1
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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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2
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Liu W, Li W, Xu W, Wang M, Kong W. Nickel-catalyzed switchable arylative/endo-cyclization of 1,6-enynes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2914. [PMID: 38575585 PMCID: PMC10995176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbo- and heterocycles are frequently used as crucial scaffolds in natural products, fine chemicals, and biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds. Transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization of 1,6-enynes has emerged as a powerful strategy for constructing functionalized carbo- and heterocycles. Despite significant progress, the regioselectivity of alkyne functionalization is entirely substrate-dependent. And only exo-cyclization/cross-coupling products can be obtained, while endo-selective cyclization/cross-coupling remains elusive and still poses a formidable challenge. In this study, we disclose a nickel-catalyzed switchable arylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes in which the nature of the ligand dictates the regioselectivity of alkyne arylation, while the electrophilic trapping reagents determine the selectivity of the cyclization mode. Specifically, using a commercially available 1,10-phenanthroline as a ligand facilitates trans-arylation/cyclization to obtain seven-membered ring products, while a 2-naphthyl-substituted bisbox ligand promotes cis-arylation/cyclization to access six-membered ring products. Diastereoselective cyclizations have also been developed for the synthesis of enantioenriched piperidines and azepanes, which are core structural elements of pharmaceuticals and natural products possessing important biological activities. Furthermore, experimental and density functional theory studies reveal that the regioselectivity of the alkyne arylation process is entirely controlled by the steric hindrance of the ligand; the reaction mechanism involves exo-cyclization followed by Dowd-Beckwith-type ring expansion to form endo-cyclization products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Weipeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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3
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Wu X, Xia H, Gao C, Luan B, Wu L, Zhang C, Yang D, Hou L, Liu N, Xia T, Li H, Qu J, Chen Y. Modular α-tertiary amino ester synthesis through cobalt-catalysed asymmetric aza-Barbier reaction. Nat Chem 2024; 16:398-407. [PMID: 38082178 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Unnatural chiral α-tertiary amino acids containing two different carbon-based substituents at the α-carbon centre are widespread in biologically active molecules. This sterically rigid scaffold is becoming a growing research interest in drug discovery. However, a robust protocol for chiral α-tertiary amino acid synthesis remains scarce due to the challenge of stereoselectively constructing sterically encumbered tetrasubstituted stereogenic carbon centres. Herein we report a cobalt-catalysed enantioselective aza-Barbier reaction of ketimines with various unactivated alkyl halides, including alkyl iodides, alkyl bromides and alkyl chlorides, enabling the formation of chiral α-tertiary amino esters with a high level of enantioselectivity and excellent functional group tolerance. Primary, secondary and tertiary organoelectrophiles are all tolerated in this asymmetric reductive addition protocol, which provides a complementary method for the well-exploited enantioselective nucleophilic addition with moisture- and air-sensitive organometallic reagents. Moreover, the three-component transformation of α-ketoester, amine and alkyl halide represents a formal asymmetric deoxygenative alkylamination of the carbonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyu Xia
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Baixue Luan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Licheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Liting Hou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Davies J, Lyonnet JR, Carvalho B, Sahoo B, Day CS, Juliá-Hernández F, Duan Y, Álvaro Velasco-Rubio, Obst M, Norrby PO, Hopmann KH, Martin R. Kinetically-Controlled Ni-Catalyzed Direct Carboxylation of Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Bromides without Chain Walking. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1753-1759. [PMID: 38193812 PMCID: PMC10824404 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the direct carboxylation of unactivated secondary alkyl bromides enabled by the merger of photoredox and nickel catalysis, a previously inaccessible endeavor in the carboxylation arena. Site-selectivity is dictated by a kinetically controlled insertion of CO2 at the initial C(sp3)-Br site by the rapid formation of Ni(I)-alkyl species, thus avoiding undesired β-hydride elimination and chain-walking processes. Preliminary mechanistic experiments reveal the subtleties of stereoelectronic effects for guiding the reactivity and site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Davies
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julien R. Lyonnet
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química
Orgànica, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Bjørn Carvalho
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S. Day
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química
Orgànica, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Juliá-Hernández
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yaya Duan
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Velasco-Rubio
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marc Obst
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per-Ola Norrby
- Data
Science & Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kathrin H. Hopmann
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9307 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Al Zubaydi S, Onuigbo IO, Truesdell BL, Sevov CS. Cobalt-Catalyzed Electroreductive Alkylation of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides with Conjugated Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313830. [PMID: 37963333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of unactivated alkyl chlorides under mild and sustainable conditions are rare compared to those of alkyl bromides or iodides. As a result, synthetic methods capable of modifying the vast chemical space of chloroalkane reagents, wastes, and materials are limited. We report the cobalt-catalyzed reductive addition of unactivated alkyl chlorides to conjugated alkenes. Co-catalyzed activation of alkyl chlorides is performed under electroreductive conditions, and the resulting reactions constitute formal alkyl-alkyl bond formation. In addition to developing an operationally simple methodology, detailed mechanistic studies provide insights into the elementary steps of a proposed catalytic cycle. In particular, we propose a switch in the mechanism of C-Cl bond activation from nucleophilic substitution to halogen atom abstraction, which is critical for efficiently generating alkyl radicals. These mechanistic insights were leveraged in designing ligands that enable couplings of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al Zubaydi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Immaculata O Onuigbo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Blaise L Truesdell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christo S Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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6
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Zhang H, Rodrigalvarez J, Martin R. C(sp 2)-H Hydroxylation via Catalytic 1,4-Ni Migration with N 2O. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17564-17569. [PMID: 37531410 PMCID: PMC10586377 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Ni-catalyzed C(sp2)-H hydroxylation of aryl bromides with N2O as an oxygen-atom donor. The reaction is enabled by a 1,4-Ni translocation that results in ipso/ortho difunctionalized products. Regioselectivity and stereocontrol are dictated by a judicious choice of the ligand backbone, thus giving access to either carbonyl or phenol derivatives and offering an opportunity to repurpose hazardous substances en route to valuable oxygen-containing building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química
Orgànica, c/Marcel·lí
Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jesus Rodrigalvarez
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Smith GC, Zhang DH, Zhang W, Soliven AH, Wuest WM. Visible-Light/Nickel-Catalyzed Carboxylation of C(sp 2) Bromides via Formate Activation. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37319431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new visible-light-driven method for the carboxylation of (hetero)aryl/vinyl bromides has been developed using catalytic 4CzIPN, nickel, phenyl triflimide, and sodium formate as a carboxylation agent. Interestingly, we found catalytic phenyl triflimide plays an essential role in promoting the reaction. While many C(sp2) carboxylation reactions require harsh reagents or gaseous carbon dioxide, we demonstrate the mild and facile construction of carboxylic acids from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin C Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Drason H Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Wanli Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Abigail H Soliven
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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8
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Zhao Z, Liu Y, Wang S, Tang S, Ma D, Zhu Z, Guo C, Qiu Y. Site-Selective Electrochemical C-H Carboxylation of Arenes with CO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214710. [PMID: 36382417 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a direct, metal-free, and site-selective electrochemical C-H carboxylation of arenes by reductive activation using CO2 as the economic and abundant carboxylic source was reported. The electrocarboxylation was carried out in an operationally simple manner with high chemo- and regioselectivity, setting the stage for the challenging site-selective C-H carboxylation of unactivated (hetero)arenes. The robust nature of the electrochemical strategy was reflected by a broad scope of substrates with excellent atom economy and unique selectivity. Notably, the direct and selective C-H carboxylation of various challenging arenes worked well in this approach, including electron-deficient naphthalenes, pyridines, simple phenyl derivatives, and substituted quinolines. The method benefits from being externally catalyst-free, metal-free and base-free, which makes it extremely attractive for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yin Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shunyao Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dengke Ma
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zile Zhu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chengcheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Youai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
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9
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Recent Advances in Nickel-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Coupling. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2023_85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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10
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Wang L, Li T, Perveen S, Zhang S, Wang X, Ouyang Y, Li P. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Carboxylation Enabled by a Chiral 2,2'-Bipyridine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213943. [PMID: 36300599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to previous approaches to chiral α-aryl carboxylic acids that based on reactions using hazardous gases, pressurized setup and mostly noble metal catalysts, in this work, a nickel-catalyzed general, efficient and highly enantioselective carboxylation reaction of racemic benzylic (pseudo)halides under mild conditions using atmospheric CO2 has been developed. A unique chiral 2,2'-bipyridine ligand named Me-SBpy featuring compact polycyclic skeleton enabled both high reactivity and stereoselectivity. The utility of this method has been demonstrated by synthesis of various chiral α-aryl carboxylic acids (30 examples, up to 95 % yield and 99 : 1 er), including profen family anti-inflammatory drugs and transformations using the acids as key intermediates. Based on mechanistic experimental results, a plausible catalytic cycle involving Ni-complex/radical equilibrium and Lewis acid-assisted CO2 activation has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Tao Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Saima Perveen
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Yizhao Ouyang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China.,School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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11
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Vadivelu P, Ganesan K. Density Functional Theory Study on [Ni 0(1,10-Phenanthroline)]-Catalyzed Reductive Carboxylation of Alkyl and Aryl Halides with CO 2: Effect of the Lewis Acid and β-H Elimination Side Reaction in the Crucial CO 2 Insertion Step. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19463-19474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Vadivelu
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur610 005, India
| | - Krithika Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur610 005, India
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12
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Noba N, Munakata M, Mori T, Kimura M. CO2‐Assisted Stereocontrolled Multi‐component Coupling. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Noba
- Fukushima Kogyo Koto Senmon Gakko Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry JAPAN
| | - Miho Munakata
- Fukushima Kogyo Koto Senmon Gakko Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry JAPAN
| | - Takamichi Mori
- Fukushima Kogyo Koto Senmon Gakko Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry JAPAN
| | - Masanari Kimura
- Nagasaki University Graduate School of Engineering Bunkyo 1-14 852-8521 Nagasaki JAPAN
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13
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Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García‐Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205673. [PMID: 35688769 PMCID: PMC9378488 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Strained rings are increasingly important for the design of pharmaceutical candidates, but cross‐coupling of strained rings remains challenging. An attractive, but underdeveloped, approach to diverse functionalized carbocyclic and heterocyclic frameworks containing all‐carbon quaternary centers is the coupling of abundant strained‐ring carboxylic acids with abundant aryl halides. Herein we disclose the development of a nickel‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile approach that couples a variety of strained ring N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters, derived from the carboxylic acid in one step, with various aryl and heteroaryl halides under reductive conditions. The chemistry is enabled by the discovery of methods to control NHP ester reactivity, by tuning the solvent or using modified NHP esters, and the discovery that t‐BuBpyCamCN, an L2X ligand, avoids problematic side reactions. This method can be run in flow and in 96‐well plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Salgueiro
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
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14
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Zhao Q, Li B, Zhou X, Wang Z, Zhang FL, Li Y, Zhou X, Fu Y, Wang YF. Boryl Radicals Enabled a Three-Step Sequence to Assemble All-Carbon Quaternary Centers from Activated Trichloromethyl Groups. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15275-15285. [PMID: 35950969 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The construction of diversely substituted all-carbon quaternary centers has been a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis. Methods that add three alkyl substituents to a simple C(sp3) atom rely heavily on lengthy multiple processes, which usually involve several preactivation steps. Here, we describe a straightforward three-step sequence that uses a range of readily accessible activated trichloromethyl groups as the carbon source, the three C-Cl bonds of which are selectively functionalized to introduce three alkyl chains. In each step, only a single C-Cl bond was cleaved with the choice of an appropriate Lewis base-boryl radical as the promoter. A vast range of diversely substituted all-carbon quaternary centers could be accessed directly from these activated CCl3 trichloromethyl groups or by simple derivatizations. The use of different alkene traps in each of the three steps enabled facile collections of a large library of products. The utility of this strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis of variants of two drug molecules, whose structures could be easily modulated by varying the alkene partner in each step. The results of kinetic and computational studies enabled the design of the three-step reaction and provided insights into the reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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15
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Zhu C, Zhang H, Liu Q, Chen K, Liu ZY, Feng C. Nickel-Catalyzed anti-Markovnikov Hydroalkylation of Trifluoromethylalkenes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zhu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yao Liu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Material-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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16
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Zhang Z, Shi J, Zhu T, Zhang L, Wei W. Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon single crystal-based Ag nanoparticles for boosting mild CO 2 conversion with terminal alkynes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:81-89. [PMID: 35841711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of efficient heterogeneous catalysts with high turnover frequency (TOF) is intriguing for rapid and scalable CO2 conversion under mild conditions, but it still faces some challenges due to use of some bulky and irregular supports causing inaccessible inner pores and insufficient utilization of active sites. Herein, using a unique nitrogen-doped mesoporous single-crystal carbon (named IRFC) as a host for loading Ag nanoparticles for the first time, a series of Ag/IRFC catalysts with high TOF (8.7-22.3 h-1) were facilely prepared by a novel "impregnation and in-situ reduction" strategy. The neat morphology and high porosity of IRFC with abundant N species, providing homogeneous surface, adequate space and anchoring sites for Ag immobilization, greatly facilitated the formation of highly-distributed ultrasmall Ag nanoparticles (2.3 nm). Meanwhile, smooth and short diffusion pathways were inherited from the ordered mesopores and small particle sizes of IRFC. Owing to these unparalleled structural features, the Ag/IRFC catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity, stability, and generality for mild CO2 conversion even under diluted conditions. This work not only presents a novel catalyst for mild CO2 conversion, but also brings some inspirations to designing highly efficient catalysts using well-shaped supporting nanomaterials for direct utilization of low-concentration CO2, such as flue gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Zhang
- Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shanxi Province, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jialin Shi
- Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Tianyang Zhu
- Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Yulin University, Yulin 719000, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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17
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Bian KJ, Nemoto D, Kao SC, He Y, Li Y, Wang XS, West JG. Modular Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes through Bio-Inspired Radical Ligand Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11810-11821. [PMID: 35729791 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Development of visible light-mediated atom transfer radical addition of haloalkanes onto unsaturated hydrocarbons has seen rapid growth in recent years. However, due to its radical chain propagation mechanism, diverse functionality other than the pre-existing (pseudo-)halide on the alkyl halide source cannot be incorporated into target molecules in a one-step, economic fashion. Inspired by the prominent reactivities shown by cytochrome P450 hydroxylase and non-heme iron-dependent oxygenases, we herein report the first modular, dual catalytic difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes via manganese-catalyzed radical ligand transfer (RLT). This RLT elementary step involves a coordinated nucleophile rebounding to a carbon-centered radical to form a new C-X bond in analogy to the radical rebound step in metalloenzymes. The protocol leverages the synergetic cooperation of both a photocatalyst and earth-abundant manganese complex to deliver two radical species in succession to minimally functionalized alkenes, enabling modular diversification of the radical intermediate by a high-valent manganese species capable of delivering various external nucleophiles. A broad scope (97 examples, including drugs/natural product motifs), mild conditions, and excellent chemoselectivity were shown for a variety of substrates and fluoroalkyl fragments. Mechanistic and kinetics studies provide insights into the radical nature of the dual catalytic transformation and support radical ligand transfer (RLT) as a new strategy to deliver diverse functionality selectively to carbon-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jie Bian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - David Nemoto
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Shih-Chieh Kao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yan He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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18
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Salgueiro DC, Chi BK, Guzei IA, García-Reynaga P, Weix DJ. Control of Redox‐Active Ester Reactivity Enables a General Cross‐Electrophile Approach to Access Arylated Strained Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Daniel John Weix
- UW-Madison: University of Wisconsin Madison Chemistry 1101 University Avenue 53706 Madison UNITED STATES
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19
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Aragón J, Sun S, Pascual D, Jaworski S, Lloret-Fillol J. Photoredox Activation of Inert Alkyl Chlorides for the Reductive Cross-Coupling with Aromatic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114365. [PMID: 35289039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The inertness of chloroalkanes has precluded them as coupling partners for cross-coupling reactions. Herein we disclose a general strategy for the activation of inert alkyl chlorides through photoredox catalysis and their use as coupling partners with alkenes. The catalytic system is formed by [Ni(OTf)(Py2 Ts tacn)](OTf) (1Ni ), which is responsible for the Csp3 -Cl bond activation, and [Ir(NMe2 bpy)(ppy)2 ]PF6, (PCIr NMe2 ), which is the photoredox catalyst. Combined experimental and theoretical studies show an in situ photogenerated NiI intermediate ([Ni(Py2 Ts tacn)]+ ) which is catalytically competent for the Csp3 -Cl bond cleavage via a SN 2 mechanism for primary alkyl chlorides, forming carbon-centered free radicals, which react with the olefin leading to the formation of the Csp3 -Csp3 bond. These results suggest inert alkyl chlorides can be electrophiles for developing new intermolecular strategies in which low-valent aminopyridine nickel complexes act as key catalytic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Aragón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Suyun Sun
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Pascual
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jaworski
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Duan A, Yu Y, Wang F, Wang X, Wang D. Mechanism and Origin of Stereoselectivity of Ni-Catalyzed Cyclization/Carboxylation of Bromoalkynes with CO 2. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8342-8350. [PMID: 35500133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bromoalkynes play important roles in coupling reactions because they can show obvious stereoselectivity to form E- and Z-isomers when substituents are different. However, the origin of the stereoselectivity in the bromoalkynes reaction is still unclear. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to provide an in-depth study of the reaction mechanism, clarifying the mechanistic details of the main reaction and the origin of the stereoselectivity. By comparing the syn-insertion mechanism of alkynes and the radical pathway, it is indicated that the electrostatic effect caused by the different charge distributions of the reactants is the main reason that Ni(I) species are more prone to syn-insertion of alkynes than Ni(II) species. In addition, the lower reaction energy barrier in the radical pathway suggests that it is more advantageous in terms of kinetics. The bond between Ni(I) species and alkenylation products has two directions to generate products of different configurations, which are the direct stereoselectivity-determining stages. The distortion/interaction analysis shows that the distortion energy mainly affects the product configuration, and the steric hindrance is the main factor controlling the stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yali Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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21
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Rawat A, Dhakla S, Lama P, Pal TK. Fixation of carbon dioxide to aryl/aromatic carboxylic acids. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Gillbard SM, Lam HW. Nickel-Catalyzed Arylative Cyclizations of Alkyne- and Allene-Tethered Electrophiles using Arylboron Reagents. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104230. [PMID: 34986277 PMCID: PMC9302687 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of arylboron reagents in metal‐catalyzed domino addition–cyclization reactions is a well‐established strategy for the preparation of diverse, highly functionalized carbo‐ and heterocyclic products. Although rhodium‐ and palladium‐based catalysts have been commonly used for these reactions, more recent work has demonstrated nickel catalysis is also highly effective, in many cases offering unique reactivity and access to products that might otherwise not be readily available. This review gives an overview of nickel‐catalyzed arylative cyclizations of alkyne‐ and allene‐tethered electrophiles using arylboron reagents. The scope of the reactions is discussed in detail, and general mechanistic concepts underpinning the processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Gillbard
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, NG7 2TU, Nottingham, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, NG7 2TU, Nottingham, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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23
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Aragón J, Sun S, Pascual D, Jaworski S, Lloret‐Fillol J. Photoredox Activation of Inert Alkyl Chlorides for the Reductive Cross‐Coupling with Aromatic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Aragón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Suyun Sun
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - David Pascual
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Sebastian Jaworski
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Julio Lloret‐Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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24
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Jin Y, Toriumi N, Iwasawa N. Visible-Light-Enabled Carboxylation of Benzyl Alcohol Derivatives with CO 2 Using a Palladium/Iridium Dual Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102095. [PMID: 34821059 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient carboxylation of benzyl alcohol derivatives with CO2 using a palladium/iridium dual catalyst under visible-light irradiation was developed. A wide range of benzyl alcohol derivatives could be employed to provide benzylic carboxylic acids in moderate to high yields. Mechanistic studies indicated that the oxidative addition of benzyl alcohol derivatives was possibly the rate-determining-step. It was also found that a switchable site-selective carboxylation between benzylic C-O and aryl C-Cl moieties could be achieved simply by changing the palladium catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Toriumi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
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25
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Cauwenbergh R, Goyal V, Maiti R, Natte K, Das S. Challenges and recent advancements in the transformation of CO 2 into carboxylic acids: straightforward assembly with homogeneous 3d metals. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9371-9423. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable organic carboxylic acids is essential for maintaining sustainability. In this review, such CO2 thermo-, photo- and electrochemical transformations under 3d-transition metal catalysis are described from 2017 until 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Cauwenbergh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vishakha Goyal
- Chemical and Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun-248005, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Joggers Road, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Rakesh Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kishore Natte
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502 285, Telangana, India
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
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26
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Tortajada A, Börjesson M, Martin R. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Carboxylation and Amidation Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3941-3952. [PMID: 34586783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquity and importance of carboxylic acids and amides in peptides, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and synthetic materials has challenged chemists to design de novo catalytic carboxylation and amidation protocols. They represent a powerful alternative to canonical oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes, hydrolysis of nitriles, transamidation reactions, or condensation techniques for the synthesis of these functional groups. Among various scenarios, the recent years have witnessed considerable advances in Ni-catalyzed reductive carboxylation and amidation reactions utilizing carbon dioxide and isocyanate counterparts. This Account aims to highlight the progress made in this arena with a historical perspective, with particular emphasis on the methodologies that have emanated from our laboratories without losing sight of the underlying principles by which these reactions operate, with the ultimate goal of allowing the transition from comprehension to prediction in this exciting field.Unlike the utilization of conventional polar yet highly reactive organometallic reagents in carboxylation or amidation reactions, the utilization of nickel catalysts has allowed the use of carbon dioxide and isocyanates with less reactive and less-polarized counterparts for the formations of carboxylic acids and amides. These less reactive groups include organic halides and pseudohalides (i.e., alkyl bromides and chlorides, esters, alcohols, and ammonium salts), unsaturated hydrocarbons (i.e., alkynes, styrenes, unactivated alkenes, and dienes) or even C-H bonds, where forging the targeted C-C bond at previously unfunctionalized C-H linkages was possible, thus giving access to densely functionalized compounds that would be difficult to access otherwise. The C-H functionalization includes chain-walking scenarios, where subtle changes in the ligand and reaction conditions marked the selectivity of the transformations, and reactions via a [1,4]-Ni shift, where selective carboxylation in aromatic rings could be achieved. Conceptuality and practicality aside, these transformations have even offered the possibility of modulating and dictating the site-selectivity pattern, thus providing not only new vistas when controlling the selectivity of bond-forming reactions at specific sites within the side chain but also new knowledge in retrosynthetic analysis when accessing carboxylic acids and amide backbones. Importantly, these techniques have shown to be particularly suited for the preparation of isotopically labeled molecules when using 13CO2 or even 14CO2, thus becoming a useful endeavor in the drug discovery pipeline. Although mechanistic understanding at the molecular level still constitutes the "Achilles heel" of these transformations, the recent empirical discoveries and the rapid adoption of these protocols by the community augurs well for the widespread utilization of reductive carboxylation and amidation reactions in both academic and industrial laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Tortajada
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marino Börjesson
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Jin Y, Wen H, Yang F, Ding D, Wang C. Synthesis of Multisubstituted Allenes via Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youxiang Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Feiyan Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Decai Ding
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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28
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Cruz CL, Montgomery J. Nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of unactivated alkyl bromides and aliphatic aldehydes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11995-12000. [PMID: 34667565 PMCID: PMC8457385 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild, convenient coupling of aliphatic aldehydes and unactivated alkyl bromides has been developed. The catalytic system features the use of a common Ni(ii) precatalyst and a readily available bioxazoline ligand and affords silyl-protected secondary alcohols. The reaction is operationally simple, utilizing Mn as a stoichiometric reductant, and tolerates a wide range of functional groups. The use of 1,5-hexadiene as an additive is an important reaction parameter that provides significant benefits in yield optimizations. Initial mechanistic experiments support a mechanism featuring an alpha-silyloxy Ni species that undergoes formal oxidative addition to the alkyl bromide via a reductive cross-coupling pathway. Aliphatic aldehydes and alkyl bromides are reductively coupled using nickel catalysis. A BiOX ligand and 1,5-hexadiene paired with a silyl chloride and Mn as the terminal reductant are important features of the process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole L Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48108-1055 USA
| | - John Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 North University Avenue Ann Arbor Michigan 48108-1055 USA
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29
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Lin Q, Fu Y, Liu P, Diao T. Monovalent Nickel-Mediated Radical Formation: A Concerted Halogen-Atom Dissociation Pathway Determined by Electroanalytical Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14196-14206. [PMID: 34432468 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent success of nickel catalysts in stereoconvergent cross-coupling and cross-electrophile coupling reactions partly stems from the ability of monovalent nickel species to activate C(sp3) electrophiles and generate radical intermediates. This electroanalytical study of the commonly applied (bpy)Ni catalyst elucidates the mechanism of this critical step. Data rule out outer-sphere electron transfer and two-electron oxidative addition pathways. The linear free energy relationship between rates and the bond-dissociation free energies, the electronic and steric effects of the nickel complexes and the electrophiles, and DFT calculations support a variant of the halogen-atom abstraction pathway, the inner-sphere electron transfer concerted with halogen-atom dissociation. This mechanism accounts for the observed reactivity of different electrophiles in cross-coupling reactions and provides a mechanistic rationale for the chemoselectivity obtained in cross-electrophile coupling over homocoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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30
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Muralirajan K, Kancherla R, Gimnkhan A, Rueping M. Unactivated Alkyl Chloride Reactivity in Excited-State Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:6905-6910. [PMID: 34432470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Excited-state palladium catalysis is an efficient process for the alkylation of diverse organic compounds via the generation of alkyl radicals from alkyl bromides and iodides. However, the generation of alkyl radicals from more stable alkyl chlorides remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the excited-state palladium-catalyzed synthesis of oxindoles and isoquinolinediones via alkylation/annulation reaction by overcoming inherent limitations associated with unactivated C(sp3)-Cl bond activation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Muralirajan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajesh Kancherla
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aidana Gimnkhan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Toriumi N, Shimomaki K, Caner J, Murata K, Martin R, Iwasawa N. Mechanistic Studies into Visible Light-Driven Carboxylation of Aryl Halides/Triflates by the Combined Use of Palladium and Photoredox Catalysts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Toriumi
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Katsuya Shimomaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Joaquim Caner
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nobuharu Iwasawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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32
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Chen X, Yue J, Wang K, Gui Y, Niu Y, Liu J, Ran C, Kong W, Zhou W, Yu D. Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Carbo‐Carboxylation of Alkenes with CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Wang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Ping Yue
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Kuai Wang
- The Center for Precision Synthesis Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Yuan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Nan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chuan‐Kun Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Center for Precision Synthesis Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Neijiang Normal University Neijiang 641100 P. R. China
| | - Da‐Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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33
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Chen X, Yue J, Wang K, Gui Y, Niu Y, Liu J, Ran C, Kong W, Zhou W, Yu D. Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Carbo‐Carboxylation of Alkenes with CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14068-14075. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Wang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Ping Yue
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Kuai Wang
- The Center for Precision Synthesis Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Yong‐Yuan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Nan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chuan‐Kun Ran
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Center for Precision Synthesis Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Neijiang Normal University Neijiang 641100 P. R. China
| | - Da‐Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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34
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Davies J, Janssen-Müller D, Zimin DP, Day CS, Yanagi T, Elfert J, Martin R. Ni-Catalyzed Carboxylation of Aziridines en Route to β-Amino Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4949-4954. [PMID: 33724815 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed reductive carboxylation of N-substituted aziridines with CO2 at atmospheric pressure is disclosed. The protocol is characterized by its mild conditions, experimental ease, and exquisite chemo- and regioselectivity pattern, thus unlocking a new catalytic blueprint to access β-amino acids, important building blocks with considerable potential as peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Davies
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniel Janssen-Müller
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Dmitry P Zimin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S Day
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Tomoyuki Yanagi
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jonas Elfert
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Fawcett A, Keller MJ, Herrera Z, Hartwig JF. Site Selective Chlorination of C(sp 3 )-H Bonds Suitable for Late-Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8276-8283. [PMID: 33480134 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
C(sp3 )-Cl bonds are present in numerous biologically active small molecules, and an ideal route for their preparation is by the chlorination of a C(sp3 )-H bond. However, most current methods for the chlorination of C(sp3 )-H bonds are insufficiently site selective and tolerant of functional groups to be applicable to the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules. We report a method for the highly selective chlorination of tertiary and benzylic C(sp3 )-H bonds to produce the corresponding chlorides, generally in high yields. The reaction occurs with a mixture of an azidoiodinane, which generates a selective H-atom abstractor under mild conditions, and a readily-accessible and inexpensive copper(II) chloride complex, which efficiently transfers a chlorine atom. The reaction's exceptional functional group tolerance is demonstrated by the chlorination of >30 diversely functionalized substrates and the late-stage chlorination of a dozen derivatives of natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fawcett
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - M Josephine Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zachary Herrera
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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36
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Fawcett A, Keller MJ, Herrera Z, Hartwig JF. Site Selective Chlorination of C(sp
3
)−H Bonds Suitable for Late‐Stage Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fawcett
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Josephine Keller
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Zachary Herrera
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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37
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Su L, Ma G, Song Y, Gong H. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Vinylation of Chloro-hexahydropyrroloindoline Derivatives with Vinyl Triflates. Org Lett 2021; 23:2493-2497. [PMID: 33733789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work emphasizes facile construction of C-3a vinyl substituted hexahydropyrrolidinoindolines based upon Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling of chloro-hexahydropyrroloindoline derivatives with a wide range of alkyl-decorated vinyl triflates. The remarkable compatibility of sterically hindered branched vinyl groups is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Su
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guobin Ma
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanhong Song
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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38
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McMillan AJ, Sieńkowska M, Di Lorenzo P, Gransbury GK, Chilton NF, Salamone M, Ruffoni A, Bietti M, Leonori D. Practical and Selective sp 3 C-H Bond Chlorination via Aminium Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7132-7139. [PMID: 33458924 PMCID: PMC8048631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of chlorine atoms into organic molecules is fundamental to the manufacture of industrial chemicals, the elaboration of advanced synthetic intermediates and also the fine-tuning of physicochemical and biological properties of drugs, agrochemicals and polymers. We report here a general and practical photochemical strategy enabling the site-selective chlorination of sp3 C-H bonds. This process exploits the ability of protonated N-chloroamines to serve as aminium radical precursors and also radical chlorinating agents. Upon photochemical initiation, an efficient radical-chain propagation is established allowing the functionalization of a broad range of substrates due to the large number of compatible functionalities. The ability to synergistically maximize both polar and steric effects in the H-atom transfer transition state through appropriate selection of the aminium radical has provided the highest known selectivity in radical sp3 C-H chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martyna Sieńkowska
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Piero Di Lorenzo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Gemma K. Gransbury
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità “Tor Vergata”Via della Ricerca Scientifica00133RomeItaly
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità “Tor Vergata”Via della Ricerca Scientifica00133RomeItaly
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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39
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McMillan AJ, Sieńkowska M, Di Lorenzo P, Gransbury GK, Chilton NF, Salamone M, Ruffoni A, Bietti M, Leonori D. Practical and Selective sp
3
C−H Bond Chlorination via Aminium Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J. McMillan
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Martyna Sieńkowska
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Piero Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Gemma K. Gransbury
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università “Tor Vergata” Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Alessandro Ruffoni
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche Università “Tor Vergata” Via della Ricerca Scientifica 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Department of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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40
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Zhang G, Cheng Y, Beller M, Chen F. Direct Carboxylation with Carbon Dioxide via Cooperative Photoredox and Transition‐Metal Dual Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 180 Siwangting Road Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
| | - Yihan Cheng
- School of Engineering and Applied Science Columbia University 116 Broadway Street New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 180 Siwangting Road Yangzhou 225002 People's Republic of China
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41
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Kim W, Koo J, Lee HG. Benzylic C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) cross-coupling of indoles enabled by oxidative radical generation and nickel catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4119-4125. [PMID: 34163683 PMCID: PMC8179435 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06666d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mechanistically unique functionalization strategy for a benzylic C(sp3)-H bond has been developed based on the facile oxidation event of indole substrates. This novel pathway was initiated by efficient radical generation at the benzylic position of the substrate, with subsequent transition metal catalysis to complete the overall transformation. Ultimately, an aryl or an acyl group could be effectively delivered from an aryl (pseudo)halide or an acid anhydride coupling partner, respectively. The developed method utilizes mild conditions and exhibits a wide substrate scope for both substituted indoles and C(sp2)-based reaction counterparts. Mechanistic studies have shown that competitive hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes, which are frequently encountered in conventional methods, are not involved in the product formation process of the developed strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weonjeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Jangwoo Koo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul 08826 South Korea
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Seoul 08826 South Korea
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42
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Liu C. Theoretical research on the direct carboxylation of benzene with CO
2
catalyzed by different carbene‐CuOH compounds. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Research and Development Center ShanDong GuoBang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Weifang Shandong China
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43
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Yorimitsu H. Catalytic Transformations of Sulfonium Salts via C‐S Bond Activation. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3356-3369. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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44
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Wang J, Gong Y, Sun D, Gong H. Nickel-catalyzed reductive benzylation of tertiary alkyl halides with benzyl chlorides and chloroformates. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of benzyl chlorides and chloroformates with unactivated tertiary alkyl halides to forge the challenging benzylated all C(sp3)-quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Yuxin Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Deli Sun
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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45
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Xue W, Jia X, Wang X, Tao X, Yin Z, Gong H. Nickel-catalyzed formation of quaternary carbon centers using tertiary alkyl electrophiles. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4162-4184. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in nickel-catalyzed reactions employing tertiary alkyl electrophiles for the construction of quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Xue
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xianghua Tao
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou 450002
- China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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46
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Long CY, Ni SF, Su MH, Wang XQ, Tan W. Highly Chemoselective Access to 2,2′-Diaminobiaryls via Ni-Catalyzed Protecting-Group-Free Coupling of 2-Haloanilines. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Long
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Hui Su
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Lin T, Gu Y, Qian P, Guan H, Walsh PJ, Mao J. Nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of homoenolates and their higher homologues with unactivated alkyl bromides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5638. [PMID: 33159055 PMCID: PMC7648641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic generation of homoenolates and their higher homologues has been a long-standing challenge. Like the generation of transition metal enolates, which have been used to great affect in synthesis and medicinal chemistries, homoenolates and their higher homologues have much potential, albeit largely unrealized. Herein, a nickel-catalyzed generation of homoenolates, and their higher homologues, via decarbonylation of readily available cyclic anhydrides has been developed. The utility of nickel-bound homoenolates and their higher homologues is demonstrated by cross-coupling with unactivated alkyl bromides, generating a diverse array of aliphatic acids. A broad range of functional groups is tolerated. Preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate that: (1) oxidative addition of anhydrides by the catalyst is faster than oxidative addition of alkyl bromides; (2) nickel bound metallocycles are involved in this transformation and (3) the catalyst undergoes a single electron transfer (SET) process with the alkyl bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingzhi Lin
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuanyun Gu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Pengcheng Qian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Haixing Guan
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA.
| | - Jianyou Mao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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Saini S, Prajapati PK, Jain SL. Transition metal-catalyzed carboxylation of olefins with Carbon dioxide: a comprehensive review. CATALYSIS REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01614940.2020.1831757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Saini
- Chemical & Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Prajapati
- Chemical & Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman L Jain
- Chemical & Material Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, India
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49
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Liu J, Ye Y, Sessler JL, Gong H. Cross-Electrophile Couplings of Activated and Sterically Hindered Halides and Alcohol Derivatives. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1833-1845. [PMID: 32840998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of alkyl electrophiles has evolved into a privileged strategy that permits the facile construction of valuable C(sp3)-C bonds. Numerous elegant Ni-catalyzed coupling methods, for example, arylation, allylation, acylation, and vinylation of primary and secondary alkyl halides have been developed. This prior work has provided important mechanistic insights into the selectivity and reactivity of the coupling partners, which are largely dictated by both the catalysts and the reactants. In spite of the advances made to date, a number of challenging issues remain, including (1) achieving stereoselective syntheses of C-C bonds that rely primarily on functionalized or activated alkyl precursors, (2) diversifying the electrophiles, and (3) gaining insights into the underlying reaction mechanisms.In this Account, we summarize a number of Ni- and Fe-catalyzed reductive C-C bond forming methods developed in our laboratory, which have allowed us to couple activated, sterically hindered tertiary alkyl and C(sp3)-O bond electrophiles and to access methylated and trifluoromethylated products, esters, C-glycosides, and quaternary carbon centers. We will begin with a brief discussion of Ni-catalyzed chemoselective construction of unactivated alkyl-alkyl bonds, with focus on the effects of ligands and reductants, along with leaving group-directed reactivities of alkyl halides, and the role they play in promoting the reductive coupling of activated electrophiles, including methyl, trifluoromethyl, and glycosyl electrophiles, and chloroformates. Matching the reactivities of these electrophiles with suitable coupling partners is considered essential for success; this is something that can be tuned by means of appropriate Ni catalysts. Second, we will detail how tuning the steric and electronic effects of nickel catalysts with labile pyridine-type ligands and additives (primarily MgCl2) permits effective creation of arylated all-carbon quaternary centers through the coupling of aryl halides with sterically encumbered tertiary alkyl halides. In contrast, the use of bulkier bipyridine and terpyridine ligands permits the incorporation of relative small-sized acyl and allyl groups into acylated and allylated all-carbon quaternary centers. Finally, we will show how the knowledge gained with halide electrophiles enabled us to develop methods that permit the coupling of tertiary alkyl oxalates with allyl, aryl, and vinyl electrophiles, wherein Barton C-O bond radical fragmentation is mediated by Zn and MgCl2 and promoted by Ni catalysts. The same protocol is applicable to the arylation of secondary alkyl oxalates derived from α-hydroxyl carbonyl substrates, which involves the formation of relatively stable α-carbonyl carbon centered radicals. Thus, this Account not only summarizes synthetic methods that allow formation of valuable C-C bonds using challenging electrophiles but also provides insight into the relationship between the structure and reactivity of the substrates and catalysts, as well as the effects of additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Liu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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50
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Gao XT, Zhang Z, Wang X, Tian JS, Xie SL, Zhou F, Zhou J. Direct electrochemical defluorinative carboxylation of α-CF 3 alkenes with carbon dioxide. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10414-10420. [PMID: 34123181 PMCID: PMC8162267 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04091f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented γ-carboxylation of α-CF3 alkenes with CO2 is reported. This approach constitutes a rare example of using electrochemical methods to achieve regioselectivity complementary to conventional metal catalysis. Accordingly, using platinum plate as both a working cathode and a nonsacrificial anode in a user-friendly undivided cell under constant current conditions, the γ-carboxylation provides efficient access to vinylacetic acids bearing a gem-difluoroalkene moiety from a broad range of substrates. The synthetic utility is further demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis and elaboration to several value-added products. Cyclic voltammetry and density functional theory calculations were performed to provide mechanistic insights into the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663N Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663N Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jun-Song Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663N Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Shi-Liang Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663N Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663N Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663N Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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