1
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Du L, Li X, Lu X, Guo Y. The synthesis strategies of covalent organic frameworks and advances in their application for adsorption of heavy metal and radionuclide. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173478. [PMID: 38815828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a novel type of porous materials, with unique properties, such as large specific surface areas, high porosity, pronounced crystallinity, tunable pore sizes, and easy functionalization, and thus have received considerable attention in recent years. COFs play an essential role in the catalytic degradation, adsorption, and separation of heavy metals, radionuclides. In recent years, considering several outstanding characteristics of COFs, including their good thermal/chemical stability, high crystallinity, and remarkable adsorption capacity, they have been widely used in the removal of various environment pollutants. This review primarily discusses the synthesis strategies of COFs along with their diverse synthesis methods, and provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of recent research advances in the use of COFs for removing heavy metal ions and radionuclides from water bodies. Additionally, the adsorption mechanism of COFs with regard to metal ions was determined by analyzing the structural characteristics of COFs. Finally, the future research directions on COFs adsorb rare earth element was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, CAS and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicines of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
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2
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Dong Q, Naren T, Zhang L, Jiang W, Xue M, Wang X, Chen L, Lee CS, Zhang Q. A Naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide-Containing Covalent Organic Polymer: Preparation, Single Crystal Structure and Battery Application. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405426. [PMID: 38641686 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by dative boron-nitrogen (B←N) bonds proven to be the promising dynamic linkage for the construction of crystalline covalent organic polymers/frameworks (COPs/COFs), we employed 1,4-bis(benzodioxaborole) benzene (BACT) and N,N'-Di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxdiimide (DPNTCDI) as the corresponding building blocks to construct a functional COP (named as CityU-25), which had been employed as an anode in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. CityU-25 displayed an excellent reversible lithium storage capability of 455 mAh/g after 170 cycles at 0.1 A/g, and an impressive one of 673 mAh/g after 720 cycles at 0.5 A/g. These findings suggest that CityU-25 is a standout candidate for advanced battery technologies, highlighting the potential application of this type of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tuoya Naren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Libao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
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3
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Jiang B, Zhang J, Yu K, Jia Z, Long H, He N, Zhang Y, Zou Y, Han Z, Li Y, Ma L. Dynamic Cleavage-Remodeling of Covalent Organic Networks into Multidimensional Superstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404446. [PMID: 38837518 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Superstructures with complex hierarchical spatial configurations exhibit broader structural depth than single hierarchical structures and the associated broader application prospects. However, current preparation methods are greatly constrained by cumbersome steps and harsh conditions. Here, for the first time, a concise and efficient thermally responsive dynamic synthesis strategy for the preparation of multidimensional complex superstructures within soluble covalent organic networks (SCONs) with tunable morphology from 0D hollow supraparticles to 2D films is presented. Mechanism study reveals the thermally responsive dynamic "cleavage-remodeling" characteristics of SCONs, synthesized based on the unique bilayer structure of (2.2)paracyclophane, and the temperature control facilitates the process from reversible solubility to reorganization and construction of superstructures. Specifically, during the process, the oil-water-emulsion two-phase interface can be generated through droplet jetting, leading to the preparation of 0D hollow supraparticles and other bowl-like complex superstructures with high yield. Additionally, by modulating the volatility and solubility of exogenous solvents, defect-free 2D films are prepared relying on an air-liquid interface. Expanded experiments further confirm the generalizability and scalability of the proposed dynamic "cleavage-remodeling" strategy. Research on the enrichment mechanism of guest iodine highlights the superior kinetic mass transfer performance of superstructural products compared to single-hierarchical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Kaifu Yu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Jia
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Honghan Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Ningning He
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yingdan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yingdi Zou
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Ziqian Han
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Ma
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P.R. China
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Liu M, Xu Q, Zeng G. Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks in Adsorption and Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404886. [PMID: 38563659 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The ion extraction and electro/photo catalysis are promising methods to address environmental and energy issues. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of promising template to construct absorbents and catalysts because of their stable frameworks, high surface areas, controllable pore environments, and well-defined catalytic sites. Among them, ionic COFs as unique class of crystalline porous materials, with charges in the frameworks or along the pore walls, have shown different properties and resulting performance in these applications with those from charge-neutral COFs. In this review, current research progress based on the ionic COFs for ion extraction and energy conversion, including cationic/anionic materials and electro/photo catalysis is reviewed in terms of the synthesis strategy, modification methods, mechanisms of adsorption and catalysis, as well as applications. Finally, we demonstrated the current challenges and future development of ionic COFs in design strategies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315199, P. R. China
| | - Qing Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute (SARI), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Zhuang H, Guo C, Huang J, Wang L, Zheng Z, Wang HN, Chen Y, Lan YQ. Hydrazone-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404941. [PMID: 38743027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Hydrazone-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with structural flexibility, heteroatomic sites, post-modification ability and high hydrolytic stability have attracted great attention from scientific community. Hydrazone-linked COFs, as a subclass of Schiff-base COFs, was firstly reported in 2011 by Yaghi's group and later witnessed prosperous development in various aspects. Their adjustable structures, precise pore channels and plentiful heteroatomic sites of hydrazone-linked structures possess much potential in diverse applications, for example, adsorption/separation, chemical sensing, catalysis and energy storage, etc. Up to date, the systematic reviews about the reported hydrazone-linked COFs are still rare. Therefore, in this review, we will summarize their preparation methods, characteristics and related applications, and discuss the opportunity or challenge of hydrazone-linked COFs. We hope this review could provide new insights about hydrazone-linked COFs for exploring more appealing functions or applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Can Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zixi Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ning Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, P. R. China
| | - Yifa Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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He N, Zou Y, Chen C, Tan M, Zhang Y, Li X, Jia Z, Zhang J, Long H, Peng H, Yu K, Jiang B, Han Z, Liu N, Li Y, Ma L. Constructing ordered and tunable extrinsic porosity in covalent organic frameworks via water-mediated soft-template strategy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3896. [PMID: 38719899 PMCID: PMC11079003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most attractive methods for the synthesis of ordered hierarchically porous crystalline materials, the soft-template method has not appeared in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) due to the incompatibility of surfactant self-assembly and guided crystallization process of COF precursors in the organic phase. Herein, we connect the soft templates to the COF backbone through ionic bonds, avoiding their crystallization incompatibilities, thus introducing an additional ordered arrangement of soft templates into the anionic microporous COFs. The ion exchange method is used to remove the templates while maintaining the high crystallinity of COFs, resulting in the construction of COFs with ordered hierarchically micropores/mesopores, herein named OHMMCOFs (OHMMCOF-1 and OHMMCOF-2). OHMMCOFs exhibit significantly enhanced functional group accessibility and faster mass transfer rate. The extrinsic porosity can be adjusted by changing the template length, concentration, and ratio. Cationic guanidine-based COFs (OHMMCOF-3) are also constructed using the same method, which verifies the scalability of the soft-template strategy. This work provides a path for constructing ordered and tunable extrinsic porosity in COFs with greatly improved mass transfer efficiency and functional group accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning He
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Yingdi Zou
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Minghao Tan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Yingdan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621907, PR China
| | - Zhimin Jia
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Honghan Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Haiyue Peng
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Kaifu Yu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Bo Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Ziqian Han
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Lijian Ma
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics & Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
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Pang J, Chen H, Guo H, Lin K, Huang S, Lin B, Zhang Y. High-sensitive determination of tetracycline antibiotics adsorbed on microplastics in mariculture water using pre-COF/monolith composite-based in-tube solid phase microextraction on-line coupled to HPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133768. [PMID: 38422729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) act as carriers for organic pollutants (e.g. antibiotics) and microorganisms (e.g. bacteria) in waters, leading to the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, the antibiotics adsorbed on MPs may exacerbate this process. For further research, it is necessary to understand the types and amounts of antibiotics adsorbed on MPs. However, due to the heavy work of MPs collection and sample pretreatment, there is a lack of analytical methods and relevant data. In this study, an in-tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME) on-line coupled to HPLC-MS/MS method based on amorphous precursor polymer of three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks/monolith-based composite adsorbent was developed, which could efficiently capture, enrich and analyze tetracycline (TCs) antibiotics. Under the optimal extraction parameters, the developed method was capable of detecting TCs at levels as low as 0.48-1.76 pg. This method was applied to analyze the TCs adsorbed on MPs of different particle sizes in mariculture water for the first time, requiring a minimum amount of MPs of only 1 mg. Furthermore, it was observed that there could be an antagonistic relationship between algal biofilm and TCs loaded on MPs. This approach could open up new possibilities for analyzing pollutants on MPs and support deeper research on MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Pang
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Hongzhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Huige Guo
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Kunning Lin
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Shuyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Beichen Lin
- College of Marine Equipment and Mechanical Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yuanbiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China.
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Tian Z, Hao Y, Chee TS, Cai H, Zhu L, Duan T, Xiao C. Hollow Core-Shell Bismuth Based Al-Doped Silica Materials for Powerful Co-Sequestration of Radioactive I 2 and CH 3I. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308451. [PMID: 38059738 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing pure inorganic materials capable of efficiently co-removing radioactive I2 and CH3I has always been a major challenge. Bismuth-based materials (BBMs) have garnered considerable attention due to their impressive I2 sorption capacity at high-temperature and cost-effectiveness. However, solely relying on bismuth components falls short in effectively removing CH3I and has not been systematically studied. Herein, a series of hollow mesoporous core-shell bifunctional materials with adjustable shell thickness and Si/Al ratio by using silica-coated Bi2O3 as a hard template and through simple alkaline-etching and CTAB-assisted surface coassembly methods (Bi@Al/SiO2) is successfully synthesized. By meticulously controlling the thickness of the shell layer and precisely tuning of the Si/Al ratio composition, the synthesis of BBMs capable of co-removing radioactive I2 and CH3I for the first time, demonstrating remarkable sorption capacities of 533.1 and 421.5 mg g-1, respectively is achieved. Both experimental and theoretical calculations indicate that the incorporation of acid sites within the shell layer is a key factor in achieving effective CH3I sorption. This innovative structural design of sorbent enables exceptional co-removal capabilities for both I2 and CH3I. Furthermore, the core-shell structure enhances the retention of captured iodine within the sorbents, which may further prevent potential leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Tian
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuxun Hao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Tien-Shee Chee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - He Cai
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, 176 Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9QQ, UK
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of National Defense Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Tao Duan
- School of National Defense Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Xiao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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9
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Wang G, Feng Y, Ye X, Li Z, Tao S, Jiang D. Light-Gating Crystalline Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10953-10962. [PMID: 38565222 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
We report light gating in synthetic one-dimensional nanochannels of stable crystalline porous covalent organic frameworks. The frameworks consist of 2D hexagonal skeletons that are extended over the x-y plane and stacked along the z-direction to create dense yet aligned 1D mesoporous channels. The pores are designed to be photoadaptable by covalently integrating tetrafluoro-substituted azobenzene units onto edges, which protrude from walls and offer light-gating machinery confined in the channels. The implanted tetrafluoroazobenzene units are thermally stable yet highly sensitive to visible light to induce photoisomerization between the E and Z forms. Remarkably, photoisomerization induces drastic changes in intrapore polarity as well as pore shape and size, which exert profound effects on the molecular adsorption of a broad spectrum of compounds, ranging from inorganic iodine to organic dyes, drugs, and enzymes. Unexpectedly, the systems respond rapidly to visible lights to gate the molecular release of drugs and enzymes. Photoadaptable covalent organic frameworks with reversibly convertible pores offer a platform for constructing light-gating porous materials and tailorable delivery systems, remotely controlled by visible lights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtong Wang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xingyao Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhongping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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10
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Wang C, Miao C, Han S, Yao H, Zhong Q, Ma S. Highly efficient capture of iodine vapor by [Mo 3S 13] 2- intercalated layered double hydroxides. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:550-559. [PMID: 38198932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
From the swollen LDH, bulky [Mo3S13]2- anions are facilely introduced into the LDH interlayers to assemble the Mo3S13-LDH composite, which exhibits excellent iodine capture performance and good irradiation resistance. The positive-charged LDH layers may disperse the [Mo3S13]2- uniformly within the interlayers, providing abundant adsorption sites for effectively trapping iodine. The Mo-S bond serving as a soft Lewis base has strong affinity to I2 with soft Lewis acidic characteristic, which is conducive to improvement of iodine capture via physical sorption. Besides, chemisorption has a significant contribution to the iodine adsorption. The S22-/S2- in [Mo3S13]2- can reduce the I2 to [I3]- ions, which are facilely fixed within the LDH gallery in virtue of electrostatic attraction. Meanwhile, the S22-/S2- themselves are oxidized to S8 and SO42-, while Mo4+ is oxidized (by O2 in air) to Mo6+, which combines with SO42- forming amorphous Mo(SO4)3. With the collective interactions of chemical and physical adsorption, the Mo3S13-LDH demonstrates an extremely large iodine adsorption capacity of 1580 mg/g. Under γ radiation, the structure of Mo3S13-LDH well maintains and iodine adsorption capability does not deteriorate, indicating the good irradiation resistance. This work provides an important reference to tailor cost-effective sorbents for trapping iodine from radioactive nuclear wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chang Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Senkai Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huiqin Yao
- College of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Qiangqiang Zhong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resource, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Shulan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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11
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Xie Y, Rong Q, Mao F, Wang S, Wu Y, Liu X, Hao M, Chen Z, Yang H, Waterhouse GIN, Ma S, Wang X. Engineering the pore environment of antiparallel stacked covalent organic frameworks for capture of iodine pollutants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2671. [PMID: 38531870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Radioiodine capture from nuclear fuel waste and contaminated water sources is of enormous environmental importance, but remains technically challenging. Herein, we demonstrate robust covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with antiparallel stacked structures, excellent radiation resistance, and high binding affinities toward I2, CH3I, and I3- under various conditions. A neutral framework (ACOF-1) achieves a high affinity through the cooperative functions of pyridine-N and hydrazine groups from antiparallel stacking layers, resulting in a high capacity of ~2.16 g/g for I2 and ~0.74 g/g for CH3I at 25 °C under dynamic adsorption conditions. Subsequently, post-synthetic methylation of ACOF-1 converted pyridine-N sites to cationic pyridinium moieties, yielding a cationic framework (namely ACOF-1R) with enhanced capacity for triiodide ion capture from contaminated water. ACOF-1R can rapidly decontaminate iodine polluted groundwater to drinking levels with a high uptake capacity of ~4.46 g/g established through column breakthrough tests. The cooperative functions of specific binding moieties make ACOF-1 and ACOF-1R promising adsorbents for radioiodine pollutants treatment under practical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyu Rong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Fengyi Mao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - You Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Mengjie Hao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Zhongshan Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China.
| | | | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P.R. China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Chen C, Wang R, Xie M, Wan S, Zhang R, Cong L, Lu H, Han Y, Xing W, Shi Z, Feng S. Single-atom platinum with asymmetric coordination environment on fully conjugated covalent organic framework for efficient electrocatalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2556. [PMID: 38519497 PMCID: PMC10960042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and their derivatives have been widely applied as electrocatalysts owing to their unique nanoscale pore configurations, stable periodic structures, abundant coordination sites and high surface area. This work aims to construct a non-thermodynamically stable Pt-N2 coordination active site by electrochemically modifying platinum (Pt) single atoms into a fully conjugated 2D COF as conductive agent-free and pyrolysis-free electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In addition to maximizing atomic utilization, single-atom catalysts with definite structures can be used to investigate catalytic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships. In this work, in-situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that a nitrogen-rich graphene analogue COF not only exhibits a favorable metal-support effect for Pt, adjusting the binding energy between Pt sites to H* intermediates by forming unique Pt-N2 instead of the typical Pt-N4 coordination environment, but also enhances electron transport ability and structural stability, showing both conductivity and stability in acidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Cailing Chen
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Minggang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ruige Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Linchuan Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Han
- Electron Microscopy Center, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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13
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Koner K, Mohata S, Ogaeri Y, Nishiyama Y, Addicoat MA, Banerjee R. Enhancing the Crystallinity of Keto-enamine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks through an in situ Protection-Deprotection Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316873. [PMID: 38324467 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
β-Keto-enamine-linked 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as highly robust materials, showing significant potential for practical applications. However, the exclusive reliance on 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp aldehyde) in the design of such COFs often results in the production of non-porous amorphous polymers when combined with certain amine building blocks. Attempts to adjust the crystallinity and porosity by a modulator approach are inefficient because Tp aldehyde readily forms stable β-keto-enamine-linked monomers/oligomers with various aromatic amines through an irreversible keto-enol tautomerization process. Our research employed a unique protection-deprotection strategy to enhance the crystallinity and porosity of β-keto-enamine-linked squaramide-based 2D COFs. Advanced solid-state NMR studies, including 1D 13 C CPMAS, 1 H fast MAS, 15 N CPMAS, 2D 13 C-1 H correlation, 1 H-1 H DQ-SQ, and 14 N-1 H HMQC NMR were used to establish the atomic-level connectivity within the resultant COFs. The TpOMe -Sqm COFs synthesized utilizing this strategy have a surface area of 487 m2 g-1 , significantly higher than similar COFs synthesized using Tp aldehyde. Furthermore, detailed time-dependent PXRD, solid-state 13 C CPMAS NMR, and theoretical DFT studies shed more light on the crystallization and linkage conversion processes in these 2D COFs. Ultimately, we applied this protection-deprotection method to construct novel keto-enamine-linked highly porous organic polymers with a surface area of 1018 m2 g-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalipada Koner
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Shibani Mohata
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Yutaro Ogaeri
- JEOL Ltd. Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8558, Japan
| | | | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, NG11 8NS, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rahul Banerjee
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata Mohanpur, 741246, India
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14
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Zou D, Dong X, Tong T, Gao W, He S, Li Z, Yang L, Cao X. Enhancing Iodine Capture of Porous Organic Cages through N-Heteroatom Engineering. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5959-5967. [PMID: 38449109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Iodine radioisotopes, produced or released during nuclear-related activities, severely affect human health and the environment. The efficient removal of radioiodine from both aqueous and vapor phases is crucial for the sustainable development of nuclear energy. In this study, we propose an "N-heteroatom engineering" strategy to design three porous organic cages with N-containing functional groups for efficient iodine capture. Among the molecular cages investigated, FT-Cage incorporating tertiary amine groups and RT-Cage with secondary amine groups show higher adsorption capacity and much faster iodine release compared to IT-Cage with imine groups. Detailed investigations demonstrate the superiority of amine groups, along with the influence of crystal structures and porosity, for iodine capture. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of porous organic cages with enhanced capabilities for capturing iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas (Putian University) Fujian Provincial University, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, P.R. China
| | - Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Liulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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15
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Wang X, Mu Z, Shao P, Feng X. Hierarchically Porous Covalent Organic Frameworks: Synthesis Methods and Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303601. [PMID: 38019117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with high porosity have garnered considerable interest for various applications owing to their robust and customizable structure. However, conventional COFs are hindered by their narrow pore size, which poses limitations for applications such as heterogeneous catalysis and guest delivery that typically involve large molecules. The development of hierarchically porous COF (HP-COF), featuring a multi-scale aperture distribution, offers a promising solution by significantly enhancing the diffusion capacity and mass transfer for larger molecules. This review focuses on the recent advances in the synthesis strategies of HP-COF materials, including topological structure design, in-situ templating, monolithic COF synthesis, defect engineering, and crystalline self-transformation. The specific operational principles and affecting factors in the synthesis process are summarized and discussed, along with the applications of HP-COFs in heterogeneous catalysis, toxic component treatment, optoelectronics, and the biomedical field. Overall, this review builds a bridge to understand HP-COFs and provides guidance for further development of them on synthesis strategies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, The College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Shao
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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16
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Wu B, Li ZW, Lin F, Tang R, Zhang W, Liu H, Ouyang G, Tan Y. The paradigm for exceptional iodine capture by nonporous amorphous electron-deficient cyclophanes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133449. [PMID: 38218036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear power emerges as a beacon of hope in tackling the energy crisis. However, the emission of radioactive iodine originating from nuclear waste and accidents poses a serious danger to nature and human well-being. Therefore, it becomes imperative to urgently develop suitable adsorbents capable of iodine capture and long-term storage. It's generally recognized that achieving high iodine capture efficiency necessitates the presence of electron-rich pores/cavities that facilitate charge-transfer (CT) interactions, as well as effective sorption sites capable of engaging in lone pair interactions with iodine. In this study, an unprecedented iodine capture paradigm by nonporous amorphous electron-deficient tetracationic cycloalkanes in vapor and aqueous solutions is revealed, overturning preconceived notions of iodine trapping materials. A newly reported tetracationic cyclophane, BPy-Box4+, exhibited an exceptional iodine vapor sorption capacity of 3.99 g g-1, remarkable iodine removal efficiency in aqueous media, and outstanding reusability. The iodine capture mechanism is unambiguously elucidated by theoretical calculations and the single-crystal structures of cyclophanes with a gradual increase in iodine content, underlining the vital role of host-guest (1:1 or 1:2) interactions for the enhanced iodine capture. The current study demonstrates a new paradigm for enhanced iodine capture by nonporous amorphous electron-deficient cyclophanes through host-guest complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Rongzhi Tang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yu Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
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17
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Wang T, Liu X, Yang J, Tang J, Zhai B, Luo Y, Liu Z, Fang Y. Efficient Removal of Iodine from Water by a Calix[4]pyrrole-Based Nanofilm. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4489-4495. [PMID: 38369881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The efficient removal of radioactive iodine from an aqueous solution is largely dependent on the adsorbent materials employed. In this work, we report a calix[4]pyrrole-based nanofilm and its application for the rapid removal of iodine from water. The nanofilm was synthesized through a confined dynamic condensation of tetra hydrazide calix[4]pyrrole with 1,3,5-tri-(4-formylphenyl) aldehyde at the air/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) interface. The thickness of the obtained nanofilm is ∼35 nm, enabling fast mass transfer and a high ratio of accessible binding sites for iodine. The pseudo-second-order rate constant of the nanofilm for iodine is ∼0.061 g g-1 min-1, 3 orders of magnitude higher than most reported adsorbent materials. Flow-through nanofiltration tests demonstrated that the nanofilm has an adsorption capacity of 1.48 g g-1, a high removal efficiency, and good reusability. The mechanism study revealed that the moieties of Schiff base, pyrrole, and aromatic rings play a key role for binding iodine. We believe this work provides not only a new strategy for the efficient removal of radioactive iodine from water but also new ideas for designing efficient iodine adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xiangquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jinglun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Xi'an Rare Matel Materials Institute Co. Ltd, Xi'an 710016, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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18
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Xiao C, Yao Y, Guo X, Qi J, Zhu Z, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Li J. Ultralight and Robust Covalent Organic Framework Fiber Aerogels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311881. [PMID: 38372502 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Shaping covalent organic frameworks (COFs) into macroscopic objects with robust mechanical properties and hierarchically porous structure is of great significance for practical applications but remains formidable and challenging. Herein, a general and scalable protocol is reported to prepare ultralight and robust pure COF fiber aerogels (FAGs), based on the epitaxial growth synergistic assembly (EGSA) strategy. Specifically, intertwined COF nanofibers (100-200 nm) are grown in situ on electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) microfibers (≈1.7 µm) containing urea-based linkers, followed by PAN removal via solvent extraction to obtain the hollow COF microfibers. The resultant COF FAGs possess ultralow density (14.1-15.5 mg cm-3 ) and hierarchical porosity that features both micro-, meso-, and macropores. Significantly, the unique interconnected structure composed of nanofibers and hollow microfibers endows the COF FAGs with unprecedented mechanical properties, which can fully recover at 50% strain and be compressed for 20 cycles with less than 5% stress degradation. Moreover, the aerogels exhibit excellent capacity for organic solvent absorption (e.g., chloroform uptake of >90 g g-1 ). This study opens new avenues for the design and fabrication of macroscopic COFs with excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Xiao
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yiyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Junwen Qi
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zhigao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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19
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Liu L, Du J, Yao A, Song Z, Sun Q, He W, Guan J, Liu J. Covalent Organic Network Membranes with Tunable Nanoarchitectonics from Macrocycle Building Blocks for Graded Molecular Sieving. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4283-4294. [PMID: 38206114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Traditional piperazine-based polyamide membranes usually suffer from the intrinsic trade-off relationship between selectivity and permeance. The development of macrocycle membranes with customized nanoscale pores is expected to address this challenge. Herein, we introduce 1,4-diazacyclohexane (2N), 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (3N), and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (4N) as molecular building blocks to construct the nanoarchitectonics of polyamide membranes prepared from interfacial polymerization (IP). The permeance of covalent organic network membranes follows the trend of 4N-TMC > 3N-TMC > 2N-TMC, while the molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) also follows the same trend of 4N-TMC > 3N-TMC > 2N-TMC, according to their nanopore size of the membranes. The microporosity, orientation, and surface chemistry of covalent organic network membranes can be rationally designed by macrocycle building units. The ordered nanoarchitectonics allows the membranes to attain an excellent performance in graded molecular sieving. Importantly, the novel covalent organic network membranes with tunable nanoarchitectonics prepared from macrocycle building units exhibited high water permeance (32.5 LMH/bar) and retained long-term stability after 100 h of test and bovine serum albumin fouling. These results reveal the enormous potential of 3N-TMC and 4N-TMC membranes in saline textile wastewater treatments and precise molecular sieving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Jingcheng Du
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Ayan Yao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Ziye Song
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, China
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20
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Tao Q, Zhang X, Jing L, Sun L, Dang P. Construction of Ketoenamine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks with Electron-Rich Sites for Efficient and Rapid Removal of Iodine from Solution. Molecules 2023; 28:8151. [PMID: 38138639 PMCID: PMC10745408 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been widely used for the efficient removal of iodine from solution due to their abundance of electron-rich sites. In this study, two kinds of ketoenamine-based COFs, TpBD-(OMe)2 and TpBD-Me2, are successfully synthesized via Schiff base reaction under solvothermal conditions using 1, 3, 5-triformylphoroglucinol as aldehyde monomer, o-tolidine and o-dianisidine as amino monomers. The ability of TpBD-(OMe)2 and TpBD-Me2 to adsorb iodine in cyclohexane or aqueous solutions has been quantitatively analyzed and interpreted in terms of adsorption sites. TpBD-Me2 possesses two adsorption sites, -NH- and -C=O, and exhibits an adsorption capacity of 681.67 mg/g in cyclohexane, with an initial adsorption rate of 0.6 g/mol/min with respect to COF unit cell. The adsorption capacity of TpBD-(OMe)2 can be as high as 728.77 mg/g, and the initial adsorption rate of TpBD-(OMe)2 can reach 1.2 g/mol/min in the presence of oxygen atoms between the methyl group and the benzene ring. Compared with TpBD-Me2, the higher adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of TpBD-(OMe)2 towards iodine are not only reflected in organic solvents, but also in aqueous solutions. It is proven through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy that iodine exists in the form of I2, I3-, and I5- within TpBD-(OMe)2 and TpBD-Me2 after adsorption. This work not only expands the application of COFs in the field of iodine adsorption, but also provides research ideas and important an experimental basis for the optimization of iodine adsorption sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tao
- College of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Liping Jing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Peipei Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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21
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Yin H, Zhen Z, Ning W, Zhang L, Xiang Y, Ye N. Three-dimensional fluorinated covalent organic frameworks coated capillary for the separation of fluoroquinolones by capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464234. [PMID: 37523908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a three-dimensional fluorinated covalent organic frameworks (3D FCOFs) JUC-515 was synthesized from tetra(4-aminophenyl)methane (TAM) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalol (TFA) by an ionic liquid method. JUC-515 was introduced into the capillary column and bonded to the inner wall of the capillary column by chemical bonding. Through a variety of characterization results, JUC-515 was successfully synthesized and introduced into the capillary column. The effects of buffer solution concentration, organic additive content and pH of the buffer solution on the separation of fluoroquinolones (FQs) were investigated in detail. The JUC-515-coated capillary column showed good resolution (>1.5) and reproducibility. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the retention time for intraday, interday, column-to-column and interbatch precision were less than 0.88%, 2.45%, 2.74% and 3.32%, respectively. The RSDs of the peak area for intraday, interday, column-to-column and interbatch precision were less than 3.79%, 4.31%, 3.33% and 5.62%, respectively. The JUC-515-coated capillary column could be used no less than 150 times. The results showed that the JUC-515-coated capillary column had good separation performance. In addition, by separating fluorinated β-phenylalanine analogs, β-phenylalanine and trifluoromethyl β-phenylalanine analogs, the separation mechanism based on fluorine interactions was discussed. In conclusion, JUC-515 had good potential as a stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Ziyi Zhen
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Weijie Ning
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Yuhong Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
| | - Nengsheng Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China.
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22
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Niu P, Shi C, Jiao J, Xie W, Qiu H, Yang Z, Jiang J, Wang L. Synthesis of Tröger's base-based [3]arenes for efficient iodine adsorption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10960-10963. [PMID: 37608715 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02804f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers of Tröger's base-based [3]arenes R6N-E[3] and S6N-E[3] were synthesized successfully as two optically pure Tröger's base-based macrocycles in which three Tröger's base subunits were incorporated. Among these Tröger's base-based[3]arenes, M[3] showed high absorption of iodine up to 4.02 g g-1 in vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Conghao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jianmin Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Heng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Juli Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Ma'anshan High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University, Ma'anshan, 238200, China.
| | - Leyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Lu W, Xu M, Chen F, Liu P, Hua D. Polyphosphonate-segmented macroporous organosilicon frameworks for efficient dynamic enrichment of uranium with in-situ regeneration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131912. [PMID: 37356173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Efficient separation and enrichment of uranium from radioactive effluents is of strategic significance for sustainable development of nuclear energy and environmental protection. Macropore structure of adsorbent is conducive to accessibility of the pore and transport of the adsorbate during dynamic adsorption. However, the low specific surface area results in fewer ligand sites and subsequently reduces the adsorption capacity. Herein, we present a novel strategy for efficient dynamic uranium enrichment using polyphosphonate-segmented macroporous organosilicon frameworks (PMOFs). PMOFs are constructed through the copolymerization of diethyl vinylphosphonate and triethoxyvinylsilane, followed by hydrolysis and condensation of the oligomers. The introduction of polyphosphonate segments into the frameworks endows PMOFs with a macroporous structure (31 µm) and a high ligand content (up to 72 wt%). Consequently, the optimized PMOF-3 demonstrated an ultrahigh dynamic adsorption capacity of 114.8 mg/g among covalently conjugated silicon-based materials. Additionally, PMOF-3 achieves a high enrichment factor (120) in the dynamic enrichment of uranium on a fixed bed column, which can be in-situ regenerated with 1 M NaHCO3 as the eluent. This work presents a new strategy for efficient dynamic enrichment of nuclides, which can be extended to the separation of other specific pollutants, shedding new light on adsorbent design and technical innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Meiyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fulong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Daoben Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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24
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Wang ZH, Yang C, Liu T, Qian HL, Yan XP. Particle Size Regulation of Single-Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks for High Performance of Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8145-8149. [PMID: 37191442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although polycrystalline covalent organic frameworks (PCOFs) have already shown great potential as stationary phases for chromatography, irregular shape and size distribution of PCOFs make regulation of particle size of PCOFs for high separation performance impossible, which is accessible by the application of single-crystalline COFs (SCOFs). Herein, we showed preparation of three-dimensional SCOF (SCOF-303) bonded capillaries (SCOF-303-capillary) with different particle sizes (about 0.4-1.6 μm) and further investigated gas chromatographic separation ability of these SCOF-303-capillaries for isomers of xylene, dichlorobenzene, and pinene. It was found resolution and column efficiency of SCOF-303-capillaries for isomers decreased with the increase in particle size, mainly resulting from the weaker size-exclusion effect and higher mass transfer resistance of the larger particle size of flexible SCOF-303. The obtained SCOF-303-capillary (particle size of ∼0.4 μm) offered baseline separation of xylene isomers with the high resolution of 2.26-3.52, great efficiency of 7879 plates m-1 for p-xylene, better than PCOF-303-capillary, and commercial DB-5 and HP-FFAP capillary columns as well as many reported capillaries. This work not only shows the great potential of SCOFs for gas chromatography but also provides the theoretical direction for the design of the efficient COF based stationary phase by adjusting the particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Wang
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hai-Long Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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