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Yao Y, Liu J, Wang Z, Yao S, Du F. Compact vacuum transfer devices for highly air-sensitive materials in scanning electron microscopy. Micron 2024; 187:103720. [PMID: 39332063 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Surface analysis experiments on air-sensitive substances are challenging to avoid their contact with air, leading to inaccurate results due to oxidation or hygroscopicity. To address this issue, we designed a compact vacuum transfer device (VTD) and applied it to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) experiments. Our VTD features a split structure that can be opened and separated in the SEM specimen exchange chamber via magnetic control. This design allows the SEM manufacturer's stub to be fed directly into the SEM specimen chamber, preventing damage to the instrument's internal components and avoiding restrictions on specimen height. Additionally, the compact design maximizes the utilization of sample accommodation space. Besides, it can be flexibly customized in different sizes and types of stubs to adapt electron microscopes from various manufacturers. To confirm the reliability of our device, we applied it to several highly air-sensitive samples for morphology and chemical composition analysis by SEM and EDS. The EDS results showed that the atomic percentage of Na reaches 94.55 % after 14 minutes and 93.44 % after 30 minutes of storage when transferring metallic sodium. Furthermore, our VTD enables airtight recycling and re-transfer of samples after the SEM (-EDS) experiments. These results demonstrate that our device has excellent practicality and airtightness, making it suitable for medium- and long-distance sample transfer between laboratories on the campus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yao
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jingyi Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shiyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fei Du
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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2
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Lin J, Huang P, Naren T, Liang C, Zhou L, Chen L, Zhang C, Ivey DG, Wei W. Salt-Assisted Recovery of Sodium Metal Anodes for High-Rate Capability Sodium Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2409976. [PMID: 39108189 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable sodium metal batteries are considered to be one of the most promising high energy density and cost-effective electrochemical energy storage systems. However, their practicality is constrained by the high reactivity of sodium metal anodes that readily brings about excessive accumulation of inactive Na species on the surface, either by chemical reactions with oxygen and moisture during electrode handling or through electrochemical processes with electrolytes during battery operation. Herein, this paper reports on an alkali, salt-assisted, assembly-polymerization strategy to recover Na activity and to reinforce the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) of sodium metal anodes. To achieve this, an alkali-reactive coupling agent 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) is applied to convert inactive Na species into Si-O-Na coordination with a self-assembly GPTMS layer that consists of inner O-Si-O networks and outer hydrophobic epoxides. As a result, the electrochemical activity of Na metal anodes can be fully recovered and the robust GPTMS-derived SEI layer ensures high capacity and long-term cycling under an ultrahigh rate of 30 C (93.1 mAh g-1, 94.8% after 3000 cycles). This novel process provides surface engineering clues on designing high power density and cost-effective alkaline metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Tuoya Naren
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chaoping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Liangjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Libao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Douglas G Ivey
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Weifeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
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3
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Wu H, Xie C, Zhang M, Zou J, Feng R, Lu H, Zhang Q, Tang Y, Wang H. Retarded sodium alloying interface reaction for stable anode-less sodium metal batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8264-8267. [PMID: 39012259 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02545h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Improving the sodiophilicity of the substrate is essential to enhance the reversibility of anode-less sodium metal batteries. Here, we have prepared a sodiophilic nano-Pb coating on aluminum-based collectors by magnetron sputtering. The slow alloying kinetics between Pb and sodium allows prolonged Pb retention in the coating, endowing the coating with a durable sodiophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Chunlin Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Mingze Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Jiapeng Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Runxin Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Hongqin Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Yougen Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China.
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4
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Li S, Yang L, Christudasjustus J, Overman NR, Wirth BD, Sushko ML, Simonnin P, Schreiber DK, Gao F, Wang C. Selective atomic sieving across metal/oxide interface for super-oxidation resistance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6149. [PMID: 39034317 PMCID: PMC11271475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface passivation, a desirable natural consequence during initial oxidation of alloys, is the foundation for functioning of corrosion and oxidation resistant alloys ranging from industrial stainless steel to kitchen utensils. This initial oxidation has been long perceived to vary with crystal facet, however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, using in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy, we gain atomic details on crystal facet dependent initial oxidation behavior in a model Ni-5Cr alloy. We find the (001) surface shows higher initial oxidation resistance as compared to the (111) surface. We reveal the crystal facet dependent oxidation is related to an interfacial atomic sieving effect, wherein the oxide/metal interface selectively promotes diffusion of certain atomic species. Density functional theory calculations rationalize the oxygen diffusion across Ni(111)/NiO(111) interface, as contrasted with Ni(001)/NiO(111), is enhanced. We unveil that crystal facet with initial fast oxidation rate could conversely switch to a slow steady state oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jijo Christudasjustus
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nicole R Overman
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brian D Wirth
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Maria L Sushko
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Pauline Simonnin
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Daniel K Schreiber
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
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Xie L, Xiao Y, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Weng J, Lu H, Rong J, Yang J, Zheng C, Zhang Q, Huang S. Balanced Mass Transfer and Active Sites Density in Hierarchical Porous Catalytic Metal-Organic Framework for Enhancing Redox Reaction in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12820-12829. [PMID: 38722145 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient catalysts, characterized by controllable pore architecture and effective utilization of active sites, is paramount in addressing the shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs), which, however, remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a hierarchical porous catalytic metal-organic framework (HPC-MOF) with both appropriate porosity and abundant exposed catalytic sites is achieved through time-controlled precise pore engineering. It is revealed that the evolution of the porous structure and catalytic site density is time-dependent during the etching processes. The moderately etched HPC-MOF-M attains heterogeneous pores at various scales, where large apertures ensure fast mass transfer and micropores inherit high-density catalytic sites, enhancing utilization and catalytic kinetics at internal catalytic sites. Capitalizing on these advantages, LSB incorporating the HPC-MOF-M interlayer demonstrates a 164.6% improvement in discharge capability and an 83.3% lower decay rate over long-term cycling at 1.0C. Even under high sulfur loading of 7.1 mg cm-2 and lean electrolyte conditions, the LSB exhibits stable cycling for over 100 cycles. This work highlights the significance of balancing the relationship between mass transfer and catalytic sites through precise chemical regulation of the porous structure in catalytic MOFs, which are anticipated to inspire the development of advanced catalysts for LSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingbo Xiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qinghan Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingqia Weng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haibin Lu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jionghui Rong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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6
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Lu J, Zhang S, Yao J, Guo Z, Osenberg M, Hilger A, Markötter H, Wilde F, Manke I, Zhang X, Sun F, Cui G. Synergistic Effect of CO 2 in Accelerating the Galvanic Corrosion of Lithium/Sodium Anodes in Alkali Metal-Carbon Dioxide Batteries. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10930-10945. [PMID: 38604994 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable alkali metal-CO2 batteries, which combine high theoretical energy density and environmentally friendly CO2 fixation ability, have attracted worldwide attention. Unfortunately, their electrochemical performances are usually inferior for practical applications. Aiming to reveal the underlying causes, a combinatorial usage of advanced nondestructive and postmortem characterization tools is used to intensively study the failure mechanisms of Li/Na-CO2 batteries. It is found that a porous interphase layer is formed between the separator and the Li/Na anode during the overvoltage rising and battery performance decaying process. A series of control experiments are designed to identify the underlying mechanisms dictating the observed morphological evolution of Li/Na anodes, and it is found that the CO2 synergist facilitates Li/Na chemical corrosion, the process of which is further promoted by the unwanted galvanic corrosion and the electrochemical cycling conditions. A detailed compositional analysis reveals that the as-formed interphase layers under different conditions are similar in species, with the main differences being their inconsistent quantity. Theoretical calculation results not only suggest an inherent intermolecular affinity between the CO2 and the electrolyte solvent but also provide the most thermodynamically favored CO2 reaction pathways. Based on these results, important implications for the further development of rechargeable alkali metal-CO2 batteries are discussed. The current discoveries not only fundamentally enrich our knowledge of the failure mechanisms of rechargeable alkali metal-CO2 batteries but also provide mechanistic directions for protecting metal anodes to build high-reversible alkali metal-CO2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhua Yao
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyang Guo
- College of Energy Material and Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
| | - Markus Osenberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Hilger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Markötter
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Wilde
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Straße 1, Geesthacht 21502, Germany
| | - Ingo Manke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Fu Sun
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101 Qingdao, China
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7
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Ji P, Lei X, Su D. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods for Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301539. [PMID: 38385838 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) stands as an invaluable instrument for the real-time examination of the structural changes in materials. It features ultrahigh spatial resolution and powerful analytical capability, making it significantly versatile across diverse fields. Particularly in the realm of Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs), in situ TEM is extensively utilized for real-time analysis of phase transitions, degradation mechanisms, and the lithiation process during charging and discharging. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest advancements in in situ TEM applications for LIBs. Additionally, it compares the suitability and effectiveness of two techniques: the open cell technique and the liquid cell technique. The technical aspects of both the open cell and liquid cell techniques are introduced, followed by a comparison of their applications in cathodes, anodes, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, and lithium dendrite growth in LIBs. Lastly, the review concludes by stimulating discussions on possible future research trajectories that hold potential to expedite the progression of battery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xincheng Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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Jin S, Hong S, Gao X, Deng Y, Joo YL, Archer LA. Self-sufficient metal-air battery systems enabled by solid-ion conductive interphases. Faraday Discuss 2024; 248:305-317. [PMID: 37772414 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Metal-air batteries including Li-air, Na-air, Al-air, and Zn-air, have received significant scientific and technological interest for at least the last three decades. The interest stems primarily from the fact that the electrochemically active material (O2) in the cathode can in principle be harvested from the surroundings. In practice, however, parasitic reactions with reactive components other than oxygen in dry air passivate the anode, limit cycling stability of air-sensitive (e.g., Li, Na, Al) and electrolyte-sensitive (e.g., Zn) anodes, in most cases obviating the energy-density benefits of harvesting O2 from ambient air. As a compromise, so-called metal-oxygen batteries in which pure O2 is used as the active cathode material have been extensively studied but are understood to be of little practical relevance because of the large infrastructure required to produce the pure O2 stream. Here, we report on the design of solid-ion conductive chemically inert metal interphases that simultaneously protect a metal anode from parasitic reactions with electrolyte components and which facilitate rapid interfacial ion transport. Interphases composed of indium (In) are reported to be of particular interest for protecting Li and Na anodes from passivation in air whereas interphases composed of Sn are shown to prevent chemical and electrochemical corrosion of Zn anodes in alkaline electrolytes. We report further that these protections enable so-called self-sufficient metal-air batteries capable of extended cycling stability in ambient air environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jin
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Shifeng Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xiaosi Gao
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Yue Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yong Lak Joo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Lynden A Archer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Zhang J, Sun J, Yang D, Ha S, Ma T, Liu H, Shi X, Guo D, Wang Y, Wei Y. Trade-Off between Rough and Smooth Electrode Surfaces toward Stable Zn Stripping/Plating in Aqueous Electrolytes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:688-695. [PMID: 38180811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The effects of surface roughness on the performance of the Zn metal anode in aqueous electrolytes are investigated by experiments and computational simulations. Smooth surfaces can homogenize the nucleation and growth of Zn, which helps to form a flat Zn anode under high current density. In spite of these advantages, the whole surface of the smooth electrode serves as the reactive contact area for parasitic reactions, generating severe hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and byproduct formation, which seriously hinder the long-term cycle stability of the Zn anode. To trade off this double-sided effect, we identify a medium degree of surface roughness that could stabilize the Zn anode for 1000 h cycling at 1.0 mAh cm-2. The electrode also enabled stable cycling for 800 h at a high current density of 5.0 mAh cm-2. This naked Zn metal anode with optimized surface roughness holds great promise for direct use in aqueous zinc ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Di Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shixian Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York11790, United States
| | - Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuejian Shi
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dongxu Guo
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yizhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
| | - Yingjin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, Chongqing 401123, China
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10
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Zhang YY, Zhang CH, Guo YJ, Fan M, Zhao Y, Guo H, Wang WP, Tan SJ, Yin YX, Wang F, Xin S, Guo YG, Wan LJ. Refined Electrolyte and Interfacial Chemistry toward Realization of High-Energy Anode-Free Rechargeable Sodium Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25643-25652. [PMID: 37970704 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Anode-free rechargeable sodium batteries represent one of the ultimate choices for the 'beyond-lithium' electrochemical storage technology with high energy. Operated based on the sole use of active Na ions from the cathode, the anode-free battery is usually reported with quite a limited cycle life due to unstable electrolyte chemistry that hinders efficient Na plating/stripping at the anode and high-voltage operation of the layered oxide cathode. A rational design of the electrolyte toward improving its compatibility with the electrodes is key to realize the battery. Here, we show that by refining the volume ratio of two conventional linear ether solvents, a binary electrolyte forms a cation solvation structure that facilitates flat, dendrite-free, planar growth of Na metal on the anode current collector and that is adaptive to high-voltage Na (de)intercalation of P2-/O3-type layered oxide cathodes and oxidative decomposition of the Na2C2O4 supplement. Inorganic fluorides, such as NaF, show a major influence on the electroplating pattern of Na metal and effective passivation of plated metal at the anode-electrolyte interface. Anode-free batteries based on the refined electrolyte have demonstrated high coulombic efficiency, long cycle life, and the ability to claim a cell-level specific energy of >300 Wh/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Hui Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Min Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, BNLMS, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hua Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Peng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Jie Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Xia Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, BNLMS, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sen Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Yao Y, Gu H, Zou J, Yang H, Zhang Q, Jiang Z, Li Y. Reactivation of an air-passivated lithium metal anode through halogen regulation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11576-11579. [PMID: 37691517 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03772j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the failure mechanism of the lithium metal anode (LMA) in air. Simultaneously, an effective reactivation strategy was developed using halogen regulation. Specifically, iodine treatment converts the passivation layer of the exposed Li into LiI with fast Li+ transport ability, thereby improving the electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Hui Gu
- Chuzhou Science & Technology Incubation Center, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Jiahang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Hanxu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Qingan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Zhipeng Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
| | - Yongtao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, China.
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12
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Koh H, Detsi E, Stach EA. Understanding Ion-Beam Damage to Air-Sensitive Lithium Metal With Cryogenic Electron and Ion Microscopy. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1350-1356. [PMID: 37488829 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to understand the nanoscale structure and chemistry of energy storage materials due to their profound impact on battery performance. However, it is often challenging to characterize them at high resolution, as they are often fundamentally altered by sample preparation methods. Here, we use the cryogenic lift-out technique in a plasma-focused ion beam (PFIB)/scanning electron microscope (SEM) to prepare air-sensitive lithium metal to understand ion-beam damage during sample preparation. Through the use of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, we find that lithium was not damaged by ion-beam milling although lithium oxide shells form in the PFIB/SEM chamber, as evidenced by diffraction information from cryogenic lift-out lithium lamellae prepared at two different thicknesses (130 and 225 nm). Cryogenic energy loss spectroscopy further confirms that lithium was oxidized during the process of sample preparation. The Ellingham diagram suggests that lithium can react with trace oxygen gas in the FIB/SEM chamber at cryogenic temperatures, and we show that liquid oxygen does not contribute to the oxidation of lithium process. Our results suggest the importance of understanding how cryogenic lift-out sample preparation has an impact on the high-resolution characterization of reactive battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjun Koh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric Detsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eric A Stach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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