1
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Kodama K, Todoroki N. Progress in Experimental Methods Using Model Electrodes for the Development of Noble-Metal-Based Oxygen Electrocatalysts in Fuel Cells and Water Electrolyzers. SMALL METHODS 2025:e2401851. [PMID: 39888223 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202401851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 01/02/2025] [Indexed: 02/01/2025]
Abstract
Hydrogen plays a key role in maximizing the benefits of renewable energy, and the widespread adoption of water electrolyzers and fuel cells, which convert the chemical energy of hydrogen and electrical energy into each other, is strongly desired. Electrocatalysts used in these devices, typically in the form of nanoparticles, are crucial components because they significantly affect cell performance, but their raw materials rely on limited resources. In catalyst research, electrochemical experimental studies using model catalysts, such as single-crystal electrodes, have provided valuable information on reaction and degradation mechanisms, as well as catalyst development strategies aimed at overcoming the trade-off between activity and durability, across spatial scales ranging from the atomic to the nanoscale. Traditionally, these experiments are conducted using well-defined, simple model surfaces like bare single-crystal electrodes in pure systems. However, in recent years, experimental methods using more complex interfaces-while still precisely controlling elemental distribution, microstructure, and modification patterns-have been established. This paper reviews the history of those studies focusing on noble-metal-based electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions and oxygen evolution reactions, which account for the majority of efficiency losses in fuel cells and water electrolyzers, respectively. Furthermore, potential future research themes in experimental studies using model electrodes are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Kodama
- Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Nagakute, 480-1192, Japan
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2
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Xie X, Briega-Martos V, Alemany P, Mohandas Sandhya AL, Skála T, Rodríguez MG, Nováková J, Dopita M, Vorochta M, Bruix A, Cherevko S, Neyman KM, Matolínová I, Khalakhan I. Balancing Activity and Stability through Compositional Engineering of Ternary PtNi-Au Alloy ORR Catalysts. ACS Catal 2025; 15:234-245. [PMID: 39781331 PMCID: PMC11705540 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c05269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 11/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2025]
Abstract
Achieving the optimal balance between cost-efficiency and stability of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is currently among the key research focuses aiming at reaching a broader implementation of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). To address this challenge, we combine two well-established strategies to enhance both activity and stability of platinum-based ORR catalysts. Specifically, we prepare ternary PtNi-Au alloys, where each alloying element plays a distinct role: Ni reduces costs and boosts ORR activity, while Au enhances stability. A systematic comparative analysis of the activity-stability relationship for compositionally tuned PtNi-Au model layers, prepared by magnetron co-sputtering, was conducted using a diverse range of complementary characterization techniques and electrochemistry, supported by density functional theory calculations. Our study reveals that a progressive increase of the Au concentration in the Pt50Ni50 alloy from 3 to 15 at % leads to opposing catalyst activity and stability trends. Specifically, we observe a decrease in the ORR activity accompanied by an increase in catalyst stability, manifested in the suppression of both Pt and Ni dissolution. Despite the reduced activity compared to PtNi, the PtNi-Au alloy with 15 at % Au still exhibits nearly three times the activity of monometallic Pt. It also demonstrates a significantly improved dissolution stability relative to that of the PtNi alloy and even monometallic Pt. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate balance between activity and stability in multimetallic ORR catalysts, paving the way for the design of cost-effective and durable materials for PEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Xie
- Department
of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Helmholtz
Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pere Alemany
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física and
Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Athira Lekshmi Mohandas Sandhya
- Department
of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Skála
- Department
of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Miquel Gamón Rodríguez
- Department
of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Nováková
- Department
of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dopita
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Vorochta
- Department
of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Albert Bruix
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física and
Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz
Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IET-2), Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin M. Neyman
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física and
Institut de Quimica Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA
(Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iva Matolínová
- Department
of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Khalakhan
- Department
of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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3
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Liu G, Shih AJ, Deng H, Ojha K, Chen X, Luo M, McCrum IT, Koper MTM, Greeley J, Zeng Z. Site-specific reactivity of stepped Pt surfaces driven by stress release. Nature 2024; 626:1005-1010. [PMID: 38418918 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts are widely used to promote chemical reactions. Although it is known that chemical reactions usually happen on catalyst surfaces, only specific surface sites have high catalytic activity. Thus, identifying active sites and maximizing their presence lies at the heart of catalysis research1-4, in which the classic model is to categorize active sites in terms of distinct surface motifs, such as terraces and steps1,5-10. However, such a simple categorization often leads to orders of magnitude errors in catalyst activity predictions and qualitative uncertainties of active sites7,8,11,12, thus limiting opportunities for catalyst design. Here, using stepped Pt(111) surfaces and the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as examples, we demonstrate that the root cause of larger errors and uncertainties is a simplified categorization that overlooks atomic site-specific reactivity driven by surface stress release. Specifically, surface stress release at steps introduces inhomogeneous strain fields, with up to 5.5% compression, leading to distinct electronic structures and reactivity for terrace atoms with identical local coordination, and resulting in atomic site-specific enhancement of ORR activity. For the terrace atoms flanking both sides of the step edge, the enhancement is up to 50 times higher than that of the atoms in the middle of the terrace, which permits control of ORR reactivity by either varying terrace widths or controlling external stress. Thus, the discovery of the above synergy provides a new perspective for both fundamental understanding of catalytically active atomic sites and design principles of heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Energy Scale Physics and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Arthur J Shih
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqiu Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High-Energy Scale Physics and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Kasinath Ojha
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mingchuan Luo
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian T McCrum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Greeley
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Zhenhua Zeng
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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4
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Zhao F, Yuan Q. Abundant Exterior/Interior Active Sites Enable Three-Dimensional PdPtBiTe Dumbbells C-C Cleavage Electrocatalysts for Actual Alcohol Fuel Cells. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14815-14822. [PMID: 37647605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-activity electrocatalysts is of great significance for the commercialization of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs), but it still faces challenges. Herein, three-dimensional (3D) porous PdPtBiTe dumbbells (DBs) were successfully fabricated via the visible photoassisted method. The alloying effect, defect-rich surface/interface and nanoscale cavity, and open pores make the 3D PdPtBiTe DBs a comprehensive and remarkable electrocatalyst for the C1-C3 alcohol (ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and methanol) oxidation reaction (EOR, EGOR, GOR, and MOR, respectively) in an alkaline electrolyte, and the results of in situ Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed a superior C-C bond cleavage ability. The 3D PdPtBiTe DBs exhibit ultrahigh EOR, EGOR, GOR, and MOR mass activities of 25.4, 23.2, 16.8, and 18.3 A mgPd + Pt-1, respectively, considerably surpassing those of the commercial Pt/C and Pd/C. Moreover, the mass peak power densities of 3D PdPtBiTe DBs in actual ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, or methanol fuel cells increase to 409.5, 501.5, 558.0, or 601.3 mW mgPd + Pt-1 in O2, respectively. This study provides a new class of multimetallic nanomaterials as state-of-the-art multifunctional anode electrocatalysts for actual DAFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Zhao
- State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P. R. China
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5
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Yu S, Chen L, Cheng N, Lu J, Bi L, Zhang W, Chen A, Jiang H, Li C. Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance by Adsorbed Water on Edge Sites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21049-21056. [PMID: 37096887 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pt-based alloy nanoparticles have broad application prospects as cathode catalyst materials for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Optimization of the oxygen adsorption energy is crucial to boost the performance of oxygen reduction catalysis. We successfully synthesized well-dispersed Pt1.2Ni tetrahedra and obtained the Pt1.2Ni/C catalyst adopting the one-pot synthetic protocol, which exhibits superb activity and good long-term stability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), achieving a mass activity of 1.53 A/mgPt at 0.90 VRHE, which is 12 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. On combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations, abundant water is adsorbed stably on the Pt1.2Ni alloy surface. We find that the intense interaction between the adsorbed O atom and adsorbed water can weaken the adsorption of oxygen, contributing to the ORR performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Na Cheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiyuan Lu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liyuan Bi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Aiping Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Chunzhong Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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6
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Advanced Strategies for Stabilizing Single-Atom Catalysts for Energy Storage and Conversion. ELECTROCHEM ENERGY R 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41918-022-00169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWell-defined atomically dispersed metal catalysts (or single-atom catalysts) have been widely studied to fundamentally understand their catalytic mechanisms, improve the catalytic efficiency, increase the abundance of active components, enhance the catalyst utilization, and develop cost-effective catalysts to effectively reduce the usage of noble metals. Such single-atom catalysts have relatively higher selectivity and catalytic activity with maximum atom utilization due to their unique characteristics of high metal dispersion and a low-coordination environment. However, freestanding single atoms are thermodynamically unstable, such that during synthesis and catalytic reactions, they inevitably tend to agglomerate to reduce the system energy associated with their large surface areas. Therefore, developing innovative strategies to stabilize single-atom catalysts, including mass-separated soft landing, one-pot pyrolysis, co-precipitation, impregnation, atomic layer deposition, and organometallic complexation, is critically needed. Many types of supporting materials, including polymers, have been commonly used to stabilize single atoms in these fabrication techniques. Herein, we review the stabilization strategies of single-atom catalyst, including different synthesis methods, specific metals and carriers, specific catalytic reactions, and their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, this review focuses on the application of polymers in the synthesis and stabilization of single-atom catalysts, including their functions as carriers for metal single atoms, synthetic templates, encapsulation agents, and protection agents during the fabrication process. The technical challenges that are currently faced by single-atom catalysts are summarized, and perspectives related to future research directions including catalytic mechanisms, enhancement of the catalyst loading content, and large-scale implementation are proposed to realize their practical applications.
Graphical Abstract
Single-atom catalysts are characterized by high metal dispersibility, weak coordination environments, high catalytic activity and selectivity, and the highest atom utilization. However, due to the free energy of the large surface area, individual atoms are usually unstable and are prone to agglomeration during synthesis and catalytic reactions. Therefore, researchers have developed innovative strategies, such as soft sedimentation, one-pot pyrolysis, coprecipitation, impregnation, step reduction, atomic layer precipitation, and organometallic complexation, to stabilize single-atom catalysts in practical applications. This article summarizes the stabilization strategies for single-atom catalysts from the aspects of their synthesis methods, metal and support types, catalytic reaction types, and its advantages and disadvantages. The focus is on the application of polymers in the preparation and stabilization of single-atom catalysts, including metal single-atom carriers, synthetic templates, encapsulation agents, and the role of polymers as protection agents in the manufacturing process. The main feature of polymers and polymer-derived materials is that they usually contain abundant heteroatoms, such as N, that possess lone-pair electrons. These lone-pair electrons can anchor the single metal atom through strong coordination interactions. The coordination environment of the lone-pair electrons can facilitate the formation of single-atom catalysts because they can enlarge the average distance of a single precursor adsorbed on the polymer matrix. Polymers with nitrogen groups are favorable candidates for dispersing active single atoms by weakening the tendency of metal aggregation and redistributing the charge densities around single atoms to enhance the catalytic performance. This review provides a summary and analysis of the current technical challenges faced by single-atom catalysts and future research directions, such as the catalytic mechanism of single-atom catalysts, sufficiently high loading, and large-scale implementation.
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7
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Li Q, Zhang G, Yuan B, Zhong S, Ji Y, Liu Y, Wu X, Kong Q, Han J, He W. Core‐shell nanocatalysts with reduced platinum content toward more cost‐effective proton exchange membrane fuel cells. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Botao Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Shijie Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Yuanpeng Ji
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- Chongqing Research Institute Harbin Institute of Technology Chongqing China
| | - Yuanpeng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Qingquan Kong
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
| | - Weidong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments and Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin China
- Chongqing Research Institute Harbin Institute of Technology Chongqing China
- School of Mechanical Engineering Chengdu University Chengdu China
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8
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Gatalo M, Bonastre AM, Moriau L, Burdett H, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Hughes E, Hodgkinson A, Šala M, Pavko L, Bele M, Hodnik N, Sharman J, Gaberšček M. Importance of Chemical Activation and the Effect of Low Operation Voltage on the Performance of Pt-Alloy Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:8862-8877. [PMID: 35909804 PMCID: PMC9326812 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pt-alloy (Pt-M) nanoparticles (NPs) with less-expensive 3d transition metals (M = Ni, Cu, Co) supported on high-surface-area carbon supports are currently the state-of-the-art (SoA) solution to reach the production phase in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, while Pt-M electrocatalysts show promise in terms of increased activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and, thus, cost reductions from the significantly lower use of expensive and rare Pt, key challenges in terms of synthesis, activation, and stability remain to unlock their true potential. This work systematically tackles them with a combination of electrocatalyst synthesis and characterization methodologies including thin-film rotating disc electrodes (TF-RDEs), an electrochemical flow cell linked to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (EFC-ICP-MS), and testing in 50 cm2 membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). In the first part of the present work, we highlight the crucial importance of the chemical activation (dealloying) step on the performance of Pt-M electrocatalysts in the MEA at high current densities (HCDs). In addition, we provide the scientific community with a preliminary and facile method of distinguishing between a "poorly" and "adequately" dealloyed (activated) Pt-alloy electrocatalyst using a much simpler and affordable TF-RDE methodology using the well-known CO-stripping process. Since the transition-metal cations can also be introduced in a PEMFC due to the degradation of the Pt-M NPs, the second part of the work focuses on presenting clear evidence on the direct impact of the lower voltage limit (LVL) on the stability of Pt-M electrocatalysts. The data suggests that in addition to intrinsic improvements in stability, significant improvements in the PEMFC lifetime can also be obtained via the correct MEA design and applied limits of operation, namely, restricting not just the upper but equally important also the lower operation voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Gatalo
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- ReCatalyst
d.o.o., Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Léonard
Jean Moriau
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Harriet Burdett
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blount’s Court, Sonning
Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Edwin Hughes
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blount’s Court, Sonning
Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Adam Hodgkinson
- Johnson
Matthey Fuel Cells, Lydiard
Fields, Great Western Way, Swindon SN5 8AT, U.K.
| | - Martin Šala
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Pavko
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Bele
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Nova Gorica, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Jonathan Sharman
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blount’s Court, Sonning
Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Miran Gaberšček
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Kodama K, Motobayashi K. Adsorption of ionomer and ionic liquid on model Pt catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenta Motobayashi
- Department of Physical Science and Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya Japan
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10
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Chen D, Lai Z, Zhang J, Chen J, Hu P, Wang H. Gold Segregation Improves Electrocatalytic Activity of Icosahedron Au@Pt Nanocluster: Insights from Machine Learning
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dingming Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Lai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jianfu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Peijun Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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11
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Du J, Quinson J, Zana A, Arenz M. Elucidating Pt-Based Nanocomposite Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Rotating Disk Electrode and Gas Diffusion Electrode Measurements. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Du
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Zana
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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12
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Moriau LJ, Hrnjić A, Pavlišič A, Kamšek AR, Petek U, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Šala M, Pavko L, Šelih VS, Bele M, Jovanovič P, Gatalo M, Hodnik N. Resolving the nanoparticles' structure-property relationships at the atomic level: a study of Pt-based electrocatalysts. iScience 2021; 24:102102. [PMID: 33659872 PMCID: PMC7890412 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving highly active and stable oxygen reduction reaction performance at low platinum-group-metal loadings remains one of the grand challenges in the proton-exchange membrane fuel cells community. Currently, state-of-the-art electrocatalysts are high-surface-area-carbon-supported nanoalloys of platinum with different transition metals (Cu, Ni, Fe, and Co). Despite years of focused research, the established structure-property relationships are not able to explain and predict the electrochemical performance and behavior of the real nanoparticulate systems. In the first part of this work, we reveal the complexity of commercially available platinum-based electrocatalysts and their electrochemical behavior. In the second part, we introduce a bottom-up approach where atomically resolved properties, structural changes, and strain analysis are recorded as well as analyzed on an individual nanoparticle before and after electrochemical conditions (e.g. high current density). Our methodology offers a new level of understanding of structure-stability relationships of practically viable nanoparticulate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Jean Moriau
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Armin Hrnjić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Pavlišič
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Rebeka Kamšek
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urša Petek
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Šala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Pavko
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Simon Šelih
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Bele
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Jovanovič
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Gatalo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Kodama K, Nagai T, Kuwaki A, Jinnouchi R, Morimoto Y. Challenges in applying highly active Pt-based nanostructured catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions to fuel cell vehicles. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:140-147. [PMID: 33479539 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The past 30 years have seen progress in the development of Pt-based nanocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, and some are now in production on a commercial basis and used for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) for automotives and other applications. Further improvements in catalytic activity are required for wider uptake of PEFCs, however. In laboratories, researchers have developed various catalysts that have much higher activities than commercial ones, and these state-of-the-art catalysts have potential to improve energy conversion efficiencies and reduce the usage of platinum in PEFCs. There are several technical issues that must be solved before they can be applied in fuel cell vehicles, which require a high power density and practical durability, as well as high efficiency. In this Review, the development history of Pt-based nanocatalysts and recent analytical studies are summarized to identify the origin of these technical issues. Promising strategies for overcoming those issues are also discussed.
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14
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Platinum Catalysts on Niobium Diboride Microparticles for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Sebastián-Pascual P, Jordão Pereira I, Escudero-Escribano M. Tailored electrocatalysts by controlled electrochemical deposition and surface nanostructuring. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13261-13272. [PMID: 33104137 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06099b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlled electrodeposition and surface nanostructuring are very promising approaches to tailor the structure of the electrocatalyst surface, with the aim to enhance their efficiency for sustainable energy conversion reactions. In this highlight, we first summarise different strategies to modify the structure of the electrode surface at the atomic and sub-monolayer level for applications in electrocatalysis. We discuss aspects such as structure sensitivity and electronic and geometric effects in electrocatalysis. Nanostructured surfaces are finally introduced as more scalable electrocatalysts, where morphology, cluster size, shape and distribution play an essential role and can be finely tuned. Controlled electrochemical deposition and selective engineering of the surface structure are key to design more active, selective and stable electrocatalysts towards a decarbonised energy scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sebastián-Pascual
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Inês Jordão Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Lopes PP, Li D, Lv H, Wang C, Tripkovic D, Zhu Y, Schimmenti R, Daimon H, Kang Y, Snyder J, Becknell N, More KL, Strmcnik D, Markovic NM, Mavrikakis M, Stamenkovic VR. Eliminating dissolution of platinum-based electrocatalysts at the atomic scale. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1207-1214. [PMID: 32690912 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A remaining challenge for the deployment of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells is the limited durability of platinum (Pt) nanoscale materials that operate at high voltages during the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction. In this work, atomic-scale insight into well-defined single-crystalline, thin-film and nanoscale surfaces exposed Pt dissolution trends that governed the design and synthesis of durable materials. A newly defined metric, intrinsic dissolution, is essential to understanding the correlation between the measured Pt loss, surface structure, size and ratio of Pt nanoparticles in a carbon (C) support. It was found that the utilization of a gold (Au) underlayer promotes ordering of Pt surface atoms towards a (111) structure, whereas Au on the surface selectively protects low-coordinated Pt sites. This mitigation strategy was applied towards 3 nm Pt3Au/C nanoparticles and resulted in the elimination of Pt dissolution in the liquid electrolyte, which included a 30-fold durability improvement versus 3 nm Pt/C over an extended potential range up to 1.2 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro P Lopes
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Dongguo Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dusan Tripkovic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Faculty for Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yisi Zhu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Schimmenti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hideo Daimon
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yijin Kang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Snyder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nigel Becknell
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Karren L More
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dusan Strmcnik
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Nenad M Markovic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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17
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Tao L, Huang B, Jin F, Yang Y, Luo M, Sun M, Liu Q, Gao F, Guo S. Atomic PdAu Interlayer Sandwiched into Pd/Pt Core/Shell Nanowires Achieves Superstable Oxygen Reduction Catalysis. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11570-11578. [PMID: 32816456 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designing the core/shell architecture of Pt-based electrocatalysts has been demonstrated as an effective way to induce a surface strain effect for promoting the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode of fuel cells. However, unstable core dissolution and structural collapse usually occur in Pt-based core/shell catalysts during the long-term cycling operation, greatly impacting actual fuel cell applications. Impeding the dissolution of cores beneath the Pt shells is the key to enhancing the catalytic stability of materials. Herein, a method for sandwiching atomic PdAu interlayers into one-dimensional (1D) Pd/Pt core/shell nanowires (NWs) is developed to greatly boost the catalytic stability of subnanometer Pt shells for ORR. The Pd/PdAu/Pt core/shell/shell NWs display only 7.80% degradation of ORR mass activity over 80 000 potential cycles with no dissolution of Pd cores and good preservation of the holistic sandwich core/shell nanostructures. This is a significant improvement of electrocatalytic stability compared with the Pd/Pt core/shell NWs, which deformed and inactivated over 80 000 potential cycles. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations further demonstrate that the electron-transfer bridge Pd and electron reservoir Au, serving in the PdAu atomic interlayer, both guarantee the preservation of the high electroactivity of surface Pt sites during the long-term ORR stability test. In addition, the Pd/PdAu/Pt NWs show a 1.7-fold higher mass activity (MA) for ORR than the conventional Pd/Pt NWs. The enhanced activity can be attributed to the strong interaction between PdAu interlayers and subnanometer-Pt shells, which suppresses the competitive Pd-4d bands and boosts the surface Pt-5d bands toward the Fermi level for higher electroactivity, proved from DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, & BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kow-loon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Fengdan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, & BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mingchuan Luo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, & BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kow-loon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Faming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, & BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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18
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Sandbeck DJS, Inaba M, Quinson J, Bucher J, Zana A, Arenz M, Cherevko S. Particle Size Effect on Platinum Dissolution: Practical Considerations for Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:25718-25727. [PMID: 32395990 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The high costs of polymer membrane electrolyte fuel cells (PEMFCs) remain a roadblock for a competitive market with combustion engine vehicles. The PEMFC costs can be reduced by decreasing the size of Pt nanoparticles in the catalyst layer, thereby increasing the Pt dispersion and utilization. Furthermore, high-power performance loss due to O2 transport resistance is alleviated by decreasing the particle size and increasing dispersion. However, firm conclusions on how Pt particle size impacts durability remain elusive due to synthetic difficulties in exclusively varying single parameters (e.g., particle size and loading). Therefore, here the particle size of Pt nanoparticles was varied from 2.0 to 2.8 and 3.7 nm while keeping the loading constant (30 wt %) on a Vulcan support using the two-step surfactant-free toolbox method. By studying the electrochemical dissolution in situ using online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (online ICP-MS), mass-specific dissolution trends are revealed and are attributed to particle-size-dependent changes in electrochemically active surface area. Such degradation trends are critical for the start/stop of PEMFCs and currently require the implementation of potential control systems in consumer vehicles. Additionally, shifts in the onset of anodic dissolution and also oxidation to more negative potentials with decreasing particle size were observed. These results indicate a similar mechanism of anodic dissolution related to place-exchange when moving from extended polycrystalline Pt to nanoparticle scales. The negative shifts in the onset as the particle size decreases highlight a practical limitation for PEMFCs during load/idle conditions: without further material improvements, which inhibit Pt dissolution, reduction in costs and improvement in high-power performance via increased Pt utilization and dispersion will not be possible by decreasing particle sizes further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J S Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Masanori Inaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jan Bucher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Zana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Arenz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Yin S, Ding Y. Bimetallic PtAu electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: challenges and opportunities. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4189-4199. [PMID: 32191785 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00205d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly active, durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts have an essential role in promoting the continuous operation of advanced energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Considering the scarce reserve of Pt and its unsatisfactory overall performance, there is an urgent demand for the development of new generation ORR electrocatalysts that are substantially better than the state-of-the-art supported Pt-based nanocatalysts, such as Pt/C. Among various nanostructures, bimetallic PtAu represents one unique alloy system where highly contradictory performance has been reported. While it is generally accepted that Au may contribute to stabilizing Pt, its role in modulating the intrinsic activity of Pt remains unclear. This perspective will discuss critical structural issues that affect the intrinsic ORR activities of bimetallic PtAu, with an eye on elucidating the origin of seemingly inconsistent experimental results from the literature. As a relatively new class of electrodes, we will also highlight the performance of dealloyed nanoporous gold (NPG) based electrocatalysts, which allow a unique combination of structural properties highly desired for this important reaction. Finally, we will put forward the challenges and opportunities for the incorporation of these advanced electrocatalysts into membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) for actual fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials and Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
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20
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Ji S, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang D, Li Y. Chemical Synthesis of Single Atomic Site Catalysts. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11900-11955. [PMID: 32242408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating metal atoms in a controllable way for the synthesis of materials with the desired structure and properties is the holy grail of chemical synthesis. The recent emergence of single atomic site catalysts (SASC) demonstrates that we are moving toward this goal. Owing to the maximum efficiency of atom-utilization and unique structures and properties, SASC have attracted extensive research attention and interest. The prerequisite for the scientific research and practical applications of SASC is to fabricate highly reactive and stable metal single atoms on appropriate supports. In this review, various synthetic strategies for the synthesis of SASC are summarized with concrete examples highlighting the key issues of the synthesis methods to stabilize single metal atoms on supports and to suppress their migration and agglomeration. Next, we discuss how synthesis conditions affect the structure and catalytic properties of SASC before ending this review by highlighting the prospects and challenges for the synthesis as well as further scientific researches and practical applications of SASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanjun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zedong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dingsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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21
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Farias MJS, Cheuquepán W, Tanaka AA, Feliu JM. Identity of the Most and Least Active Sites for Activation of the Pathways for CO2 Formation from the Electro-oxidation of Methanol and Ethanol on Platinum. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel J. S. Farias
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, CEP, 65080-805 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - William Cheuquepán
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Auro A. Tanaka
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966, CEP, 65080-805 São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Juan M. Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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22
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Li Q, Zhang T, Yu X, Wu X, Zhang X, Lu Z, Yang X, Huang Y, Li L. Isolated Au Atom Anchored on Porous Boron Nitride as a Promising Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR): A DFT Study. Front Chem 2019; 7:674. [PMID: 31681728 PMCID: PMC6811612 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient, stable, and low-cost catalytic material for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is currently highly desirable but challenging. In this work, based on first-principles calculation, the stabilities, catalytic activities and catalytic mechanisms of isolated Au atom supported on defective porous BN (p-BN) have been studied in detail. The results reveal that the defective p-BN anchor Au atom strongly to ensure the stability of Au/p-BN. Based on frontier molecular orbital and charge-density analysis, isolated Au atom supported on porous BN with VN defect (Au/p-BN-VN) is an effective ORR catalyst. Especially, the low barriers of the formation (0.38 eV) and dissociation (0.31 eV) of *OOH and the instability of H2O2 on Au/p-BN-VN catalyst suggest that ORR proceeds via 4-electron pathway. Along the favorable pathway, the reduction of O2 to *OOH is the rate-limiting step with the largest activation barrier of 0.38 eV and the maximum free energy change is 1.88 eV. Our results provide a useful guidance for the design and fabrication of new Au-base catalyst with high-efficiency and are beneficial for the developing of novel isolated metal atom catalysts for ORR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Li
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianran Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zunming Lu
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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23
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Li HH, Yu SH. Recent Advances on Controlled Synthesis and Engineering of Hollow Alloyed Nanotubes for Electrocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803503. [PMID: 30645003 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed great progress in the synthesis and electrocatalytic applications of 1D hollow alloy nanotubes with controllable compositions and fine structures. Hollow nanotubes have been explored as promising electrocatalysts in the fuel cell reactions due to their well-controlled surface structure, size, porosity, and compositions. In addition, owing to the self-supporting ability of 1D structure, hollow nanotubes are capable of avoiding catalyst aggregation and carbon corrosion during the catalytic process, which are two other issues for the widely investigated carbon-supported nanoparticle catalysts. It is currently a great challenge to achieve high activity and stability at a relatively low cost to realize commercialization of these catalysts. An overview of the structural and compositional properties of 1D hollow alloy nanotubes, which provide a large number of accessible active sites, void spaces for electrolytes/reactants impregnation, and structural stability for suppressing aggregation, is presented. The latest advances on several strategies such as hard template and self-templating methods for controllable synthesis of hollow alloyed nanotubes with controllable structures and compositions are then summarized. Benefiting from the advantages of the unique properties and facile synthesis approaches, the capability of 1D hollow nanotubes is then highlighted by discussing examples of their applications in fuel-cell-related electrocatalysis. Finally, the remaining challenges and potential solutions in the field are summarized to provide some useful clues for the future development of 1D hollow alloy nanotube materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Li
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Hefei Science Center of CAS, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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24
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Yang X, Hu J, Wu R, Koel BE. Balancing Activity and Stability in a Ternary Au‐Pd/Fe Electrocatalyst for ORR with High Surface Coverages of Au. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow University Jianshu 215006 P.R. China
| | - Ruqian Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California, Irvine Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Bruce E. Koel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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25
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Wang Y, Zhuo H, Sun H, Zhang X, Dai X, Luan C, Qin C, Zhao H, Li J, Wang M, Ye JY, Sun SG. Implanting Mo Atoms into Surface Lattice of Pt3Mn Alloys Enclosed by High-Indexed Facets: Promoting Highly Active Sites for Ethylene Glycol Oxidation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hongying Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Xiaoping Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chenglong Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Congli Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Huihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jin-Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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26
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Kim AR, Vinothkannan M, Park CJ, Yoo DJ. Alleviating the Mechanical and Thermal Degradations of Highly Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Blocks via Copolymerization with Hydrophobic Unit for Intermediate Humidity Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1346. [PMID: 30961271 PMCID: PMC6401815 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is inter-connected using a hydrophobic oligomer via poly-condensation reaction to produce SPEEK analogues as PEMs. Prior sulfonation is performed for SPEEK to avoid random sulfonation of multi-block copolymers that may destroy the mechanical toughness of polymer backbone. A greater local density of ionic moieties exist in SPEEK and good thermomechanical properties of hydrophobic unit offer an unique approach to promote the proton conductivity as well as thermomechanical stability of membrane, as verify from AC impedance and TGA. The morphological behavior and phase variation of membranes are explored using FE-SEM and AFM; the triblock (XYX) membranes exhibits a nano-phase separated morphology. Performance of PEFC integrated with blend and block copolymer membranes is determined at 60 °C under 60% RH. As a result, the triblock (XYX) membrane has a high power density than blend (2X1Y) membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry and R&D Center for CANUTECH, Business Incubation Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohanraj Vinothkannan
- Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Jin Park
- Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Graduate School, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Garlyyev B, Xue S, Pohl MD, Reinisch D, Bandarenka AS. Oxygen Electroreduction at High-Index Pt Electrodes in Alkaline Electrolytes: A Decisive Role of the Alkali Metal Cations. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15325-15331. [PMID: 31458194 PMCID: PMC6643383 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, platinum group metals play a central role in the electrocatalysis of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Successful design and synthesis of new highly active materials for this process mainly rely on understanding of the so-called electrified electrode/electrolyte interface. It is widely accepted that the catalytic properties of this interface are only dependent on the electrode surface composition and structure. Therefore, there are limited studies about the effects of the electrolyte components on electrocatalytic activity. By now, however, several key points related to the electrolyte composition have become important for many electrocatalytic reactions, including the ORR. It is essential to understand how certain "spectator ions" (e.g., alkali metal cations) influence the electrocatalytic activity and what is the contribution of the electrode surface structure when, for instance, changing the pH of the electrolyte. In this work, the ORR activity of model stepped Pt [n(111) × (111)] surfaces (where n is equal to either 3 or 4 and denotes the atomic width of the (111) terraces of the Pt electrodes) was explored in various alkali metal (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+) hydroxide solutions. The activity of these electrodes was unexpectedly strongly dependent not only on the surface structure but also on the type of the alkali metal cation in the solutions with the same pH, being the highest in potassium hydroxide solutions (i.e., K+ ≫ Na+ > Cs+ > Rb+ ≈ Li+). A possible reason for the observed ORR activity of Pt [n(111) × (111)] electrodes is discussed as an interplay between structural effects and noncovalent interactions between alkali metal cations and reaction intermediates adsorbed at active catalytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batyr Garlyyev
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Song Xue
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marcus D. Pohl
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David Reinisch
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
- Physik-Department
ECS, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative Munich (NIM), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Catalysis
Research Center TUM, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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28
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Zhang Q, He J, Guo R, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Zhang W, Pang SS, Ding Y. Assembling Highly Coordinated Pt Sites on Nanoporous Gold for Efficient Oxygen Electroreduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39705-39712. [PMID: 30362703 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pt with high coordination number (HCN) located in the defect surface sites is favorable for high oxygen reduction reaction activity. However, it is still a challenge to design and fabricate such a structure with a high density of Pt HCN sites at minimum Pt usage. Here, using nanoporous Au (NPG) that intrinsically possesses a higher proportion of HCN Au atoms over traditional nanoparticles, we epitaxially deposit Pt monolayer onto NPG to inherit the high-density HCN Pt sites. Among the NPG-Pt catalysts, the one with a smaller ligament size possesses a higher proportion of HCN Pt atoms, thus exhibiting a 5.2-fold specific activity and 18.7-fold mass activity enhancement than the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Moreover, depositing Au atoms on the NPG-Pt surface can further increase the HCN Pt surface exposure, which leads to a 6.9-fold specific activity and 19.1-fold mass activity increase as compared to Pt/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Jia He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau 999078 , P. R. China
| | - Su-Seng Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health , Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa , Macau 999078 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies , Tianjin University of Technology , Tianjin 300384 , P. R. China
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29
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Cheng K, Zhu K, Liu S, Li M, Huang J, Yu L, Xia Z, Zhu C, Liu X, Li W, Lu W, Wei F, Zhou Y, Zheng W, Mu S. A Spatially Confined gC 3N 4-Pt Electrocatalyst with Robust Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21306-21312. [PMID: 29856588 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal catalysts (e.g., Pt) have a variety of applications in energy conversion devices including polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs); however, they commonly confront a crucial issue of poor stability. Herein, a structural model of spatially confining supported Pt nanoparticles is determined to improve the stability of metal catalysts, wherein graphitic carbon nitride (gC3N4) supported Pt nanoparticles (gC3N4-Pt) are spatially confined by carbon nanospheres (CNSs). The resulting CNSs-Pt/gC3N4 catalyst demonstrates a surprising retention rate of electrochemical surface area as high as 85.0%, much higher than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst (45.2%), and the half-wave potential is reduced by only 11 mV compared with 54 mV for Pt/C after 6000 scanning cycles. In addition, CNSs also serve as a conductive agent to increase electron transfer pathways on Pt surfaces, and the unique spatial confinement structure with an open framework ensures the mass transfer. Moreover, the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) activity of CNSs-Pt/gC3N4 gets elevated by 2.1 times that of Pt/C in terms of the anodic peak current. The stabilized catalyst model and its derivative structures can be applied to various metal catalyst systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430056 , P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430056 , P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | - Wanquan Zheng
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay , Université Paris-Sud , 91405 Orsay Cedex , France
| | - Shichun Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , Hubei 430056 , P. R. China
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30
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Kobayashi Y, Arai N. Janus or homogeneous nanoparticle mediated self-assembly of polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18568-18575. [PMID: 35541113 PMCID: PMC9080524 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03187h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes depends on the self-assembled structure of the graft polymer. To control self-assembly, nanoparticles (NPs) are often used as catalysts. Hence, we investigate the effect of hydrophilic (HI), hydrophobic (HO), and Janus nanoparticles (JNPs) for the self-assembly of graft polymers using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. We found that the differences that appeared among the self-assembled structures of water depended on the concentration of PEFC. We also calculated the diffusion constant of water (D(H2O)) from the slopes of the time-averaged mean square displacement (MSD) curves. HI NPs had the largest effect in suppressing the diffusion of water because the HI NPs incorporated into the water particles. It was also seen that D(H2O) with various NPs gradually decreased as the number of NPs increased for three PEFC concentrations (70%, 80%, and 90%). Thus, a close correlation between the position and chemical composition of NPs in polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) membrane systems has been found. Moreover, the mean square radius of gyration 〈R g〉 and the mean square end-to-end distance 〈R〉 was calculated to analyse the self-assembled structures of PEFC. The 〈R g〉 and 〈R〉 increased as the concentration of PEFC was increased, with and without various NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusei Kobayashi
- Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashiosaka Osaka Japan +81 6 4307 3483 +81 6 6727 2024
| | - Noriyoshi Arai
- Kindai University 3-4-1 Kowakae Higashiosaka Osaka Japan +81 6 4307 3483 +81 6 6727 2024
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31
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Jensen KD, Tymoczko J, Rossmeisl J, Bandarenka AS, Chorkendorff I, Escudero-Escribano M, Stephens IEL. Elucidation of the Oxygen Reduction Volcano in Alkaline Media using a Copper-Platinum(111) Alloy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2800-2805. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim D. Jensen
- Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemistry-Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen (KU); Universitetsparken 5 2100, Kbh. Ø Denmark
| | - Jakub Tymoczko
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry-Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen (KU); Universitetsparken 5 2100, Kbh. Ø Denmark
| | - Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
- Energy Conversion and Storage (ECS), Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemistry-Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen (KU); Universitetsparken 5 2100, Kbh. Ø Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines; Prince Consort Rd London SW7 2AZ UK
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32
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Jensen KD, Tymoczko J, Rossmeisl J, Bandarenka AS, Chorkendorff I, Escudero-Escribano M, Stephens IEL. Elucidation of the Oxygen Reduction Volcano in Alkaline Media using a Copper-Platinum(111) Alloy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim D. Jensen
- Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemistry-Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen (KU); Universitetsparken 5 2100, Kbh. Ø Denmark
| | - Jakub Tymoczko
- Analytical Chemistry-Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry-Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen (KU); Universitetsparken 5 2100, Kbh. Ø Denmark
| | - Aliaksandr S. Bandarenka
- Energy Conversion and Storage (ECS), Physik-Department; Technische Universität München; James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemistry-Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen (KU); Universitetsparken 5 2100, Kbh. Ø Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of Physics; Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines; Prince Consort Rd London SW7 2AZ UK
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33
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Electrochemical Observation of High Oxophilicity and its Effect on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity of Au Clusters Mass-Selectively Deposited on Glassy Carbon. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-018-0464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed OH on n(111)–(100) and n(111)–(111) series of Pt electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Cai Y, Gao P, Wang F, Zhu H. Surface tuning of carbon supported chemically ordered nanoparticles for promoting their catalysis toward the oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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36
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Xi Z, Lv H, Erdosy DP, Su D, Li Q, Yu C, Li J, Sun S. Atomic scale deposition of Pt around Au nanoparticles to achieve much enhanced electrocatalysis of Pt. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7745-7749. [PMID: 28574074 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02711g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report an electrochemical method to deposit atomic scale Pt on a 5 nm Au nanoparticle (NP) surface in N2-saturated 0.5 M H2SO4. Pt is provided by the Pt wire counter electrode via one-step Pt wire oxidation, dissolution, and deposition realized by controlled electrochemical scanning. Scanning from 0.6-1.0 V (vs. RHE) for 10 000 cycles gives Au98.2Pt1.8, which serves as an excellent catalyst for the formic acid oxidation reaction, showing 41 times higher specific activity (20.19 mA cm-2) and 25 times higher mass activity (10.80 A mgPt-1) with much better CO-tolerance and stability than commercial Pt. Our work demonstrates a unique strategy to minimize the use of Pt as a catalyst for electrochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xi
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
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37
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38
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Huang JF, Hsiao HY. Electrochemically Identifying Degradation Pathways of Carbon-Supported Pt Catalysts Assists in Designing Highly Durable Catalysts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33749-33754. [PMID: 27960380 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Supported Pt catalysts are considered highly efficient in many applications because of their unique catalytic properties. Their poor durability hampers their use in practical applications, particularly in novel energy-conversion devices such as fuel cells. A facile electrochemical procedure that combines the evaluation of the electrochemical surface area with a breakthrough in direct electrochemical quantification of the Pt content was utilized. Catalytic performance-related factors and kinetics of Pt nanoparticle (Ptnano) growth on a carbon substrate were probed under high-temperature annealing and ambient-temperature potential polarization, respectively. Apart from the Pt dissolution/redeposition pathway, we demonstrated that the crystal migration/coalescence pathway in catalyst degradation could not be ignored at ambient temperature. We report the enhanced durability and long-term activity of carbon-supported Pt catalysts, where the Ptnano surface was partially encapsulated by nonspecific noble metal clusters; inhibition of the migration/coalescence pathway and effective exposure of Ptnano surface active sites led to such enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University , 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Ying Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University , 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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39
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Hu J, Wu L, Kuttiyiel KA, Goodman KR, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Vukmirovic MB, White MG, Sasaki K, Adzic RR. Increasing Stability and Activity of Core–Shell Catalysts by Preferential Segregation of Oxide on Edges and Vertexes: Oxygen Reduction on Ti–Au@Pt/C. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9294-300. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Hu
- Institute
of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | | | | | - Kenneth R. Goodman
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Chengxu Zhang
- Institute
of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | | | | | - Michael G. White
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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