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Yue H, Wang Y, Luo S, Guo J, Jin J, Li G, Meng Z, Zhang L, Zhou D, Zhen Y, Hu W. In situ continuous hydrogen-bonded engineering for intrinsically stretchable and healable high-mobility polymer semiconductors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadq0171. [PMID: 39356754 PMCID: PMC11446264 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
As a key component for wearable electronics, intrinsically stretchable and healable semiconducting polymers are scarce because carrier mobility is often reduced with increasing stretchability and self-healability. Here, we combine stepwise polymerization and thermal conversion to introduce in situ continuous hydrogen bonding sites in a polymer backbone without breaking the conjugation or introducing bulky softer side chains, benefiting the intrachain and interchain charge transport. We demonstrate that a regular sequence structure facilitated the formation of big nanofibers with a high degree of aggregation, providing the loose and porous thin film with simultaneously improved charge transport, stretchability, and self-healability. The mobility of damaged devices can be recovered to 81% after a healing treatment. Fully stretchable transistor based on the designed polymer exhibited a greatly enhanced mobility up to 1.08 square centimeters per volt per second under 100% strain, which is an unprecedented value and constitutes a major step for the development of intrinsically stretchable and healable semiconducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoguo Yue
- Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shaochuan Luo
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Junfeng Guo
- Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gongxi Li
- Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhihao Meng
- Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yonggang Zhen
- Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Wu B, Wu T, Huang Z, Ji S. Advancing Flexible Sensors through On-Demand Regulation of Supramolecular Nanostructures. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22664-22674. [PMID: 39152049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c08310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of flexible sensors heavily relies on advances in soft-material design and sensing mechanisms. Supramolecular chemistry offers a powerful toolbox for manipulating nanoscale and molecular structures within soft materials, thus fostering recent advancements in flexible sensors and electronics. Supramolecular interactions have been utilized to nanoengineer functional sensing materials or construct chemical sensors with lower cost and broader targets. In this perspective, we will highlight the use of supramolecular interactions to regulate and optimize nanostructures within functional soft materials and illustrate their importance in expanding the nanocavities of bioreceptors for chemical sensing. Overall, a bridge between tissue-mimicking flexible sensors and cell-mimetic supramolecular chemistry has been built, which will further advance human healthcare innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohang Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), College of Nano Science and Technology (CNST), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Zehuan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Shaobo Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), College of Nano Science and Technology (CNST), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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3
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Kahl RT, Erhardt A, Krauss G, Seibold F, Dolynchuk O, Thelakkat M, Thurn-Albrecht T. Effect of Chemical Modification on Molecular Ordering in Polydiketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers: From Liquid Crystalline to Crystalline. Macromolecules 2024; 57:5243-5252. [PMID: 38882198 PMCID: PMC11173490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.4c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The chemical architecture of conjugated polymers is often designed by contemplating and understanding the consequences of structural changes on electronic properties at the molecular level. However, even minor changes to the chemical structure of a polymer can significantly influence the packing arrangement, which also influences the electronic properties of the bulk material. Here, we investigate the molecular arrangement in the ordered state at room temperature of a series of three different polydiketopyrrolopyrroles (PDPPs) in bulk and oriented thin films in detail by wide-angle X-ray scattering and by atomic force microscopy. The changes in the chemical structure of the investigated PDPPs, namely, an additional side chain or a different flanking unit, lead to an increase in long-range order and thereby to a change in the phase state from sanidic ordered via sanidic rectangular or oblique to crystalline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Kahl
- Experimental Polymer Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Erhardt
- Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gert Krauss
- Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Seibold
- Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Dolynchuk
- Experimental Polymer Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Experimental Polymer Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
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4
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Wang G, Tang BZ, Gu X. Manipulation of Nonradiative Process Based on the Aggregation Microenvironment to Customize Excited-State Energy Conversion. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1360-1371. [PMID: 38669148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusNonradiative processes with the determined role in excited-state energy conversion, such as internal conversion (IC), vibrational relaxation (VR), intersystem crossing (ISC), and energy or electron transfer (ET or eT), have exerted a crucial effect on biological functions in nature. Inspired by these, nonradiative process manipulation has been extensively utilized to develop organic functional materials in the fields of energy and biomedicine. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge and effective manipulation of sophisticated nonradiative processes for achieving high-efficiency excited-state energy conversion are quintessential. So far, many strategies focused on molecular engineering have demonstrated tremendous potential in manipulating nonradiative processes to tailor excited-state energy conversion. Besides, molecular aggregation considerably affects nonradiative processes due to their ultrasensitivity, thus providing us with another essential approach to manipulating nonradiative processes, such as the famous aggregation-induced emission. However, the weak interactions established upon aggregation, namely, the aggregation microenvironment (AME), possess hierarchical, dynamic, and systemic characteristics and are extremely complicated to elucidate. Revealing the relationship between the AME and nonradiative process and employing it to customize excited-state energy conversion would greatly promote advanced materials in energy utilization, biomedicine, etc., but remain a huge challenge. Our group has devoted much effort to achieving this goal.In this Account, we focus on our recent developments in nonradiative process manipulation based on AME. First, we provide insight into the effect of the AME on nonradiative process in terms of its steric effect and electronic regulation, illustrating the possibility of nonradiative process manipulation through AME modulation. Second, the distinct enhanced steric effect is established by crystallization and heterogeneous polymerization to conduct crystallization-induced reversal from dark to bright excited states and dynamic hardening-triggered nonradiative process suppression for highly efficient luminescence. Meanwhile, promoting the ISC process and stabilizing the triplet state are also manipulated by the crystal and polymer matrix to induce room-temperature phosphorescence. Furthermore, the strategies employed to exploit nonradiative processes for photothermy and photosensitization are reviewed. For photothermal conversion, besides the weakened steric effect with promoted molecular motions, a new strategy involving the introduction of diradicals upon aggregation to narrow the energy band gap and enhance intermolecular interactions is put forward to facilitate IC and VR for high-efficiency photothermal conversion. For photosensitization, both the enhanced steric effect from the rigid matrix and the effective electronic regulation from the electron-rich microenvironment are demonstrated to facilitate ISC, ET, and eT for superior photosensitization. Finally, we explore the existing challenges and future directions of nonradiative process manipulation by AME modulation for customized excited-state energy conversion. We hope that this Account will be of wide interest to readers from different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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5
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Martinez G, Id-Boubrik I, Matsuda W, Carmona-Vargas CC, Hong KI, Munuera C, Seki S, Ruiz-Carretero A. Urea-Comprising Single Core Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives: Exploring the Synthesis, Self-Assembly and Charge Transport Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400392. [PMID: 38391395 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular electronics exploits the distinctive features stemming from noncovalent interactions, guiding the self-assembly of molecules to craft materials endowed with customized electronic functionalities. Hydrogen-bonded materials, characterized by their capacity to establish dynamic and stable networks, introduce an extra dimension to the development of supramolecular electronic systems. This study presents a comparative analysis of two remarkably small semiconductors utilizing diketopyrrolopyrrole functionalized with urea units as hydrogen-bonding motifs, strategically positioned at opposing ends of the conjugated core. We show how the subtle distinction in functionalization not only influences morphology and self-assembly dynamics via hydrogen-bonding and π-π stacking formation, but also holds significant consequences for ultimate charge transport properties. Our observations into the interplay of noncovalent interactions provide valuable insights and strategic pathways for the design of novel materials with enhanced electronic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Martinez
- University of Strasbourg, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Imrane Id-Boubrik
- University of Strasbourg, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Christian C Carmona-Vargas
- University of Strasbourg, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Kyeong-Im Hong
- University of Strasbourg, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Munuera
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Amparo Ruiz-Carretero
- University of Strasbourg, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Zhang J, Chen Q, Li M, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Deng X, Xue J, Zhao C, Xiao C, Ma W, Li W. Carboxylating Elastomer via Thiol-Ene Click Reaction to Improve Miscibility with Conjugated Polymers for Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312805. [PMID: 38319917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating flexible insulating polymers is a straightforward strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of rigid conjugated polymers, enabling their use in flexible electronic devices. However, maintaining electronic characteristics simultaneously is challenging due to the poor miscibility between insulating polymers and conjugated polymers. This study introduces the carboxylation of insulating polymers as an effective strategy to enhance miscibility with conjugated polymers via surface energy modulation and hydrogen bonding. The carboxylated elastomer, synthesized via a thiol-ene click reaction, closely matches the surface energy of the conjugated polymer. This significantly improves the mechanical properties, achieving a high crack-onset strain of 21.48%, surpassing that (5.93%) of the unmodified elastomer:conjugated polymer blend. Upon incorporating the carboxylated elastomer into PM6:L8-BO-based organic solar cells, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.04% is attained, which top-performs among insulating polymer-incorporated devices and outperforms devices with unmodified elastomer or neat PM6:L8-BO. The superior efficiency is attributed to the optimized microstructures and enhanced crystallinity for efficient and balanced charge transport, and suppressed charge recombination. Furthermore, flexible devices with 5% carboxylated elastomer exhibit superior mechanical stability, retaining ≈88.9% of the initial efficiency after 40 000 bending cycles at a 1 mm radius, surpassing ≈83.5% for devices with 5% unmodified elastomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Guangcong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiangmeng Deng
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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7
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Wan Q, Thompson BC. Control of Properties through Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305356. [PMID: 37946703 PMCID: PMC10885672 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular design is crucial for endowing conjugated polymers (CPs) with unique properties and enhanced electronic performance. Introducing Hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) into CPs has been a broadly exploited, yet still emerging strategy capable of tuning a range of properties encompassing solubility, crystallinity, electronic properties, solid-state morphology, and stability, as well as mechanical properties and self-healing properties. Different H-bonding groups can be utilized to tailor CPs properties based on the applications of interest. This review provides an overview of classes of H-bonding CPs (assorted by the different H-bond functional groups), the synthetic methods to introduce the corresponding H-bond functional groups and the impact of H-bonding in CPs on corresponding electronic and materials properties. Recent advances in addressing the trade-off between electronic performance and mechanical durability are also highlighted. Furthermore, insights into future directions and prospects for H-bonded CPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
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8
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Xue X, Li C, Shangguan Z, Gao C, Chenchai K, Liao J, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang D. Intrinsically Stretchable and Healable Polymer Semiconductors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305800. [PMID: 38115748 PMCID: PMC10885676 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, polymer semiconductors, extensively employed as charge transport layers in devices like organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), have undergone thorough investigation due to their capacity for large-area solution processing, making them promising for mass production. Research efforts have been twofold: enhancing the charge mobilities of polymer semiconductors and augmenting their mechanical properties to meet the demands of flexible devices. Significant progress has been made in both realms, propelling the practical application of polymer semiconductors in flexible electronics. However, integrating excellent semiconducting and mechanical properties into a single polymer still remains a significant challenge. This review intends to introduce the design strategies and discuss the properties of high-charge mobility stretchable conjugated polymers. In addition, another key challenge faced in this cutting-edge field is maintaining stable semiconducting performance during long-term mechanical deformations. Therefore, this review also discusses the development of healable polymer semiconductors as a promising avenue to improve the lifetime of stretchable device. In conclusion, challenges and outline future research perspectives in this interdisciplinary field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaiyuan Chenchai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junchao Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Reiker T, Liu Z, Winter C, Cappellari MV, Abradelo DG, Strassert CA, Zhang D, Zacharias H. Ultrafast electron dynamics in excited states of conjugated thiophene-fluorene organic polymer (pF8T2) thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4736-4751. [PMID: 38251969 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00502j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The electronic states of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-alt-bithiophene) pF8T2 on H/Si(100) substrates, prototypical for organic photovoltaics, were investigated by ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy and by time-resolved fluorescence studies. Occupied and unoccupied electronic states were analysed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), static and dynamic femtosecond two-photon photoemission (2PPE), and time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC). Time-resolved measurements allow assessment of population lifetimes of intermediate states. The combination of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation allows following the electronic dynamics in excited states from the femtosecond to the nanosecond time scale. For this prototypical material the electron kinetic energy resolved lifetimes range from about a few tens of femtoseconds up to hundreds of picoseconds. After annealing these types of organic thin films the efficiency of organic solar cells usually increases. We show that annealing does not influence the initial ultrafast charge generation processes, but the long-lived states. However, the nanosecond scale fluorescence lifetimes measured by TCSPC are prolonged after annealing, which therefore is identified as the cause of a greater exciton diffusion range and thus is beneficial for charge carrier extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Reiker
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
- Physics Institute, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Z Liu
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - C Winter
- Physics Institute, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M V Cappellari
- Center for Nanotechnology and Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Gonzalez Abradelo
- Center for Nanotechnology and Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C A Strassert
- Center for Nanotechnology and Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - D Zhang
- Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - H Zacharias
- Center for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
- Physics Institute, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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10
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Xu M, Wei C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li H, Zhang J, Sun L, Liu B, Lin J, Yu M, Xie L, Huang W. Coplanar Conformational Structure of π-Conjugated Polymers for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301671. [PMID: 37364981 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical structure of conjugated polymers is critical to dominating their optoelectronic properties and applications. Compared to nonplanar conformational segments, coplanar conformational segments of conjugated polymers (CPs) demonstrate favorable properties for applications as a semiconductor. Herein, recent developments in the coplanar conformational structure of CPs for optoelectronic devices are summarized. First, this review comprehensively summarizes the unique properties of planar conformational structures. Second, the characteristics of the coplanar conformation in terms of optoelectrical properties and other polymer physics characteristics are emphasized. Five primary characterization methods for investigating the complanate backbone structures are illustrated, providing a systematical toolbox for studying this specific conformation. Third, internal and external conditions for inducing the coplanar conformational structure are presented, offering guidelines for designing this conformation. Fourth, the optoelectronic applications of this segment, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and field-effect transistors, are briefly summarized. Finally, a conclusion and outlook for the coplanar conformational segment regarding molecular design and applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengna Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & School of Chemistry and Life Sciences & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) & Shaanxi Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (SIBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
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11
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Zhou Y, Zhang K, Chen Z, Zhang H. Molecular Design Concept for Enhancement Charge Carrier Mobility in OFETs: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6645. [PMID: 37895626 PMCID: PMC10607980 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have garnered increasing attention from the scientific and industrial communities. The performance of OFETs can be evaluated based on three factors: the charge transport mobility (μ), threshold voltage (Vth), and current on/off ratio (Ion/off). To enhance μ, numerous studies have concentrated on optimizing charge transport within the semiconductor layer. These efforts include: (i) extending π-conjugation, enhancing molecular planarity, and optimizing donor-acceptor structures to improve charge transport within individual molecules; and (ii) promoting strong aggregation, achieving well-ordered structures, and reducing molecular distances to enhance charge transport between molecules. In order to obtain a high charge transport mobility, the charge injection from the electrodes into the semiconductor layer is also important. Since a suitable frontier molecular orbitals' level could align with the work function of the electrodes, in turn forming an Ohmic contact at the interface. OFETs are classified into p-type (hole transport), n-type (electron transport), and ambipolar-type (both hole and electron transport) based on their charge transport characteristics. As of now, the majority of reported conjugated materials are of the p-type semiconductor category, with research on n-type or ambipolar conjugated materials lagging significantly behind. This review introduces the molecular design concept for enhancing charge carrier mobility, addressing both within the semiconductor layer and charge injection aspects. Additionally, the process of designing or converting the semiconductor type is summarized. Lastly, this review discusses potential trends in evolution and challenges and provides an outlook; the ultimate objective is to outline a theoretical framework for designing high-performance organic semiconductors that can advance the development of OFET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.)
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12
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Nguyen TN, Phung VD, Tran VV. Recent Advances in Conjugated Polymer-Based Biosensors for Virus Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:586. [PMID: 37366951 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, virus pandemics have become a major burden seriously affecting human health and social and economic development. Thus, the design and fabrication of effective and low-cost techniques for early and accurate virus detection have been given priority for prevention and control of such pandemics. Biosensors and bioelectronic devices have been demonstrated as promising technology to resolve the major drawbacks and problems of the current detection methods. Discovering and applying advanced materials have offered opportunities to develop and commercialize biosensor devices for effectively controlling pandemics. Along with various well-known materials such as gold and silver nanoparticles, carbon-based materials, metal oxide-based materials, and graphene, conjugated polymer (CPs) have become one of the most promising candidates for preparation and construction of excellent biosensors with high sensitivity and specificity to different virus analytes owing to their unique π orbital structure and chain conformation alterations, solution processability, and flexibility. Therefore, CP-based biosensors have been regarded as innovative technologies attracting great interest from the community for early diagnosis of COVID-19 as well as other virus pandemics. For providing precious scientific evidence of CP-based biosensor technologies in virus detection, this review aims to give a critical overview of the recent research related to use of CPs in fabrication of virus biosensors. We emphasize structures and interesting characteristics of different CPs and discuss the state-of-the-art applications of CP-based biosensors as well. In addition, different types of biosensors such as optical biosensors, organic thin film transistors (OTFT), and conjugated polymer hydrogels (CPHs) based on CPs are also summarized and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ngoc Nguyen
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Viet-Duc Phung
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Van Tran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
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13
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Wan Q, Seo S, Lee SW, Lee J, Jeon H, Kim TS, Kim BJ, Thompson BC. High-Performance Intrinsically Stretchable Polymer Solar Cell with Record Efficiency and Stretchability Enabled by Thymine-Functionalized Terpolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37220423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Designing new polymer semiconductors for intrinsically stretchable polymer solar cells (IS-PSCs) with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and durability is critical for wearable electronics applications. Nearly all high-performance PSCs are constructed using fully conjugated polymer donors (PD) and small-molecule acceptors (SMA). However, a successful molecular design of PDs for high-performance and mechanically durable IS-PSCs without sacrificing conjugation has not been realized. In this study, we design a novel thymine side chain terminated 6,7-difluoro-quinoxaline (Q-Thy) monomer and synthesize a series of fully conjugated PDs (PM7-Thy5, PM7-Thy10, PM7-Thy20) featuring Q-Thy. The Q-Thy units capable of inducing dimerizable hydrogen bonding enable strong intermolecular PD assembly and highly efficient and mechanically robust PSCs. The PM7-Thy10:SMA blend demonstrates a combination of high PCE (>17%) in rigid devices and excellent stretchability (crack-onset value >13.5%). More importantly, PM7-Thy10-based IS-PSCs show an unprecedented combination of PCE (13.7%) and ultrahigh mechanical durability (maintaining 80% of initial PCE after 43% strain), illustrating the promising potential for commercialization in wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesu Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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14
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Humphreys J, Killalea CE, Pop F, Davies ES, Siligardi G, Amabilino DB. Self-assembly of chiral diketopyrrolopyrrole chromophores giving supramolecular chains in monolayers and twisted microtapes. Chirality 2023; 35:281-297. [PMID: 36760121 PMCID: PMC10947275 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Chiral diketopyrrolopyrroles appended with enantiomeric ethyl lactate functions through an ether linkage to the aryl backbone of the chromophore were synthesized via the Mitsunobu reaction. The molecules have good solubility and excellent optical properties, high molar absorption coefficients, and fluorescence quantum yields. Helical aggregates with circular dichroism arising from the supramolecular arrangement are seen in both solution and thin films, and the aggregates also display circularly polarized luminescence (glum ≈ ±0.1). The molecules assemble to give monolayers on graphite and precipitate from solution forming supramolecular twisted tapes hundreds of microns long.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Humphreys
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - C. Elizabeth Killalea
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Flavia Pop
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Present address:
MOLTECH‐Anjou, UMR 6200, CNRSUniversity of AngersAngersFrance
| | | | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation CampusDidcotOxfordshireUK
| | - David B. Amabilino
- The GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable ChemistryThe University of Nottingham Jubilee CampusNottinghamUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB‐CSIC)Campus Universitari de CerdanyolaBarcelonaSpain
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15
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Zhang W, Shi K, Lai J, Zhou Y, Wei X, Che Q, Wei J, Wang L, Yu G. Record-High Electron Mobility Exceeding 16 cm 2 V - 1 s - 1 in Bisisoindigo-Based Polymer Semiconductor with a Fully Locked Conjugated Backbone. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300145. [PMID: 36849648 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer semiconductors with mobilities exceeding 10 cm2 V- 1 s- 1 , especially ambipolar and n-type polymer semiconductors, are still rare, although they are of great importance for fabricating polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs) toward commercial high-grade electronics. Herein, two novel donor-acceptor copolymers, PNFFN-DTE and PNFFN-FDTE, are designed and synthesized based on the electron-deficient bisisoindigo (NFFN) and electron-rich dithienylethylenes (DTE or FDTE). The copolymer PNFFN-DTE, containing NFFN and DTE, possesses a partially locked polymeric conjugated backbone, whereas PNFFN-FDTE, containing NFFN and FDTE, has a fully locked one. Fluorine atoms in FDTE not only induce the formation of additional CH∙∙∙F hydrogen bonds, but also lower frontier molecular orbitals for PNFFN-FDTE. Both PNFFN-DTE and PNFFN-FDTE form more ordered molecular packing in thin films prepared from a polymer solution in bicomponent solvent containing 1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) and 1-chloronaphthalene (with volume ratio of 99.2/0.8) than pure DCB. The two copolymers-based flexible PFETs exhibit ambipolar charge-transport properties. Notably, the bicomponent solvent-processed PNFFN-FDTE-based PFETs afford a high electron mobility of 16.67 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is the highest electron-transport mobility for PFETs reported so far. The high electron mobility of PNFFN-FDTE is attributed to its fully locked conjugated backbone, dense molecular packing, and much matched LUMO energy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Keli Shi
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lai
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yankai Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qian Che
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinbei Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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16
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Yan DS, Zhang XW, Wang ZL, Xu CH, Shi YB, Deng YF, Han Y, Geng YH. 3-Methylcyclohexanone Processed n-Channel Organic Thin-Film Transistors Based on A Conjugated Polymer Synthesized by Direct Arylation Polycondensation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2937-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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17
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Shen T, Li W, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Liu Y. A Hybrid Acceptor-Modulation Strategy: Fluorinated Triple-Acceptor Architecture for Significant Enhancement of Electron Transport in High-Performance Unipolar n-Type Organic Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210093. [PMID: 36484290 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of unipolar n-type semiconducting polymers with electron mobility (µe ) over 5 cm2 V-1 s-1 remains a massive challenge in organic semiconductors. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) has proven to be a successful unit for high-performance p-type and ambipolar polymers. However, DPP's moderate electron-accepting capability leads to the shallow frontier molecular orbital (FMO) levels of the resultant polymers and hence limit the µe in unipolar n-type organic transistors. Herein, this issue has been addressed by using a hybrid acceptor-modulation strategy based on DPP-containing "fluorinated triple-acceptor architecture", namely DPP-difluorobenzothiadiazole-DPP (DFB). Compared with DFB's non-fluorinated counterpart, DFB features deeper FMO levels and a shape-persistent framework. Therefore, a series of DFB-based polymers demonstrate planar backbones and lowered FMO levels by ≈0.10 to 0.25 eV versus that of the control polymer. Intriguingly, all DFB-polymers exhibit excellent unipolar n-type transistor performances. Notably, a full-locked backbone conformation and high crystallinity with crystalline coherence length of 524 Å are observed for pDFB-TF, accounting for its high µe of 5.04 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is the highest µe value for DPP-based unipolar n-type polymers reported to date. This work demonstrates that the strategy of "fluorinated triple-acceptor architecture" opens a new path towards high-performance unipolar n-type semiconducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, 2005, Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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18
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Lee JW, Seo S, Lee SW, Kim GU, Han S, Phan TNL, Lee S, Li S, Kim TS, Lee JY, Kim BJ. Intrinsically Stretchable, Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Polymer Donors Featuring Hydrogen-Bonding Spacers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207544. [PMID: 36153847 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (IS-OSCs), consisting of all stretchable layers, are attracting significant attention as a future power source for wearable electronics. However, most of the efficient active layers for OSCs are mechanically brittle due to their rigid molecular structures designed for high electrical and optical properties. Here, a series of new polymer donors (PD s, PhAmX) featuring phenyl amide (N1 ,N3 -bis((5-bromothiophen-2-yl)methyl)isophthalamide, PhAm)-based flexible spacer (FS) inducing hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) interactions is developed. These PD s enable IS-OSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.73% and excellent stretchability (PCE retention of >80% of the initial value at 32% strain), representing the best performances among the reported IS-OSCs to date. The incorporation of PhAm-based FS enhances the molecular ordering of PD s as well as their interactions with a Y7 acceptor, enhancing the mechanical stretchability and electrical properties simultaneously. It is also found that in rigid OSCs, the PhAm5:Y7 blend achieves a much higher PCE of 17.5% compared to that of the reference PM6:Y7 blend. The impact of the PhAm-FS linker on the mechanical and photovoltaic properties of OSCs is thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungseok Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Ngoc-Lan Phan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Wang L, Jiang W, Guo S, Wang S, Zhang M, Liu Z, Wang G, Miao Y, Yan L, Shao JY, Zhong YW, Liu Z, Zhang D, Fu H, Yao J. Robust singlet fission process in strong absorption π-expanded diketopyrrolopyrroles. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13907-13913. [PMID: 36544745 PMCID: PMC9710207 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05580e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) has drawn tremendous attention as a multiexciton generation process that could mitigate the thermal loss and boost the efficiency of solar energy conversion. Although a SF-based solar cell with an EQE above 100% has already been fabricated successfully, the practical efficiency of the corresponding devices is plagued by the limited scope of SF materials. Therefore, it is of great importance to design and develop new SF-capable compounds aiming at practical device application. In the current contribution, via a π-expanded strategy, we presented a new series of robust SF chromophores based on polycyclic DPP derivatives, Ex-DPPs. Compared to conventional DPP molecules, Ex-DPPs feature strong absorption with a fivefold extinction coefficient, good molecular rigidity to effectively restrain non-radiative deactivation, and an expanded π-skeleton which endow them with well-suited intermolecular packing geometries for achieving efficient SF process. These results not only provide a new type of high-efficiency SF chromophore but also address some basic guidelines for the design of potential SF materials targeting practical light harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China
| | - Wenlin Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Shaoting Guo
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China
| | - Senhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China
| | - Mengfan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China
| | - Zuyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China
| | - Yanqin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China
| | - Lingpeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory for Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China
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20
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Li P, Shi J, Lei Y, Huang Z, Lei T. Switching p-type to high-performance n-type organic electrochemical transistors via doped state engineering. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5970. [PMID: 36216813 PMCID: PMC9551099 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-performance n-type organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are essential for logic circuits and sensors. However, the performances of n-type OECTs lag far behind that of p-type ones. Conventional wisdom posits that the LUMO energy level dictates the n-type performance. Herein, we show that engineering the doped state is more critical for n-type OECT polymers. By balancing more charges to the donor moiety, we could effectively switch a p-type polymer to high-performance n-type material. Based on this concept, the polymer, P(gTDPP2FT), exhibits a record high n-type OECT performance with μC* of 54.8 F cm-1 V-1 s-1, mobility of 0.35 cm2 V-1 s-1, and response speed of τon/τoff = 1.75/0.15 ms. Calculations and comparison studies show that the conversion is primarily due to the more uniform charges, stabilized negative polaron, enhanced conformation, and backbone planarity at negatively charged states. Our work highlights the critical role of understanding and engineering polymers' doped states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junwei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuqiu Lei
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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21
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Liu B, He L, Li M, Yu N, Chen W, Wang S, Sun L, Ni M, Bai L, Pan W, Sun P, Lin J, Huang W. Improving the Intrinsic Stretchability of Fully Conjugated Polymer for Deep-Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes with a Narrow Band Emission: Benefits of Self-Toughness Effect. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7286-7295. [PMID: 35916779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to construct the intrinsically stretchable active layer of rigid conjugated polymers (CPs) toward flexible deep-blue light-emitting diodes (FLEDs). Inspired by the self-toughness effect, sacrificial hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) and a cross-linked network synergistically enabled polydiarylfluorene (PFs-NH) films to present efficient deep-blue emission and excellent intrinsic stretchability. In particular, a cross-linked network structure presenting viscoelasticity behaviors, which was successfully inherited into postprocessed films with interchain interpenetration and a crystallinity domain and behaved as energy absorption and dissipation centers, was induced by the interchain H-bonding interaction in toluene (Tol) precursor solutions where the storage moduli (G') gradually exceeded the loss moduli (G″). Subsequently, intrinsic stretchable films with a tensile rate of 30% were prepared from Tol solutions, different from the brittle films from polar solvents. Eventually, narrow band, deep-blue PLEDs showed a maximum EQE of 1.28% and a full width half-maximum (fwhm) of 28 nm. Therefore, the self-toughness effect induced by hierarchical structures will be feasible to obtain high-performance FLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liangliang He
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mingjian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lubing Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Weichun Pan
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 18 Xuezheng Road, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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22
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Zhang Z, Tang Z, Zhou Y, Wang P, Yang J, Zhu S. Intermolecular hydrogen bond and π-π stacking improve electron mobility of phenanthroline-based electron-transporting materials. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Jiang W, Yu X, Li C, Zhang X, Zhang G, Liu Z, Zhang D. Fluoro-substituted DPP-bisthiophene conjugated polymer with azides in the side chains as ambipolar semiconductor and photoresist. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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24
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Meng J, Luo N, Zhang G, Shao X, Liu Z, Zhang D. N-Aryl diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives towards organic optical and electronic materials. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Zhang Q, Huang J, Wang K, Huang W. Recent Structural Engineering of Polymer Semiconductors Incorporating Hydrogen Bonds. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110639. [PMID: 35261083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly planar, extended π-electron organic conjugated polymers have been increasingly attractive for achieving high-mobility organic semiconductors. In addition to the conventional strategy to construct rigid backbone by covalent bonds, hydrogen bond has been employed extensively to increase the planarity and rigidity of polymer via intramolecular noncovalent interactions. This review provides a general summary of high-mobility semiconducting polymers incorporating hydrogen bonds in field-effect transistors over recent years. The structural engineering of the hydrogen bond-containing building blocks and the discussion of theoretical simulation, microstructural characterization, and device performance are covered. Additionally, the effects of the introduction of hydrogen bond on self-healing, stretchability, chemical sensitivity, and mechanical properties are also discussed. The review aims to help and inspire design of new high-mobility conjugated polymers with superiority of mechanical flexibility by incorporation of hydrogen bond for the application in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jianyao Huang
- CAS key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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26
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Zhang D, Liang D, Gu L, Zhang H. Pyrrolopyrrole-Based Aza-BODIPY Small Molecules for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Front Chem 2022; 10:938353. [PMID: 35832464 PMCID: PMC9271750 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.938353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), due to its good planarity, π-conjugate structure, thermal stability, and structural modifiability, has received much attention from the scientific community as an excellent semiconductor material for its applications in the field of optoelectronics, such as organic solar cells, organic photovoltaics, and organic field effect transistors. In this study, a new small molecule, pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY (PPAB), based on the thiophene-substituted DPP structure was developed using the Schiff-base formation reaction of DPP and heteroaromatic amines. Absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry, X-ray diffraction, molecular theoretical simulation calculation were performed, and organic field-effect transistor properties based on PPAB were investigated. It was found that PPAB exhibits a broad absorption range in the visible and near-infrared regions, which is attributed to its long-range conjugate structure. In addition, it is worth noting that PPAB has multiple F atoms resulting in the low LUMO level, which is conducive to the injection and transportation of charge carriers between the semiconductor layer and the electrode. Meanwhile, its hole carrier mobility is up to 1.3 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 due to its large conjugate structure, good intramolecular charge transfer effect, and high degree of coplanarity. In this study, a new chromophore with electron-deficient ability for designing high-performance semiconductors was successfully synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering of Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Daohai Zhang, ; Haichang Zhang,
| | - Dongxu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Daohai Zhang, ; Haichang Zhang,
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27
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Chen J, Yang J, Guo Y, Liu Y. Acceptor Modulation Strategies for Improving the Electron Transport in High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2104325. [PMID: 34605074 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance ambipolar and electronic type semiconducting polymers are essential for fabricating various organic optoelectronic devices and complementary circuits. This review summarizes the strategies of improving the electron transport of semiconducting polymers via acceptor modulation strategies, which include the use of single, dual, triple, multiple, and all acceptors as well as the fusion of multiple identical acceptors to obtain new heterocyclic acceptors. To further improve the electron transport of semiconducting polymers, the introduction of strong electron-withdrawing groups can enhance the electron-withdrawing ability of donors and acceptors, thereby facilitating electron injection and suppressing hole accumulation. In addition, the relationships between the molecular structure, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, thin film morphology, microstructure, processing conditions, and device performances are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the challenges encountered in this research area are proposed and the future outlook is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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28
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Yang Y, Schäfer C, Börjesson K. Detachable all-carbon-linked 3D covalent organic framework films for semiconductor/COF heterojunctions by continuous flow synthesis. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Side Chain Functional Conjugated Porous Polymers for NIR Controlled Carbon Dioxide Adsorption and Release. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Bai L, Han Y, Wei Q, Sun L, Sun N, Wei C, An X, Ni M, Cai J, Zhuo Z, Zheng Y, Wang S, He L, Yang J, Liu B, Lin Z, Xu M, Lin J, Huang W. A Molecular Design Principle for Pure-Blue Light-Emitting Polydiarylfluorene with Suppressed Defect Emission by the Side-Chain Steric Hindrance Effect. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubing Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Yamin Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mingjian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiangli Cai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Shengjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Liangliang He
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinghao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zongqiong Lin
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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31
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Wang S, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Yu X, Tian H, Han Y. Increasing the Charge Transport of P(NDI2OD-T2) by Improving the Polarization of the NDI2OD Unit along the Backbone Direction and Preaggregation via H-Bonding. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Kefeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
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32
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Cheon HJ, An TK, Kim YH. Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-Based Polymers and Their Organic Field-Effect Transistor Applications: A Review. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Gayathri RD, Gokulnath T, Park HY, Kim J, Kim H, Kim J, Kim B, Lee Y, Yoon J, Jin SH. Impact of Aryl End Group Engineering of Donor Polymers on the Morphology and Efficiency of Halogen-Free Solvent-Processed Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10616-10626. [PMID: 35170936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
End group engineering on the side chain of π-conjugated donor polymers is explored as an effective way to develop efficient photovoltaic devices. In this work, we designed and synthesized three new π-conjugated polymers (PBDT-BZ-1, PBDT-S-BZ, and PBDT-BZ-F) with terminal aryl end groups on the side chain of chlorine-substituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5b']dithiophene (BDT). End group modifications showed notable changes in energy levels, dipole moments, exciton lifetimes, energy losses, and charge transport properties. Remarkably, the three new polymers paired with IT-4F (halogen-free solvent processed/toluene:DPE) displayed high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) compared to a polymer (PBDT-Al-5) without a terminal end group (PCE of 7.32%). Interestingly, PBDT-S-BZ:IT-4F (PCE of 13.73%) showed a higher PCE than the benchmark PM7:IT-4F. The improved performance of PBDT-S-BZ well correlates with its improved charge mobility, well-interdigitated surface morphology, and high miscibility with a low Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (1.253). Thus, we successfully established a correlation between the end group engineering and bulk properties of the new polymers for realizing the high performance of halogen-free nonfullerene organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalapati Durga Gayathri
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Thavamani Gokulnath
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeol Park
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoun Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Jin
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials, Sustainable Utilization of Photovoltaic Energy Research Center (ERC), Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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34
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Luo N, Ren P, Feng Y, Shao X, Zhang HL, Liu Z. Side-Chain Engineering of Conjugated Polymers for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1131-1146. [PMID: 35084195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Past decades have witnessed the rapid development of conjugated polymers because of their promising semiconducting properties and applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Recent studies have shown that side-chain engineering of conjugated polymers is an efficient strategy to increase semiconducting performance. This Perspective focuses on the side-chain modulation of conjugated polymers and evaluating their effects on the performance of OFETs. The challenges and potential applications of functional high-performance OFETs through side-chain engineering are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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35
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Yang J, Kang F, Wang X, Zhang Q. Design strategies for improving the crystallinity of covalent organic frameworks and conjugated polymers: a review. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:121-146. [PMID: 34842260 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00809a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Highly crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) or conjugated polymers (CPs) are very important and highly desirable because these materials would display better performance in diverse devices and provide more structure-property related information. However, how to achieve highly crystalline or single-crystal COFs and CPs is very challenging. Recently, many research studies have demonstrated the possibility of enhancing the crystallinity of COFs and CPs. Thus, it is timely to offer an overview of the important progress in improving the crystallinity of COFs and CPs from the viewpoint of design strategies. These strategies include polycondensation reaction optimization, improving the planarity, fluorine substitution, side chain engineering, and so on. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives are also discussed to promote the realization of highly crystalline or single-crystal COFs and CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Fangyuan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China.
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, P. R. China
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36
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Mason GT, Nyayachavadi A, Mooney M, Schlingman K, Rondeau‐Gagné S. PAMAM
‐containing semiconducting polymers: Effect of dendritic side chains on optoelectronic and
solid‐state
properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gage T. Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Audithya Nyayachavadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Madison Mooney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Kory Schlingman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
| | - Simon Rondeau‐Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Windsor, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe) Windsor Ontario Canada
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37
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Reisjalali M, Burgos-Mármol JJ, Manurung R, Troisi A. Local structuring of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based oligomers from molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19693-19707. [PMID: 34525153 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03257g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The microscopic structure of high mobility semiconducting polymers is known to be essential for their performance but it cannot be easily deduced from the available experimental data. A series of short oligomers of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based materials that display high charge mobility are studied by molecular dynamics simulations to understand their local structuring at an atomic level. Different analyses are proposed to compare the ability of different oligomers to form large aggregates and their driving force. The simulations show that the tendency for this class of materials to form aggregates is driven by the interaction between DPP fragments, but this is modulated by the other conjugated fragments of the materials which affect the rigidity of the polymer and, ultimately, the size of the aggregates that are formed. The main structural features and the electronic structure of the oligomers are fairly similar above the glass transition temperature and at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Reisjalali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Place, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | | | - Rex Manurung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Place, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Place, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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38
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Shi X, Bao W. Hydrogen-Bonded Conjugated Materials and Their Application in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Front Chem 2021; 9:723718. [PMID: 34504833 PMCID: PMC8421522 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.723718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on organic semiconductors has revealed that the composition of the constituent organic material, as well as the subtle changes in its structure (the stacking order of molecules), can noticeably affect its bulk properties. One of the reasons for this is that the charge transport in conjugated materials is strongly affected by their structure. Further, the charge mobility increases significantly when the conjugated materials exhibit self-assembly, resulting in the formation of ordered structures. However, well-organized nanostructures are difficult to obtain using classical solution processing methods, owing to their disordered state. A simple strategy for obtaining well-ordered material films involves synthesizing new conjugated materials that can self-organize. Introducing hydrogen bonding in the materials to yield hydrogen-bonded material superstructures can be a suitable method to fulfill these critical requirements. The formed hydrogen bonds will facilitate the assembly of the molecules into a highly ordered structure and bridge the distance between the adjacent molecules, thus enhancing the intermolecular charge transfer. In this minireview, hydrogen-bonded small molecules and polymers as well as the relationship between their chemical structures and performances in organic field-effect transistors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, China
| | - Weiwei Bao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, China
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39
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Langlois A, St Onge PBJ, Karsenti PL, Younus A, Rondeau-Gagné S. Modulating the Photophysical Properties and Electron Transfer Rates in Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Coordination Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9579-9587. [PMID: 34402620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly through noncovalent interactions is a particularly efficient approach to fine-tune the optoelectronic and photophysical properties of electroactive materials. In metal-ligand coordination polymers, the final properties of the assemblies are directly related to the nature of the metal-ligand interaction. To probe for such influence on the photophysical properties of electroactive materials, a series of coordination polymers based on a well-known organic dye, diketopyrrolopyrrole, was prepared through coordination of a terpyridine-containing monomer with various metal sources, including iron, cobalt, zinc, and manganese. The resulting supramolecular polymers were characterized through multiple techniques, including UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, time-correlated single-photon counting, and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to reveal the impact of the metal source on the final photophysical properties of coordination polymers. As expected, important variations were found between different coordination polymers in terms of absorption, fluorescence kinetics, and electron transfer rate. While iron and cobalt-containing polymers showed ultrafast electrons transfer rates, assemblies from manganese were shown to be much less efficient, confirming the importance of metal centers. This detailed fundamental study unravels some important relationships between metal-ligand interactions, supramolecular self-assembly, and photophysical properties, ultimately leading to new avenues for the design of functional polymers based on organic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Langlois
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - P Blake J St Onge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | | | - Aneeta Younus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research (AMCORe), University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4
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40
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Yu X, Li C, Gao C, Chen L, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang D. Enhancing the healing ability and charge transport thermal stability of a diketopyrrolopyrrole based conjugated polymer by incorporating coumarin groups in the side chains. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chenying Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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41
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Mullin WJ, Sharber SA, Thomas SW. Optimizing the
self‐assembly
of conjugated polymers and small molecules through structurally programmed
non‐covalent
control. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth A. Sharber
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
- Aramco Services Company, Aramco Research Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Samuel W. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry Tufts University Medford Massachusetts USA
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42
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Mooney M, Wang Y, Nyayachavadi A, Zhang S, Gu X, Rondeau-Gagné S. Enhancing the Solubility of Semiconducting Polymers in Eco-Friendly Solvents with Carbohydrate-Containing Side Chains. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25175-25185. [PMID: 34006092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting polymers are at the forefront of next-generation organic electronics due to their robust mechanical and optoelectronic properties. However, their extended π-conjugation often leads to materials with low solubilities in common organic solvents, thus requiring processing in high-boiling-point and toxic halogenated solvents to generate thin-film devices. To address this environmental concern, a natural product-inspired side-chain engineering approach was used to incorporate galactose-containing moieties into semiconducting polymers toward improved processability in greener solvents. Novel isoindigo-based polymers with different ratios of galactose-containing side chains were synthesized to improve the solubilities of the organic semiconductors in alcohol-based solvents. The addition of carbohydrate-containing side chains to π-conjugated polymers was found to considerably impact the intermolecular aggregation of the materials and their microstructures in the solid state as confirmed by atomic force microscopy and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. The charge transport characteristics of the new semiconductors were evaluated by the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors prepared from both toxic halogenated and greener alcohol-based solvents. Importantly, the incorporation of carbohydrate-containing side chains was shown to have very little detrimental impact on the electronic properties of the polymer when processed from green solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Mooney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Audithya Nyayachavadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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43
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Yang M, Du T, Zhao X, Huang X, Pan L, Pang S, Tang H, Peng Z, Ye L, Deng Y, Sun M, Duan C, Huang F, Cao Y. Low-bandgap conjugated polymers based on benzodipyrrolidone with reliable unipolar electron mobility exceeding 1 cm2 V−1 s−1. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-9991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Zou X, Cui S, Li J, Wei X, Zheng M. Diketopyrrolopyrrole Based Organic Semiconductor Materials for Field-Effect Transistors. Front Chem 2021; 9:671294. [PMID: 33937206 PMCID: PMC8080442 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.671294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, organic conjugated materials as semiconductors in organic field effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted more and more attention from the scientific community due to their intriguing properties of mechanical flexibility and solution processability. However, the device fabrication technique, design, and synthesis of novel organic semiconductor materials with high charge carrier mobility is crucial for the development of high-performance OFETs. In the past few years, more and more novel materials were designed and tested in the OFETs. Among which, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and its derivatives, as the electron acceptors to build donor-acceptor (D-A) typed materials, are the perspective. In this article, recently reported molecules regarding the DPP and its derivatives for OFETs application are reviewed. In addition, the relationship between the chemical structures and the performance of the device are discussed. Furthermore, an outlook of DPP-based materials in OFETs with a future design concept and the development trend are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, China
| | - Shuaiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Junqiang Li
- Qingdao Haiwan Science and Technology Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Xueling Wei
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology (SNUT), Hanzhong, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Qingdao Haiwan Science and Technology Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
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45
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Keshtov ML, Konstantinov IO, Ostapov ILE, Khokhlov AR, Alekseev VG, Xie Z, Dahiya H, Sharma GD. New Dithiazole Side Chain Benzodithiophene Containing D–A Copolymers for Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Solar Cells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed L. Keshtov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Ionv O. Konstantinov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - ILya E. Ostapov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexei R. Khokhlov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilova St., 28 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | | | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun 130022 China
| | - Hemraj Dahiya
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jamdoli Jaipur Rajasthan 302031 India
| | - Ganesh D. Sharma
- Department of Physics The LNM Institute for Information Technology Jamdoli Jaipur Rajasthan 302031 India
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46
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Ding Z, Liu D, Zhao K, Han Y. Optimizing Morphology to Trade Off Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties of Stretchable Conjugated Polymer Films. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongle Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China
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47
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Deng Z, Cui S, Kou K, Liang D, Shi X, Liu J. Dopant-Free π-Conjugated Hole Transport Materials for Highly Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Front Chem 2021; 9:664504. [PMID: 33816442 PMCID: PMC8012559 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.664504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current high-efficiency hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been fabricated with doped hole transfer material (HTM), which has shown short-term stability. Doping applied in HTMs for PSCs can enhance the hole mobility and PSCs' power conversion efficiency, while the stability of PSCs will be significantly decreased due to inherent hygroscopic properties and chemical incompatibility. Development of dopant-free HTM with high hole mobility is a challenge and of utmost importance. In this review, a series of selected and typical π-conjugated dopant-free hole transport materials, mainly regarding small molecules, are reviewed, which could consequently help to further design high-performance dopant-free HTMs. In addition, an outline of the molecular design concept and also the perspective of ideal dopant-free HTMs were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU), Xi'an, China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Shuaiwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaichang Kou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU), Xi'an, China
| | - Dongxu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Shi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Slag Comprehensive Utilization and Environmental Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastic of Ministry of Education (QUST), School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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48
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Sharma A, Singh R, Kini GP, Hyeon Kim J, Parashar M, Kim M, Kumar M, Kim JS, Lee JJ. Side-Chain Engineering of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Hole-Transport Materials to Realize High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7405-7415. [PMID: 33534549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of a stable and efficient hole-transport material (HTM) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most demanding research areas. At present, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) is a commonly used HTM in the fabrication of high-efficiency PSCs; however, its complicated synthesis, addition of a dopant in order to realize the best efficiency, and high cost are major challenges for the further development of PSCs. Herein, various diketopyrrolopyrrole-based small molecules were synthesized with the same backbone but distinct alkyl side-chain substituents (i.e., 2-ethylhexyl-, n-hexyl-, ((methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl-, and (2-((2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)acetamide, designated as D-1, D-2, D-3, and D-4, respectively) as HTMs. The variation in the alkyl chain has shown obvious effects on the optical and electrochemical properties as well as on the molecular packing and film-forming ability. Consequently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the PSC under one sun illumination (100 mW cm-2) is shown to increase in the order of D-1 (8.32%) < D-2 (11.12%) < D-3 (12.05%) < D-4 (17.64%). Various characterization techniques reveal that the superior performance of D-4 can be ascribed to the well-aligned highest occupied molecular orbital energy level with the counter electrode, the more compact π-π stacking with a higher coherence length, and the excellent hole mobility of 1.09 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1, thus providing excellent energetics for effective charge transport with minimal charge-carrier recombination. Furthermore, the addition of the dopant Li-TFSI in D-4 is shown to deliver a remarkable PCE of 20.19%, along with a short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), and fill factor (FF) of 22.94 mA cm-2, 1.14 V, and 73.87%, respectively, and superior stability compared to that of other HTMs. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of side-chain engineering for tailoring the properties of HTMs, thus offering new design tactics to fabricate for the synthesis of highly efficient and stable HTMs for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy, Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Gururaj P Kini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mritunjaya Parashar
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy, Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Kumar
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Lee
- Department of Energy & Materials Engineering, Research Center for Photoenergy, Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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49
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Özen B, Fadaei Tirani F, Schenk K, Lin KH, Scopelliti R, Corminboeuf C, Frauenrath H. Structure-Property Relationships in Bithiophenes with Hydrogen-Bonded Substituents. Chemistry 2021; 27:3348-3360. [PMID: 32894599 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of crystal engineering to control the supramolecular arrangement of π-conjugated molecules in the solid-state is of considerable interest for the development of novel organic electronic materials. In this study, we investigated the effect of combining of two types of supramolecular interaction with different geometric requirements, amide hydrogen bonding and π-interactions, on the π-overlap between calamitic π-conjugated cores. To this end, we prepared two series of bithiophene diesters and diamides with methylene, ethylene, or propylene spacers between the bithiophene core and the functional groups in their terminal substituents. The hydrogen-bonded bithiophene diamides showed significantly denser packing of the bithiophene cores than the diesters and other known α,ω-disubstituted bithiophenes. The bithiophene packing density reach a maximum in the bithiophene diamide with an ethylene spacer, which had the smallest longitudinal bithiophene displacement and infinite 1D arrays of electronically conjugated, parallel, and almost linear N-H⋅⋅⋅O=C hydrogen bonds. The synergistic hydrogen bonding and π-interactions were attributed to the favorable conformation mechanics of the ethylene spacer and resulted in H-type spectroscopic aggregates in solid-state absorption spectroscopy. These results demonstrate that the optoelectronic properties of π-conjugated materials in the solid-state may be tailored systematically by side-chain engineering, and hence that this approach has significant potential for the design of organic and polymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Özen
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 037, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei Tirani
- BCH 2111, Batochime UNIL, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Avenue Forel 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Schenk
- Institute of Physics, PH L1 500, Station 3, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kun-Han Lin
- BCH 5312, Batochime UNIL, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Avenue Forel 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- BCH 2111, Batochime UNIL, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Avenue Forel 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- BCH 5312, Batochime UNIL, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Avenue Forel 2, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Holger Frauenrath
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL-STI-IMX-LMOM, MXG 037, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Tian J, Liu Z, Wu C, Jiang W, Chen L, Shi D, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang D. Simultaneous Incorporation of Two Types of Azo-Groups in the Side Chains of a Conjugated D-A Polymer for Logic Control of the Semiconducting Performance by Light Irradiation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005613. [PMID: 33448055 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new design strategy for photoresponsive semiconducting polymer with tri-stable semiconducting states is reported by simultaneous incorporation of tetra-ortho-methoxy-substituted azobenzene (mAzo) and arylazopyrazole (pAzo) in the side chains. The trans-to-cis transformations for mAzo and pAzo groups can sequentially occur within the polymer thin film after sequential 560 and 365 nm light irradiation. Remarkably, the trans-cis isomerization of mAzo and pAzo groups can modulate the thin film crystallinity. Accordingly, the performances of the resulting field-effect transistors (FETs) can be reversibly modulated, leading to tri-stable semiconducting states after sequential 560, 365, and 470 nm light irradiation. Therefore, the device performance can be logically controlled by light irradiation at three different wavelengths. In addition, with light irradiation and device current as the input and output signals, the three-value logic gate by using single FET device can be successfully mimicked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Changchun Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenlin Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xisha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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