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Wu X, Ruan J, Chen L, Qi Z. Dihydroxyl-Cooperative 1,2,4-Triazole-Based Ionic Liquid for Robust Reversible CO 2 Absorption. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:20342-20351. [PMID: 39311054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
The development of aqueous absorbents for CO2 capture is significantly important to reduce global industrial gas emissions through high regeneration efficiency and low energy consumption. Herein, we newly designed and prepared a dihydroxylated ionic liquid (IL) bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium 1,2,4-triazole ([N1,1,2OH,2OH][TZ]) for highly efficient CO2 absorption through anion-cation cooperative interactions. A superior capacity of 1.33 mol of CO2 per mol of IL and excellent reversibility have been achieved by the introduction of dihydroxy sites on the ammonium-based Tz IL. 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and quantum chemical calculations demonstrate bihydroxyl-cooperative absorption of CO2 via hydrogen bond interaction between the cation and anion of the IL. The theory calculation shows that IL displays a superlow reactive absorption enthalpy, favorable to the reversible CO2 absorption, which can maintain an initial absorption capacity of 98.5% with the cycle numbers of 100, implying the facile regeneration and superlow energy consumption. Thus, the functionalized ILs toward group cooperative gas absorption and excellent reversibility may open a door to designing new materials for enhancing CO2 absorption and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, 200237 Shanghai, China
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2
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Wakabayashi T, Kametani Y, Tanahashi E, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K, Jung J, Saito S. Ferrocenyl PNNP Ligands-Controlled Chromium Complex-Catalyzed Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to Formic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25963-25975. [PMID: 39240025 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
3d-transition metal complexes have been gaining much attention as promising candidates for photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction systems. In contrast to the group 7-12 elements, Cr in group 6 has not yet been investigated as the catalyst of CO2 photoreduction because of its intrinsic disadvantages. Cr has a weak reducing ability due to an insufficient number of d electrons and high Lewis acidity which may deactivate the catalyst by strong coordination with a product formate. To overcome these drawbacks, we rationally designed molecular Cr complexes bearing ferrocenyl PNNP tetradentate ligands (FcCrCy, FcCriPr, FcCrtBu, and FcCrPh). These Cr complexes selectively converted CO2 into formic acid (HCO2H) under photocatalytic conditions and, to our knowledge, represent the first molecular Cr catalysts for CO2 photoreduction. The best catalyst FcCrPh achieved a turnover number of 1180 for HCO2H formation with 86% selectivity after 48 h of light irradiation, with a combined use of an organic photosensitizer. Electrochemical and continuous UV-vis absorption analyses clarified the sequential reaction pathways involving multielectron reduction and protonation of a Cr complex. Moreover, through detailed computational studies, photoinduced electron transfer mediated by ferrocenyl groups and intramolecular proton transfer attributed to hemilabile phosphine ligands would be key to the efficient catalysis that overwhelms the inherent disadvantages of Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Wakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yohei Kametani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Eimi Tanahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Susumu Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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3
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Capocasa G, Frateloreto F, Valentini M, Di Stefano S. Molecular entanglement can strongly increase basicity. Commun Chem 2024; 7:116. [PMID: 38806668 PMCID: PMC11133330 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Brønsted basicity is a fundamental chemical property featured by several kinds of inorganic and organic compounds. In this Review, we treat a particularly high basicity resulting from the mechanical entanglement involving two or more molecular subunits in catenanes and rotaxanes. Such entanglement allows a number of basic sites to be in close proximity with each other, highly increasing the proton affinity in comparison with the corresponding, non-entangled counterparts up to obtain superbases, properly defined as mechanically interlocked superbases. In the following pages, the development of this kind of superbases will be described with a historical perusal, starting from the initial, serendipitous findings up to the most recent reports where the strong basic property of entangled molecular units is the object of a rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Capocasa
- Department of Chemistry Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Frateloreto
- Department of Chemistry Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Valentini
- Department of Chemistry Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Department of Chemistry Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185, Roma, Italy.
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4
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Barbarin I, Fidanchevska M, Politakos N, Serrano-Cantador L, Cecilia JA, Martín D, Sanz O, Tomovska R. Resembling Graphene/Polymer Aerogel Morphology for Advancing the CO 2/N 2 Selectivity of the Postcombustion CO 2 Capture Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:7073-7087. [PMID: 38681868 PMCID: PMC11048490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c02989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The separation of CO2 from N2 remains a highly challenging task in postcombustion CO2 capture processes, primarily due to the relatively low CO2 content (3-15%) compared to that of N2 (70%). This challenge is particularly prominent for carbon-based adsorbents that exhibit relatively low selectivity. In this study, we present a successfully implemented strategy to enhance the selectivity of composite aerogels made of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and functionalized polymer particles. Considering that the CO2/N2 selectivity of the aerogels is affected on the one hand by the surface chemistry (offering more sites for CO2 capture) and fine-tuned microporosity (offering molecular sieve effect), both of these parameters were affected in situ during the synthesis process. The resulting aerogels exhibit improved CO2 adsorption capacity and a significant reduction in N2 adsorption at a temperature of 25 °C and 1 atm, leading to a more than 10-fold increase in selectivity compared to the reference material. This achievement represents the highest selectivity reported thus far for carbon-based adsorbents. Detailed characterization of the aerogel surfaces has revealed an increase in the quantity of surface oxygen functional groups, as well as an augmentation in the fractions of micropores (<2 nm) and small mesopores (<5 nm) as a result of the modified synthesis methodology. Additionally, it was found that the surface morphology of the aerogels has undergone important changes. The reference materials feature a surface rich in curved wrinkles with an approximate diameter of 100 nm, resulting in a selectivity range of 50-100. In contrast, the novel aerogels exhibit a higher degree of oxidation, rendering them stiffer and less elastic, resembling crumpled paper morphology. This transformation, along with the improved functionalization and augmented microporosity in the altered aerogels, has rendered the aerogels almost completely N2-phobic, with selectivity values ranging from 470 to 621. This finding provides experimental evidence for the theoretically predicted relationship between the elasticity of graphene-based adsorbents and their CO2/N2 selectivity performance. It introduces a new perspective on the issue of N2-phobicity. The outstanding performance achieved, including a CO2 adsorption capacity of nearly 2 mmol/g and the highest selectivity of 620, positions these composites as highly promising materials in the field of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) postcombustion technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iranzu Barbarin
- POLYMAT
and Department of Applied Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Monika Fidanchevska
- POLYMAT
and Department of Applied Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Politakos
- POLYMAT
and Department of Applied Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis Serrano-Cantador
- Biopren
Group, Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Universidad
de Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Cecilia
- Inorganic
Chemistry, Crystallography and Mineralogy, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Dolores Martín
- Macrobehaviour-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology
SGIker Service, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Oihane Sanz
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, University of the
Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Radmila Tomovska
- POLYMAT
and Department of Applied Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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5
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Ferrer M, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Oliva-Enrich JM. A multi-FLP approach for CO 2 capture: investigating nitrogen, boron, phosphorus and aluminium doped nanographenes and the influence of a sodium cation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12433-12443. [PMID: 38596872 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of B3N3-doped hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene (B3N3-NG), Al3N3-NG, B3P3-NG and Al3P3-NG, models of doped nanographenes (NGs), towards carbon dioxide was studied with density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G* level of theory. The NG systems exhibit a poly-cyclic poly-frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) nature, featuring multiple Lewis acid/Lewis base pairs on their surface enabling the capture of several CO2 molecules. The capture of CO2 by these systems was investigated within two scenarios: (A) sequential capture of up to three CO2 molecules and (B) capture of CO2 molecules in the presence of a sodium cation. The resulting adducts were analyzed in terms of the activation barriers and relative stabilities. The presence of aluminium atoms changes the asynchrony of the reaction favoring the aluminium-oxygen bond and influences the regioselectivity of the multi-capture. A cooperative effect is predicted due to π-electron delocalization, with the sodium cation stabilizing the stationary points and favoring the addition of CO2 to the NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
- PhD Program in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational Modeling, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josep M Oliva-Enrich
- Instituto de Química-Física Blas Cabrera (CSIC), Serrano, 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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6
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Paul R, Das R, Das N, Chakraborty S, Pao CW, Thang Trinh Q, Kalhara Gunasooriya GTK, Mondal J, Peter SC. Tweaking Photo CO 2 Reduction by Altering Lewis Acidic Sites in Metalated-Porous Organic Polymer for Adjustable H 2 /CO Ratio in Syngas Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311304. [PMID: 37872849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have specifically designed two metalated porous organic polymers (Zn-POP and Co-POP) for syngas (CO+H2 ) production from gaseous CO2 . The variable H2 /CO ratio of syngas with the highest efficiency was produced in water medium (without an organic hole scavenger and photosensitizer) by utilizing the basic principle of Lewis acid/base chemistry. Also, we observed the formation of entirely different major products during photocatalytic CO2 reduction and water splitting with the help of the two catalysts, where CO (145.65 μmol g-1 h-1 ) and H2 (434.7 μmol g-1 h-1 ) production were preferentially obtained over Co-POP & Zn-POP, respectively. The higher electron density/better Lewis basic nature of Co-POP was investigated further using XPS, XANES, and NH3 -TPD studies, which considerably improve CO2 activation capacity. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship was confirmed via in situ DRIFTS and DFT studies, which demonstrated the formation of COOH* intermediate along with the thermodynamic feasibility of CO2 reduction over Co-POP while water splitting occurred preferentially over Zn-POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Risov Das
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
| | - Nitumani Das
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Australia
| | | | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sebastian C Peter
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
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7
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Sahoo AK, Kumar Sahoo A, Das B, Panda SJ, Purohit CS, Doddi A. New cationic coinage metal complexes featuring silyl group functionalized phosphine: syntheses, structures and catalytic studies in alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15549-15561. [PMID: 37753593 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01692g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of coinage metal complexes bearing rarely explored ortho-silylated phosphine is reported. The treatment of diphenyl(2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine (1) with CuCl and [Cu(CH3CN)4]BF4 furnished the corresponding neutral [(1)CuCl]2 (2) and mono-cationic [(1)2Cu(CH3CN)]BF4 (3) complexes, respectively. The reactions of 1 with AgX (X = BF4-, NO3-) in 2 : 1 ratio furnished the corresponding mono cationic dicoordinate silver(I) complexes of the type [(1)2Ag]X (X = BF4- (4a), NO3- (4b)). The ortho-silylated phosphine ligand (1) was conveniently converted into the corresponding sulfide (5a) and selenide (5b) species, and their reactions with [Cu(CH3CN)4]BF4 yielded mono-cationic, homoleptic tris(silylphosphinochalcogenide)copper(I) complexes of the type [(5a/5b)3Cu]BF4 (6a/6b). The molecular structures of 2-4 and 6 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The copper complexes 2, 3, and 6a were employed as catalysts in azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. Among these complexes, 3 was extensively used in the preparation of various mono- and bis-triazoles consisting of tolyl, benzyl, carbazolyl, and propargylic ether groups. Three sets of substituted triazole derivatives were achieved under mild conditions by employing copper(I) catalytic systems. The mechanistic studies indicated the formation of a heteroleptic copper(I) triazolide intermediate which was detected by high-resolution mass spectral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiya Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur; Transit Campus, Industrial Training Institute (ITI); Engineering School Road, Ganjam, Odisha, 760010, India.
| | - Ashish Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur; Transit Campus, Industrial Training Institute (ITI); Engineering School Road, Ganjam, Odisha, 760010, India.
| | - Bhagyashree Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur; Transit Campus, Industrial Training Institute (ITI); Engineering School Road, Ganjam, Odisha, 760010, India.
| | - Subhra Jyoti Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Purohit
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Adinarayana Doddi
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur; Transit Campus, Industrial Training Institute (ITI); Engineering School Road, Ganjam, Odisha, 760010, India.
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8
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Buß F, Das M, Janssen-Müller D, Sietmann A, Das A, Wilm LFB, Freitag M, Seidl M, Glorius F, Dielmann F. Photoswitchable electron-rich phosphines: using light to modulate the electron-donating ability of phosphines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12019-12022. [PMID: 37728017 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of photoswitchable electron-rich phosphines containing N-heterocyclic imines equipped with a photochromic dithienylethene unit are reported. Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and UV/vis studies reveal that the imine substituents undergo reversible electrocyclic ring-closing and ring-opening reactions upon exposure to UV and visible light, respectively. The photoisomerization alters the electron-donating ability of the phosphines by up to ΔTEP = 8 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florenz Buß
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Daniel Janssen-Müller
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Sietmann
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Ankita Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Lukas F B Wilm
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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9
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Ferrer M, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Oliva-Enrich JM. A theoretical study of the reaction of borata derivatives of benzene, anthracene and pentacene with CO 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22512-22522. [PMID: 37581605 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02516k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study of the reaction between several borataacenes (1-methylboratabenzene, 9-methyl-9-borataanthracene and cis and trans diboratapentacene) and CO2 has been carried out at the M06-2X computational level. The influence of a counterion (potassium cation), the cation complexation by 18-crown-6-ether and solvent effects have been explored. The computational results predict anti/syn selectivity as found experimentally in the cis- and trans-diboratapentacene reaction with CO2 (Baker et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2023, 145, 2028).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
- PhD Program in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational Modeling, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josep M Oliva-Enrich
- Instituto de Química-Física Blas Cabrera (CSIC), Serrano, 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Reactivity of a model of B 3P 3-doped nanographene with up to three CO 2 molecules. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2407. [PMID: 36765069 PMCID: PMC9918725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of a B3P3-doped hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene, as a model of nanographene (B3P3-NG), towards carbon dioxide was studied at the DFT M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,3pd)//M06-2X/6-31+G* level of theory. This compound can be classified as a poly-cyclic poly-Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) system, as it presents more than one Lewis Acid/Lewis Base pair on its surface, making the capture of several carbon dioxide molecules possible. Two scenarios were considered to fully characterize the capture of CO2 by this multi-FLP system: (i) fixation of three CO2 molecules sequentially one by one; and (ii) simultaneous contact of three CO2 molecules with the B3P3-NG surface. The resulting adducts were analyzed as function of activation barriers and the relative stability of the CO2 capture. A cooperativity effect due to the π-delocalization of the hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene is observed. The fixation of a CO2 molecule modifies the electronic properties. It enhances the capture of additional CO2 molecules by changing the acidy and basicity of the rest of the boron and phosphorus atoms in the B3P3-NG system.
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11
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Sarmah K, Purkayastha SK, Kalita AJ, Guha AK. An in silico study of the selective adsorption and separation of CO 2 from a flue gas mixture (CH 4, CO 2, N 2) by ZnLi 5+ clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5174-5182. [PMID: 36723082 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and its negative effect on the environment, selective adsorption of CO2 from flue gas has become significantly important. In this study, we have considered a Zn-doped lithium cluster, ZnLi5+ cluster, featuring a planar pentacoordinate Zn centre, as a potential candidate for selective CO2 capture and separation from a flue gas mixture (CH4, CO2, N2). The binding energy calculation and non-covalent interaction study showed that CO2 molecules bind relatively strongly as compared to N2 and CH4 molecules. The metal cluster can bind five CO2, five CH4, and four N2 molecules with average binding energies of -9.2, -4.4, and -6.1 kcal mol-1, respectively. Decomposition of the binding energy through symmetry-adapted perturbation theory analysis reveals that the electrostatic component plays a major role. The cationic cluster may be a promising candidate for selective CO2 capture and can be used as a pollution-controlling agent. The calculated adsorption energy of H2S is quite closer to that of CO2, suggesting competitive adsorption between CO2 and H2S. The adsorption energies of H2O and NH3 are higher compared to CO2, indicating that these gases may be a potential threat to CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Sarmah
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | | | - Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India.
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12
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Wickemeyer L, Hartmann L, Neumann B, Stammler H, Mitzel NW. Differences in the Reactivity of Geminal Si-O-P and Al-O-P Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202842. [PMID: 36349870 PMCID: PMC10107522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The new oxygen-bridged geminal Si/P Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) tBu2 P-O-Si(C2 F5 )3 (2) is able to reversibly bind carbon dioxide at ambient temperature. We compared its reactivity towards benzil, but-3-en-2-one, nitriles and phenylacetylene to that of the Al/P FLP tBu2 P-O-AlBis2 (Bis=-CH(SiMe3 )2 ) (1). When reacted with benzil, both, 1 and 2, form the 1,2-addition product, but in the Si/P FLP 2, the second carbonyl function additionally binds to the silicon atom. With but-3-en-2-one 2 forms the 1,2-addition product, while 1 binds in 1,4-position. The reaction with acetonitrile yielded an unexpected etheneimine adduct for both systems, while only 1 reacted with tert-butylnitrile. With benzonitrile and acrylonitrile, 2 showed reversible addition to the C≡N bond and 1 forms a stable adduct with benzonitrile. Solely 1 shows reactivity towards phenylacetylene affording a mixture of the CH deprotonation adduct tBu2 P(H)-O-AlBis2 (CCPh) and the FLP -C≡C 1,2-addition adduct under ring formation. All compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, XRD and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Lukas Hartmann
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehtuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie andCentrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2Fakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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13
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Musgrave Iii CB, Prokofjevs A, Goddard Iii WA. Phosphine Modulation for Enhanced CO 2 Capture: Quantum Mechanics Predictions of New Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11183-11190. [PMID: 36445256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is imperative to develop efficient CO2 capture and activation technologies to combat the rising levels of deleterious greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Using Quantum Mechanics methods (Density Functional Theory), we propose and evaluate several metal-free and metal-containing phosphines that provide strong CO2 binding under ambient conditions. Depending on the electron donating capacity of the phosphine and the ability of the P-bound ligands to hydrogen bond to the CO2, we find that the CO2 binding can be as strong as -18.6 kcal/mol downhill, which should be quite adequate for ambient conditions. We explore some modifications of the phosphine to improve CO2 binding, and we elucidate which chemical descriptors correlate directly with CO2 binding energy. Specifically, we find that charge accumulation on the CO2 unit of the CO2-bound adduct has the greatest correlation with CO2 binding affinity. Finally, we probe the mechanism for CO2 reduction to CO and methanol in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Musgrave Iii
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
| | - Aleksandrs Prokofjevs
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina27411, United States
| | - William A Goddard Iii
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California91125, United States
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14
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Zhang ZF, Su MD. Theoretical Study of Reaction Mechanisms of Carbon Dioxide with E–CH 2–Z-Type Frustrated Lewis Pairs (E = C–Pb; Z = N–Bi). Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung80708, Taiwan
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15
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Effects of N-substitution on CO2 trapping by cyclic vinylidenes at DFT levels. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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16
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Ferrer M, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Oliva‐Enrich JM. Use of 5,10-Disubstituted Dibenzoazaborines and Dibenzophosphaborines as Cyclic Supports of Frustrated Lewis Pairs for the Capture of CO 2. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200204. [PMID: 35703469 PMCID: PMC9796958 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of 5,10-disubstituted dibenzoazaborines and dibenzophosphaborines towards carbon dioxide was studied at the DFT, M06-2X/def2-TZVP, computational level. The profile of this reaction comprises of three stationary points: the pre-reactive complex and adduct minima and the transition state(TS) linking both minima. Initial results show that dibenzoazaborines derivatives are less suitable to form adducts with CO2 than dibenzophosphaborine systems. The influence of the basicity on the P atom and the acidity on the B center of the dibenzophosphaborine in the reaction with CO2 was also explored. Thus, an equation was developed relating the properties (acidity, basicity and boron hybridization) of the isolated dibenzophosphaborine derivatives with the adduct energy. We found that modulation of the boron acidity allows to obtain more stable adducts than the pre-reactive complexes and isolated monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC)Juan de la Cierva, 328006MadridSpain
- PhD Program in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational ModelingDoctoral SchoolUniversidad Autónoma de Madrid28049MadridSpain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC)Juan de la Cierva, 328006MadridSpain
| | - Jose Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC)Juan de la Cierva, 328006MadridSpain
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17
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Zhang ZF, Su MD. Theoretical Study of the Activation Reaction of a Zr +/P-Based Frustrated Lewis Pair with Carbon Dioxide. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5534-5544. [PMID: 35960144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination reactions of carbon dioxide with a Zr+/P-based frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) were computationally explored within the density functional theory framework [B3LYP-D3(BJ)/def2-TZVP]. Results showed that these reactions are exothermic, associated with relatively low activation barriers, and proceed concertedly involving Zr+-O and P-C chemical bond formations. Theoretical analysis revealed that the shorter the Zr+···P bond length of the Zr+/P-based FLP, the shorter the stretching O-C bond length of CO2 upon reaction, the larger the ∠OCO bending angle of CO2, the smaller the deformation energy of CO2, the lower the barrier height, and the greater the reactivity between the Zr+/P-based FLP and CO2. According to the energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence, the bonding natures of their associated transition states are determined by the singlet-singlet interaction (donor-acceptor interaction), not the triplet-triplet interaction (electron-sharing interaction). Moreover, the bonding characteristics between Zr+/P-based FLPs and CO2 are established predominantly by the lone pair orbital(P) → the empty p-π* orbital (CO2) interaction, not the empty d-orbital(Zr+) ← the filled p-π orbital (CO2) interaction. With the use of the activation strain model, theoretical examinations showed that the reactivity trend of such combination reactions is mainly attributed to the deformation energies of the deformed reactants. The relationship between deformed geometrical structures and related activation energies is in good agreement with Hammond's postulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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18
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Zur J, Schmidt M, Feichtner K, Duari P, Löffler J, Scherpf T, Gessner VH. From Stable PH-Ylides to α-Carbanionic Phosphines as Ligands for Zwitterionic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203950. [PMID: 35644923 PMCID: PMC9401067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although ylides are commonly used reagents in organic synthesis, the parent methylphosphine MePH2 only exists in its phosphine form in the condensed phase. Its ylide tautomer H3 P+ -CH2 - is considerably higher in energy. Here, we report on the formation of bis(sulfonyl)methyl-substituted phosphines of the type (RO2 S)2 C(H)-PR2, which form stable PH ylides under ambient conditions, amongst the first examples of an acyclic phosphine which only exists in its PH ylide form. Depending on the exact substitution pattern the phosphines form an equilibrium between the PH ylide and the phosphine form or exist as one of both extremes. These phosphines were found to be ideal starting systems for the facile formation of α-carbanionic phosphines. The carbanion-functionalization leads to a switch from electron-poor to highly electron-rich phosphines with strong donor abilities and high basicities. Thus, the phosphines readily react with different electrophiles exclusively at the phosphorus atom and not at the carbanionic center. Furthermore, the anionic nature of the phosphines allows the formation of zwitterionic complexes as demonstrated by the isolation of a gold(I) complex with a cationic metal center. The cationic gold center allows for catalytic activity in the hydroamination of alkyne without requiring a further activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana‐Alina Zur
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Prakash Duari
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
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19
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Boudreaux CM, Nugegoda D, Yao W, Le N, Frey NC, Li Q, Qu F, Zeller M, Webster CE, Delcamp JH, Papish ET. Low-Valent Cobalt(I) CNC Pincer Complexes as Catalysts for Light-Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chance M. Boudreaux
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Dinesh Nugegoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Wenzhi Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Nghia Le
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Hand Lab, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Nathan C. Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Hand Lab, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, X-ray Crystallography, Wetherill 101B, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Hand Lab, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Coulter Hall, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Elizabeth T. Papish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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20
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Wei R, Ju S, Liu LL. Free Metallophosphines: Extremely Electron‐Rich Phosphorus Superbases That Are Electronically and Sterically Tunable**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205618. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shaoying Ju
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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21
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Szynkiewicz N, Chojnacki J, Grubba R. Exploring the Reactivity of Unsymmetrical Diphosphanes toward Heterocumulenes: Access to Phosphanyl and Phosphoryl Derivatives of Amides, Imines, and Iminoamides. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9523-9532. [PMID: 35700273 PMCID: PMC9490836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present a comprehensive
study on the diphosphanation of iso(thio)cyanates
by unsymmetrical diphosphanes. The reactions involving unsymmetrical
diphosphanes and phenyl isocyanate or phenyl thioisocyanate gave rise
to phosphanyl, phosphoryl, and thiophosphoryl derivatives of amides,
imines, and iminoamides. The structures of the diphosphanation products
were confirmed through NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal
X-ray diffraction. We showed that unsymmetrical diphosphanes could
be used as building blocks to synthesize phosphorus analogues of important
classes of organic molecules. The described transformations provided
a new methodology for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds
bearing phosphanyl, phosphoryl, or thiophosphoryl functional groups.
Moreover, theoretical studies on diphosphanation reactions explained
the influence of the steric and electronic properties of the parent
diphosphanes on the structures of the diphosphanation products. We provided synthetic access to phosphanyl,
phosphoryl,
or thiophosphoryl derivatives of amides, imines, and iminoamides starting
from simple building blocks such as unsymmetrical diphosphanes and
heterocumulenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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22
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Faizan M, Pawar R. Boron based intramolecular heterocyclic frustrated Lewis pairs as organocatalysts for CO 2 adsorption and activation. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1474-1483. [PMID: 35733241 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The massive increase in the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) in the atmosphere has led to serious environmental problems. One of the best ways to tackle this problem is the CO2 capture and its utilization as a C1 carbon source for the production of industrially valuable chemicals. But the thermodynamic stability of the CO2 molecule poses a great challenge in its transformation. Since the last two decades, various metal-based and organic catalysts have been developed for the adsorption and activation of CO2 . Among all the catalysts the Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have been shown great potential in CO2 capture and conversion. Thus, in the present work, Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis pairs (IFLP) based on N-Heterocycles with boron group functionalization at the α-position to N has been theoretically investigated for CO2 activation. Thorough orbital analysis has been carried out to investigate the reactivity of the proposed catalytic systems. The result shows that the considered IFLPs are capable of activating CO2 with minimum energy requirements. The CO2 activation energy range between 8 and 14 kcal/mol. The non-polar solvent was found to be the suitable medium for the reaction. Also, the reversibility of the adducts formed with the IFLPs can be controlled by appropriate substitution at B atom in the IFLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad Faizan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal (NITW), Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Ravinder Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Warangal (NITW), Warangal, Telangana, India
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23
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Zur J, Schmidt M, Feichtner K, Duari P, Löffler J, Scherpf T, Gessner VH. From Stable PH‐Ylides to α‐Carbanionic Phosphines as Ligands for Zwitterionic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana‐Alina Zur
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Prakash Duari
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
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24
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Wei R, Ju S, Liu LL. Free Metallophosphines: Extremely Electron‐Rich Phosphorus Superbases That Are Electronically and Sterically Tunable**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shaoying Ju
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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25
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Du S, Jia H, Rong H, Song H, Cui C, Mo Z. Synthesis and Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic Silylene Stabilized Disilicon(0) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115570. [PMID: 35132739 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and reactivity of disilicon(0) complexes are of fundamental and application importance. Herein, we report the development of an N-heterocyclic imino-substituted silylene (1), which has strong σ-donating ability and is significantly sterically hindered. The one-pot reaction of this silylene with [IPr→SiCl2 ] (IPr=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene) and KC8 (2 equiv) in THF at -30 °C leads to a silylene-ligated disilicon(0) complex (2), isolated as red crystals in 60 % yield. Characterization data and DFT calculations show that the trans-bent Si4 skeleton in 2 features a Si0 =Si0 double bond with significant π-π bonding and one lone pair of electrons on each of these two Si0 atoms. Complex 2 reacts readily with phenylacetylene, producing a structurally intriguing silatricyclic complex 6,8-diaza-1,2,5-trisilatricyclo-[3.2.1.02,7 ]-oct-3-ene (3), and revealing new aspects of low-valent silicon chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhi Du
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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26
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Lu YS, Chen W, Wen QL, Zhou H. Pyridinylidenaminophosphines as Versatile Organocatalysts for CO2 Transformations into Value‐Added Chemicals. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shang Lu
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals CHINA
| | - Wei Chen
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals CHINA
| | - Qi Lang Wen
- Dalian University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals CHINA
| | - Hui Zhou
- Dalian University of Technology State Key of Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian 116024 116024 Dalian CHINA
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27
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Jupp AR. Evidence for the encounter complex in frustrated Lewis pair chemistry. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10681-10689. [PMID: 35412552 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00655c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) are combinations of bulky Lewis acids and bases that can carry out small-molecule activation and catalysis. Mechanistically, the reaction of the acid, base and substrate involves the collision of three distinct molecules, and so the pre-association of the acid and base to form an encounter complex has been proposed. This article will examine the evidence for the formation of this encounter complex, focusing on the archetypal main-group combinations P(tBu)3/B(C6F5)3 and PMes3/B(C6F5)3 (Mes = mesityl), and includes quantum chemical calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, NMR spectroscopic measurements and neutron scattering. Furthermore, the recent discovery that the associated acid and base can absorb a photon to promote single-electron transfer has enabled the encounter complex to also be studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and resonance Raman spectroscopy. These data all support the notion that the encounter complex is only weakly held together and in low concentration in solution. The insights that these studies provide underpin the exciting transformations that can be promoted by FLPs. Finally, some observations and unanswered questions are provided to prompt further study in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Jupp
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK.
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28
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Wang D, Guo S, Wang Y, Liu Q, Sun C, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Cao S. Pentacoordinated spirophosphoranide as Lewis base to activate CO2 combining with alkyl halide under mild conditions. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Du S, Jia H, Rong H, Song H, Cui C, Mo Z. Synthesis and Reactivity of N‐Heterocyclic Silylene Stabilized Disilicon(0) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhi Du
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hongwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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Wilm LFB, Das M, Janssen‐Müller D, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Glorius F, Dielmann F. Photoschaltbare Stickstoff‐Superbasen: Mit Licht Kohlenstoffdioxid reversibel fixieren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Institut für Organische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Daniel Janssen‐Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Institut für Organische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Institut für Allgemeine Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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31
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Wilm LFB, Das M, Janssen‐Müller D, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Glorius F, Dielmann F. Photoswitchable Nitrogen Superbases: Using Light for Reversible Carbon Dioxide Capture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112344. [PMID: 34694044 PMCID: PMC9299603 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Using light as an external stimulus to alter the reactivity of Lewis bases is an intriguing tool for controlling chemical reactions. Reversible photoreactions associated with pronounced reactivity changes are particularly valuable in this regard. We herein report the first photoswitchable nitrogen superbases based on guanidines equipped with a photochromic dithienylethene unit. The resulting N-heterocyclic imines (NHIs) undergo reversible, near quantitative electrocyclic isomerization upon successive exposure to UV and visible irradiation, as demonstrated over multiple cycles. Switching between the ring-opened and ring-closed states is accompanied by substantial pKa shifts of the NHIs by up to 8.7 units. Since only the ring-closed isomers are sufficiently basic to activate CO2 via the formation of zwitterionic Lewis base adducts, cycling between the two isomeric states enables the light-controlled capture and release of CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 28–3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Institute of Organic ChemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Daniel Janssen‐Müller
- Institute of Organic ChemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Institute of Organic ChemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Institute of Organic ChemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 28–3048149MünsterGermany
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens-Universität InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
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32
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Buß F, Röthel MB, Werra JA, Rotering P, Wilm LFB, Daniliuc CG, Löwe P, Dielmann F. Tris(tetramethylguanidinyl)phosphine: The Simplest Non-ionic Phosphorus Superbase and Strongly Donating Phosphine Ligand. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104021. [PMID: 34793627 PMCID: PMC9300019 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and properties of the much sought-after tris(1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinyl) phosphine P(tmg)3 , a crystalline, superbasic phosphine accessible through a short and scalable procedure from the cheap and commercially available bulk chemicals 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine, tris(dimethylamino)-phosphine and phosphorus trichloride. The new phosphine exhibits exceptional electron donor properties and readily forms transition metal complexes with gold(I), palladium(II) and rhodium(I) precursors. The formation of zwitterionic Lewis base adducts with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide was explored. In addition, the complete series of phosphine chalcogenides was prepared from the reaction of P(tmg)3 with N2 O and the elemental chalcogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florenz Buß
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 28–3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Maike B. Röthel
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–82A-6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Janina A. Werra
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–82A-6020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Philipp Rotering
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 28–3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 28–3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Pawel Löwe
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 28–3048149MünsterGermany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and BiomedicineInnrain 80–82A-6020InnsbruckAustria
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33
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Sigmund LM, Engels E, Richert N, Greb L. Calix[4]pyrrolato gallate: square planar-coordinated gallium( iii) and its metal–ligand cooperative reactivity with CO 2 and alcohols. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11215-11220. [PMID: 36320463 PMCID: PMC9516954 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Forcing a priori tetracoordinate atoms into planar configuration represents a promising concept for enhanced reactivity of p-block element-based systems. Herein, the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of calix[4]pyrrolato gallates, constituting square planar-coordinated gallium(iii) atoms, are reported. Unusual structural constraint-induced Lewis acidity against neutral and anionic donors is disclosed by experiment and rationalized by computations. An energetically balanced dearomatization/rearomatization of a pyrrole unit enables fully reversible metal–ligand cooperative capture of CO2. While alcohols are found unreactive against the gallates, a rapid and selective OH-bond activation can be triggered upon protonation of the ligand. Secondary ligand–sphere modification adds a new avenue to structurally-constrained complexes that unites functional group tolerance with unconventional reactivity. Ideally square-planar coordinated gallium(iii) species is isolated and fully characterized. Spontaneous metal–ligand cooperative reactivity towards CO2 is observed, while OH-bond activation of alcohols can be triggered by protonation of the ligand.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M. Sigmund
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Eliane Engels
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Nick Richert
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Freie Universität Berlin, Anorganische Chemie, Fabeckstraße 34-36, Berlin 14195, Germany
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34
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Fan J, Quek S, Yang MC, Zhang ZF, Su MD, So CW. Reversible CO 2 activation by a N-phosphinoamidinato digermyne. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:1033-1036. [PMID: 34951421 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The N-phosphinoamidinato digermynes [LG̈e-G̈eL] (L = tBu2PNC(Ph)NAr, 4: Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3, 5: Ar = Ph) underwent reversible CO2 activation to form [LG̈eOC(O)G̈eL] (6: Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3, 7: Ar = Ph). Compound 7 was further reacted with diphenylacetylene and hexafluorobenzene, which proceeded through compound 5 in the first step, to form CO2, [LG̈eC(Ph) = C(Ph) G̈eL] (8), [LG̈eF] (9) and [LG̈eC6F5] (10), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Shina Quek
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan.,Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore.
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Vermersch F, Yazdani S, Junor GP, Grotjahn DB, Jazzar R, Bertrand G. Stable Singlet Carbenes as Organic Superbases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Vermersch
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Sima Yazdani
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182-1030 USA
| | - Glen P. Junor
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Douglas B. Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Drive San Diego CA 92182-1030 USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0358 USA
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36
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Vermersch F, Yazdani S, Junor GP, Grotjahn DB, Jazzar R, Bertrand G. Stable Singlet Carbenes as Organic Superbases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27253-27257. [PMID: 34729888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A simple experimental procedure for scaling carbene Brønsted basicity is described. The results highlight the strong basicity of pyrazol-4-ylidenes, a type of mesoionic carbene, also named cyclic-bentallenes (CBA). They are more basic (pKaH >42.7 in acetonitrile) than the popular proazaphosphatrane Verkade bases, and even the Schwesinger phosphazene superbase P4 (t Bu). The basicity of these compounds can readily be tuned, and they are accessible in multigram quantities. These results open new avenues for carbon centered superbases.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Vermersch
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Sima Yazdani
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1030, USA
| | - Glen P Junor
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Douglas B Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-1030, USA
| | - Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
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37
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Guo C, Schwedtmann K, Fidelius J, Hennersdorf F, Dickschat A, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Weigand JJ. Bifunctional Fluorophosphonium Triflates as Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Reversible CO 2 Sequestration and Binding of Carbonyls, Nitriles and Acetylenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:13709-13714. [PMID: 34432918 PMCID: PMC8518062 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic fluorophosphonium triflates bearing pyridyl (3[OTf]) or imidazolyl (4[OTf])-substituents act as intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) and reversibly form 1 : 1 adducts with CO2 (5+ and 6+ ). An unusual and labile spirocyclic tetrahedral intermediate (72+ ) is observed in CO2 -pressurized (0.5-2.0 bar) solutions of cation 4+ at low temperatures, as demonstrated by variable-temperature NMR studies, which were confirmed crystallographically. In addition, cations 3+ and 4+ actively bind carbonyls, nitriles and acetylenes by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, as shown by selected examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Xiang Guo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTU DresdenChair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry01062DresdenGermany
| | - Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTU DresdenChair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry01062DresdenGermany
| | - Jannis Fidelius
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTU DresdenChair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry01062DresdenGermany
| | - Felix Hennersdorf
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTU DresdenChair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry01062DresdenGermany
| | - Arne Dickschat
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTU DresdenChair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry01062DresdenGermany
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de Illes Balears07122Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of ChemistryUniversitat de Illes Balears07122Palma de MallorcaSpain
| | - Jan J. Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTU DresdenChair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry01062DresdenGermany
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38
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Sharma MK, Wölper C, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Reversible and Irreversible [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Heteroallenes to a Gallaphosphene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21784-21788. [PMID: 34324782 PMCID: PMC8519123 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[2+2] Cycloaddition reactions of gallaphosphene L(Cl)GaPGaL 1 (L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6-i-Pr2 C6 H3 )]2 ) with carbodiimides [C(NR)2 ; R=i-Pr, Cy] and isocyanates [RNCO; R=Et, i-Pr, Cy] yielded four-membered metallaheterocycles LGa(Cl)P[μ-C(X)NR]GaL (X=NR, R=i-Pr 2, Cy 3; X=O, R=Et 4, i-Pr 5, Cy 6). Compounds 4-6 reversibly react with CO2 via [2+2] cycloaddition at ambient temperature to the six-membered metallaheterocycles LGa(Cl)P[μ-C(O)O]-μ-C(O)N(R)GaL (R=Et 7, i-Pr 8, Cy 9). Compounds 2-9 were characterized by IR and heteronuclear (1 H, 13 C{1 H}, 31 P{1 H}) NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, while quantum chemical calculations provided a deeper understanding on the energetics of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 5–745141EssenGermany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 5–745141EssenGermany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 5–745141EssenGermany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 5–745141EssenGermany
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39
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Sharma MK, Wölper C, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Reversible und irreversible [2+2]‐Cycloadditionen von Heteroallenen an ein Gallaphosphen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Deutschland
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40
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Löffler J, Gauld RM, Feichtner KS, Rodstein I, Zur JA, Handelmann J, Schwarz C, Gessner VH. Ylide-Substituted Phosphines with a Cyclic Ylide-Backbone: Angle Dependence of the Donor Strength. Organometallics 2021; 40:2888-2900. [PMID: 34475611 PMCID: PMC8385760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ylide-substituted phosphines (YPhos) have been shown to be highly electron-rich and efficient ligands in a variety of palladium catalyzed transformations. Here, the synthesis and characterization of novel YPhos ligands containing a cyclic backbone architecture are reported. The ligands are easily synthesized from a cyclic phosphonium salt and the chlorophosphines Cy2PCl (L1) and Cy(FluMe)PCl (L2, with FluMe = 9-methylfluorenyl) and were characterized in both solution and solid states. The smaller PCy2-substituted ligand, L1, readily formed the biscoordinate L1 2 Pd species when treated with Pd2(dba)3 and showed no activity in palladium-catalyzed amination reactions even when applied as defined palladium(II) η3-allyl, t-Bu-indenyl, or cinnamyl precursors. Bulkier fluorenyl-substituted ligand L2 similarly was inactive, despite its ability to form the stable monophosphine complex L2·Pd(dba). Assessment of the electronic properties by experimental and computational methods revealed that L1 and L2 are considerably less electron-rich than previously synthesized YPhos ligands. This was shown to be the result of the small P-C-S bond angle, which is sterically enforced due to the cyclic nature of the backbone. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the small angle results in an increased s-character of the lone pair at the ylidic carbon atom and leads to a polarization of the C-P bond toward the carbon atom, thus decreasing the electron density at the phosphorus atom. The results demonstrate the tunability of the donor strength of YPhos ligands by modification of the ligand backbone beyond simple changes of the substitution pattern and are thus important for future ligand design, with a careful balance of many factors to be considered to achieve catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Löffler
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard M. Gauld
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilja Rodstein
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jana-Alina Zur
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Handelmann
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christopher Schwarz
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair
of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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41
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Ferrer M, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Oliva-Enrich JM. Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide with Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on N-Heterocycles with Silane/Germane Groups. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6976-6984. [PMID: 34375528 PMCID: PMC8389994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) based on nitrogen heterocycles (pyridine, pyrazole, and imidazole) with a silane or germane group in the α-position of a nitrogen atom have been considered as potential molecules to sequestrate carbon dioxide. Three stationary points have been characterized in the reaction profile: a pre-reactive complex, an adduct minimum, and the transition state connecting them. The effect of external (solvent) or internal (hydroxyl group) electric fields in the reaction profile has been considered. In both cases, it is possible to improve the kinetics and thermodynamics of the complexation of CO2 by the FLP and favor the formation of adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Ferrer
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- PhD Programme in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational Modelling, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Oliva-Enrich
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano (CSIC), Serrano, 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Bai Y, Wang H, He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Dual-initiating and living frustrated Lewis pairs: expeditious synthesis of biobased thermoplastic elastomers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4874. [PMID: 34385442 PMCID: PMC8360971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biobased poly(γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (PMMBL), an acrylic polymer bearing a cyclic lactone ring, has attracted increasing interest because it not only is biorenewable but also exhibits superior properties to petroleum-based linear analog poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). However, such property enhancement has been limited to resistance to heat and solvent, and mechanically both types of polymers are equally brittle. Here we report the expeditious synthesis of well-defined PMMBL-based ABA tri-block copolymers (tri-BCPs)-enabled by dual-initiating and living frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs)-which are thermoplastic elastomers showing much superior mechanical properties, especially at high working temperatures (80-130 °C), to those of PMMA-based tri-BCPs. The FLPs consist of a bulky organoaluminum Lewis acid and a series of newly designed bis(imino)phosphine superbases bridged by an alkyl linker, which promote living polymerization of MMBL. Uniquely, such bisphosphine superbases initiate the chain growth from both P-sites concurrently, enabling the accelerated synthesis of tri-BCPs in a one-pot, two-step procedure. The results from mechanistic studies, including the single crystal structure of the dually initiated active species, detailed polymerizations, and kinetic studies confirm the livingness of the polymerization and support the proposed polymerization mechanism featuring the dual initiation and subsequent chain growth from both P-sites of the superbase di-initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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43
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Li TT, Shao MQ, Gu C, Peng SS, Liu XQ, Sun LB. Low-temperature conversion of base precursor KNO3 on core–shell structured Fe3O4@C: Fabrication of magnetically responsive solid strong bases. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Weitkamp RF, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Phosphorus-Containing Superbases: Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Electron-Abundant Phosphines and Phosphazenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10807-10825. [PMID: 34032319 PMCID: PMC8362139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The renaissance of Brønsted superbases is primarily based on their pronounced capacity for a large variety of chemical transformations under mild reaction conditions. Four major set screws are available for the selective tuning of the basicity: the nature of the basic center (N, P, …), the degree of electron donation by substituents to the central atom, the possibility of charge delocalization, and the energy gain by hydrogen bonding. Within the past decades, a plethora of neutral electron-rich phosphine and phosphazene bases have appeared in the literature. Their outstanding properties and advantages over inorganic or charged bases have now made them indispensable as auxiliary bases in deprotonation processes. Herein, an update of the chemistry of basic phosphines and phosphazenes is given. In addition, due to widespread interest, their use in catalysis or as ligands in coordination chemistry is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Weitkamp
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Centrum für Molekulare MaterialienFakultät für ChemieUniversität BielefeldUniversitätsstraße 2533615BielefeldGermany
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45
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Sharma MK, Wölper C, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Vielseitiges Gallaphosphen: Von einem Ga‐P‐Ga‐Heteroallylkation über CO
2
‐Speicherung hin zu C(sp
3
)‐H‐Bindungsaktivierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Center für Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Center für Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Deutschland
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Center für Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Universität Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 5–7 45141 Essen Deutschland
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46
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Sharma MK, Wölper C, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Multi-Talented Gallaphosphene for Ga-P-Ga Heteroallyl Cation Generation, CO 2 Storage, and C(sp 3 )-H Bond Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6784-6790. [PMID: 33368922 PMCID: PMC7986129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gallaphosphene L(Cl)GaPGaL (2; L=HC[C(Me)N(2,6-i-Pr2 C6 H3 )]2 ), which is synthesized by reaction of LGa(Cl)PCO (1) with LGa, reacts with [Na(OCP)(dioxane)2.5 ] to LGa(OCP)PGaL (3), whereas chloride abstraction with LiBArF 4 yields [LGaPGaL][BArF 4 ] (4; BArF 4 =B(C6 F5 )4 ). 4 represents a heteronuclear analog of the allyl cation according to quantum chemical calculations. Remarkably, 2 reversibly reacts with CO2 to yield L(Cl)Ga-P[μ-C(O)O]2 GaL (5), while reactions with acetophenone and acetone selectively give compounds 6 and 7 by C(sp3 )-H bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 5–745141EssenGermany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 5–745141EssenGermany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 5–745141EssenGermany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 5–745141EssenGermany
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47
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Souleymanou MY, El‐Ouahabi F, Masdeu‐Bultó AM, Godard C. Cooperative NHC‐based Catalytic System Immobilised onto Carbon Materials for the Cycloaddition of CO
2
to Epoxides. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Y. Souleymanou
- Department de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira I Virgili C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Fatima El‐Ouahabi
- Department de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira I Virgili C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Anna M. Masdeu‐Bultó
- Department de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira I Virgili C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Department de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira I Virgili C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
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48
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Reactivity of bulky aminophosphanes towards small molecules: Activation of dihydrogen and carbon dioxide by aminophosphane/borane frustrated Lewis pairs. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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49
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Richard NA, Khor CK, Hetherington SM, Mills SL, Decken A, Dyker CA. Iminophosphorano-Substituted Bispyridinylidenes: Redox Potentials and Substituent Constants from Tolman Electronic Parameters. Chemistry 2020; 26:17371-17375. [PMID: 33022780 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bispyridinylidenes (BPYs) have emerged as an important class of neutral organic electron donors, with redox potentials that vary widely with choice of substituent. Methods to predict the effect of substitution on the redox potential are therefore highly desirable. Here we show that the redox potential of BPYs featuring iminophosphorano substituents (R3 P=N-), which represent the most reducing class of BPYs, can be predicted based on the well-known Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) for the respective phosphine fragment (R3 P). Moreover, building on earlier work relating redox potentials to Hammett-type substituent constants, it is now possible to quantitatively predict σp + values for iminophosphorano substituents from TEP values. These results provide a path for precisely tailoring redox potentials of iminophosphorano-substituted BPYs, but also give quantitative descriptors for how these highly versatile iminophosphorano substituents can impact the properties of any molecular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Richard
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Chun Keat Khor
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Sydney M Hetherington
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Scott L Mills
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - C Adam Dyker
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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50
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Effective Control of the Electron‐donating Ability of Phosphines by using Phosphazenyl and Phosphoniumylidyl Substituents. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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