1
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Rajasree SS, Yu J, Fajardo-Rojas F, Fry HC, Anderson R, Li X, Xu W, Duan J, Goswami S, Maindan K, Gómez-Gualdrón DA, Deria P. Framework-Topology-Controlled Singlet Fission in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17678-17688. [PMID: 37527433 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) has been explored as a viable route to improve photovoltaic performance by producing more excitons. Efficient SF is achieved through a high degree of interchromophoric coupling that facilitates electron superexchange to generate triplet pairs. However, strongly coupled chromophores often form excimers that can serve as an SF intermediate or a low-energy trap site. The succeeding decoherence process, however, requires an optimum electronic coupling to facilitate the isolation of triplet production from the initially prepared correlated triplet pair. Conformational flexibility and dielectric modulation can provide a means to tune the SF mechanism and efficiency by modulating the interchromophoric electronic interaction. Such a strategy cannot be easily adopted in densely stacked traditional organic solids. Here, we show that the assembly of the SF-active chromophores around well-defined pores of solution-stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be a great platform for a modular SF process. A series of three new MOFs, built out from 9,10-bis(ethynylenephenyl)anthracene-derived struts, show a topology-defined packing density and conformational flexibility of the anthracene core to dictate the SF mechanism. Various steady-state and transient spectroscopic data suggest that the initially prepared singlet population can prefer either an excimer-mediated SF or a direct SF (both through a virtual charge-transfer (CT) state). These solution-stable frameworks offer the tunability of the dielectric environment to facilitate the SF process by stabilizing the CT state. Given that MOFs are a great platform for various photophysical and photochemical developments, generating a large population of long-lived triplets can expand their utilities in various photon energy conversion schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreehari Surendran Rajasree
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Jierui Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Fernando Fajardo-Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - H Christopher Fry
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ryther Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Xinlin Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Subhadip Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karan Maindan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Diego A Gómez-Gualdrón
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Pravas Deria
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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2
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Li H, Wang Y, Jiang F, Li M, Xu Z. A dual-function [Ru(bpy) 3] 2+ encapsulated metal organic framework for ratiometric Al 3+ detection and anticounterfeiting application. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3846-3854. [PMID: 36866710 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03388g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel composite material (HPU-24@Ru) has been prepared by combining a blue-emission Cd-based metal-organic framework (MOF, [Cd2(TCPE)(DMF)(H2O)3]n, HPU-24) with a red-emission tris (2,2'-bipyridine) dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) molecule for ratiometric fluorescence sensing of Al3+ ions in aqueous medium and high-level dynamic anticounterfeiting application. The luminescence measurement results indicated that the fluorescence intensity of HPU-24 at 446 nm showed a red shift in the presence of Al3+ ions, and the new peak appeared at 480 nm and continued to increase with an increase in Al3+ ion concentration. Meanwhile, the fluorescence intensity of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ almost showed no change. The detection limit was calculated as 11.63 μM, which was better than that for the MOF-based Al3+ ions in some reported examples in aqueous media and achieved through strong electrostatic interactions between HPU-24@Ru and Al3+ ions. Moreover, owing to the particularity of the tetrastyryl structure in HPU-24, HPU-24@Ru showed intriguing temperature-dependent emission behavior. This unique structure provides the composite material HPU-24@Ru with attributes for high-level information encryption that make it difficult for counterfeiters to identify all of the right decryption measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China.
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China.
| | - Fengjiao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China.
| | - Manman Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China.
| | - Zhouqing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454000, China.
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3
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Ezhov R, Ravari AK, Palenik M, Loomis A, Meira DM, Savikhin S, Pushkar Y. Photoexcitation of Fe 3 O Nodes in MOF Drives Water Oxidation at pH=1 When Ru Catalyst Is Present. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202124. [PMID: 36479638 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis strives to convert the energy of sunlight into sustainable, eco-friendly solar fuels. However, systems with light-driven water oxidation reaction (WOR) at pH=1 are rare. Broadly used [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) photosensitizer has a fixed +1.23 V potential which is insufficient to drive most water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) in acid, while Fe2 O3 , featuring the highly oxidizing holes, is not stable at low pH. Here, the key examples of Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF) water oxidation photoelectrocatalysts active at pH=1 are presented. Fe-MIL-126 and Fe MOF-dcbpy structures were formed with 4,4'-biphenyl dicarboxylate (bpdc), 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylate (dcbpy) linkers and their mixtures. Presence of dcbpy linkers allows integration of metal-based catalysts via coordination to 2,2'-bipyridine fragments. Fe-based MOFs were doped with Ru-based precursors to achieve highly active MOFs bearing [Ru(bpy)(dcbpy)(H2 O)2 ]2+ WOC. Materials were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, resonance Raman, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, fs optical pump-probe, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), diffuse reflectance and electric conductivity measurements and were modeled by band structure calculations. It is shown that under reaction conditions, FeIII and RuIII oxidation states are present, indicating rate-limiting electron transfer in MOF. Fe3 O nodes emerge as photosensitizers able to drive prolonged O2 evolution in acid. Further developments are possible via MOF's linker modification for enhanced light absorption, electrical conductivity, reduced MOF solubility in acid, Ru-WOC modification for faster WOC catalysis, or Ru-WOC substitution to 3d metal-based systems. The findings give further insight for development of light-driven water splitting systems based on Earth-abundant metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ezhov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, USA
| | - Alireza K Ravari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, USA
| | - Mark Palenik
- US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, 20375, USA
| | - Alexander Loomis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, USA
| | | | - Sergei Savikhin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, USA
| | - Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, USA
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4
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Wen Q, Malik N, Addadi Y, Weißenfels M, Singh V, Shimon LJW, Lahav M, van der Boom ME. Energy Transport in Dichroic Metallo-organic Crystals: Selective Inclusion of Spatially Resolved Arrays of Donor and Acceptor Dyes in Different Nanochannels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214041. [PMID: 36385565 PMCID: PMC10107947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the precise positioning and alignment of arrays of two different guest molecules in a crystalline host matrix has been engineered and resulted in new optically active materials. Sub-nm differences in the diameters of two types of 1D channels are sufficient for size-selective inclusion of dyes. Energy transport occurs between the arrays of different dyes that are included in parallel-positioned nanochannels by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The color of individual micro-sized crystals are dependent on their relative position under polarized light. This angular-dependent behavior is a result of the geometrically constrained orientation of the dyes by the crystallographic packing of the host matrix and is concentration dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wen
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Naveen Malik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Department of Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Maren Weißenfels
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Vivek Singh
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Lahav
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Milko E van der Boom
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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5
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Ru J, Wang X, Zhao J, Yang J, Zhou Z, Du X, Lu X. Evaluation and development of GO/UiO-67@PtNPs nanohybrid-based electrochemical sensor for invisible arsenic (III) in water samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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7
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Gibbons B, Cai M, Morris AJ. A Potential Roadmap to Integrated Metal Organic Framework Artificial Photosynthetic Arrays. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17723-17736. [PMID: 36126182 PMCID: PMC9545145 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of coordination polymers, gained popularity in the late 1990s with the efforts of Omar Yaghi, Richard Robson, Susumu Kitagawa, and others. The intrinsic porosity of MOFs made them a clear platform for gas storage and separation. Indeed, these applications have dominated the vast literature in MOF synthesis, characterization, and applications. However, even in those early years, there were hints to more advanced applications in light-MOF interactions and catalysis. This perspective focuses on the combination of both light-MOF interactions and catalysis: MOF artificial photosynthetic assemblies. Light absorption, charge transport, H2O oxidation, and CO2 reduction have all been previously observed in MOFs; however, work toward a fully MOF-based approach to artificial photosynthesis remains out of reach. Discussed here are the current limitations with MOF-based approaches: diffusion through the framework, selectivity toward high value products, lack of integrated studies, and stability. These topics provide a roadmap for the future development of fully integrated MOF-based assemblies for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Meng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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8
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Huang S, Liu Z, Yan Y, Chen J, Yang R, Huang Q, Jin M, Shui L. Triple signal-enhancing electrochemical aptasensor based on rhomboid dodecahedra carbonized-ZIF67 for ultrasensitive CRP detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Exploring the Photophysical Properties of UiO-67 MOF Doped with Rhenium Carbonyl Complexes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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10
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Gogia A, Mandal SK. Subtle Ligand Spacer Change in 2D Metal-Organic Framework Sheets for Dual Turn-On/Turn-Off Sensing of Acetylacetone and Turn-On Sensing of Water in Organic Solvents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16357-16368. [PMID: 35348313 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based sensors for the detection of various analyte molecules has been a subject of absolute importance. However, most of these sensors rely on the turn-off (quenching) transduction response, while those reporting turn-on response are very rare. In this article, we have synthesized two new MOF-based sensors, {[Zn2(oxdz)2(tpbn)]·14H2O}n (1) and {[Zn2(oxdz)2(tpxn)]·10H2O·2C2H5OH}n (2), via the self-assembly of Zn(II) metal ions, a fluorogenic oxdz2- linker, and bis(tridentate) ligands (tpbn and tpxn) under ambient conditions. Their formation from such a self-assembly process has been evaluated on the basis of the geometry around the five-coordinated Zn(II), preferential meridional binding of the bis(tridentate) ligands, and diverse binding of the carboxylate groups in oxdz2-. Although 1 and 2 are isostructural, a difference in the transduction mechanism for the sensing of acetylacetone in organic solvents (turn-on for 1 and turn-off for 2) is observed and can be attributed to the spacer in the bis(tridentate) ligands. We have demonstrated the competing effect of the nonradiative interactions and photoinduced electron transfer toward the sensing mechanism. The results are well-supported by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study, intensity versus concentration plots, spectral overlap measurements, time-resolved fluorescence studies, and MM2 and density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, we have showcased the utilization of 1 for the sensing of trace amounts of water in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Gogia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli Post Office, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sanjay K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, Manauli Post Office, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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11
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Zhou J, Liu L, Li Y, Wang L, Xie Z. Multivariate Strategy Preparation of Nanoscale Ru-Doped Metal-Organic Frameworks with Boosted Photoactivity for Bioimaging and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4647-4654. [PMID: 35266714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
How to incorporate chromophores into MOFs is a key for the development of multifunctional photoactive systems. The poor internalization by cancer cells and low efficiency of ROS generation hamper the potential clinic application of Ru-based molecular agents. In this work, a nanoscale Ru-doped metal-organic framework Hf-UiO-Ru (Hf-Ru) with framework-boosted photoactivities was prepared via a multivariate strategy for use in bioimaging and ROS generation. The as-synthesized Hf-Ru nanocrystals not only maintain the well regular morphology and crystal structure in comparison with that of the Hf-UiO-66 prototype but also give an oxygen-independent emission with a much longer lifetime, higher quantum yield, and stronger ROS generation than molecular Ru(dcbpy)3. Additionally, the enhanced cellular uptake and high brightness in fluorescence and CT imaging of Hf-Ru nanocrystals have also been well studied in vitro. This multivariate strategy may be utilized as a general paradigm to develop a photoactive nanosystem for bioimaging and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Liqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yite Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Zhigang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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12
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Fiankor C, Nyakuchena J, Khoo RSH, Zhang X, Hu Y, Yang S, Huang J, Zhang J. Symmetry-Guided Synthesis of N,N'-Bicarbazole and Porphyrin-Based Mixed-Ligand Metal-Organic Frameworks: Light Harvesting and Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20411-20418. [PMID: 34797665 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, many attempts have been made to mimic the energy transfer (EnT) in photosynthesis, a key process occurring in nature that is of fundamental significance in solar fuels and sustainable energy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of porous crystalline materials self-assembled from organic linkers and metal or metal cluster nodes, offer an ideal platform for the exploration of directional EnT phenomena. However, placing energy donor and acceptor moieties within the same framework with an atomistic precision appears to be a major synthesis challenge. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a highly porous and photoactive N,N'-bicarbazole- and porphyrin-based mixed-ligand MOF, namely, NPF-500-H2TCPP (NPF = Nebraska porous framework; H2TCPP = meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin), where the secondary ligand H2TCPP is incorporated precisely through the open metal sites of the equatorial plane of the octahedron cage resulting from the underlying (4,8) connected network of NPF-500. The efficient EnT process from N,N'-bicarbazole to porphyrin in NPF-500-H2TCPP was captured by time-resolved spectroscopy and exemplified by photocatalytic oxidation of thioanisole. These results demonstrate not only the capability of NPF-500 as the scaffold to precisely arrange the donor-acceptor assembly for the EnT process but also the potential to directly utilize the EnT process for photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fiankor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - James Nyakuchena
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Rebecca Shu Hui Khoo
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Yuchen Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Sizhuo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States.,The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Wang Z, Wang C. Excited State Energy Transfer in Metal-Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005819. [PMID: 33788309 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Excited state energy transfer in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is of great interest due to potential application of these materials in photocatalysis and fluorescence sensing. In photocatalysis, a light-harvesting antenna of MOFs can collect energy from a much larger area than a single reaction center and efficiently transport the energy to the active site to enhance photocatalytic efficiency, mimicking nature photosynthesis. In fluorescence sensing, excited state traveling on the framework can search for analyte quencher molecules to give amplified fluorescence quenching, so that one quencher turns off multiple excited states to enhance signal. Key to these designer performances is highly efficient energy transfer on these framework materials that are determined by types of excited states, dimension of the materials, and structure of the frameworks. Advancement of MOF synthetic chemistry provides new tools to control the rate and directionality of energy transfer in these materials, opening opportunities in manipulating excited states at an unprecedented level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChem, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChem, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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14
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Pattengale B, Ostresh S, Schmuttenmaer CA, Neu J. Interrogating Light-initiated Dynamics in Metal-Organic Frameworks with Time-resolved Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2021; 122:132-166. [PMID: 34613710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopy is an essential part of both fundamental and applied chemical research. Such techniques access light-initiated dynamics on time scales ranging from femtosecond to microsecond. Many techniques falling under this description have been applied to gain significant insight into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a diverse class of porous coordination polymers. MOFs are highly tunable, both compositionally and structurally, and unique challenges are encountered in applying time-resolved spectroscopy to interrogate their light-initiated properties. These properties involve various excited state mechanisms such as crystallographically defined energy transfer, charge transfer, and localization within the framework, photoconductivity, and structural dynamics. The field of time-resolved MOF spectroscopic studies is quite nascent; each original report cited in this review was published within the past decade. As such, this review is a timely and comprehensive summary of the most significant contributions in this emerging field, with focuses on the overarching spectroscopic concepts applied and on identifying key challenges and future outlooks moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pattengale
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Sarah Ostresh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | | | - Jens Neu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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15
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Mayers JM, Larsen RW. The effect of cavity size on ruthenium (II) tris-(2,2-bipyridine) photophysics encapsulated within zirconium based metal organic frameworks. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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17
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Hu H, Zeng L, Li Z, Zhu T, Wang C. Incorporating porphyrin-Pt in light-harvesting metal-organic frameworks for enhanced visible light-driven hydrogen production. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Ren X, Liao G, Li Z, Qiao H, Zhang Y, Yu X, Wang B, Tan H, Shi L, Qi X, Zhang H. Two-dimensional MOF and COF nanosheets for next-generation optoelectronic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Demir Duman F, Forgan RS. Applications of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks as imaging agents in biology and medicine. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3423-3449. [PMID: 33909734 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00358e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) are an interesting and unique class of hybrid porous materials constructed by the self-assembly of metal ions/clusters with organic linkers. The high storage capacities, facile synthesis, easy surface functionalization, diverse compositions and excellent biocompatibilities of NMOFs have made them promising agents for theranostic applications. By combination of a large variety of metal ions and organic ligands, and incorporation of desired molecular functionalities including imaging modalities and therapeutic molecules, diverse MOF structures with versatile functionalities can be obtained and utilized in biomedical imaging and drug delivery. In recent years, NMOFs have attracted great interest as imaging agents in optical imaging (OI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Furthermore, the significant porosity of MOFs allows them to be loaded with multiple imaging agents and therapeutics simultaneously and applied for multimodal imaging and therapy as a single entity. In this review, which is intended as an introduction to the use of MOFs in biomedical imaging for a reader entering the subject, we summarize the up-to-date progress of NMOFs as bioimaging agents, giving (i) a broad perspective of the varying imaging techniques that MOFs can enable, (ii) the different routes to manufacturing functionalised MOF nanoparticles and hybrids, and (iii) the integration of imaging with differing therapeutic techniques. The current challenges and perspectives of NMOFs for their further clinical translation are also highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Demir Duman
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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20
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Metal-organic frameworks embedded in a liposome facilitate overall photocatalytic water splitting. Nat Chem 2021; 13:358-366. [PMID: 33589788 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been studied extensively in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the water oxidation reaction (WOR) with sacrificial reagents, but overall photocatalytic water splitting using MOFs has remained challenging, principally because of the fast recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes. Here we have integrated HER- and WOR-MOF nanosheets into liposomal structures for separation of the generated charges. The HER-MOF nanosheets comprise light-harvesting Zn-porphyrin and catalytic Pt-porphyrin moieties, and are functionalized with hydrophobic groups to facilitate their incorporation into the hydrophobic lipid bilayer of the liposome. The WOR-MOF flakes consist of [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)3]2+-based photosensitizers and Ir-bipyridine catalytic centres, and are localized in the hydrophilic interior of the liposome. This liposome-MOF assembly achieves overall photocatalytic water splitting with an apparent quantum yield of (1.5 ± 1)% as a result of ultrafast electron transport from the antennae (Zn-porphyrin and [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)3]2+) to the reaction centres (Pt-porphyrin and Ir-bipyridine) in the MOFs and efficient charge separation in the lipid bilayers.
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21
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Lee S, Kim D, Park IH, Jung OS. Unusual porous crystals via catenation of 1D ladders: unprecedented mixture effects on the adsorption of xylene isomers in a SCSC mode. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pseudo 2D open-channel crystals formed via catenation of 1D ladders show unusual mixture effects on the adsorption of o-, m-, and p-xylene isomers in a SCSC mode, and are a practical template for structural determination of small hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyeok Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Sang Jung
- Department of Chemistry
- Pusan National University
- Busan 46241
- Republic of Korea
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22
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Cao L, Wang C. Metal-Organic Layers for Electrocatalysis and Photocatalysis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2149-2158. [PMID: 33376778 PMCID: PMC7760065 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic layers (MOLs) are two-dimensional analogues of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a high aspect ratio and thickness down to a monolayer. Active sites on MOLs are more accessible than those on MOFs thanks to the two-dimensional feature of MOLs, which allows easier chemical modification around the catalytic center. MOLs can also be assembled with other functional materials through surface anchoring sites that can facilitate charge/energy transport through the hybrid material. MOLs are thus quite suitable for interfacial catalysis like electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. In this outlook, we focus on representative progress of constructing unique interfacial sites on MOLs with designer paths for charge separation and energy transfer, as well as cooperative cavities for superior substrate adsorption and activation. We also discuss challenges and potentials in the future development of MOL catalysts and catalysts beyond MOLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Cao
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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23
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Steuber FW, Gough JJ, Whelan É, Burtnyak L, Bradley AL, Schmitt W. Node-Dependent Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Third-Generation 2D MOFs Containing Earth-Abundant Metal Ions. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17244-17250. [PMID: 33215499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Five isostructural 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), based on a photoactive CuI metallolinker and mixed mono-/dinuclear secondary building units (SBUs), are reported. The MOFs 1(M) (M = Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, and Cd) exhibit broad absorption across the visible-light spectrum and emission centered at ca. 730 nm. Upon photoexcitation, the rigidity of the framework hinders the pseudo-Jahn-Teller distortion of the metallolinker's excited state, providing efficient intersystem crossing into the triplet state. Rapid luminescence quenching in 1(Cu) and 1(Co) suggests photoinduced electron transfer (PET) to the SBUs, whereas lifetimes of up to 22.2 ns are observed in 1(Zn). The quantum yields relative to the parent photosensitizer (PS) decrease for metal nodes containing transition metal ions with partially occupied d-orbitals but increase for the d10 systems CdII and ZnII by a factor of up to 6. Importantly, the excited state decay rates directly correlate with the occupancy of the [MII(OH2)]x moieties in the MOFs providing nonradiative decay pathways via O-H oscillators. Cyclovoltammetry reveals minor changes in CuI/II oxidation potential, with excited-state reduction potentials for 1(M) rivalling Ru analogues. These results establish bis(diimine)copper(I) photosensitizers as viable metallolinkers for MOFs and present a rare example of an isostructural series obtained from a photosensitive metallolinker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich W Steuber
- School of Chemistry and AMBER Center, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John J Gough
- School of Physics and AMBER Center, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Éadaoin Whelan
- School of Chemistry and AMBER Center, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lyubomyr Burtnyak
- School of Chemistry and AMBER Center, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A Louise Bradley
- School of Physics and AMBER Center, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Wolfgang Schmitt
- School of Chemistry and AMBER Center, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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24
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Chakraborty A, Ilic S, Cai M, Gibbons BJ, Yang X, Slamowitz CC, Morris AJ. Role of Spin-Orbit Coupling in Long Range Energy Transfer in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20434-20443. [PMID: 33215496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging as a promising platform for solar energy conversion applications. Their potential utilization as efficient chromophores in artificial photosynthesis is closely related to the understanding of light-harvesting and energy transfer processes that occur within these molecular scaffolds. Herein, we present the photophysical investigation of Ru(II), Ir(III), and Os(II) polypyridyl complexes incorporated into the backbone of UiO-67. In this work, we systematically study the effect of spin-orbit coupling on dipole-dipole energy transfer in MOFs using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. The results of our work indicate successful triplet-to-singlet energy transfer and a sizable increase in the transfer kinetics and critical distance, as direct consequences of strong spin-orbit couplings. Remarkably, the reported R0 value for OsDCBPY (R0 = 88 ± 10 Å) represents one of the largest Förster distances observed in an MOF. Collectively, this work contributes to the general knowledge of energy transfer in materials and provides groundwork for efficient utilization in artificial photosynthetic assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Stefan Ilic
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Meng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Bradley J Gibbons
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Xiaozhou Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Connor C Slamowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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25
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Lin S, Cairnie DR, Davis D, Chakraborty A, Cai M, Morris AJ. Photoelectrochemical alcohol oxidation by mixed-linker metal-organic frameworks. Faraday Discuss 2020; 225:371-383. [PMID: 33107542 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a suitable platform for stable and efficient heterogeneous photoelectrochemical oxidation catalysis due to their highly ordered structure, large surface area, and synthetic tunability. Herein, a mixed-linker MOF comprising of a photosensitizer [Ru(dcbpy)(bpy)2]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dcbpy = 5,5'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine) and catalyst [Ru(tpy)(dcbpy)Cl]+ (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) that were incorporated into the UiO-67 framework and grown as thin films on a TiO2-coated, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode (RuB-RuTB-UiO-67/TiO2/FTO). When used as an electrode for the photoelectrochemical oxidation of benzyl alcohol, the mixed-linker MOF film showed a faradaic efficiency of 34%, corresponding to a 3-fold increase in efficiency relative to the RuB-UiO-67/TiO2/FTO control. This increase in catalytic efficiency is ascribed to the activation of RuTB moieties via oxidation by photogenerated RuIIIB. Transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the delayed appearance of RuIIITB* or RuIIITB formation, occurring with a lifetime of 21 ns, due to energy and/or electron transfer. The recovery kinetics of the charge separated state was increased (283 μs) in comparison to single-component control experiments (105 μs for RuB-UiO-67/TiO2/FTO and 7 μs for RuTB-UiO-67/TiO2/FTO) indicating a cooperative effect that could be exploited in chromophore/catalyst MOF motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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26
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Liseev T, Howe A, Hoque MA, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Llobet A, Ott S. Synthetic strategies to incorporate Ru-terpyridyl water oxidation catalysts into MOFs: direct synthesis vs. post-synthetic approach. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13753-13759. [PMID: 32996947 PMCID: PMC7116355 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01890b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating molecular catalysts into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a promising strategy for improving their catalytic longevity and recyclability. In this article, we investigate and compare synthetic routes for the incorporation of the potent water oxidation catalyst Ru(tda)(pyCO2H)2 (tda = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-6,6''-dicarboxylic acid, pyCO2H = iso-nicotinic acid) as a structural linker into a Zr-based UiO-type MOF. The task is challenging with this particular metallo-linker because of the equatorial dangling carboxylates that can potentially compete for Zr-coordination, as well as free rotation of the pyCO2H groups around the HO2CpyRupyCO2H axis. As a consequence, all attempts to synthesize a MOF with the metallo-linker directly under solvothermal conditions led to amorphous materials with the Ru(tda)(pyCO2H)2 linker coordinating to the Zr nodes in ill-defined ways, resulting in multiple waves in the cyclic voltammograms of the solvothermally obtained materials. On the other hand, an indirect post-synthetic approach in which the Ru(tda)(pyCO2H)2 linker is introduced into a preformed edba-MOF (edba = ethyne dibenzoic acid) of UiO topology results in the formation of the desired material. Interestingly, two distinctly different morphologies of the parent edba-MOF have been discovered, and the impact that the morphological difference has on linker incorporation is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey Liseev
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andrew Howe
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden. and Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Md Asmaul Hoque
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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27
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di Nunzio MR, Caballero-Mancebo E, Cohen B, Douhal A. Photodynamical behaviour of MOFs and related composites: Relevance to emerging photon-based science and applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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28
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Zhang T, Wei JZ, Sun XJ, Zhao XJ, Tang HL, Yan H, Zhang FM. Continuous and Rapid Synthesis of UiO-67 by Electrochemical Methods for the Electrochemical Detection of Hydroquinone. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8827-8835. [PMID: 32623890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous and rapid synthesis of UiO-67 under mild conditions has been achieved by electrochemical methods for the first time. In the reaction system, a zirconium sheet was utilized as electrodes and a metal source for the assembly of UiO-67. High-crystalline UiO-67 with a regular tetrahedral morphology of around 1 μm was obtained within 1.5 h under the optimized solvent composition, voltage, and temperature conditions. This electrochemical synthetic method of UiO-67 in our work overcomes the shortcomings of high temperature and pressure of a traditional solvothermal method, which proposes new ideas for the large-scale and rapid synthesis of UiO-67. The UiO-67 synthesized by an electrochemical method was prepared as a UiO-67-carbon paste electrode (CPE), which exhibited a linear response to hydroquinone (HQ) in the range of 5-300 μM with a detection limit of 3.6 × 10-9 M (S/N = 3), for the electrochemical detection of HQ. It was confirmed that UiO-67-CPE possessed excellent reusability and antiinterference ability for the detection of HQ, and its detection ability even did not change after standing for 3 months. We further tried to apply UiO-67-CPE to the practical determination of HQ in tap water and river water samples, and the results proved that the recovery rate is 97.9-104.7% in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Zhi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Han Yan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Technology of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, P. R. China
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29
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Mayers JM, Larsen RW. Modulation of Osmium(II) Tris(2,2'-bipyridine) Photophysics through Encapsulation within Zinc(II) Trimesic Acid Metal Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7761-7767. [PMID: 32421317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Os(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridine) (OsBpy) complex exhibits optical properties that are particularly attractive for light harvesting systems due to the broad absorption spectrum extending throughout the solar spectrum. However, the relatively short lifetime of the triplet metal to ligand charge transfer state (3MLCT) relative to the related Ru(II)tris(2,2'-bipyridine) (RuBpy) has limited applications. Here, the encapsulation of OsBpy within two distinct Zn(II)-trimesic acid MOFs, HKUST-1(Zn) and USF-2 is demonstrated in an effort to extend the 3MLCT lifetime. Encapsulation results in a hypsochromatic shift of the steady-state emission band in both frameworks resulting from a destabilization of the 3MLCT. The encapsulated OsBpy also exhibits extended emission lifetimes in both HKUST-1(Zn) (104 ns in MOF vs 50 ns in methanol) and USF-2 (81 ns in MOF vs 50 ns in methanol) arising from changes in the nonradiative decay constants in both systems. The data are also consistent with vibronic perturbations involved in mixing between higher energy 3MLCT* and ligand field states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Mayers
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Randy W Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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30
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Ezhov R, Karbakhsh Ravari A, Page A, Pushkar Y. Water Oxidation Catalyst cis-[Ru(bpy)(5,5′-dcbpy)(H2O)2]2+ and Its Stabilization in Metal–Organic Framework. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ezhov
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Allison Page
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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31
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Siddiqui R, Ali R. Recent developments in photoredox-catalyzed remote ortho and para C-H bond functionalizations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:248-280. [PMID: 32180843 PMCID: PMC7059497 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the research area of direct C-H bond functionalizations was growing exponentially not only due to the ubiquity of inert C-H bonds in diverse organic compounds, including bioactive natural and nonnatural products, but also due to its impact on the discovery of pharmaceutical candidates and the total synthesis of intricate natural products. On the other hand, more recently, the field of photoredox catalysis has become an indispensable and unparalleled research topic in modern synthetic organic chemistry for the constructions of challenging bonds, having the foremost scope in academia, pharmacy, and industry. Therefore, the development of green, simpler, and effective methodologies to accomplish direct C-H bond functionalization is well overdue and highly desirable to the scientific community. In this review, we mainly highlight the impact on, and the utility of, photoredox catalysts in inert ortho and para C-H bond functionalizations. Although a surge of research papers, including reviews, demonstrating C-H functionalizations have been published in this vital area of research, to our best knowledge, this is the first review that focuses on ortho and para C-H functionalizations by photoredox catalysis to provide atom- and step-economic organic transformations. We are certain that this review will act as a promoter to highlight the application of photoredox catalysts for the functionalization of inert bonds in the domain of synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
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32
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Liberman I, Shimoni R, Ifraemov R, Rozenberg I, Singh C, Hod I. Active-Site Modulation in an Fe-Porphyrin-Based Metal-Organic Framework through Ligand Axial Coordination: Accelerating Electrocatalysis and Charge-Transport Kinetics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1933-1940. [PMID: 31910614 PMCID: PMC7467674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The construction of artificial solar
fuel generating systems requires
the heterogenization of large quantities of catalytically active sites
on electrodes. In that sense, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
have been utilized to assemble unpreceded concentration of electrochemically
active molecular catalysts to drive energy-conversion electrocatalytic
reactions. However, despite recent advances in MOF-based electrocatalysis,
so far no attempt has been made to exploit their unique chemical modularity
in order to tailor the electrocatalytic function of MOF-anchored active
sites at the molecular level. Here, we show that the axial coordination
of electron-donating ligands to active MOF-installed Fe-porphyrins
dramatically alters their electronic properties, accelerating the
rates of both redox-based MOF conductivity and the electrocatalytic
oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Additionally, electrochemical characterizations
show that in multiple proton-coupled electron transfer reactions MOF-based
redox hopping is not the only factor that limits the overall electrocatalytic
rate. Hence, future efforts to enhance the efficiency of electrocatalytic
MOFs should also consider other important kinetic parameters such
as the rate of proton-associated chemical steps as well as mass-transport
rates of counterions, protons, and reactants toward catalytically
active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Liberman
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Ran Shimoni
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Raya Ifraemov
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Illya Rozenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Chanderpratap Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Idan Hod
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
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33
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Wu S, Min H, Shi W, Cheng P. Multicenter Metal-Organic Framework-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1805871. [PMID: 30790371 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with multiple emission centers are newly emerging as ratiometric sensors owing to their high sensitivity and high selectivity toward a wide range of targeted functional species. Energy transfer between the light-absorbing group and emission centers and between different emission centers is the key to rationally design and synthesize MOF-based ratiometric sensors. A good match between the energy levels of the light-absorbing groups and emission centers is the prerequisite for MOF-based sensors to exhibit multiple emissions, and a good match of the MOF-based sensors and those of the targeted species can increase the sensitivity and selectivity, but this match is highly challenging to obtain via synthesis. MOFs with multiple emission centers can be produced by functionalizing MOFs with multiple lanthanide centers, organic luminophores, dyes, carbon dots, and other such emissive groups. In this progress report, recent advances in the strategies for synthesizing MOFs with multiple emission centers and their applications for ratiometric sensing of solution conditions, including the pH value, and ion, organic molecule, and biomolecule concentrations, are summarized, as are the related sensing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hui Min
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Caballero‐Mancebo E, Cohen B, Smolders S, De Vos DE, Douhal A. Unravelling Why and to What Extent the Topology of Similar Ce-Based MOFs Conditions their Photodynamic: Relevance to Photocatalysis and Photonics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1901020. [PMID: 31592140 PMCID: PMC6774026 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are emerging materials for luminescent and photochemical applications. Armed with femto to millisecond spectroscopies, and fluorescence microscopy, the photobehaviors of two Ce-based MOFs are unravelled: Ce-NU-1000 and Ce-CAU-24-TBAPy. It is observed that both MOFs show ligand-to-cluster charge transfer reactions in ≈100 and ≈70 fs for Ce-NU-1000 and Ce-CAU-24-TBAPy, respectively. The formed charge separated states, resulting in electron and hole generation, recombine in different times for each MOF, being longer in Ce-CAU-24-TBAPy: 1.59 and 13.43 µs than in Ce-NU-1000: 0.64 and 4.91 µs. The linkers in both MOFs also undergo a very fast intramolecular charge transfer reaction in ≈160 fs. Furthermore, the Ce-NU-1000 MOF reveals excimer formation in 50 ps, and lifetime of ≈14 ns. The lack of this interlinkers event in Ce-CAU-24-TBAPy arises from topological restriction and demonstrates the structural differences between the two frameworks. Single-crystal fluorescence microscopy of Ce-CAU-24-TBAPy shows the presence of a random distribution of defects along the whole crystal, and their impact on the observed photobehavior. These findings reflect the effect of linkers topology and metal clusters orientations on the outcome of electronic excitation of reticular structure, key to their applicability in different fields of science and technology, such as photocatalysis and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Caballero‐Mancebo
- Departamento de Química FísicaFacultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, and INAMOLUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaAvenida Carlos III, S/N45071ToledoSpain
| | - Boiko Cohen
- Departamento de Química FísicaFacultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, and INAMOLUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaAvenida Carlos III, S/N45071ToledoSpain
| | - Simon Smolders
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable SolutionsDepartment MSKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F P.O. Box 24543001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Dirk E. De Vos
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable SolutionsDepartment MSKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F P.O. Box 24543001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Abderrazzak Douhal
- Departamento de Química FísicaFacultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, and INAMOLUniversidad de Castilla‐La ManchaAvenida Carlos III, S/N45071ToledoSpain
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Mayers JM, Larsen RW. Photophysical study of [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ and [Ru(1,10-phenanthroline)3]2+ encapsulated in the Uio-66-NH2 metal organic framework. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McKeithan CR, Wojtas L, Larsen RW. Photophysical properties of the [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ templated metal organic framework, RWLC-6. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Khatun A, Panda DK, Sayresmith N, Walter MG, Saha S. Thiazolothiazole-Based Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks with Ligand-to-Ligand Energy Transfer and Hg 2+-Sensing Capabilities. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12707-12715. [PMID: 31532195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron and energy transfer through preorganized chromophore, donor, and acceptor arrays are key to light-harvesting capabilities of photosynthetic plants and bacteria. Mimicking the design principles of natural photosystems, we constructed a new luminescent pillared paddle wheel metal-organic framework (MOF), Zn2(NDC)2(DPTTZ), featuring naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC) struts that served as antenna chromophores and energy donors and N,N'-di(4-pyridyl)thiazolo-[5,4-d]thiazole (DPTTZ) pillars as complementary energy acceptors and light emitters. Highly ordered arrangement and good overlap between the emission and absorption spectra of these two complementary energy donor and acceptor units enabled ligand-to-ligand Förster resonance energy transfer, allowing the MOF to display exclusively DPTTZ-centric blue emission (410 nm) regardless of the excitation of either chromophore at different wavelengths. In the presence of Hg2+, a toxic heavy metal ion, the photoluminescence (PL) of Zn2(NDC)2(DPTTZ) MOF underwent significant red-shift to 450 nm followed by quenching, whereas other transition metal ions (Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+) caused only fluorescence quenching but no shift. The free DPTTZ ligand also displayed similar, albeit less efficient, fluorescence changes, suggesting that the heavy atom effect and coordination of Hg2+ and other transition metal ions with the DPTTZ ligands were responsible for the fluorescence changes in the MOF. When exposed to a mixture of different metal ions, including Hg2+, the MOF still displayed the Hg2+-specific fluorescence signal, demonstrating that it could detect Hg2+ in the presence of other metal ions. The powder X-ray diffraction studies verified that the framework remained intact after being exposed to Hg2+ and other transition metal ions, and its original PL spectrum was restored upon washing. These studies demonstrated the light-harvesting and Hg2+ sensing capabilities of a new bichromophoric luminescent MOF featuring a seldom-used photoactive ligand, which will likely spark an explosion of TTZ-based MOFs for various optoelectronic applications in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Khatun
- Department of Chemistry , Clemson University , 211 South Palmetto Boulevard , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
| | - Dillip K Panda
- Department of Chemistry , Clemson University , 211 South Palmetto Boulevard , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
| | - Nickolas Sayresmith
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Charlotte , 9201 University Center Boulevard , Charlotte , North Carolina 28228 , United States
| | - Michael G Walter
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina Charlotte , 9201 University Center Boulevard , Charlotte , North Carolina 28228 , United States
| | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry , Clemson University , 211 South Palmetto Boulevard , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
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Hu X, Chen P, Zhang C, Wang Z, Wang C. Energy transfer on a two-dimensional antenna enhances the photocatalytic activity of CO 2 reduction by metal-organic layers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9657-9660. [PMID: 31342024 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Excited state energies on a two-dimensional light-harvesting metal-organic layer (MOL) are efficiently transported to Re- and Ir-based reaction centers for converting CO2 to CO or HCOOH. Such energy transfer enhances the photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity because it enables multiple photo-electron injections in a short time period in the photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefu Hu
- iChem, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Peican Chen
- iChem, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Cankun Zhang
- iChem, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiye Wang
- iChem, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- iChem, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China.
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Zhao L, XinLiu, Zhao C, Meng L. Synthesis and properties of interspersed structure complexes prepared from 4,4'-(phenylazanediyl)- dibenzoic acid with rigid and semi-rigid nitrogen-containing ligands. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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40
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Luis ET, Iranmanesh H, Beves JE. Photosubstitution reactions in ruthenium(II) trisdiimine complexes: Implications for photoredox catalysis. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Gu J, Wen M, Cai Y, Shi Z, Arol AS, Kirillova MV, Kirillov AM. Metal–Organic Architectures Assembled from Multifunctional Polycarboxylates: Hydrothermal Self-Assembly, Structures, and Catalytic Activity in Alkane Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:2403-2412. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zifa Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aliaksandr S. Arol
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marina V. Kirillova
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexander M. Kirillov
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
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42
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Shaikh SM, Chakraborty A, Alatis J, Cai M, Danilov E, Morris AJ. Light harvesting and energy transfer in a porphyrin-based metal organic framework. Faraday Discuss 2019; 216:174-190. [PMID: 31017129 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We present the synthesis and photophysical characterization of a water stable PCN-223(freebase) metal organic framework (MOF) constructed from meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP). The photophysical properties of the synthesized crystalline material were studied using a wide range of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Quenching experiments performed on TCPP and PCN-223 demonstrated that the extent and the rate of quenching in the MOF is significantly higher than the monomeric ligand. Based on these results, we propose that upon photo-excitation, the singlet excitation energy migrates across neutral TCPP linkers until it is quenched by a N-protonated TCPP linker. The N-protonated linkers act as trap states that deactivate the excited state to the ground state. Variable temperature measurements aided in understanding the mechanism of singlet-singlet energy transfer in the PCN-223 MOF. The rate of energy transfer and the total exciton hopping distance in PCN-223 were calculated in order to quantify the energy transfer characteristics of PCN-223. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was used to study the triplet excited state photophysics in both the free ligand and PCN-223 MOF. Furthermore, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy was employed to get a better understanding of the photophysical processes taking place in the ligand and MOF on ultrafast timescales. Efficient energy transfer (Förster radius = 54.5 Å) accompanied with long distance exciton hopping (173 Å) was obtained for the PCN-223 MOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak M Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA.
| | - Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA.
| | - James Alatis
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA.
| | - Meng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA.
| | - Evgeny Danilov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, USA
| | - Amanda J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA.
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43
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Li J, Liu GX. Three cadmium(II) coordination polymers constructed from polycarboxylate and tri(imidazole) ligands: Syntheses, crystal structures and luminescent properties. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Yuan N, Church TL, Brandt EG, Hedin N, Zou X, Bernin D. Insights into Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks Using In Situ NMR Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17530. [PMID: 30510207 PMCID: PMC6277383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35842-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Postsynthetic reactions of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile tools for producing functional materials, but the methods of evaluating these reactions are cumbersome and destructive. Here we demonstrate and validate the use of in situ NMR spectroscopy of species in the liquid state to examine solvent-assisted ligand exchange (SALE) and postsynthetic modification (PSM) reactions of metal-organic frameworks. This technique allows functionalization to be monitored over time without decomposing the product for analysis, which simplifies reaction screening. In the case of SALE, both the added ligand and the ligand leaving the framework can be observed. We demonstrate this in situ method by examining SALE and PSM reactions of the robust zirconium MOF UiO-67 as well as SALE with the aluminum MOF DUT-5. In situ NMR spectroscopy provided insights into the reactions studied, and we expect that future studies using this method will permit the examination of a variety of MOF–solute reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tamara L Church
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik G Brandt
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diana Bernin
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Goswami S, Chen M, Wasielewski MR, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Boosting Transport Distances for Molecular Excitons within Photoexcited Metal-Organic Framework Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34409-34417. [PMID: 30207679 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the fabrication of porphyrin-containing metal-organic framework thin films with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) pillaring linkers and investigate exciton transport within the films. Steady-state emission spectroscopy indicates that the exciton can traverse up to 26 porphyrin layers when DABCO is used as a pillaring linker, whereas on average only 9-11 layers can be traversed when either 4,4'-bipyridine (a pillaring linker) or pyridine (a nonpillaring, layer-interdigitating ligand) is used. These results can be understood by taking into account the decreased separation distances between transition dipoles associated with chromophores (porphyrins) sited in adjacent layers. Shorter distances translate into faster Förster-type exciton hopping and, therefore, more hops within the few nanosecond lifetime of the porphyrin's singlet excited-state. The findings have favorable implications for the development of MOF-based photoelectrodes and photoelectrochemical energy-conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Goswami
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Michelle Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
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46
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Pattengale B, SantaLucia DJ, Yang S, Hu W, Liu C, Zhang X, Berry JF, Huang J. Direct Observation of Node-to-Node Communication in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:11573-11576. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pattengale
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Daniel J. SantaLucia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sizhuo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
| | - John F. Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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Castellano FN. Editorial for the ACS Select Virtual Issue on Emerging Investigators in Inorganic Photochemistry and Photophysics. Inorg Chem 2018; 55:12483-12487. [PMID: 27989181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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48
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Rowe JM, Zhu J, Soderstrom EM, Xu W, Yakovenko A, Morris AJ. Sensitized photon upconversion in anthracene-based zirconium metal-organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7798-7801. [PMID: 29946618 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01893f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sensitized upconversion is explored in three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed from the anthracene dicarboxylate (ADC) derivatives and zirconium nodes, 9,10-ADC (9,10-MOF), 2,6-ADC (2,6-MOF) and 1,4-ADC (1,4-MOF). Selective excitation of surface-bound Pd(ii) mesoporphyrin IX (PdMP) gives rise to delayed fluorescence (τ = 370 ± 30 ns) from anthracene in the 9,10-MOF. The overall upconversion efficiency of the Pd@9,10-MOF is 0.46 ± 0.05% with a threshold intensity of 104 ± 26 mW cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Rowe
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
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49
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Luis ET, Iranmanesh H, Arachchige KSA, Donald WA, Quach G, Moore EG, Beves JE. Luminescent Tetrahedral Molecular Cages Containing Ruthenium(II) Chromophores. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8476-8486. [PMID: 29969245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have designed linear metalloligands which contain a central photoactive [Ru(N∧N)3]2+ unit bordered by peripheral metal binding sites. The combination of these metalloligands with Zn(II) and Fe(II) ions leads to heterometallic tetrahedral cages, which were studied by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and photophysical methods. Like the parent metalloligands, the cages remain emissive in solution. This approach allows direct incorporation of the favorable properties of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes into larger self-assembled structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena T Luis
- School of Chemistry , UNSW Sydney , Sydney , 2052 Australia
| | | | | | | | - Gina Quach
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , 4072 Australia
| | - Evan G Moore
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland , 4072 Australia
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50
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Roy S, Bhunia A, Schuth N, Haumann M, Ott S. Light-driven hydrogen evolution catalyzed by a cobaloxime catalyst incorporated in a MIL-101(Cr) metal-organic framework. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2018; 2:1148-1152. [PMID: 30211322 PMCID: PMC6130847 DOI: 10.1039/c8se00072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A cobaloxime H2 evolution catalyst with a hydroxo-functionalized pyridine ligand, Co(dmgH)2(4-HEP)Cl [dmgH = dimethylglyoxime, 4-HEP = 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyridine] was immobilized on a chromium terephthalate metal-organic framework (MOF), MIL-101(Cr), to construct a MOF-catalyst hybrid which displays good photocatalytic H2 evolution activity. The longevity of the cobaloxime catalyst is increased by MOF incorporation, but limited by the stability of the cobalt-pyridine bond under turnover conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Roy
- Uppsala University
, Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
,
Box 523
, 751 20 Uppsala
, Sweden
.
| | - Asamanjoy Bhunia
- Uppsala University
, Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
,
Box 523
, 751 20 Uppsala
, Sweden
.
| | - Nils Schuth
- Freie Universität Berlin
, Department of Physics
,
14195 Berlin
, Germany
| | - Michael Haumann
- Freie Universität Berlin
, Department of Physics
,
14195 Berlin
, Germany
| | - Sascha Ott
- Uppsala University
, Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory
,
Box 523
, 751 20 Uppsala
, Sweden
.
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