimuli-responsive structure colors (SCs) can improve the visualization and identification in the micro functional structure field such as information encryption/decryption and smart actuators. However, it is still challenging to develop the ability to 4D print arbitrary submerged colorful patterns with stimuli-responsive materials at the microscale. Herein, a hydrogel photoresist with feature resolution (98 nm) for the fabrication of 4D microscopic SCs by the femtosecond direct laser writing method is developed. The 4D printed woodpile SCs are grouped as pixel palettes with various laser parameters and they spanned almost the entire color space. The coloring mechanism of diffraction gratings is not only investigated by optics microscopy and spectroscopy but also supported by simulation. Moreover, the 4D printed hydrogel-integrated amphichromatic fish constructions and pixelated painting can visually discolor reversibly by regulating the solution pH. This finding promises an ideal coloring method for sensors, anti-counterfeiting labels, and transformable photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingrui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Chen Xin
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Leran Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yanlei Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, P. R. China
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17
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Chen Y, Zuo ZH, Liu ZQ, Yin Y. Rapid Color-Switching of MnO 2 Hollow-Nanosphere Films in Dynamic Water Vapor for Reversible Optical Encryption. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204484. [PMID: 36310132 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drop-casting manganese oxide (MnO2 ) hollow nanospheres synthesized via a simple surface-initiated redox route produces thin films exhibiting angle-independent structural colors. The colors can rapidly change in response to high-humidity dynamic water vapor (relative humidity > 90%) with excellent reversibility. When the film is triggered by dynamic water vapor with a relative humidity of ≈100%, the color changes with an optimal wavelength redshift of ≈60 nm at ≈600 ms while there is no shift under static water vapor. The unique selective response originates from the nanoscale porosity formed in the shells by randomly stacked MnO2 nanosheets, which enhances the capillary condensation of dynamic water vapor and promotes the change of their effective refractive index for rapid color switching. The repeated color-switching tests over 100 times confirm the durability and reversibility of the MnO2 film. The potential of these films for applications in anti-counterfeiting and information encryption is further demonstrated by reversible encoding and decoding initiated exclusively by exposure to human breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Zhi-Han Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Qing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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18
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Xue P, Chen Y, Xu Y, Valenzuela C, Zhang X, Bisoyi HK, Yang X, Wang L, Xu X, Li Q. Bioinspired MXene-Based Soft Actuators Exhibiting Angle-Independent Structural Color. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 15:1. [PMID: 36441443 PMCID: PMC9705670 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In nature, many living organisms exhibiting unique structural coloration and soft-bodied actuation have inspired scientists to develop advanced structural colored soft actuators toward biomimetic soft robots. However, it is challenging to simultaneously biomimic the angle-independent structural color and shape-morphing capabilities found in the plum-throated cotinga flying bird. Herein, we report biomimetic MXene-based soft actuators with angle-independent structural color that are fabricated through controlled self-assembly of colloidal SiO2 nanoparticles onto highly aligned MXene films followed by vacuum-assisted infiltration of polyvinylidene fluoride into the interstices. The resulting soft actuators are found to exhibit brilliant, angle-independent structural color, as well as ultrafast actuation and recovery speeds (a maximum curvature of 0.52 mm-1 can be achieved within 1.16 s, and a recovery time of ~ 0.24 s) in response to acetone vapor. As proof-of-concept illustrations, structural colored soft actuators are applied to demonstrate a blue gripper-like bird's claw that can capture the target, artificial green tendrils that can twine around tree branches, and an artificial multicolored butterfly that can flutter its wings upon cyclic exposure to acetone vapor. The strategy is expected to offer new insights into the development of biomimetic multifunctional soft actuators for somatosensory soft robotics and next-generation intelligent machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Xu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, and Jiangsu Province Hi, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hari Krishna Bisoyi
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinhua Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quan Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, and Jiangsu Province Hi, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China.
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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