1
|
Peng D, Luo X, Zhu R, Tong W, Yang Y, Li G, Wang Q. Tagpyrrollins A and B and Tagpyrrollidone A: Three Pyrrole Steroid Analogues with AKR1B1-Targeting Inhibitory Activity from the Sponges Stylissa massa and Pseudospongosorites suberitoides. Org Lett 2024; 26:5794-5798. [PMID: 38935544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Pyrrole alkaloids (PAs) are a diverse class of natural products with complex carbon frameworks and broad bioactivities that are usually derived from marine sponges. Stylissa massa and Pseudospongosorites suberitoides are two independent sponges collected from the South China Sea in 2013 and 2018, respectively. We discovered PAs are common constituents in both two sponges; more specifically, S. massa produces pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids, and P. suberitoides contains pyrrolidone alkaloids. In this study, three pyrrole steroid metabolites were obtained. Compounds 1 and 2 are a pair of epimers sharing a new 5/7/5/6/6 pentacyclic structural configuration, and compound 3 has a new rigid 5/6/6 tricyclic structure. Interestingly, their scaffolds all possess a 6/6 bicyclic system on the featured classic pyrrole/pyrrolidone skeletons, so-dubbed tagpyrrollins A and B (1 and 2, respectively) and tagpyrrollidone A (3). From a biosynthetic viewpoint, 4,5-dihydroxypent-2-enal probably plays a crucial role in constructing these pyrrole steroid analogues. Based on our previous study on the inhibitory activity of spongiacidin targeting AKR1B1, a drug target for the treatment of chronic diabetic complications, in this study we found that tagpyrrolin A (1) also exhibits an inhibitory effect against AKR1B1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Xiangchao Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Runwei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Wenli Tong
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ainembabazi D, Zhang Y, Turchi JJ. The mechanistic role of cardiac glycosides in DNA damage response and repair signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:250. [PMID: 37584722 PMCID: PMC10432338 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are a class of bioactive organic compounds well-known for their application in treating heart disease despite a narrow therapeutic window. Considerable evidence has demonstrated the potential to repurpose CGs for cancer treatment. Chemical modification of these CGs has been utilized in attempts to increase their anti-cancer properties; however, this has met limited success as their mechanism of action is still speculative. Recent studies have identified the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway as a target of CGs. DDR serves to coordinate numerous cellular pathways to initiate cell cycle arrest, promote DNA repair, regulate replication fork firing and protection, or induce apoptosis to avoid the survival of cells with DNA damage or cells carrying mutations. Understanding the modus operandi of cardiac glycosides will provide critical information to better address improvements in potency, reduced toxicity, and the potential to overcome drug resistance. This review summarizes recent scientific findings of the molecular mechanisms of cardiac glycosides affecting the DDR signaling pathway in cancer therapeutics from 2010 to 2022. We focus on the structural and functional differences of CGs toward identifying the critical features for DDR targeting of these agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ainembabazi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Joseph E Walther Hall, Indiana University, 980 W. Walnut St, C560, R3-C560, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - John J. Turchi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Joseph E Walther Hall, Indiana University, 980 W. Walnut St, C560, R3-C560, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao W, Li G, Zhang Q, Chen M, He L, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Fan M, Liang Y, Zhang W, Zeng F, Deng F. Cardiac glycoside neriifolin exerts anti-cancer activity in prostate cancer cells by attenuating DNA damage repair through endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115453. [PMID: 36792037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men. Patients with recurrent disease initially respond to androgen-deprivation therapy, but the tumor eventually progresses into castration-resistant PCa. Thus, new therapeutic approaches for PCa resistance to current treatments are urgently needed. Here, we report that cardiac glycoside neriifolin suppresses the malignancy of cancer cells via increasing DNA damage and apoptosis through activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in prostate cancers. We found that cardiac glycoside neriifolin markedly inhibited the cell growth and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Transcriptome sequence analysis revealed that neriifolin significantly induced DNA damage and double strand breaks (DSBs), validated with attenuation expression of genes in DSBs repair and increasing phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) foci formation, a quantitative marker of DSBs. Moreover, we found that neriifolin also activated ERS, evidenced by upregulation and activation of ERS related proteins, including eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) as well as downregulation of CCAATenhancerbinding protein alpha (C/EBP-α), a transcriptional factor that forms heterodimers with CHOP. In addition, neriifolin treatment dramatically inhibited the by tumor growth, which were reversed by CHOP loss or overexpression of C/EBP-α in nude mice. Mechanistically, neriifolin suppressed the tumor growth by increasing DNA damage and apoptosis through CHOP-C/EBP-α signaling axis of ERS in prostate cancers. Taken together, these results suggest that cardiac glycoside neriifolin may be a potential tumor-specific chemotherapeutic agent in prostate cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guihuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qianbing Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meixuan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lijun He
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 501515, China
| | - Zhicong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mingming Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanling Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fangyin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China.
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bakir Çilesizoğlu N, Yalçin E, Çavuşoğlu K, Sipahi Kuloğlu S. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of Nerium oleander L. extracts associated with toxicity profile. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21421. [PMID: 36504046 PMCID: PMC9742154 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, phytochemical analysis and toxicity profile of leaf and flower extracts of Nerium oleander L. species collected from Giresun province (Turkey) were investigated. In phytochemical analyzes, the cardiac glycoside, alkaloid, saponin and tannin contents of the extracts were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The physiological effects of extracts were determined by examining root elongation, weight gain and germination rates. Biochemical effects were determined by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which are indicators of oxidative stress. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects were investigated by mitotic index (MI), micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal abnormality (CA) tests. N. oleander leaf and flower extract applications caused significant decreases in the physiological parameters of Allium bulbs. SOD and CAT activity in root tip cells increased significantly after the application of leaf extract compared to the control group. Similar changes were observed in the application of flower extract, but these increases were found to be at a lower level compared to the increases induced by the leaf extract. An increase in MDA levels and a decrease in GSH levels were observed in groups treated with leaf and flower extracts. These changes show that the extracts cause deterioration in antioxidant/oxidant balance. It was determined that the extracts, which caused a decrease in MI rates and an increase in MN and CAs frequencies, showed the most prominent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects at 250 μg/mL doses. These toxic effects were associated with the phytochemical content of the extracts, and it was thought that cardiac glycosides and alkaloids, whose presence were detected in qualitative and quantitative analyzes, may play an important role in toxicity. Studies investigating the therapeutic properties of plants as well as their toxic effects are insufficient, which leads to the fact that plants exhibiting potential toxicity are not well known. Therefore, this study will lead many studies on the toxicity profile of the phytochemical contents of plants. Therefore, this study will draw attention to the investigation of the toxicity profile and phytochemical contents of plants and will lead to similar studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emine Yalçin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey.
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Giresun University, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Selin Sipahi Kuloğlu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vaccaro S, Rossetti A, Porrazzo A, Camero S, Cassandri M, Pomella S, Tomaciello M, Macioce G, Pedini F, Barillari G, Marchese C, Rota R, Cenci G, Tombolini M, Newman RA, Yang P, Codenotti S, Fanzani A, Megiorni F, Festuccia C, Minniti G, Gravina GL, Vulcano F, Milazzo L, Marampon F. The botanical drug PBI-05204, a supercritical CO2 extract of Nerium oleander, sensitizes alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1071176. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common a soft tissue sarcoma in childhood, provides intensive multimodal therapy, with radiotherapy (RT) playing a critical role for local tumor control. However, since RMS efficiently activates mechanisms of resistance to therapies, despite improvements, the prognosis remains still largely unsatisfactory, mainly in RMS expressing chimeric oncoproteins PAX3/PAX7-FOXO1, and fusion-positive (FP)-RMS. Cardiac glycosides (CGs), plant-derived steroid-like compounds with a selective inhibitory activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump (NKA), have shown antitumor and radio-sensitizing properties. Herein, the therapeutic properties of PBI-05204, an extract from Nerium oleander containing the CG oleandrin already studied in phase I and II clinical trials for cancer patients, were investigated, in vitro and in vivo, against FN- and FP-RMS cancer models. PBI-05204 induced growth arrest in a concentration dependent manner, with FP-RMS being more sensitive than FN-RMS, by differently regulating cell cycle regulators and commonly upregulating cell cycle inhibitors p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Cip1/Kip1. Furthermore, PBI-05204 concomitantly induced cell death on both RMS types and senescence in FN-RMS. Notably, PBI-05204 counteracted in vitro migration and invasion abilities and suppressed the formation of spheroids enriched in CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs). PBI-05204 sensitized both cell types to RT by improving the ability of RT to induce G2 growth arrest and counteracting the RT-induced activation of both Non‐Homologous End‐Joining and homologous recombination DSBs repair pathways. Finally, the antitumor and radio-sensitizing proprieties of PBI-05204 were confirmed in vivo. Notably, both in vitro and in vivo evidence confirmed the higher sensitivity to PBI-05204 of FP-RMS. Thus, PBI-05204 represents a valid radio-sensitizing agent for the treatment of RMS, including the intrinsically radio-resistant FP-RMS.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ainembabazi D, Geng X, Gavande NS, Turchi JJ, Zhang Y. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cardiac Glycosides for Cancer Therapy by Targeting the DNA Damage Response. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200415. [PMID: 36054918 PMCID: PMC9637767 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are bioactive compounds originally used to treat heart diseases, but recent studies have demonstrated their anticancer activity. We previously demonstrated that Antiaris toxicaria 2 (AT2) possesses anticancer activity in KRAS mutated lung cancers via impinging on the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Toward developing this class of molecules for cancer therapy, herein we report a multistep synthetic route utilizing k-strophanthidin as the initial building block for determination of structure-activity relationships (SARs). A systematic structural design approach was applied that included modifications of the sugar moiety, the glycoside linker, stereochemistry, and lactone ring substitutions to generate a library of O-glycosides and MeON-neoglycosides derivatives. These molecules were screened for their anticancer activities and their impact on DDR signaling in KRAS mutant lung cancer cells. These results demonstrate the ability to chemically synthesize CG derivatives and define the SARs to optimize AT2 as a cancer therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ainembabazi
- Department of MedicineHematology/OncologyIndiana UniversitySchool of Medicine980 W. Walnut Street, C56046202IndianapolisINUSA
| | - Xinran Geng
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of Medicine10900 Euclid Avenue44106ClevelandOHUSA
| | - Navnath S. Gavande
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesEugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesWayne State University259 Mack Avenue48201DetroitMIUSA,Molecular Therapeutics ProgramBarbara Ann Karmanos Cancer InstituteWayne State University4100 John R48201DetroitMIUSA
| | - John J. Turchi
- Department of MedicineHematology/OncologyIndiana UniversitySchool of Medicine980 W. Walnut Street, C56046202IndianapolisINUSA
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of PharmacologyCase Western Reserve UniversitySchool of Medicine10900 Euclid Avenue44106ClevelandOHUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin K, Gueble SE, Sundaram RK, Huseman ED, Bindra RS, Herzon SB. Mechanism-based design of agents that selectively target drug-resistant glioma. Science 2022; 377:502-511. [PMID: 35901163 PMCID: PMC9502022 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Approximately half of glioblastoma and more than two-thirds of grade II and III glioma tumors lack the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine methyl transferase (MGMT). MGMT-deficient tumors respond initially to the DNA methylation agent temozolomide (TMZ) but frequently acquire resistance through loss of the mismatch repair (MMR) pathway. We report the development of agents that overcome this resistance mechanism by inducing MMR-independent cell killing selectively in MGMT-silenced tumors. These agents deposit a dynamic DNA lesion that can be reversed by MGMT but slowly evolves into an interstrand cross-link in MGMT-deficient settings, resulting in MMR-independent cell death with low toxicity in vitro and in vivo. This discovery may lead to new treatments for gliomas and may represent a new paradigm for designing chemotherapeutics that exploit specific DNA repair defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kingson Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Susan E. Gueble
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ranjini K. Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Eric D. Huseman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ranjit S. Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Corresponding author. (S.B.H.); (R.S.B.)
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Corresponding author. (S.B.H.); (R.S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li X, Lu H, Ji M, Sun K, Pu F, Ding Y, Hu A. Synthesis and biological properties of maleimide-based macrocyclic lactone enediynes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5481-5488. [PMID: 35775821 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural enediyne antibiotics are powerful DNA-cleavage agents due to the presence of the highly reactive hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne units. However, the complicated chemical structure and thermal instability make their synthesis, derivatization, and storage challenging. Heterocycle-fused enediynes, which exhibit strong antineoplastic activity, are promising analogues of natural enediynes for medicinal applications. To this end, a series of maleimide-based enediynes with macrocyclic lactone moieties were synthesized through the Sonagashira coupling reaction. Differential scanning calorimetry and electron paramagnetic resonance results showed that these macrocyclic enediynes exhibited a rather low onset temperature and the ability to generate radicals at physiological temperature. In addition, the structure-activity relationship of enediynes was analyzed by changing the ring size and the substituents on the propargyl group. Cellular experiments indicated that the diradicals produced by these enediynes efficiently cleaved DNA and disrupted the cell cycle distribution, and consequently induced tumor cell death via an apoptosis pathway at low half inhibitory concentrations. Computational studies suggested that the maleimide moiety promoted the propargyl-allenyl rearrangement of the cyclic enediyne, enabling the generation of diradical species through the Myers-Saito cyclization, and then abstracted hydrogen atoms from the H-donors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haotian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Mingming Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Ke Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Fangxu Pu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Du J, Chen F, Yu J, Jiang L, Zhou M. The PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor Ompalisib Suppresses Nonhomologous End Joining and Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Radio- and Chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1889-1899. [PMID: 34330845 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the predominant pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) attenuates the efficacy of cancer treatment which relies on the introduction of DSBs, such as radiotherapy and genotoxic drugs. Identifying novel NHEJ inhibitors is of great importance for improving the therapeutic efficiency of radio- or chemotherapy. Here we miniaturized our recently developed NHEJ detecting system into a 96-well plate-based format and interrogated an FDA approved drug library containing 1732 compounds. A collection of novel hits were considered to be potential DSB repair inhibitors at the noncytotoxic concentration. We identified omipalisib as an efficient sensitizer for DNA damage-induced cell death in vitro. Furthermore, in vitro analysis uncovered the repressive effect of omipalisib on the phosphorylation of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit induced by ionizing radiation and doxorubicin, which led to the suppression of NHEJ pathway. IMPLICATIONS: In summary, our findings suggested the possibility for repurposing these candidates as radio- or chemosensitizers, which might extend their clinical application in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Fuqiang Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Yu
- Department of Radiobiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meijuan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tatin X, Muggiolu G, Sauvaigo S, Breton J. Evaluation of DNA double-strand break repair capacity in human cells: Critical overview of current functional methods. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 788:108388. [PMID: 34893153 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are highly deleterious lesions, responsible for mutagenesis, chromosomal translocation or cell death. DSB repair (DSBR) is therefore a critical part of the DNA damage response (DDR) to restore molecular and genomic integrity. In humans, this process is achieved through different pathways with various outcomes. The balance between DSB repair activities varies depending on cell types, tissues or individuals. Over the years, several methods have been developed to study variations in DSBR capacity. Here, we mainly focus on functional techniques, which provide dynamic information regarding global DSB repair proficiency or the activity of specific pathways. These methods rely on two kinds of approaches. Indirect techniques, such as pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the comet assay and immunofluorescence (IF), measure DSB repair capacity by quantifying the time-dependent decrease in DSB levels after exposure to a DNA-damaging agent. On the other hand, cell-free assays and reporter-based methods directly track the repair of an artificial DNA substrate. Each approach has intrinsic advantages and limitations and despite considerable efforts, there is currently no ideal method to quantify DSBR capacity. All techniques provide different information and can be regarded as complementary, but some studies report conflicting results. Parameters such as the type of biological material, the required equipment or the cost of analysis may also limit available options. Improving currently available methods measuring DSBR capacity would be a major step forward and we present direct applications in mechanistic studies, drug development, human biomonitoring and personalized medicine, where DSBR analysis may improve the identification of patients eligible for chemo- and radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Tatin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France; LXRepair, 5 Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | | | - Sylvie Sauvaigo
- LXRepair, 5 Avenue du Grand Sablon, 38700 La Tronche, France
| | - Jean Breton
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou Q, Howard ME, Tu X, Zhu Q, Denbeigh JM, Remmes NB, Herman MG, Beltran CJ, Yuan J, Greipp PT, Boughey JC, Wang L, Johnson N, Goetz MP, Sarkaria JN, Lou Z, Mutter RW. Inhibition of ATM Induces Hypersensitivity to Proton Irradiation by Upregulating Toxic End Joining. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3333-3346. [PMID: 33597272 PMCID: PMC8260463 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Proton Bragg peak irradiation has a higher ionizing density than conventional photon irradiation or the entrance of the proton beam profile. Whether targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) could enhance vulnerability to the distinct pattern of damage induced by proton Bragg peak irradiation is currently unknown. Here, we performed genetic or pharmacologic manipulation of key DDR elements and evaluated DNA damage signaling, DNA repair, and tumor control in cell lines and xenografts treated with the same physical dose across a radiotherapy linear energy transfer spectrum. Radiotherapy consisted of 6 MV photons and the entrance beam or Bragg peak of a 76.8 MeV spot scanning proton beam. More complex DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induced by Bragg peak proton irradiation preferentially underwent resection and engaged homologous recombination (HR) machinery. Unexpectedly, the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibitor, AZD0156, but not an inhibitor of ATM and Rad3-related, rendered cells hypersensitive to more densely ionizing proton Bragg peak irradiation. ATM inhibition blocked resection and shunted more DSBs to processing by toxic ligation through nonhomologous end-joining, whereas loss of DNA ligation via XRCC4 or Lig4 knockdown rescued resection and abolished the enhanced Bragg peak cell killing. Proton Bragg peak monotherapy selectively sensitized cell lines and tumor xenografts with inherent HR defects, and the repair defect induced by ATM inhibitor coadministration showed enhanced efficacy in HR-proficient models. In summary, inherent defects in HR or administration of an ATM inhibitor in HR-proficient tumors selectively enhances the relative biological effectiveness of proton Bragg peak irradiation. SIGNIFICANCE: Coadministration of an ATM inhibitor rewires DNA repair machinery to render cancer cells uniquely hypersensitive to DNA damage induced by the proton Bragg peak, which is characterized by higher density ionization.See related commentary by Nickoloff, p. 3156.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Michael G Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chris J Beltran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patricia T Greipp
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Judy C Boughey
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Neil Johnson
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert W Mutter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Zhao Y, Su W, Guo X, Li S. Development of a CRISPR-Cas9 Based Luciferase Turn-On System as Nonhomologous End Joining Pathway Reporter. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2177-2181. [PMID: 33882189 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There is a need of a non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway reporter system that facilitates screening and discovery of NHEJ chemical inhibitors. In this study, we developed a CRISPR-Cas9 based luciferase turn-on system as a NHEJ pathway reporter. By substituting nucleotide 205C with ATC, we introduced a reading-frame shift and a pre-stop codon into the luciferase coding region and thereby generated a bioluminescent signal mute HEK293T reporter cell line. Then, a CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid expressing a guide RNA targeting luciferase coding region was introduced into the reporter cell line to generate NHEJ-associated indel to restore the reading frame and subsequently turn on the bioluminescent signal. We observed over three-thousand fold increase in signal after CRISPR-Cas9 vector transfection. Different known chemical inhibitors of the NHEJ pathway, such as NU7441, KU0060648, and KU55933, could significantly inhibit the bioluminescent signal generated by CRISPR-Cas9 targeting. In addition, we validated our system by high throughput sequencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Weijun Su
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang W, Lu H, Zhang M, Ma H, Cheng X, Ding Y, Hu A. Synthesis of maleimide-based enediynes with cyclopropane moieties for enhanced cytotoxicity under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4502-4509. [PMID: 34019610 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00142f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myers-Saito cycloaromatization (MSC) is the working mechanism of many natural enediyne antibiotics with high antitumor potency. However, the presence of the equilibrium between diradical and zwitterionic intermediates in MSC severely hinders further improvement in cytotoxicity toward tumor cells. To this end, a series of maleimide-based enediynes with cyclopropane moieties were synthesized for enhanced cytotoxicity toward tumor cells. By taking advantage of radical clock reactions, the diradical intermediates generated from MSC would rearrange to new diradicals with much longer separation and weaker interactions between two radical centers. The computational study suggested a low energy barrier (4.4 kcal mol-1) for the radical rearrangement through the cyclopropane ring-opening process. Thermolysis experiments confirmed that this radical rearrangement results in the formation of a new diradical intermediate, followed by abstracting hydrogen atoms from 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Interestingly, the DNA cleavage ability and cytotoxicity of enediynes were significantly enhanced after the introduction of cyclopropane moieties. In addition, these maleimide-based enediynes exhibited a similar cytotoxicity under hypoxic conditions to that under normoxic conditions, which is beneficial for treating solid tumors where hypoxic environments frequently lead to deteriorated efficiency of many antitumor drugs. Docking studies indicated that the diradical intermediate was located between the minor groove of DNA with a binding energy of -7.40 kcal mol-1, which is in favor of intracellular DNA damage, and thereby inducing cell death via an apoptosis pathway as suggested by immunofluorescence analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haotian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Mengsi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Hailong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Geng X, Wang F, Tian D, Huang L, Streator E, Zhu J, Kurihara H, He R, Yao X, Zhang Y, Tang J. Cardiac glycosides inhibit cancer through Na/K-ATPase-dependent cell death induction. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 182:114226. [PMID: 32976831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful drug repurposing relies on the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the target compound. Cardiac glycosides have demonstrated potent anticancer activities; however, the pharmacological mechanisms underlying their anticancer effects remained elusive, which has restricted their further development in cancer treatment. A bottleneck is the lack of comprehensive understanding about genes and signaling pathways that are altered at the early stage of drug treatment, which is key to understand how they inhibit cancer. To address this issue, we first investigated the anticancer effects of a panel of 68 naturally isolated cardiac glycosides. Our results illustrate critical structure activity relationship of these compounds on cancer cell survival. We confirmed the anticancer effect of cardiac glycoside in mouse tumor xenografts. Through RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR and immunoblotting, we show that cardiac glycoside first activated autophagy and then induced apoptosis. Further activating autophagy by rapamycin or inhibiting apoptosis by caspase inhibitor mitigated cardiac glycoside-induced cell death, whereas inhibiting autophagy by RNA interference-mediated depletion of critical autophagy genes enhanced cell death. While depletion of Na/K-ATPase, the protein target of cardiac glycosides, by RNA interference inhibited both autophagy activation and apoptosis induction by cardiac glycoside, expression of human, but not rodent Na/K-ATPase, increased cell sensitivity to cardiac glycoside. In conclusion, our analyses reveal sequential activation of autophagy and apoptosis during early stages of cardiac glycoside treatment and indicate the importance of Na/K-ATPase in their anticancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Danmei Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Huang
- International Academic Support & Delivery Unit, BGI Genomics, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518083, People's Republic of China
| | - Evan Streator
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong He
- Anti-Stress and Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tian D, Tang J, Geng X, Li Q, Wang F, Zhao H, Narla G, Yao X, Zhang Y. Targeting UHRF1-dependent DNA repair selectively sensitizes KRAS mutant lung cancer to chemotherapy. Cancer Lett 2020; 493:80-90. [PMID: 32814087 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma virus oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutant lung cancer remains a challenge to cure and chemotherapy is the current standard treatment in the clinic. Hence, understanding molecular mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of KRAS mutant lung cancer to chemotherapy could help uncover unique strategies to treat this disease. Here we report a compound library screen and identification of cardiac glycosides as agents that selectively enhance the in vitro and in vivo effects of chemotherapy on KRAS mutant lung cancer. Quantitative mass spectrometry reveals that cardiac glycosides inhibit DNA double strand break (DSB) repair through suppressing the expression of UHRF1, an important DSB repair factor. Inhibition of UHRF1 by cardiac glycosides was mediated by specific suppression of the oncogenic KRAS pathway. Overexpression of UHRF1 rescued DSB repair inhibited by cardiac glycosides and depletion of UHRF1 mitigated cardiac glycoside-enhanced chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity in KRAS mutant lung cancer cells. Our study reveals a targetable dependency on UHRF1-stimulated DSB repair in KRAS mutant lung cancer in response to chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danmei Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinran Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Qingwen Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Huadong Zhao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Radiotherapy: Early Successes and Emerging Opportunities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:106-115. [PMID: 30896532 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that combining radiotherapy with cytotoxic drugs such as cisplatin can improve efficacy. However, while concurrent chemoradiotherapy improves patient outcomes, it comes at costs of increased toxicity. A tremendous opportunity remains to investigate drug combinations in the clinical setting that might increase the benefits of radiation without additional toxicity. This chapter highlights opportunities to apply repurposing of drugs along with a mechanistic understanding of radiation effects on cancer and normal tissue to discover new therapy-modifying drugs and help rapidly translate them to the clinic. We survey candidate radiosensitizers that alter DNA repair, decrease hypoxia, block tumor survival signaling, modify tumor metabolism, block growth factor signaling, slow tumor invasiveness, impair angiogenesis, or stimulate antitumor immunity. Promising agents include widely used drugs such as aspirin, metformin, and statins, offering the potential to improve outcomes, decrease radiation doses, and lower costs. Many other candidate drugs are also discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kaplan AR, Gueble SE, Liu Y, Oeck S, Kim H, Yun Z, Glazer PM. Cediranib suppresses homology-directed DNA repair through down-regulation of BRCA1/2 and RAD51. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/492/eaav4508. [PMID: 31092693 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav4508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Combining the anti-angiogenic agent cediranib with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib improves progression-free survival compared to olaparib alone in ovarian cancer patients through an unknown mechanism. PARP inhibitors are used primarily in the treatment of patients with DNA repair-associated (BRCA1/2) mutated cancers because these mutations cause a deficit in homology-directed DNA repair (HDR) that confers sensitivity to these agents. However, the combination of cediranib and olaparib was effective in patients without BRCA1/2 mutations. We report here that cediranib confers sensitivity to olaparib by down-regulating HDR in tumor cells. This occurs partially as a result of cediranib inducing hypoxia, which suppresses expression of the HDR factors BRCA1/2 and RAD51 recombinase (RAD51). However, we also observed that cediranib has a direct effect on HDR independent of its ability to induce tumor hypoxia. This direct effect occurs through platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibition, activation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and E2F transcription factor 4 (E2F4)/RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 (RB2/p130)-mediated repression of BRCA1/2 and RAD51 gene expression. This down-regulation was seen in mouse tumor xenografts but not in mouse bone marrow, providing a therapeutic window for combining cediranib and olaparib in cancer therapy. Our work reveals a treatment strategy by which DNA repair can be manipulated in human tumors to induce synthetic lethality, broadening the potential therapeutic scope of cediranib based on its activity as a DNA repair inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna R Kaplan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Susan E Gueble
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sebastian Oeck
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Zhong Yun
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jin X, Wang J, Zou S, Xu R, Cao J, Zhang Y, Guo J, Wen X, Deng S, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Wang F, Xu Z. Cinobufagin Triggers Defects in Spindle Formation and Cap-Dependent Translation in Liver Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the AURKA-mTOR-eIF4E Axis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:651-678. [PMID: 32349518 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cinobufagin is a Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) inhibitor with excellent anticancer effects to prolong the survival of patients. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the underlying mechanism of the anticancer effects of cinobufagin using overexpression or inhibition of aurora kinase A (AURKA) signaling. First, high expression of Na+/K+-ATPase alpha 1 subunit (ATP1A1) and AURAK resulted in increased malignant transformation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data and tissue samples. After treatment with cinobufagin, we successfully screened 202, 249, and 335 changing expression proteins in Huh-7 cells under normal, overexpression, and inhibition of AURKA using tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics coupled to 2D liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these molecules were closely associated with chromosome segregation, DNA damage, and regulation of translation processes. We further confirmed that cinobufagin induced DNA damage and chromosome segregation disorders and suppresses translational processing in oncogenes by decreasing the expression of AURKA, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR), p-mTOR, p-extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), and p-eIF4E, while increasing the expression of p-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) (S65, T37, T46, T45) and increasing the interaction between eIF4 and 4E-BP1. Our results suggested that cinobufagin performed an antitumor effects in liver cancer cells by inhibiting the AURKA-mTOR-eIF4E axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Jin
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Zou
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Ruicheng Xu
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin City 300170, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Jia Guo
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochang Wen
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Sanmin Deng
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| | - Yupiao Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin City 300170, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vessels and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin City 300350, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin City 300170, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Xu
- Central Laboratory, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin City 300309, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Y, Ma Q, Zhang S, Liu H, Zhao B, Du B, Wang W, Lin P, Zhang Z, Zhong Y, Kong D. Digoxin Enhances the Anticancer Effect on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer While Reducing the Cardiotoxicity of Adriamycin. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:186. [PMID: 32180730 PMCID: PMC7059749 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Digoxin is widely used to treat heart failure. Epidemiological studies suggested it might be used as an anticancer drug or sensitizing agent for cancer therapy. Adriamycin is a well-known anticancer drug, but often causes cardiotoxicity which limits its use. We recently investigated the anticancer effects of digoxin alone or in combination with adriamycin on human non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Digoxin reduced the viability of A549 and H1299 cells in vitro, increased DNA damage by promoting ROS generation and inhibiting both DNA double strand break (DSB) and single strand break (SSB) repair. Combination with adriamycin showed synergistic antiproliferative effects at the ratios of 1/2IC50DIG:IC50ADR and IC50DIG:IC50ADR on A549 and H1299 cells, respectively. In vivo, digoxin potently inhibited A549 growth in both zebrafish and nude mouse xenograft model. Co-treatment with adriamycin not only enhanced the antitumor efficacy, but also reduced the cardiotoxicity. Our findings suggest that digoxin has the potential to be applied as an antitumor drug via inhibiting both DNA DSB and SSB repair, and combination with adriamycin for therapy of human non-small cell lung cancer is reasonable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Shaolu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Baoquan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck, Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang H, Zhu Y, Sun C, Xie Y, Adu-Frimpong M, Deng W, Yu J, Xu X, Han Z, Qi G. GSH responsive nanomedicines self-assembled from small molecule prodrug alleviate the toxicity of cardiac glycosides as potent cancer drugs. Int J Pharm 2020; 575:118980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
21
|
Man S, Wang H, Zhou J, Lu Y, Su Y, Ma L. Cardiac Glycoside Compound Isolated from Helleborus thibetanus Franch Displays Potent Toxicity against HeLa Cervical Carcinoma Cells through ROS-Independent Autophagy. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2479-2487. [PMID: 31714069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to examine the anticancer activity of HTF-1, a cardiac glycoside (CG) isolated from Helleborus thibetanus Franch, using a cell-based model and to discover the underlying mechanisms with specific focus on autophagy. We found that HTF-1 was able to potently decrease the viability of several cancer cell lines especially for HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. It was discovered that HTF-1 dose dependently induced overproduction of ROS in HeLa cells, and the cell viability can be rescued when adding ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). More, we found that HTF-1 induced ROS-independent autophagy in concentration- and time-dependent manners in HeLa cells. This can be collectively verified by LC3-II and p62 abundance and also eGFP-LC3 puncta assay, bafilomycin clamp experiment, and acidotropic dye fluorescent labeling experiment. Additionally, TEM examination showed more autophagic vacuoles for HTF-1-treated HeLa cells. In HeLa cells, pretreatment with wortmannin (an inhibitor of the initial stages of autophagy to block autophagosome formation, thus, it should weaken the autophagy induction effect of HTF-1) decreased the autophagic flux and partially antagonized cell death induced by HTF-1, indicating that autophagy induced by HTF-1 played a cancer-suppressing role. Furthermore, coadministration of BAF (as a distal inhibitor of autophagy) with HTF-1 demonstrated a synergistic anticancer effect against HeLa cells. We believe that our work will enrich the understanding of CGs and especially anticarcinoma activity, also, pave the way for natural-product-based anticancer drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Haiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Yingying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| | - Yanfang Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, School of Biotechnology , Tianjin University of Science & Technology , Tianjin 300457 , China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jackson CB, Noorbakhsh SI, Sundaram RK, Kalathil AN, Ganesa S, Jia L, Breslin H, Burgenske DM, Gilad O, Sarkaria JN, Bindra RS. Temozolomide Sensitizes MGMT-Deficient Tumor Cells to ATR Inhibitors. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4331-4338. [PMID: 31273061 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is an enzyme that removes alkyl groups at the O6-position of guanine in DNA. MGMT expression is reduced or absent in many tumor types derived from a diverse range of tissues, most notably in glioma. Low MGMT expression confers significant sensitivity to DNA alkylating agents such as temozolomide, providing a natural therapeutic index over normal tissue. In this study, we sought to identify novel approaches that could maximally exploit the therapeutic index between tumor cells and normal tissues based on MGMT expression, as a means to enhance selective tumor cell killing. Temozolomide, unlike other alkylators, activated the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)-checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) axis in a manner that was highly dependent on MGMT status. Temozolomide induced growth delay, DNA double-strand breaks, and G2-M cell-cycle arrest, which led to ATR-dependent phosphorylation of Chk1; this effect was dependent on reduced MGMT expression. Treatment of MGMT-deficient cells with temozolomide increased sensitivity to ATR inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo across numerous tumor cell types. Taken together, this study reveals a novel approach for selectively targeting MGMT-deficient cells with ATR inhibitors and temozolomide. As ATR inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials, and temozolomide is a commonly used chemotherapeutic, this approach is clinically actionable. Furthermore, this interaction potently exploits a DNA-repair defect found in many cancers. SIGNIFICANCE: Monofunctional alkylating agents sensitize MGMT-deficient tumor cells to ATR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Jackson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Seth I Noorbakhsh
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ranjini K Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Aravind N Kalathil
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sachita Ganesa
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lanqi Jia
- Atrin Pharmaceuticals, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Oren Gilad
- Atrin Pharmaceuticals, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. .,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khatri HR, Bhattarai B, Kaplan W, Li Z, Curtis Long MJ, Aye Y, Nagorny P. Modular Total Synthesis and Cell-Based Anticancer Activity Evaluation of Ouabagenin and Other Cardiotonic Steroids with Varying Degrees of Oxygenation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4849-4860. [PMID: 30802047 PMCID: PMC6516474 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(II)-catalyzed diastereoselective Michael/aldol cascade approach is used to accomplish concise total syntheses of cardiotonic steroids with varying degrees of oxygenation including cardenolides ouabagenin, sarmentologenin, 19-hydroxysarmentogenin, and 5- epi-panogenin. These syntheses enabled the subsequent structure activity relationship (SAR) studies on 37 synthetic and natural steroids to elucidate the effect of oxygenation, stereochemistry, C3-glycosylation, and C17-heterocyclic ring. Based on this parallel evaluation of synthetic and natural steroids and their derivatives, glycosylated steroids cannogenol-l-α-rhamnoside (79a), strophanthidol-l-α-rhamnoside (92), and digitoxigenin-l-α-rhamnoside (97) were identified as the most potent steroids demonstrating broad anticancer activity at 10-100 nM concentrations and selectivity (nontoxic at 3 μM against NIH-3T3, MEF, and developing fish embryos). Further analyses indicate that these molecules show a general mode of anticancer activity involving DNA-damage upregulation that subsequently induces apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hem Raj Khatri
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Bijay Bhattarai
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Will Kaplan
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Nankai, People Republic of China
| | | | - Yimon Aye
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Pavel Nagorny
- Chemistry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jiang L, Iwahashi H. The roles of radio-functional natural chemicals for the development of cancer radiation therapy. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2019; 34:5-12. [PMID: 30511940 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2018-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) targeted at killing cancer cells also damages normal human cells and tissues through oxidative stress. Thus, the practical treatment of cancer using radiation therapy (RT) is sometimes limited because of the acute side effects in individual patients. In addition, some radioresistant cancers are difficult to treat with limited doses of IR, which leads to treatment failure. Natural chemicals that have unique physiological functions and low toxicity offer significant advantages for the development of new radiation therapies. Natural chemicals can counteract the oxidative damage caused by IR during RT because of their strong antioxidant ability. Certain natural chemicals can also serve as radiosensitizers that can enhance the cancer-killing effects. This review article discusses the main roles of radio-functional natural chemicals in the development of cancer RT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan, Phone/Fax: +81 080 5103 7458
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dang X, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Chen P, Liu J, Yao X, Lei B. Steroids-specific target library for steroids target prediction. Steroids 2018; 140:83-91. [PMID: 30296544 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Steroids exist universally and play critical roles in various biological processes. Identifying potential targets of steroids is of great significance in studying their physiological and biochemical activities, the side effects and for drug repurposing. Herein, aiming at more precise steroids targets prediction, a steroids-specific target library integrating 3325 PDB or homology modeling structures categorized into 196 proteins was built by considering chemical similarity from DrugBank and biological processes from KEGG. The main properties of this library include: (1) It was manually prepared and checked to eliminate mistakes. (2) The library enriched the possible steroids targets and could decrease the false positives of structure-based target screening for steroids. (3) The ranking by protein name instead of PDB ID could make the screening more efficiency and precise. (4) Protein flexibility was taken into account partially by the different active conformations through the structural redundancy of each category of protein, which leads to more accurate prediction. The case studies of glycocholic acid and 24-epibrassinolide proved its powerful predictive accuracy. In summary, our strategy to build the steroids-specific protein library for steroids target prediction is a promising approach and it provides a novel idea for the target prediction of small molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Dang
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhuo Zhou
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peizi Chen
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Beilei Lei
- Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ma L, Meng Y, Tu C, Cao X, Wang H, Li Y, Man S, Zhou J, Li M, Liu Z, Su Y. A cardiac glycoside HTF-1 isolated from Helleborus thibetanus Franch displays potent in vitro anti-cancer activity via caspase-9, MAPK and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:743-752. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
27
|
Tu X, Kahila MM, Zhou Q, Yu J, Kalari KR, Wang L, Harmsen WS, Yuan J, Boughey JC, Goetz MP, Sarkaria JN, Lou Z, Mutter RW. ATR Inhibition Is a Promising Radiosensitizing Strategy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2462-2472. [PMID: 30166399 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by elevated locoregional recurrence risk despite aggressive local therapies. New tumor-specific radiosensitizers are needed. We hypothesized that the ATR inhibitor, VX-970 (now known as M6620), would preferentially radiosensitize TNBC. Noncancerous breast epithelial and TNBC cell lines were investigated in clonogenic survival, cell cycle, and DNA damage signaling and repair assays. In addition, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models generated prospectively as part of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy study from either baseline tumor biopsies or surgical specimens with chemoresistant residual disease were assessed for sensitivity to fractionated radiotherapy, VX-970, or the combination. To explore potential response biomarkers, exome sequencing was assessed for germline and/or somatic alterations in homologous recombination (HR) genes and other alterations associated with ATR inhibitor sensitivity. VX-970 preferentially inhibited ATR-Chk1-CDC25a signaling, abrogated the radiotherapy-induced G2-M checkpoint, delayed resolution of DNA double-strand breaks, and reduced colony formation after radiotherapy in TNBC cells relative to normal-like breast epithelial cells. In vivo, VX-970 did not exhibit significant single-agent activity at the dose administered even in the context of genomic alterations predictive of ATR inhibitor responsiveness, but significantly sensitized TNBC PDXs to radiotherapy. Exome sequencing and functional testing demonstrated that combination therapy was effective in both HR-proficient and -deficient models. PDXs established from patients with chemoresistant TNBC were also highly radiosensitized. In conclusion, VX-970 is a tumor-specific radiosensitizer for TNBC. Patients with residual TNBC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a subset at particularly high risk of relapse, may be ideally suited for this treatment intensification strategy. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2462-72. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Tu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mohamed M Kahila
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William S Harmsen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Judy C Boughey
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert W Mutter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Natural scaffolds in anticancer therapy and precision medicine. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1563-1585. [PMID: 29729870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of natural compounds is essential for their mechanism of action. The source, structures and structure activity relationship of natural compounds contributed to the development of new classes of chemotherapy agents for over 40 years. The availability of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening has fueled the challenge to identify novel compounds that mimic nature's chemistry and to predict their macromolecular targets. Combining conventional and targeted therapies helped to successfully overcome drug resistance and prolong disease-free survival. Here, we aim to provide an overview of preclinical investigated natural compounds alone and in combination to further improve personalization of cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sulkowski PL, Corso CD, Robinson ND, Scanlon SE, Purshouse KR, Bai H, Liu Y, Sundaram RK, Hegan DC, Fons NR, Breuer GA, Song Y, Mishra-Gorur K, De Feyter HM, de Graaf RA, Surovtseva YV, Kachman M, Halene S, Günel M, Glazer PM, Bindra RS. 2-Hydroxyglutarate produced by neomorphic IDH mutations suppresses homologous recombination and induces PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/375/eaal2463. [PMID: 28148839 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 385] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) exists as two enantiomers, (R)-2HG and (S)-2HG, and both are implicated in tumor progression via their inhibitory effects on α-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent dioxygenases. The former is an oncometabolite that is induced by the neomorphic activity conferred by isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 mutations, whereas the latter is produced under pathologic processes such as hypoxia. We report that IDH1/2 mutations induce a homologous recombination (HR) defect that renders tumor cells exquisitely sensitive to poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. This "BRCAness" phenotype of IDH mutant cells can be completely reversed by treatment with small-molecule inhibitors of the mutant IDH1 enzyme, and conversely, it can be entirely recapitulated by treatment with either of the 2HG enantiomers in cells with intact IDH1/2 proteins. We demonstrate mutant IDH1-dependent PARP inhibitor sensitivity in a range of clinically relevant models, including primary patient-derived glioma cells in culture and genetically matched tumor xenografts in vivo. These findings provide the basis for a possible therapeutic strategy exploiting the biological consequences of mutant IDH, rather than attempting to block 2HG production, by targeting the 2HG-dependent HR deficiency with PARP inhibition. Furthermore, our results uncover an unexpected link between oncometabolites, altered DNA repair, and genetic instability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker L Sulkowski
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher D Corso
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nathaniel D Robinson
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Susan E Scanlon
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Karin R Purshouse
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hanwen Bai
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ranjini K Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Denise C Hegan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Nathan R Fons
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Gregory A Breuer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuanbin Song
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ketu Mishra-Gorur
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Henk M De Feyter
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Maureen Kachman
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Children's Health Exposure Analysis Resource for Metabolomics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Murat Günel
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Labay E, Mauceri HJ, Efimova EV, Flor AC, Sutton HG, Kron SJ, Weichselbaum RR. Repurposing cephalosporin antibiotics as pro-senescent radiosensitizers. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33919-33. [PMID: 27129153 PMCID: PMC5085128 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy remains a significant therapeutic modality in the treatment of cancer. An attractive strategy would be to enhance the benefits of ionizing radiation (IR)with radiosensitizers. A high-content drug repurposing screen of approved and investigational agents, natural products and other small molecules has identified multiple candidates that blocked repair of IR damage in vitro. Here, we validated a subset of these hits in vitro and then examined effects on tumor growth after IR in a murine tumor model. Based on robust radiosensitization in vivo and other favorable properties of cephalexin, we conducted additional studies with other beta-lactam antibiotics. When combined with IR, each cephalosporin tested increased DNA damage and slowed tumor growth without affecting normal tissue toxicity. Our data implicate reactive oxygen species in the mechanism by which cephalosporins augment the effects of IR. This work provides a rationale for using commonly prescribed beta-lactam antibiotics as non-toxic radiosensitizers to enhance the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwardine Labay
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Helena J Mauceri
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elena V Efimova
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amy C Flor
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Harold G Sutton
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Efimova EV, Ricco N, Labay E, Mauceri HJ, Flor AC, Ramamurthy A, Sutton HG, Weichselbaum RR, Kron SJ. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibition Delays DNA Repair and Promotes Senescence After Tumor Irradiation. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:407-418. [PMID: 29030460 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in combinations of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, altered fractionation schedules and image-guided radiotherapy, many cancer patients fail to benefit from radiation. A prevailing hypothesis is that targeting repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) can enhance radiation effects in the tumor and overcome therapeutic resistance without incurring off-target toxicities. Unrepaired DSBs can block cancer cell proliferation, promote cancer cell death, and induce cellular senescence. Given the slow progress to date translating novel DSB repair inhibitors as radiosensitizers, we have explored drug repurposing, a proven route to improving speed, costs, and success rates of drug development. In a prior screen where we tracked resolution of ionizing radiation-induced foci (IRIF) as a proxy for DSB repair, we had identified pitavastatin (Livalo), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor commonly used for lipid lowering, as a candidate radiosensitizer. Here, we report that pitavastatin and other lipophilic statins are potent inhibitors of DSB repair in breast and melanoma models both in vitro and in vivo When combined with ionizing radiation, pitavastatin increased persistent DSBs, induced senescence, and enhanced acute effects of radiation on radioresistant melanoma tumors. shRNA knockdown implicated HMG-CoA reductase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and protein farnesyl transferase in IRIF resolution, DSB repair, and senescence. These data confirm on-target activity of statins, although via inhibition of protein prenylation rather than cholesterol biosynthesis. In light of prior studies demonstrating enhanced efficacy of radiotherapy in patients taking statins, this work argues for clinical evaluation of lipophilic statins as nontoxic radiosensitizers to enhance the benefits of image-guided radiotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 407-18. ©2017 AACRSee all articles in this MCT Focus section, "Developmental Therapeutics in Radiation Oncology."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Efimova
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Natalia Ricco
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edwardine Labay
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Helena J Mauceri
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amy C Flor
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aishwarya Ramamurthy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harold G Sutton
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Du J, Shang J, Chen F, Zhang Y, Yin N, Xie T, Zhang H, Yu J, Liu F. A CRISPR/Cas9–Based Screening for Non-Homologous End Joining Inhibitors Reveals Ouabain and Penfluridol as Radiosensitizers. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 17:419-431. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
King AR, Corso CD, Chen EM, Song E, Bongiorni P, Chen Z, Sundaram RK, Bindra RS, Saltzman WM. Local DNA Repair Inhibition for Sustained Radiosensitization of High-Grade Gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1456-1469. [PMID: 28566437 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas, such as glioblastoma (GBM) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), are characterized by an aggressive phenotype with nearly universal local disease progression despite multimodal treatment, which typically includes chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and possibly surgery. Radiosensitizers that have improved the effects of radiotherapy for extracranial tumors have been ineffective for the treatment of GBM and DIPG, in part due to poor blood-brain barrier penetration and rapid intracranial clearance of small molecules. Here, we demonstrate that nanoparticles can provide sustained drug release and minimal toxicity. When administered locally, these nanoparticles conferred radiosensitization in vitro and improved survival in rats with intracranial gliomas when delivered concurrently with a 5-day course of fractionated radiotherapy. Compared with previous work using locally delivered radiosensitizers and cranial radiation, our approach, based on the rational selection of agents and a clinically relevant radiation dosing schedule, produces the strongest synergistic effects between chemo- and radiotherapy approaches to the treatment of high-grade gliomas. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(8); 1456-69. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher D Corso
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Evan M Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paul Bongiorni
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ranjini K Sundaram
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ranjit S Bindra
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. .,Department of Experimental Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun Y, Gao X. Eliminating the Animal Species Constraints in Antibody Selection for Multicolor Immunoassays. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1499-1504. [PMID: 28448117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular profiling on the single-cell level helps unveil the mystery of gene expression patterns in individual cells at subcellular resolution, enabling discovery of small but meaningful variations that are often overlooked at the population level. Similar to other immunoassays, the most common and economical protocols are developed by combining primary antibodies (1'Abs) and fluorophore-labeled secondary antibodies (2'Abs). The selection of 1' and 2' Abs, however, has been limited by the availability of animal species, consequently resulting in low multiplexing capability. Here we report the development of preassembled Ab pairs using 1'Abs all from the same animal species. We show that multiple molecular targets can be simultaneously labeled without cross reactivity. This simple and general self-assembly technology eliminates the animal species constraints in multicolor immunoassays, offering exciting new opportunities for a wide range of biomedical and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , William H. Foege Building N530M, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington , William H. Foege Building N530M, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Michalak M, Michalak K, Wicha J. The synthesis of cardenolide and bufadienolide aglycones, and related steroids bearing a heterocyclic subunit. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:361-410. [PMID: 28378871 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00107f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Covering: early studies through to March 2016Cardenolides and bufadienolides constitute an attractive class of biologically active steroid derivatives which have been used for the treatment of heart disease in traditional remedies as well as in modern medicinal therapy. Due to their application as therapeutic agents and their unique molecular structures, bearing unsaturated 5- or 6-membered lactones (or other heterocycles) attached to the steroid core, cardio-active steroids have received great attention, which has intensified during the last decade, in the synthetic organic community. Advances in the field of cross-coupling reactions have provided a powerful tool for the attachment of lactone subunits to the steroid core. This current review covers a methodological analysis of synthetic efforts to cardenolide and bufadienolide aglycones. Special emphasis is given to cross-coupling reactions applied for the attachment of lactone subunits at sterically very hindered positions of the steroid core. The carefully selected partial and total syntheses of representative cardio-active steroids will also be presented to exemplify recent achievements (improvements) in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Michalak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kumar A, Bhatkar D, Jahagirdar D, Sharma NK. Non-homologous End Joining Inhibitor SCR-7 to Exacerbate Low-dose Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity in HeLa Cells. J Cancer Prev 2017; 22:47-54. [PMID: 28382286 PMCID: PMC5380189 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2017.22.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the genotoxic drug regimens, doxorubicin (DOX) is known for its high-dose side effects in several carcinomas, including cervical cancer. This study reports on testing the combined use of a DOX genotoxic drug and SCR-7 non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) inhibitor for HeLa cells. An in vitro DNA damaging assay of DOX was performed on plasmid and genomic DNA substrate. In vitro cytotoxicity was investigated using trypan blue dye exclusion, DNA metabolizing, and propidium iodide-based flow cytometric assays. DOX (between 20–100 μM) displayed clear DNA binding and interaction, such as the shearing and smearing of plasmid and genomic DNA. DNA metabolizing assay data indicate that HeLa lysate with DOX and SCR-7 treatment exhibited better in vitro plasmid DNA stability compared with DOX treatment alone. SCR-7 augmented the effects of low-dose DOX by demonstrating enhanced cell death from 15% to 50%. The flow cytometric data also supported that the combination of SCR-7 with DOX lead to a 23% increase in propidium iodide-based HeLa staining, thus indicating enhanced death. In summary, the inhibition of NHEJ DNA repair pathway can potentiate low-dose DOX to produce appreciable cytotoxicity in HeLa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Devyani Bhatkar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Devashree Jahagirdar
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Nilesh Kumar Sharma
- Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. D.Y Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Santos JA, Santos CS, Almeida CL, Silva TD, Freitas Filho JR, Militão GC, da Silva TG, da Cruz CH, Freitas JC, Menezes PH. Structure-based design, synthesis and antitumoral evaluation of enulosides. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:192-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
38
|
Diederich M, Muller F, Cerella C. Cardiac glycosides: From molecular targets to immunogenic cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 125:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
39
|
Colis LC, Herzon SB. Synergistic potentiation of (-)-lomaiviticin A cytotoxicity by the ATR inhibitor VE-821. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3122-3126. [PMID: 27177826 PMCID: PMC4899226 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Lomaiviticin A (1) is a cytotoxic bacterial metabolite that induces double-strand breaks in DNA. Here we show that the cytotoxicity of (-)-lomaiviticin A (1) is synergistically potentiated in the presence of VE-821 (7), an inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR). While 0.5nM 1 or 10μM 7 alone are non-lethal to K562 cells, co-incubation of the two leads to high levels of cell kill (81% and 94% after 24 and 48h, respectively). Mechanistic data indicate that cells treated with 1 and 7 suffer extensive DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis. These data suggest combinations of 1 and 7 may be a valuable chemotherapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laureen C Colis
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
| |
Collapse
|