1
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Huang Y. Enantioselective Relay Coupling of Perfluoroalkyl and Vinylogous Ketyl Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409566. [PMID: 38865105 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
β-Chiral carboxylic acids and their derivatives are highly valuable structural motifs in the fields of asymmetric synthesis and medicinal chemistry. However, the introduction of a sterically demanding sidechain to the β-carbon, such as an all-carbon quaternary center, remains a significant challenge in classical polar processes. Recently, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) mediated coupling reactions involving persistent ketyl radicals have emerged as a promising strategy to assemble highly crowded carbon-carbon bonds. Nevertheless, achieving enantioselectivity in these reactions remains highly challenging. In this work, we report our recent progress in controlling enantioselectivity for relay coupling of perfluoroalkyl and persistent vinylogous ketyl radicals. We developed a chiral bifunctional NHC-squaramide catalyst that achieves high facial selectivity in a critical bond-forming event involving the coupling of a congested tertiary carbon radical and vinylogous ketyl radical. Chiral carboxylates bearing an all-carbon quaternary center at the β-position can be prepared in good yield and excellent enantiomeric excess. Results from density functional theory (DFT) calculations and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) experiments indicate that the N,N'-diaryl squaramide motif adopts an unusual syn-syn conformation, enabling hydrogen bonding interactions with the enolate oxygen, thereby rigidifying the overall conformation of the transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Mitra S, Connolly SM, Ayidi S, Mondal M, Panda M, Kelly BG, Kerrigan NJ. Catalytic stereoselective synthesis of cyclopentanones from donor-acceptor cyclopropanes and in situ-generated ketenes. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39157999 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
A dual InBr3-EtAlCl2 Lewis acidic system was found to be optimal for promoting the diastereoselective (3 + 2)-cycloaddition of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes with in situ-generated ketenes to form cyclopentanones. The desired products were formed in good to excellent yields (70-93% for 16 examples) and with good to excellent diastereoselectivity and enantiospecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhanjan Mitra
- School of Chemical Sciences and Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Sophie M Connolly
- School of Chemical Sciences and Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Saud Ayidi
- School of Chemical Sciences and Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Mukulesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd, MI 48309, USA
| | - Manashi Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 2200 N. Squirrel Rd, MI 48309, USA
| | | | - Nessan J Kerrigan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Life Sciences Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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3
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Huang Y, Peng X, Li T. Recent Advances in NHC-Catalyzed Chemoselective Activation of Carbonyl Compounds. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400097. [PMID: 38451172 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalysts have been employed as effective tools in the development of various reactions, which have made notable contributions in developing diverse reaction modes and generating significant functionalized molecules. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in the chemo- and regioselective activation of different aldehydes using NHCs, categorized into five parts based on the different activation modes. A brief conclusion and outlook is provided to stimulate the development of novel activation modes for accessing functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaolin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
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4
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Banerjee S, Vanka K. The Role of Aromatic Alcohol Additives on Asymmetric Organocatalysis Reactions: Insights from Theory. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300997. [PMID: 38270228 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The presence of an aromatic additive has been seen to enhance, often significantly, the enantioselectivity and yield in asymmetric organocatalysis. Considering their success across a dizzying range of organocatalysts and organic transformations, it would seem unlikely that a common principle exists for their functioning. However, the current investigations with DFT suggest a general principle: the phenolic additive sandwiches itself, through hydrogen bonding and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking, between the organocatalyst coordinated electrophile and nucleophile. This is seen for a wide range of experimentally reported systems. That such complex formation leads to enhanced stereoselectivity is then demonstrated for two cases: the cinchona alkaloid complex (BzCPD), catalysing thiocyanation (2-naphthol additive employed), as well as for L-pipecolicacid catalysing the asymmetric nitroaldol reaction with a range of nitro-substituted phenol additives. These findings, indicating that dual catalysis takes place when phenolic additives are employed, are likely to have a significant impact on the field of asymmetric organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrashis Banerjee
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr.Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr.Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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5
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Wang X, Yang R, Zhu B, Liu Y, Song H, Dong J, Wang Q. Direct allylic acylation via cross-coupling involving cooperative N‑heterocyclic carbene, hydrogen atom transfer, and photoredox catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2951. [PMID: 37221185 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild, operationally simple, multicatalytic method for the synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated ketones via allylic acylation of alkenes. Specifically, the method combines N‑heterocyclic carbene catalysis, hydrogen atom transfer catalysis, and photoredox catalysis for cross-coupling reactions between a wide range of feedstock carboxylic acids and readily available olefins to afford structurally diverse β,γ-unsaturated ketones without olefin transposition. The method could be used to install acyl groups on highly functionalized natural-product-derived compounds with no need for substrate pre-activation, and C-H functionalization proceed with excellent site selectivity. To demonstrate the potential applications of the method, we convert a representative coupling product into various useful olefin synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Binbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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6
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Liu WD, Lee W, Shu H, Xiao C, Xu H, Chen X, Houk KN, Zhao J. Diastereoselective Radical Aminoacylation of Olefins through N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22767-22777. [PMID: 36423331 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
There have been significant advancements in radical-mediated reactions through covalent-based organocatalysis. Here, we present the generation of iminyl and amidyl radicals via N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis, enabling diastereoselective aminoacylation of trisubstituted alkenes. Different from photoredox catalysis, single electron transfer from the deprotonated Breslow intermediate to O-aryl hydroxylamine generates an NHC-bound ketyl radical, which undergoes diastereocontrolled cross-coupling with the prochiral C-centered radical. This operationally simple method provides a straightforward access to a variety of pyrroline and oxazolidinone heterocycles with vicinal stereocenters (77 examples, up to >19:1 d.r.). Electrochemical studies of the acyl thiazolium salts support our reaction design and highlight the reducing ability of Breslow-type derivatives. A detailed computational analysis of this organocatalytic system suggests that radical-radical coupling is the rate-determining step, in which π-π stacking interaction between the radical intermediates subtly controls the diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Deng Liu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, P. R. China
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, California, Los Angeles90095-1569, United States
| | - Hanyu Shu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, P. R. China
| | - Chuyu Xiao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, P. R. China
| | - Huiwei Xu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, California, Los Angeles90095-1569, United States
| | - Kendall N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, California, Los Angeles90095-1569, United States
| | - Jiannan Zhao
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian116024, P. R. China
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7
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Chi YR. Exploring Molecular Complexity by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis: New Activation and Reaction Diversity. CHEM REC 2022:e202200219. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Max Schwenzer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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[3+2] Cycloaddition of alkyl aldehydes and alkynes enabled by photoinduced hydrogen atom transfer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4734. [PMID: 35961987 PMCID: PMC9374768 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
[3+2] Cycloaddition is a step- and atom-economic method for the synthesis of five-membered rings. Despite the great success of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, the radical [3+2] annulation of alkynes remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a photoinduced decatungstate-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of various internal alkynes using abundant aliphatic aldehydes as a three-carbon synthon is developed, producing elaborate cyclopentanones in 100% atom economy with excellent site-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity under mild conditions. The catalytic cycle consists of hydrogen atom abstraction from aldehydes, radical addition, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer, anti-Baldwin 5-endo-trig cyclization, and back hydrogen abstraction. The power of this method is showcased by the late-stage elaboration of medicinally relevant molecules and total or formal synthesis of (±)-β-cuparenone, (±)-laurokamurene B, and (±)-cuparene. In contrast to the prevalence of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, radical [3+2] annulations of alkynes are underexplored. Here, the authors describe [3+2] cycloadditions of various internal alkynes with readily accessible aliphatic aldehydes via photoinduced decatungstate catalysis.
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10
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Du HW, Liu MS, Shu W. Synthesis of β-Thiolated-α-arylated Ketones Enabled by Photoredox and N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Radical Relay of Alkenes with Disulfides and Aldehydes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5519-5524. [PMID: 35862874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
β-Thiolated-α-arylated ketones are perversive in bioactive molecules and serve as potential bidentate ligands for catalysis. Herein, a straightforward protocol to access β-thiolated ketones from aldehydes, alkenes, and disulfides enabled by the combination of photocatalysis and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis is reported. The sequential radical addition to alkenes and subsequent radical-radical coupling cascade process simultaneously forge C-S and C-C bonds. The mild conditions allow for radical relay coupling with a broad functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wu Du
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Shang Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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11
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Assembly of versatile fluorine-containing structures via N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Machín Rivera R, Burton NR, Call LD, Tomat MA, Lindsay VNG. Synthesis of Highly Congested Tertiary Alcohols via the [3,3] Radical Deconstruction of Breslow Intermediates. Org Lett 2022; 24:4275-4280. [PMID: 35657720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pericyclic processes such as [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements leading to the rapid generation of molecular complexity constitute highly valuable tools in organic synthesis. Herein, we report the formation of particularly hindered tertiary alcohols via rearrangement of Breslow intermediates formed in situ from readily available N-allyl thiazolium salts and benzaldehyde derivatives. Experimental mechanistic studies performed suggest that the reaction proceeds via a close radical pair which recombine in a regio- and diastereoselective manner, formally leading to [3,3]-rearranged products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Machín Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Nikolas R Burton
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Luke D Call
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Marshall A Tomat
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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13
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Ren SC, Yang X, Mondal B, Mou C, Tian W, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene and photocatalyst-catalyzed decarboxylative radical coupling of carboxylic acids and acyl imidazoles to form ketones. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2846. [PMID: 35606378 PMCID: PMC9126905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbene and photocatalyst co-catalyzed radical coupling of acyl electrophile and a radical precursor is emerging as attractive method for ketone synthesis. However, previous reports mainly limited to prefunctionalized radical precursors and two-component coupling. Herein, an N-heterocyclic carbene and photocatalyst catalyzed decarboxylative radical coupling of carboxylic acids and acyl imidazoles is disclosed, in which the carboxylic acids are directly used as radical precursors. The acyl imidazoles could also be generated in situ by reaction of a carboxylic acid with CDI thus furnishing a formally decarboxylative coupling of two carboxylic acids. In addition, the reaction is successfully extended to three-component coupling by using alkene as a third coupling partner via a radical relay process. The mild conditions, operational simplicity, and use of carboxylic acids as the reacting partners make our method a powerful strategy for construction of complex ketones from readily available starting materials, and late-stage modification of natural products and medicines. The combination of carbene- and photocatalysis has enabled unorthodox routes to ketone syntheses, but usually requires engineered or activated substrates. Herein the authors present a carbene- and photocatalytic decarboxylative radical coupling of carboxylic acids and acyl imidazoles, in which the carboxylic acids are directly used as radical precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Ren
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China.,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Bivas Mondal
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Chengli Mou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Weiyi Tian
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, China. .,Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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14
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Li QZ, Zeng R, Fan Y, Liu YQ, Qi T, Zhang X, Li JL. Remote C(sp 3 )-H Acylation of Amides and Cascade Cyclization via N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116629. [PMID: 35112461 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of inert C(sp3 )-H bonds under environmentally benign catalytic conditions remains a challenging task in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report an organocatalytic remote C(sp3 )-H acylation of amides and cascade cyclization through a radical-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer mechanism using N-heterocyclic carbene as the catalyst. Notably, a diversity of nitrogen-containing substrates, including simple linear aliphatic carbamates and ortho-alkyl benzamides, can be successfully applied to this organocatalytic system. With the established protocol, over 120 examples of functionalized δ-amino ketones and isoquinolinones with diverse substituents were easily synthesized in up to 99 % yield under mild conditions. The robustness and generality of the organocatalytic strategy were further highlighted by the successful acylation of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds and late-stage modification of pharmaceutical molecules. Then, the asymmetric control of the radical reaction was attempted and proven feasible by using a newly designed chiral thiazolium catalyst, and moderate enantioselectivity was obtained at the current stage. Preliminary mechanistic investigations including several control reactions, KIE experiments, and computational studies shed light on the organocatalytic radical reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Ting Qi
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.,College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
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15
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Choi H, Mathi GR, Hong S, Hong S. Enantioselective functionalization at the C4 position of pyridinium salts through NHC catalysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1776. [PMID: 35365667 PMCID: PMC8975994 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A catalytic method for the enantioselective and C4-selective functionalization of pyridine derivatives is yet to be developed. Herein, we report an efficient method for the asymmetric β-pyridylations of enals that involve N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis with excellent control over enantioselectivity and pyridyl C4-selectivity. The key strategy for precise stereocontrol involves enhancing interactions between the chiral NHC-bound homoenolate and pyridinium salt in the presence of hexafluorobenzene, which effectively differentiates the two faces of the homoenolate radical. Room temperature is sufficient for this transformation, and reaction efficiency is further accelerated by photo-mediation. This methodology exhibits broad functional group tolerance and enables facile access to a diverse range of enantioenriched β-pyridyl carbonyl compounds under mild and metal-free conditions. A catalytic method for the enantioselective and C4-selective functionalization of pyridine derivatives is yet to be developed. Here the authors report an efficient method for the asymmetric β-pyridylations of enals that involve N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis with excellent control over enantioselectivity and pyridyl C4-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyeol Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Gangadhar Rao Mathi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Seonghyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Korea. .,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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16
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Li Q, Zeng R, Fan Y, Liu Y, Qi T, Zhang X, Li J. Remote C(sp
3
)−H Acylation of Amides and Cascade Cyclization via N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Yang Fan
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Yan‐Qing Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Ting Qi
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
- College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
| | - Jun‐Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University Chengdu 610106 China
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17
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Wang X, Zhu B, Liu Y, Wang Q. Combined Photoredox and Carbene Catalysis for the Synthesis of α-Amino Ketones from Carboxylic Acids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binbing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
Inspired by the role of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) in natural enzymatic processes, chemists have harnessed the umpolung (polarity reversal) reactivity of these reactive, Lewis basic species over the past few decades to construct key chemical bonds. While NHCs continue to play a role in two-electron transformations, their unique redox properties enable a variety of useful, stabilized radical species to be accessed via single-electron oxidation or reduction. As a result, their utility in synthesis has grown rapidly concurrent with the revival of radical chemistry, highlighted by their extensive use as reactive single-electron species in recent years.
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19
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Mondal S, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Sibi MP, Bertrand MP, Nechab M. Enantioselective Radical Reactions Using Chiral Catalysts. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5842-5976. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shovan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Syamsundar College, Shyamsundar 713424, West Bengal, India
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Mukund P. Sibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Michèle P. Bertrand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
| | - Malek Nechab
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, F-13390e Marseille, France
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20
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Wang D, Ackermann L. Three-component carboacylation of alkenes via cooperative nickelaphotoredox catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7256-7263. [PMID: 35799820 PMCID: PMC9214884 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02277j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Various commercially available acyl chlorides, aldehydes, and alkanes were exploited for versatile three-component 1,2-carboacylations of alkenes to forge two vicinal C–C bonds through the cooperative action of nickel and sodium decatungstate catalysis. A wealth of ketones with high levels of structural complexity was rapidly obtained via direct functionalization of C(sp2)/C(sp3)–H bonds in a modular manner. Furthermore, a regioselective late-stage modification of natural products showcased the practical utility of the strategy, generally featuring high resource economy and ample substrate scope. Various commercially available acyl chlorides, aldehydes, and alkanes were exploited for versatile three-component 1,2-carboacylations of alkenes to forge two vicinal C–C bonds through the cooperative action of nickel and sodium decatungstate catalysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany
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21
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Delfau L, Nichilo S, Molton F, Broggi J, Tomás‐Mendivil E, Martin D. Critical Assessment of the Reducing Ability of Breslow‐type Derivatives and Implications for Carbene‐Catalyzed Radical Reactions**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR) 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille France
| | | | - David Martin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes CNRS DCM 38000 Grenoble France
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22
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Abstract
The radical relay coupling reaction recently emerged as a powerful synthetic strategy for producing tetrasubstituted allenes. However, bond-forming processes involving the allenyl radical intermediate are mostly limited to those promoted by transition metals. In this report, we describe that a ketyl radical generated from single-electron oxidation of the Breslow intermediate is an excellent coupling partner of allenyl radicals. An organocatalytic 1,4-alkylacylation of 1,3-enynes occurred smoothly in the presence of an aldehyde, a radical precursor, and an N-heterocyclic carbene catalyst. This transformation showed remarkable tolerance to both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, enyne substitution, and diversified radical precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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23
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Delfau L, Nichilo S, Molton F, Broggi J, Tomás-Mendivil E, Martin D. Critical Assessment of the Reducing Ability of Breslow-type Derivatives and Implications for Carbene-Catalyzed Radical Reactions*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26783-26789. [PMID: 34651408 PMCID: PMC9299025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of acyl azolium salts stemming from thiazolylidenes CNS, triazolylidenes CTN, mesoionic carbenes CMIC and the generation of their corresponding radicals and enolates, covering about 60 Breslow‐type derivatives. This study highlights the role of additives in the redox behavior of these compounds and unveils several critical misconceptions about radical transformations of aldehyde derivatives under N‐heterocyclic carbene catalysis. In particular, the reducing ability of enolates has been dramatically underestimated in the case of biomimetic CNS. In contrast with previous electrochemical studies, we show that these catalytic intermediates can transfer electrons to iodobenzene within minutes at room temperature. Enols derived from CMIC are not the previously claimed super electron donors, although enolate derivatives of CNS and CMIC are powerful reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Molton
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Broggi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | | | - David Martin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
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24
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Bellotti P, Koy M, Hopkinson MN, Glorius F. Recent advances in the chemistry and applications of N-heterocyclic carbenes. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:711-725. [PMID: 37118184 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes, despite being isolated and characterized three decades ago, still capture scientists' interest as versatile, modular and strongly coordinating moieties. In the last decade, driven by the increasingly refined fundamental understanding of their behaviour, the emergence of new carbene frameworks and cogent sustainability issues, N-heterocyclic carbenes have experienced a tremendous increase in utilization across several disparate fields. In this Review, a concise overview of N-heterocyclic carbenes encompassing their history, properties and applications in transition metal catalysis, on-surface chemistry, main group chemistry and organocatalysis is provided. Emphasis is placed on developments emerging in the last seven years and on envisaging future directions.
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25
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Li Z, Huang M, Zhang X, Chen J, Huang Y. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Four-Component Reaction: Chemoselective Cradical-Cradical Relay Coupling Involving the Homoenolate Intermediate. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Meirong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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26
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Liu MS, Min L, Chen BH, Shu W. Dual Catalysis Relay: Coupling of Aldehydes and Alkenes Enabled by Visible-Light and NHC-Catalyzed Cross-Double C–H Functionalizations. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shang Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lin Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Bi-Hong Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P.R. China
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27
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Mondal R, Agbaria M, Nairoukh Z. Fluorinated Rings: Conformation and Application. Chemistry 2021; 27:7193-7213. [PMID: 33512034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of fluorine atoms into molecules and materials across many fields of academic and industrial research is now commonplace, owing to their unique properties. A particularly interesting feature is the impact of fluorine substitution on the relative orientation of a C-F bond when incorporated into organic molecules. In this Review, we will be discussing the conformational behavior of fluorinated aliphatic carbo- and heterocyclic systems. The conformational preference of each system is associated with various interactions introduced by fluorine substitution such as charge-dipole, dipole-dipole, and hyperconjugative interactions. The contribution of each interaction on the stabilization of the fluorinated alicyclic system, which manifests itself in low conformations, will be discussed in detail. The novelty of this feature will be demonstrated by presenting the most recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mondal
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Mohamed Agbaria
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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28
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Wang Z, Liu Q, Wang K, Liu M, Han Y, Sun A, Ma X. NHC‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of α,β‐unsaturated Aldehydes with Benzyl Ketones: Direct Access to 4,5,6‐Trisubstituted Dihydropyranones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan‐Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Qingling Liu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Kai‐Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Menghan Liu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Yafei Han
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Aili Sun
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
| | - Xueji Ma
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang University Xinxiang Henan 453003 P. R. China
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29
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Ren SC, Lv WX, Yang X, Yan JL, Xu J, Wang FX, Hao L, Chai H, Jin Z, Chi YR. Carbene-Catalyzed Alkylation of Carboxylic Esters via Direct Photoexcitation of Acyl Azolium Intermediates. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Chao Ren
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wen-Xin Lv
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xing Yang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jia-Lei Yan
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Huifang Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
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30
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31
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Abstract
A NHC-catalyzed metal-free oxindole synthesis method is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengming Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Lixia Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
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32
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Zhang Z, Zou X, Li Z, Gao Y, Qu Y, Quan Y, Zhou Y, Li J, Sun J, Guo K. N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed radical ring-opening acylation of oxime esters with aldehydes. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a radical cross-coupling of cycloketone oxime esters with aldehydes by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis. This protocol features easy operation, with no need for external redox reagent, and a broad functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yusheng Quan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jinlan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road South, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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33
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Tang N, Xu Y, Niu T, Yang S, Dong H, Wu X, Zhu C. A radical [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of difluorocyclopentanones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00201e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a novel radical-mediated [3 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of alkenes to afford difluorocyclopentanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Tao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Shan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Hongchun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Xinxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
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34
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Guo J, Han J, Zhou X, Fu Z. Asymmetric synthesis of γ-lactams under low-loading N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00743b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Low-loading N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed oxidative formal [3 + 2] annulation of enals with N-Ts diethyl aminomalonate has been successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jingcheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jinna Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiangui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Zhenqian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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35
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Hosseinzadeh E, Heydari A. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed oxidative [3+2] annulation of dioxindoles and enals: mechanism, role of NHC, role of a mixture of bases with different strength, and origin of stereoselectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28269-28276. [PMID: 33295368 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, in-depth understanding of the mechanism of oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed reactions in the presence of a mild oxidant and the structure of key radical intermediates have been considered as an important challenge in organic chemistry. Furthermore, the role of using a mixture of bases with different strengths is unclear in NHC-catalyzed reactions. In this paper, the detailed competing oxidative mechanisms, origin of stereoselectivity, and role of the NHC-organocatalyst in the NHC-catalyzed reactions of dioxindoles with enals were studied using the density functional theory method. In addition, the roles of newly produced Brønsted acids of the applied bases, i.e.DBU·H+ and DABCO·H+, are examined. The computational results indicated that the oxidation of the Breslow intermediate by nitrobenzene (NB) occurs first through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway from the Breslow intermediate, and then it is oxidized into acyl azolium by single electron transfer (SET). We found that the energy barrier of the proton transfer processes is remarkably reduced by the conjugated Brønsted acid of the weaker base in the solution. Further, the calculated results revealed that the NHC catalyst has different behavior before and after the oxidation of the Breslow intermediate in these reactions. Before oxidation, the nucleophilicity of R1 increased by adding R1 to NHC, while, after the oxidation process, the electrophilicity of R1 increases, and as a result the product of oxidation, α, β unsaturated acyl azolium, acts as an electrophile. This mechanistic study paves the way for the rational design of oxidative NHC-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
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36
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Gao Y, Quan Y, Li Z, Gao L, Zhang Z, Zou X, Yan R, Qu Y, Guo K. Organocatalytic Three-Component 1,2-Cyanoalkylacylation of Alkenes via Radical Relay. Org Lett 2020; 23:183-189. [PMID: 33336577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report an unprecedented regioselective, intermolecular 1,2-cyanoalkylacylation of feedstock alkenes with readily available oxime esters and aldehydes by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis. The crux of this success is the exquisite control over the radical relay process by an NHC organocatalyst. This protocol offers a general platform for diversity-oriented synthesis of valuable ketonitriles under mild, transition-metal-free, and redox-neutral conditions and highlights its potential in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutical architectures and natural products.
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37
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Li Q, Zeng R, Han B, Li J. Single‐Electron Transfer Reactions Enabled by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2020; 27:3238-3250. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics Chengdu University Chengdu 610052 P.R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics Chengdu University Chengdu 610052 P.R. China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 P.R. China
| | - Jun‐Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics Chengdu University Chengdu 610052 P.R. China
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38
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Chen KQ, Sheng H, Liu Q, Shao PL, Chen XY. N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed radical reactions. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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39
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Sheng H, Liu Q, Su XD, Lu Y, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Visible-Light-Triggered Iodinations Facilitated by Weak Electrostatic Interaction of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:7187-7192. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He Sheng
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Di Su
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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40
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Liu J, Xing XN, Huang JH, Lu LQ, Xiao WJ. Light opens a new window for N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10605-10613. [PMID: 34094315 PMCID: PMC8162372 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are efficient Lewis basic catalysts for the umpolung of various polarized unsaturated compounds usually including aldehydes, imines, acyl chlorides and activated esters. NHC catalysis involving electron pair transfer steps has been extensively studied; however, NHC catalysis through single-electron transfer (SET) processes, despite having the potential to achieve chemical transformations of inert chemical bonds and using green reagents, has long been a challenging task in organic synthesis. In parallel, visible-light-induced photocatalysis and photoexcitation have been established as powerful tools to facilitate sustainable organic synthesis, as they enable the generation of various reactive radical intermediates under extremely mild conditions. Recently, a number of elegant visible-light-induced, NHC-catalyzed transformations were developed for accessing valuable organic compounds. As a result, this minireview will highlight the recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University 152 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430079 China http://chem-xiao.ccnu.edu.cn
| | - Xiao-Ning Xing
- Anyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences 833 Wenming Road Anyang Henan China
| | - Jin-Hai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University 152 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430079 China http://chem-xiao.ccnu.edu.cn
| | - Liang-Qiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University 152 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430079 China http://chem-xiao.ccnu.edu.cn
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University 152 Luoyu Road Wuhan Hubei 430079 China http://chem-xiao.ccnu.edu.cn
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41
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Mavroskoufis A, Jakob M, Hopkinson MN. Light‐Promoted Organocatalysis with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mavroskoufis
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Jakob
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthew N. Hopkinson
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Fabeckstrasse 34–36 14195 Berlin Germany
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42
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Chen X, Wang H, Jin Z, Chi YR. N
‐Heterocyclic
Carbene Organocatalysis: Activation Modes and Typical Reactive Intermediates. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingkuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University Guangzhou Guangdong 510632 China
| | - Hongling Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang Guizhou 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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43
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Ishii T, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. Recent advances in N-heterocyclic carbene-based radical catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5630-5636. [PMID: 34094077 PMCID: PMC8159350 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01538e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, a number of enzymes use thiamine diphosphate as a coenzyme to catalyze the pyruvate decarboxylation. The resultant enamine, a so-called "Breslow intermediate," is known to perform single electron transfer to various electron acceptors. Inspired by this enzymatic catalysis, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed radical reactions have been developed. This minireview highlights the recent progress and developments in NHC-based radical catalysis. This minireview is categorized according to the reaction types; oxidation type reaction and carbon-carbon bond formation through single electron transfer/radical-radical coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishii
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
- JST, PRESTO 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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44
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Jenkins AD, Robo MT, Zimmerman PM, Montgomery J. Nickel-Catalyzed Three-Component Cycloadditions of Enoates, Alkynes, and Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2956-2965. [PMID: 32004432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A method for the three-component cycloaddition of enoates, alkynes, and aldehydes has been developed. Building upon previous work by this group in which stoichiometrically generated metallacycles undergo alkylation, we report a catalytic, alkylative [3 + 2] cycloaddition. From simple starting materials, structurally complex cyclopentenones may be rapidly assembled. Computational investigation of the mechanism (ωB97X-D3/cc-pVTZ//ωB97X/6-31G(d)) identified three energetically feasible pathways. Based on the relative rates of ketene formation compared to isomerization to a seven-membered metallacycle, the most likely mechanism has been determined to occur "ketene-first", with carbocyclization prior to aldol addition. Deuterium labeling studies suggest that formation of the seven-membered metallacycle becomes possible when an α-substituted enoate is used. This observed change in selectivity is due to the increased difficulty of phenoxide elimination with the inclusion of additional steric bulk of the α-substituent. The net transformation results in a [3 + 2] cycloaddition accompanied by an alkylation of the enoate substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aireal D Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Michael T Robo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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45
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Mavroskoufis A, Rajes K, Golz P, Agrawal A, Ruß V, Götze JP, Hopkinson MN. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Photoenolization/Diels-Alder Reaction of Acid Fluorides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3190-3194. [PMID: 31814280 PMCID: PMC7027522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The combination of light activation and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis has enabled the use of acid fluorides as substrates in a UVA-light-mediated photochemical transformation previously observed only with aromatic aldehydes and ketones. Stoichiometric studies and TD-DFT calculations support a mechanism involving the photoactivation of an ortho-toluoyl azolium intermediate, which exhibits "ketone-like" photochemical reactivity under UVA irradiation. Using this photo-NHC catalysis approach, a novel photoenolization/Diels-Alder (PEDA) process was developed that leads to diverse isochroman-1-one derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mavroskoufis
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustraße 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Keerthana Rajes
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustraße 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Paul Golz
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustraße 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Arush Agrawal
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustraße 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Vincent Ruß
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustraße 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Jan P. Götze
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustraße 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Matthew N. Hopkinson
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinTakustraße 314195BerlinGermany
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Li J, Liu Y, Zou W, Zeng R, Zhang X, Liu Y, Han B, He Y, Leng H, Li Q. Radical Acylfluoroalkylation of Olefins through N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1863-1870. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yan‐Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine ResourcesSchool of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Wen‐Lin Zou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yue Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine ResourcesSchool of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Yu He
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Hai‐Jun Leng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Qing‐Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
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47
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Mavroskoufis A, Rajes K, Golz P, Agrawal A, Ruß V, Götze JP, Hopkinson MN. Durch N‐heterocyclische Carbene katalysierte Photoenolisierungs‐Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion von Säurefluoriden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mavroskoufis
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Keerthana Rajes
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Paul Golz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Arush Agrawal
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Vincent Ruß
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jan P. Götze
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Matthew N. Hopkinson
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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48
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Zhang B, Peng Q, Guo D, Wang J. NHC-Catalyzed Radical Trifluoromethylation Enabled by Togni Reagent. Org Lett 2020; 22:443-447. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiupeng Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Donghui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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49
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Liu Q, Chen XY. Dual N-heterocyclic carbene/photocatalysis: a new strategy for radical processes. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00494d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dual N-heterocyclic carbene/photocatalysis displays unique features compared with the traditional methods and indicates high potential for new radical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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50
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Li J, Liu Y, Zou W, Zeng R, Zhang X, Liu Y, Han B, He Y, Leng H, Li Q. Radical Acylfluoroalkylation of Olefins through N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yan‐Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine ResourcesSchool of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Wen‐Lin Zou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yue Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine ResourcesSchool of PharmacyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Yu He
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Hai‐Jun Leng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
| | - Qing‐Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Industrial Institute of AntibioticsChengdu University Chengdu 610052 China
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