1
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Rotundo L, Ahmad S, Cappuccino C, Pearce AJ, Nedzbala H, Bottum SR, Mayer JM, Cahoon JF, Grills DC, Ertem MZ, Manbeck GF. Fast Catalysis at Low Overpotential: Designing Efficient Dicationic Re(bpy 2+)(CO) 3I Electrocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24742-24747. [PMID: 39190866 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
We report a series of isomeric, dicationic Re(bpy2+)(CO)3I complexes with bpy (2,2'-bipyridine) modified by two phenyl-CH2-(NMe3)+ pendants with cations located at variable distances from the active site for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in CH3CN/2.8 M H2O. The position of the cationic groups dramatically increases the rate of catalysis by ∼800-fold, from 1.2 to 950 s-1, with only a minor increase in overpotential. Acceleration is due to stabilization of the initial CO2 adduct and lowering of ΔG‡ for C-OH bond cleavage by Coulombic stabilization of anionic charges. Performance may be enhanced by accumulation in the electrochemical double layer. Transition state stabilization in the optimized isomer unlocks the low overpotential "protonation-first" pathway, highlighting the sizable effects of subtle structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rotundo
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Chiara Cappuccino
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Adam J Pearce
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hannah Nedzbala
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Samuel R Bottum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James M Mayer
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - James F Cahoon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Mehmed Z Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Gerald F Manbeck
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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2
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Moberg ME, Reid AG, Dickie DA, Machan CW. Pre-equilibrium reactions involving pendent relays improve CO 2 reduction mediated by molecular Cr-based electrocatalysts. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39189075 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01981d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Homogeneous earth abundant transition-metal electrocatalysts capable of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction to generate value-added chemical products are a possible strategy to minimize rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Previously, it was determined that Cr-centered bipyridine-based N2O2 complexes for CO2 reduction are kinetically limited by a proton-transfer step during C-OH bond cleavage. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the inclusion of pendent relay groups in the secondary coordination sphere of these molecular catalysts could increase their catalytic activity. Here, it is shown that the introduction of a pendent methoxy group favorably impacts a pre-equilibrium protonation prior to the catalytic resting state, resulting in a significant increase in catalytic activity without a loss of product selectivity for generating carbon monoxide (CO) from CO2. Interestingly, combining the pendent methoxy group with a cationic acid causes a positive shift of the catalytic reduction potential of the system, while maintaining increased activity and quantitative selectivity. This work suggests that tuning the secondary coordination sphere with respect to cationic proton sources can result in activity improvements by modifying the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of proton transfer in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Moberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319, USA.
| | - Amelia G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319, USA.
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319, USA.
| | - Charles W Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319, USA.
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3
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Richter ML, Peris E, Gonell S. Influence of the Bis-Carbene Ligand on Manganese Catalysts for CO 2 Electroreduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202401007. [PMID: 38962948 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
First row transition metal complexes have attracted attention as abundant and affordable electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Manganese complexes bearing bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands defining 6-membered ring metallacycles have proven to reduce CO2 to CO selectively at very high rates. Herein, we report the synthesis of manganese carbonyl complexes supported by a rigid ortho-phenylene bridged bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (ortho-phenylene-bis(N-methylimidazol-2-ylidene), Ph-bis-mim), which defines a 7-membered ring metallacycle. We performed a comparative study with the analogues complexes bearing an ethylene-bis(N-methylimidazol-2-ylidene) ligand (C2H4-bis-mim) and a methylene-bis(N-methylimidazol-2-ylidene) ligand (CH2-bis-mim), and found that catalysts comprising a seven-membered metallacycle retain similar selectivity and activity as those with six-membered metallacycles, while reducing the overpotential by 120-190 mV. Our findings reveal general design principles for manganese bis-N-heterocyclic carbene electrocatalysts, which can guide further designs of affordable, fast and low overpotential catalysts for CO2 electroreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin L Richter
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Sergio Gonell
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., E-12071, Castellón, Spain
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4
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Lee D, Molani F, Choe MS, Lee HS, Wee KR, Hwang S, Kim CH, Cho AE, Son HJ. Photocatalytic Conversion of CO 2 to Formate/CO by an (η 6- para-Cymene)Ru(II) Half-Metallocene Catalyst: Influence of Additives and TiO 2 Immobilization on the Catalytic Mechanism and Product Selectivity. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11506-11522. [PMID: 38856726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic efficacy of the monobipyridyl (η6-para-Cymene)Ru(II) half-metallocene, [(p-Cym)Ru(bpy)Cl]+ was evaluated in both mixed homogeneous (dye + catalyst) and heterogeneous hybrid systems (dye/TiO2/Catalyst) for photochemical CO2 reduction. A series of homogeneous photolysis experiments revealed that the (p-Cym)Ru(II) catalyst engages in two competitive routes for CO2 reduction (CO2 to formate conversion via RuII-hydride vs CO2 to CO conversion through a RuII-COOH intermediate). The conversion activity and product selectivity were notably impacted by the pKa value and the concentration of the proton source added. When a more acidic TEOA additive was introduced, the half-metallocene Ru(II) catalyst leaned toward producing formate through the RuII-H mechanism, with a formate selectivity of 86%. On the other hand, in homogeneous catalysis with TFE additive, the CO2-to-formate conversion through RuII-H was less effective, yielding a more efficient CO2-to-CO conversion with a selectivity of >80% (TONformate of 140 and TONCO of 626 over 48 h). The preference between the two pathways was elucidated through an electrochemical mechanistic study, monitoring the fate of the metal-hydride intermediate. Compared to the homogeneous system, the TiO2-heterogenized (p-Cym)Ru(II) catalyst demonstrated enhanced and enduring performance, attaining TONs of 1000 for CO2-to-CO and 665 for CO2-to-formate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehan Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Farzad Molani
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Choe
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongpil Hwang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Art E Cho
- Department of Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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5
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Takeda H, Irimajiri M, Mizutani T, Nozawa S, Matsuura Y, Kurosu M, Ishitani O. Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction Using Mixed Catalytic Systems Comprising an Iron Cation with Bulky Phenanthroline Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7343-7355. [PMID: 38598607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
This study reports on efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions using mixed catalytic systems of an Fe ion source and various 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives (R1R2p) as ligands in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA). As the relatively bulky substituents at positions 2 and 9 of R1R2p weakened the ability to coordinate to the Fe ion, the Fe ion formed TEOA complexes. The free R1R2p accepted an electron from the reduced photosensitizer through proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) using protons of TEOA dissolved in a CH3CN solution in a CO2 atmosphere as the initial step of the catalytic cycle. Although the mixed system of the nonsubstituted 1,10-phenanthroline generates a stable tris(phenanthroline)-Fe(II) complex in solution, this complex could not function as a CO2 reduction catalyst. The mechanism in which R1R2p interacts with the Fe ion after PCET was proposed for this efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The proposed photocatalytic system using the 2,9-di-sec-butyl-phenanthroline ligand could produce CO with high efficiency (quantum yield of 8.2%) combined with a dinuclear Cu(I) complex as a photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takeda
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Mina Irimajiri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizutani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Yuna Matsuura
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Masao Kurosu
- Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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6
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Li M, Huang F, Zhang P, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Li F, Chen L. Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction by Urea Hangman Mn Terpyridine species. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304218. [PMID: 38362832 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Based on our previous study in chemical subtleties of the proton tunneling distance for metal hydride formation (PTD-MH) to regulate the selectivity of CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), we have developed a family of Mn terpyridine derivatives, in which urea groups functions as multipoint hydrogen-bonding hangman to accelerate the reaction rate. We found that such changes to the second coordination sphere significantly increased the turnover frequency (TOF) for CO2 reduction to ca. 360s - 1 ${{s}^{-1}}$ with this family of molecular catalysts while maintaining high selectivity (ca. 100 %±3) for CO even in the presence of a large amount of phenol as proton source. Notably, the compounds studied in this manuscript all exhibit large value fori c a t / i p ${{{\bf i}}_{{\bf c a t}}/{{\bf i}}_{{\bf p}}}$ as that achieved by Fe porphyrins derivates, while saving up to 0.55 V in overpotential with respect to the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
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7
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Yuan H, Krishna A, Wei Z, Su Y, Chen J, Hua W, Zheng Z, Song D, Mu Q, Pan W, Xiao L, Yan J, Li G, Yang W, Deng Z, Peng Y. Ligand-Bound CO 2 as a Nonclassical Route toward Efficient Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction with a Ni N-Confused Porphyrin. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10550-10558. [PMID: 38584353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Implementing the synergistic effects between the metal and the ligand has successfully streamlined the energetics for CO2 activation and gained high catalytic activities, establishing the important breakthroughs in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Herein, we describe a Ni(II) N-confused porphyrin complex (NiNCP) featuring an acidic N-H group. It is readily deprotonated and exists in an anion form during catalysis. Owing to this functional site, NiNCP gave rise to an outstanding turnover number (TON) as high as 217,000 with a 98% selectivity for CO2 reduction to CO, while the parent Ni(II) porphyrin (NiTPP) was found to be nearly inactive. Our mechanistic analysis revealed a nonclassical reaction pattern where CO2 was effectively activated via the attack of the Lewis-basic ligand. The resulting ligand-bound CO2 adduct could be further reduced to produce CO. This new metal-ligand synergistic effect is anticipated to inspire the design of highly active catalysts for small molecule activations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihong Yuan
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Akash Krishna
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, Wageningen 6708 WE, The Netherlands
| | - Zhihe Wei
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhui Su
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinzhou Chen
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangyi Zheng
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daqi Song
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Mu
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiyi Pan
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Long Xiao
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Guanna Li
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Soochow Institute of Energy and Material Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Xiao Y, Xie F, Zhang HT, Zhang MT. Bioinspired Binickel Catalyst for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: The Importance of Metal-ligand Cooperation. JACS AU 2024; 4:1207-1218. [PMID: 38559717 PMCID: PMC10976602 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Catalyst design for the efficient CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) remains a crucial challenge for the conversion of CO2 to fuels. Natural Ni-Fe carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (NiFe-CODH) achieves reversible conversion of CO2 and CO at nearly thermodynamic equilibrium potential, which provides a template for developing CO2RR catalysts. However, compared with the natural enzyme, most biomimetic synthetic Ni-Fe complexes exhibit negligible CO2RR catalytic activities, which emphasizes the significance of effective bimetallic cooperation for CO2 activation. Enlightened by bimetallic synergy, we herein report a dinickel complex, NiIINiII(bphpp)(AcO)2 (where NiNi(bphpp) is derived from H2bphpp = 2,9-bis(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-3-pyridylphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline) for electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO, which exhibits a remarkable reactivity approximately 5 times higher than that of the mononuclear Ni catalyst. Electrochemical and computational studies have revealed that the redox-active phenanthroline moiety effectively modulates the electron injection and transfer akin to the [Fe3S4] cluster in NiFe-CODH, and the secondary Ni site facilitates the C-O bond activation and cleavage through electron mediation and Lewis acid characteristics. Our work underscores the significant role of bimetallic cooperation in CO2 reduction catalysis and provides valuable guidance for the rational design of CO2RR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming-Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular
Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Bairagi A, Pereverzev AY, Tinnemans P, Pidko EA, Roithová J. Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction: Monitoring of Catalytically Active, Downgraded, and Upgraded Cobalt Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5480-5492. [PMID: 38353430 PMCID: PMC10910500 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The premise of most studies on the homogeneous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a good understanding of the reaction mechanisms. Yet, analyzing the reaction intermediates formed at the working electrode is challenging and not always attainable. Here, we present a new, general approach to studying the reaction intermediates applied for CO2RR catalyzed by a series of cobalt complexes. The cobalt complexes were based on the TPA-ligands (TPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) modified by amino groups in the secondary coordination sphere. By combining the electrochemical experiments, electrochemistry-coupled electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we identify and spectroscopically characterize the key reaction intermediates in the CO2RR and the competing hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER). Additionally, the experiments revealed the rarely reported in situ changes in the secondary coordination sphere of the cobalt complexes by the CO2-initiated transformation of the amino substituents to carbamates. This launched an even faster alternative HER pathway. The interplay of three catalytic cycles, as derived from the experiments and supported by the DFT calculations, explains the trends that cobalt complexes exhibit during the CO2RR and HER. Additionally, this study demonstrates the need for a molecular perspective in the electrocatalytic activation of small molecules efficiently obtained by the EC-ESI-MS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Bairagi
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Y. Pereverzev
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Tinnemans
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny A. Pidko
- Inorganic
Systems Engineering Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Delft University of
Technology, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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10
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Sonea A, Crudo NR, Warren JJ. Understanding the Interplay of the Brønsted Acidity of Catalyst Ancillary Groups and the Solution Components in Iron-porphyrin-Mediated Carbon Dioxide Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3721-3731. [PMID: 38307036 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and efficient conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) is an ongoing challenge. Catalysts based on iron-porphyrin cores have emerged as excellent electrochemical mediators of the two proton + two electron reduction of CO2 to CO, and many of the design features that promote function are known. Of those design features, the incorporation of Brønsted acids in the second coordination sphere of the iron ion has a significant impact on catalyst turnover kinetics. The Brønsted acids are often in the form of hydroxyphenyl groups. Herein, we explore how the acidity of an ancillary 2-hydroxyphenyl group affects the performance of CO2 reduction electrocatalysts. A series of meso-5,10,15,20-tetraaryl porphyrins were prepared where only the functional group at the 5-meso position has an ionizable proton. A series of cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments reveal that the complex with -OMe positioned para to the ionizable -OH shows the largest CO2 reduction rate constants in acetonitrile solvent. This is the least acidic -OH of the compounds surveyed. The turnover frequency of the -OMe derivative can be further improved with the addition of 4-trifluoromethylphenol to the solution. In contrast, the iron-porphyrin complex with -CF3 positioned opposite the ionizable -OH shows the smallest CO2 reduction rate constants, and its turnover frequency is less enhanced with the addition of phenols to the reaction solutions. The origin of this effect is rationalized based on kinetic isotope effect experiments and density functional calculations. We conclude that catalysts with weaker internal acids coupled with stronger external acid additives provide superior CO2 reduction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nicholas R Crudo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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11
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Kamogawa K, Kato Y, Tamaki Y, Noguchi T, Nozaki K, Nakagawa T, Ishitani O. Overall reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction on a Re(i)-complex catalyst unit of a Ru(ii)-Re(i) supramolecular photocatalyst. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2074-2088. [PMID: 38332814 PMCID: PMC10848666 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06059d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhenium(i) complexes fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3(L)]n+ are mostly used and evaluated as photocatalysts and catalysts in both photochemical and electrochemical systems for CO2 reduction. However, the selective reduction mechanism of CO2 to CO is unclear, although numerous mechanistic studies have been reported. A Ru(ii)-Re(i) supramolecular photocatalyst with fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3{OC(O)OCH2CH2NR2}] (R = C2H4OH) as a catalyst unit (RuC2Re) exhibits very high efficiency, selectivity, and durability of CO formation in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions. In this work, the reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction using RuC2Re is fully clarified. Time-resolved IR (TR-IR) measurements using rapid-scan FT-IR spectroscopy with laser flash photolysis verify the formation of RuC2Re(COOH) with a carboxylic acid unit, i.e., fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3(COOH)], in the photocatalytic reaction solution. Additionally, this important intermediate is detected in an actual photocatalytic reaction using steady state irradiation. Kinetics analysis of the TR-IR spectra and DFT calculations demonstrated the reaction mechanism of the conversion of the one-electron reduced species of RuC2Re with a fac-[ReI(diimine˙-)(CO)3{OC(O)OCH2CH2NR2}]- unit, which was produced via the photochemical reduction of RuC2Re by 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH), to RuC2Re(COOH). The kinetics of the recovery processes of the starting complex RuC2Re from RuC2Re(COOH) accompanying the release of CO and OH- was also clarified. As a side reaction of RuC2Re(COOH), a long-lived carboxylate-ester complex with a fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)3(COOC2H4NR2)] unit, which was produced by the nucleophilic attack of TEOA to one of the carbonyl ligands of RuC2Re(CO) with a fac-[ReI(diimine)(CO)4]+ unit, was formed during the photocatalytic reaction. This complex works not only as a precursor in another minor CO formation process but also as an external photosensitiser that photochemically reduces the other complexes i.e., RuC2Re, RuC2Re(COOH), and the intermediate that is reductively converted to RuC2Re(COOH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kamogawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Takumi Noguchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Koichi Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduated School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama 3190, Gofuku, Toya-ma-shi Toyama 930-8555 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- UNISOKU Co., Ltd 2-4-3 Kasugano, Hirakata Osaka 573-0131 Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739 8526 Japan
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12
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Sun H, Liu X, Li Y, Zhang F, Huang X, Sun C, Huang F. Mechanistic insights of electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction by Mn complexes: synergistic effects of the ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1663-1672. [PMID: 38168800 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic mechanisms of CO2 reduction catalyzed by pyridine-oxazoline (pyrox)-based Mn catalysts were investigated by DFT calculations. In-depth comparative analyses of pyrox-based and bipyridine-based Mn complexes were carried out. C-OH cleavage is the rate-determining step for both the protonation-first path and the reduction-first path. The free energy of CO2 activation (ΔG1) and the electrons donated by CO ligands in this step are effective descriptors in regulating the C-OH cleavage barrier. The reduction of carboxylate complex 6 (E6) is the potential-determining step for the reduction-first path. Meanwhile, for the protonation-first path, the initial generation (E2) or the regeneration (E8) of active catalyst might be potential-determining. Hirshfeld charge and orbital contribution analysis indicate that E6 is definitely based on the heterocyclic ligand and E2 is related to both the heterocyclic ligand and three CO ligands. Therefore, replacement of the CO ligand by a stronger electron donating ligand can effectively boost the catalytic activity of CO2 reduction without increasing the overpotential in the reduction-first path. This hypothesis is supported by the mechanism calculations of the Mn complex in which the axial CO ligand is replaced by a pyridine or PMe3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuxiu Huang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Assets and Laboratory Management, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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13
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Yong WW, Zhang HT, Guo YH, Xie F, Zhang MT. Redox-Active Ligand Assisted Multielectron Catalysis: A Case of Electrocatalyzed CO 2-to-CO Conversion. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:384-392. [PMID: 38075450 PMCID: PMC10704577 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
The selective reduction of carbon dioxide remains a significant challenge due to the complex multielectron/proton transfer process, which results in a high kinetic barrier and the production of diverse products. Inspired by the electrostatic and H-bonding interactions observed in the second sphere of the [NiFe]-CODH enzyme, researchers have extensively explored these interactions to regulate proton transfer, stabilize intermediates, and ultimately improve the performance of catalytic CO2 reduction. In this work, a series of cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrins with varying numbers of redox-active nitro groups were synthesized and evaluated as CO2 reduction electrocatalysts. Analyses of the redox properties of these complexes revealed a consistent relationship between the number of nitro groups and the corresponding accepted electron number of the ligand at -1.59 V vs. Fc+/0. Among the catalysts tested, TNPPCo with four nitro groups exhibited the most efficient catalytic activity with a turnover frequency of 4.9 × 104 s-1 and a catalytic onset potential 820 mV more positive than that of the parent TPPCo. Furthermore, the turnover frequencies of the catalysts increased with a higher number of nitro groups. These results demonstrate the promising design strategy of incorporating multielectron redox-active ligands into CO2 reduction catalysts to enhance catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Yong
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute
of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Jiangyou 621908, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu-Hua Guo
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming-Tian Zhang
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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Gelman-Tropp S, Kirillov E, Hey-Hawkins E, Gelman D. Hydrogenation of CO 2 by a Bifunctional PC(sp 3 )P Iridium(III) Pincer Complex Equipped with Tertiary Amine as a Functional Group. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301915. [PMID: 37602815 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Reversible hydrogen storage in the form of stable and mostly harmless chemical substances such as formic acid (FA) is a cornerstone of a fossil fuels-free economy. In the past, we have reported a primary amine-functionalized bifunctional iridium(III)-PC(sp3 )P pincer complex as a mild and chemoselective catalyst for the additive-free decomposition of neat formic acid. In this manuscript, we report on the successful application of a redesigned complex bearing tertiary amine functionality as a catalyst for mild hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid. The catalyst demonstrates TON up to 6×104 and TOF up to 1.7×104 h-1 . In addition to the practical value of the catalyst, experimental and computational mechanistic studies provide the rationale for the design of improved next-generation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Gelman-Tropp
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dmitri Gelman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Edmond Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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15
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Singh KK, Gerke CS, Saund SS, Zito AM, Siegler MA, Thoi VS. CO 2 Activation with Manganese Tricarbonyl Complexes through an H-Atom Responsive Benzimidazole Ligand. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300796. [PMID: 37519094 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of two manganese tricarbonyl complexes, MnI (HL)(CO)3 Br (1 a-Br) and MnI (MeL)(CO)3 Br (1 b-Br) (where HL=2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole; MeL=1-methyl-2-(2'-pyridy)benzimidazole) and assayed their electrocatalytic properties for CO2 reduction. A redox-active pyridine benzimidazole ancillary ligand in complex 1 a-Br displayed unique hydrogen atom transfer ability to facilitate electrocatalytic CO2 conversion at a markedly lower reduction potential than that observed for 1 b-Br. Notably, a one-electron reduction of 1 a-Br yields a structurally characterized H-bonded binuclear Mn(I) adduct (2 a') rather than the typically observed Mn(0)-Mn(0) dimer, suggesting a novel method for CO2 activation. Combining advanced electrochemical, spectroscopic, and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, we demonstrate the use of an H-atom responsive ligand may reveal an alternative, low-energy pathway for CO2 activation by an earth-abundant metal complex catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan K Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Carter S Gerke
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Simran S Saund
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Alessandra M Zito
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - V Sara Thoi
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
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16
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Qing Y, Wu Q, He S, Zhang P, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Huang F, Li F, Chen L. Effects of proton tunneling distance on CO 2 reduction by Mn terpyridine species. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:14309-14313. [PMID: 37779480 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report two manganese terpyridine dicarbonyl complexes, covalently attached to a proximal (1) or distal (2) amide moiety at the ortho position of the pendent phenyl ring as a proton relay. The isomer 1 achieves a turnover frequency (TOF) of 325 s-1 with a minor overpotential of ca. 200 mV. The performance ranks it among the most efficient molecular catalysts for CO2-to-CO conversion, and it is ca.2 orders faster than isomer 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Qianqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Shuanglin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.
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17
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Seth R, Singh A. Rational design of co-ordination compounds in combination of bipyridine type of ligands and group 7 metal (M = Mn, Re) for photoCORM: a DFT study. J Mol Model 2023; 29:306. [PMID: 37676553 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A large number of manganese and rhenium tricarbonyl complexes are known in literature along with various applications in different fields. CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) got recent research attention because CO can act as a prodrug for different diseases. CORMs offer the promising prospect of a safe and controllable amount of CO release. In this research work, we have explored the electronic properties of compounds such as bipyridine-related [Mn(CO)3] and [Re(CO)3] and we have compared the electronic properties of both manganese and rhenium tricarbonyl complexes in the light of carbon monoxide releasing tendency. The chosen Mn and Re metals have enough possibility to vary or play with ligands and design a new and novel CORM molecule. In this context, we have taken a range of 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2' bipyridyl ligands (Rbpy, where R = NH2, tBu, OCH3, H, CF3, CN, NO2) to investigate CO's liberation ability to identify and study such molecules. The calculated absorbance of designed complexes (1-14) shows visible/near-IR region (350-850 nm). The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 7 (ΔE=2.40 eV) complex and for complex 14 (ΔE=2.28 eV) which is lesser in all complexes but the MLCT percentage is greater in Mn tricarbonyl complexes in comparison to Re tricarbonyl complexes. The calculated results of the FMO approach revealed that complex 7 and 14 have the lowest energy gap which is also in good agreement with DOSs and TDM results. The theoretically calculated results revealed that the both Mn and Re tricarbonyl complexes have a tendency for labialization of CO, but Mn tricarbonyl complexes are more prone to CO release because they have higher MLCT percentage. METHODS In this research work, we have performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the physical properties of compounds such as bipyridine-related [Mn(CO)3] and [Re(CO)3] and we have compared the physical properties of both manganese and rhenium tricarbonyl complexes in the light of carbon monoxide releasing tendency. DFT-based calculations were performed by using B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis set followed by acetonitrile solvent using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) for different calculations. Various geometrical calculations were performed using the Gaussian16 suite of programs and the output results obtained from Gaussian16 were visualized using GaussView 5.0.16. The same level of theory was used for various calculations, including frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT), density of state (DOS) calculations, and transition density of matrix (TDM) calculations. For specific calculations, GaussSum 2.2 software package was used to calculate the density of states, and the Multiwfn 3.8 program was used to analyze the transition density matrix, which is presented using heat maps for both electrons and holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Seth
- Department of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, V. B. S. Purvanchal University Jaunpur, UP, Jaunpur, 222003, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, V. B. S. Purvanchal University Jaunpur, UP, Jaunpur, 222003, India.
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18
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Hong W, Luthra M, Jakobsen JB, Madsen MR, Castro AC, Hammershøj HCD, Pedersen SU, Balcells D, Skrydstrup T, Daasbjerg K, Nova A. Exploring the Parameters Controlling Product Selectivity in Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction in Competition with Hydrogen Evolution Employing Manganese Bipyridine Complexes. ACS Catal 2023; 13:3109-3119. [PMID: 36910875 PMCID: PMC9990071 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Selective reduction of CO2 is an efficient solution for producing nonfossil-based chemical feedstocks and simultaneously alleviating the increasing atmospheric concentration of this greenhouse gas. With this aim, molecular electrocatalysts are being extensively studied, although selectivity remains an issue. In this work, a combined experimental-computational study explores how the molecular structure of Mn-based complexes determines the dominant product in the reduction of CO2 to HCOOH, CO, and H2. In contrast to previous Mn(bpy-R)(CO)3Br catalysts containing alkyl amines in the vicinity of the Br ligand, here, we report that bpy-based macrocycles locking these amines at the side opposite to the Br ligand change the product selectivity from HCOOH to H2. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the active species showed that free rotation of the Mn(CO)3 moiety allows for the approach of the protonated amine to the reactive center yielding a Mn-hydride intermediate, which is the key in the formation of H2 and HCOOH. Additional studies with DFT methods showed that the macrocyclic moiety hinders the insertion of CO2 to the metal hydride favoring the formation of H2 over HCOOH. Further, our results suggest that the minor CO product observed experimentally is formed when CO2 adds to Mn on the side opposite to the amine ligand before protonation. These results show how product selectivity can be modulated by ligand design in Mn-based catalysts, providing atomistic details that can be leveraged in the development of a fully selective system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Hong
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mahika Luthra
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joakim B Jakobsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Monica R Madsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Abril C Castro
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans Christian D Hammershøj
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen U Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) CO2 Research Center, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF) CO2 Research Center, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ainara Nova
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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19
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Florian J, Cole JM. Analyzing Structure-Activity Variations for Mn-Carbonyl Complexes in the Reduction of CO 2 to CO. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:318-335. [PMID: 36541860 PMCID: PMC9832541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 often suffer from low stability, activity, and selectivity, or a combination thereof. Mn-carbonyl complexes represent a promising class of molecular electrocatalysts for the reduction of CO2 to CO as they are able to promote this reaction at relatively mild overpotentials, whereby rare-earth metals are not required. The electronic and geometric structure of the reaction center of these molecular electrocatalysts is precisely known and can be tuned via ligand modifications. However, ligand characteristics that are required to achieve high catalytic turnover at minimal overpotential remain unclear. We consider 55 Mn-carbonyl complexes, which have previously been synthesized and characterized experimentally. Four intermediates were identified that are common across all catalytic mechanisms proposed for Mn-carbonyl complexes, and their structures were used to calculate descriptors for each of the 55 Mn-carbonyl complexes. These electronic-structure-based descriptors encompass the binding energies, the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, and partial charges. Trends in turnover frequency and overpotential with these descriptors were analyzed to afford meaningful physical insights into what ligand characteristics lead to good catalytic performance, and how this is affected by the reaction conditions. These insights can be expected to significantly contribute to the rational design of more active Mn-carbonyl electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Florian
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jacqueline M. Cole
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.,ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus for Science and Innovation, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.,
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20
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Christensen O, Zhao S, Sun Z, Bagger A, Lauritsen JV, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K, Rossmeisl J. Can the CO 2 Reduction Reaction Be Improved on Cu: Selectivity and Intrinsic Activity of Functionalized Cu Surfaces. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
| | - Siqi Zhao
- Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus8000, Denmark
| | - Zhaozong Sun
- iNano, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus8000, Denmark
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
| | | | | | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation CO2 Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus8000, Denmark
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen2100, Denmark
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21
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Guo H, Liang Z, Guo K, Lei H, Wang Y, Zhang W, Cao R. Iron porphyrin with appended guanidyl group for significantly improved electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction activity and selectivity in aqueous solutions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Le TH, Nguyen H, Arnold HA, Darensbourg DJ, Darensbourg MY. Chirality-Guided Isomerization of Mn 2S 2 Diamond Core Complexes: A Mechanistic Study. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:16405-16413. [PMID: 36194618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Occasioned by the discovery of a ligand transfer from M(N2S2) to MnI in Mn(CO)5Br, the resulting H2N2S2 ligand-tethered dimanganese complex, (μ4-N,N'-ethylenebis(mercaptoacetamide))[Mn2(CO)6], was found to have myriad analogues of the type (μ-S-E)2[Mn2(CO)6], making up an under-studied class containing Mn2S2 rhombs. The attempt to synthesize a nontethered version resulted in a solid-state structure in an anti-conformation. However, a direct comparison of the Fourier-transform infrared spectra of the tethered versus nontethered complexes in combination with theoretical frequency calculation suggested the coexistence of syn- and anti-isomers and their interconversion in solution. Analysis of the syn- versus anti-version of the dimanganese components led to the understanding that whereas the anti-form exists as centrosymmetric RS isomers, the syn-form is restricted by C2 symmetry to be either RR or SS. Molecular scrambling experiments indicated monomeric, pentacoordinate, 16-e- (S-O)Mn(CO)3 intermediates with lifetimes sufficiently long to sample R and S monomers. Density functional theory analysis of the mechanistic pathway and a kinetic study corroborated that the proposed isomerization involves the cleavage and reformation of the dimeric structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung H Le
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College StationTexas77845, United States
| | - Hao Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College StationTexas77845, United States
| | - Heather A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College StationTexas77845, United States
| | - Donald J Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College StationTexas77845, United States
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23
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Blasczak V, McKinnon M, Suntrup L, Aminudin NA, Reed B, Groysman S, Ertem MZ, Grills DC, Rochford J. Steric and Lewis Basicity Influence of the Second Coordination Sphere on Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction by Manganese Bipyridyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15784-15800. [PMID: 36162397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to provide a greater insight into the balance between steric (bpy vs (Ph)2bpy vs mes2bpy ligands) and Lewis basic ((Ph)2bpy vs (MeOPh)2bpy vs (MeSPh)2bpy ligands) influence on the efficiencies of the protonation-first vs reduction-first CO2 reduction mechanisms with [MnI(R2bpy)(CO)3(CH3CN)]+ precatalysts, and on their respective transition-state geometries/energies for rate-determining C-OH bond cleavage toward CO evolution. The presence of only modest steric bulk at the 6,6'-diphenyl-2,2'-bipyridyl ((Ph)2bpy) ligand has here allowed unique insight into the mechanism of catalyst activation and CO2 binding by navigating a perfect medium between the nonsterically encumbered bpy-based and the highly sterically encumbered mes2bpy-based precatalysts. Cyclic voltammetry conducted in CO2-saturated electrolyte for the (Ph)2bpy-based precatalyst [2-CH3CN]+ confirms that CO2 binding occurs at the two-electron-reduced activated catalyst [2]- in the absence of an excess proton source, in contrast to prior assumptions that all manganese catalysts require a strong acid for CO2 binding. This observation is supported by computed free energies of the parent-child reaction for [Mn-Mn]0 dimer formation, where increased steric hindrance relative to the bpy-based precatalyst correlates with favorable CO2 binding. A critical balance must be adhered to, however, as the absence of steric bulk in the bpy-based precatalyst [1-CH3CN]+ maintains a lower overpotential than [2-CH3CN]+ at the protonation-first pathway with comparable kinetic performance, whereas an ∼2-fold greater TOFmax is observed at its reduction-first pathway with an almost identical overpotential as [2-CH3CN]+. Notably, excessive steric bulk in the mes2bpy-based precatalyst [3-CH3CN]+ results in increased activation free energies of the C-OH bond cleavage transition states for both the protonation-first and the reduction-first pathways relative to both [1-CH3CN]+ and [2-CH3CN]+. In fact, [3-CH3CN]+ requires a 1 V window beyond its onset potential to reach its peak catalytic current, which is in contrast to the narrower (<0.30 V) potential response window of the remaining catalysts here studied. Voltammetry recorded under 1 atm of CO2 with 2.8 M (5%) H2O establishes [2-CH3CN]+ to have the lowest overpotential (η = 0.75 V) in the series here studied, attributed to its ability to lie "on the fence" when providing sufficient steric bulk to hinder (but not prevent) [Mn-Mn]0 dimerization, while simultaneously having a limited steric impact on the free energy of activation for the rate-determining C-OH bond cleavage transition state. While the methoxyphenyl bpy-based precatalyst [4-CH3CN]+ possesses an increased steric presence relative to [2-CH3CN]+, this is offset by its capacity to stabilize the C-OH bond cleavage transition states of both the protonation-first and the reduction-first pathways by facilitating second coordination sphere H-bonding stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanna Blasczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts─Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Meaghan McKinnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts─Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Lisa Suntrup
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts─Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Nur Alisa Aminudin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts─Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Blake Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Stanislav Groysman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Mehmed Z Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Jonathan Rochford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts─Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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24
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Molecular Engineering of Metal Complexes for Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction: From Adjustment of Intrinsic Activity to Molecular Immobilization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205301. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Grills DC, Layne BH, Wishart JF. Coupling Pulse Radiolysis with Nanosecond Time-Resolved Step-Scan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Broadband Mid-Infrared Detection of Radiolytically Generated Transients. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:1142-1153. [PMID: 35414202 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221097429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first implementation of broadband, nanosecond time-resolved step-scan Fourier transform infrared (S2-FT-IR) spectroscopy at a pulse radiolysis facility. This new technique allows the rapid acquisition of nano- to microsecond time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectra of transient species generated by pulse radiolysis of liquid samples at a pulsed electron accelerator. Wide regions of the mid-infrared can be probed in a single experiment, which often takes < 20-30 min to complete. It is therefore a powerful method for rapidly locating the IR absorptions of short-lived, radiation-induced species in solution, and for directly monitoring their subsequent reactions. Time-resolved step-scan FT-IR detection for pulse radiolysis thus complements our existing narrowband quantum cascade laser-based pulse radiolysis-TRIR detection system, which is more suitable for acquiring single-shot kinetics and narrowband TRIR spectra on small-volume samples and in strongly absorbing solvents, such as water. We have demonstrated the application of time-resolved step-scan FT-IR spectroscopy to pulse radiolysis by probing the metal carbonyl and organic carbonyl vibrations of the one-electron-reduced forms of two Re-based CO2 reduction catalysts in acetonitrile solution. Transient IR absorption bands with amplitudes on the order of 1 × 10-3 are easily detected on the sub-microsecond timescale using electron pulses as short as 250 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Grills
- Chemistry Division, 8099Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Bobby H Layne
- Chemistry Division, 8099Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - James F Wishart
- Chemistry Division, 8099Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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26
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Dual electronic effects achieving a high-performance Ni(II) pincer catalyst for CO 2 photoreduction in a noble-metal-free system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119267119. [PMID: 35998222 PMCID: PMC9436338 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119267119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A carbazolide-bis(NHC) NiII catalyst (1; NHC, N-heterocyclic carbene) for selective CO2 photoreduction was designed herein by a one-stone-two-birds strategy. The extended π-conjugation and the strong σ/π electron-donation characteristics (two birds) of the carbazolide fragment (one stone) lead to significantly enhanced activity for photoreduction of CO2 to CO. The turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) of 1 were ninefold and eightfold higher than those of the reported pyridinol-bis(NHC) NiII complex at the same catalyst concentration using an identical Ir photosensitizer, respectively, with a selectivity of ∼100%. More importantly, an organic dye was applied to displace the Ir photosensitizer to develop a noble-metal-free photocatalytic system, which maintained excellent performance and obtained an outstanding quantum yield of 11.2%. Detailed investigations combining experimental and computational studies revealed the catalytic mechanism, which highlights the potential of the one-stone-two-birds effect.
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27
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Scherpf T, Carr CR, Donnelly LJ, Dubrawski ZS, Gelfand BS, Piers WE. A Mesoionic Carbene-Pyridine Bidentate Ligand That Improves Stability in Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction by a Molecular Manganese Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13644-13656. [PMID: 35981323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tricarbonyl Group 7 complexes have a longstanding history as efficacious CO2 electroreduction catalysts. Typically, these complexes feature an auxiliary 2,2'-bipyridine ligand that assists in redox steps by delocalizing the electron density into the ligand orbitals. While this feature lends to an accessible redox potential for CO2 electroreduction, it also presents challenges for electrocatalysis with Mn because the electron density is removed from metal-ligand bonding orbitals. The results presented here thus introduce a mesoionic carbene (MIC) as a potent ligand platform to promote Mn-based electrocatalysis. The strong σ donation of the N,C-bidentate MIC is shown to help centralize the electron density on the Mn center while also maintaining relevant redox potentials for CO2 electroreduction. Mechanistic investigation supports catalytic turnover at two operative potentials separated by 400 mV. In the low operating potential regime at -1.54 V, Mn(0) species catalyze CO2 to CO and CO32-, which has a maximum rate of 7 ± 5 s-1 and is stable for up to 30.7 h. At higher operating potential at -1.94 V, "Mn(-1)" catalyzes CO2 to CO and H2O with faster turnovers of 200 ± 100 s-1, with the trade-off being less stability at 6.7 h. The relative stabilities of Mn complexes bearing MIC and 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine were compared by evaluation under the same electrolysis conditions and therefore elucidated that the MIC promotes longevity for CO evolution throughout a 5 h period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Scherpf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Cody R Carr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Laurie J Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zachary S Dubrawski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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28
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Shipp J, Parker S, Spall S, Peralta-Arriaga SL, Robertson CC, Chekulaev D, Portius P, Turega S, Buckley A, Rothman R, Weinstein JA. Photocatalytic Reduction of CO 2 to CO in Aqueous Solution under Red-Light Irradiation by a Zn-Porphyrin-Sensitized Mn(I) Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13281-13292. [PMID: 35960651 PMCID: PMC9446891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
This work demonstrates photocatalytic CO2 reduction
by a noble-metal-free photosensitizer-catalyst system in aqueous solution
under red-light irradiation. A water-soluble Mn(I) tricarbonyl diimine
complex, [MnBr(4,4′-{Et2O3PCH2}2-2,2′-bipyridyl)(CO)3] (1), has been fully characterized, including single-crystal X-ray crystallography,
and shown to reduce CO2 to CO following photosensitization
by tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin Zn(II) tetrachloride
[Zn(TMPyP)]Cl4 (2) under 625 nm irradiation.
This is the first example of 2 employed as a photosensitizer
for CO2 reduction. The incorporation of −P(O)(OEt)2 groups, decoupled from the core of the catalyst by a −CH2– spacer, afforded water solubility without compromising
the electronic properties of the catalyst. The photostability of the
active Mn(I) catalyst over prolonged periods of irradiation with red
light was confirmed by 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. This first report on Mn(I) species as a homogeneous
photocatalyst, working in water and under red light, illustrates further
future prospects of intrinsically photounstable Mn(I) complexes as
solar-driven catalysts in an aqueous environment. A Mn(I) bipyridyl tricarbonyl complex,
where the diimine
ligand is functionalized with water-solubilizing phosphonate ester
groups, has been prepared and is shown to catalytically convert CO2 to CO in aqueous solution following photosensitization from
a water-soluble Zn(II) porphyrin under red-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shipp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven Spall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Craig C Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Peter Portius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Simon Turega
- Department of Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, U.K
| | - Alastair Buckley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Rachael Rothman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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29
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Yang ZW, Chen JM, Qiu LQ, Xie WJ, He LN. Molecular Engineering of Metal Complexes for Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction: From Adjustment of Intrinsic Activity to Molecular Immobilization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Yang
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Inst. Elemento-Org. Chem. CHINA
| | - Jin-Mei Chen
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Inst. Elemento-Org. Chem. CHINA
| | - Li-Qi Qiu
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Inst. Elemento-Org. Chem. CHINA
| | - Wen-Jun Xie
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Inst. Elemento-Org. Chem. CHINA
| | - Liang-Nian He
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Weijin Rd. 94 300071 Tianjin CHINA
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30
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Electrochemical and Light-driven CO2 reduction by Amine-Functionalized rhenium Catalysts: A comparison between primary and tertiary amine substitutions. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Lei K, Yu Xia B. Electrocatalytic CO
2
Reduction: from Discrete Molecular Catalysts to Their Integrated Catalytic Materials. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200141. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lei
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education) Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
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32
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Hellman AN, Intrator JA, Choate J, Velazquez DA, Marinescu SC. Primary- and secondary-sphere effects of amine substituent position on rhenium bipyridine electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Siritanaratkul B, Eagle C, Cowan AJ. Manganese Carbonyl Complexes as Selective Electrocatalysts for CO 2 Reduction in Water and Organic Solvents. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:955-965. [PMID: 35285618 PMCID: PMC9007415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The electrochemical
reduction
of CO2 provides a way
to sustainably generate carbon-based fuels and feedstocks. Molecular
CO2 reduction electrocatalysts provide tunable reaction
centers offering an approach to control the selectivity of catalysis.
Manganese carbonyl complexes, based on [Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br]
and its derivatives (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), are particularly
interesting due to their ease of synthesis and the use of a first-row
earth-abundant transition metal. [Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br] was first
shown to be an active and selective catalyst for reducing CO2 to CO in organic solvents in 2011. Since then, manganese carbonyl
catalysts have been widely studied with numerous reports of their
use as electrocatalysts and photocatalysts and studies of their mechanism. This class of Mn catalysts only shows CO2 reduction
activity with the addition of weak Brønsted acids. Perhaps surprisingly,
early reports showed increased turnover frequencies as the acid strength
is increased without a loss in selectivity toward CO evolution. It
may have been expected that the competing hydrogen evolution
reaction could have led to lower selectivity. Inspired by these works
we began to explore if the catalyst would work in protic solvents,
namely, water, and to explore the pH range over which it can operate.
Here we describe the early studies from our laboratory that first
demonstrated the use of manganese carbonyl complexes in water and
then go on to discuss wider developments on the use of these catalysts
in water, highlighting their potential as catalysts for use in aqueous
CO2 electrolyzers. Key to the excellent selectivity
of these catalysts in the presence
of Brønsted acids is a proton-assisted CO2 binding
mechanism, where for the acids widely studied, lower pKa values actually favor CO2 binding over Mn–H
formation, a precursor to H2 evolution. Here we discuss
the wider literature before focusing on our own contributions in validating
this previously proposed mechanism through the use of vibrational
sum frequency generation (VSFG) spectroelectrochemistry. This allowed
us to study [Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br] while it is at, or near, the
electrode surface, which provided a way to identify new catalytic
intermediates and also confirm that proton-assisted CO2 binding operates in both the “dimer” and primary (via
[Mn(bpy)(CO)3]−) pathways. Understanding
the mechanism of how these highly selective catalysts operate is important
as we propose that the Mn complexes will be valuable models to guide
the development of new proton/acid tolerant CO2 reduction
catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin Siritanaratkul
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and the Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K
| | - Catherine Eagle
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and the Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K
| | - Alexander J. Cowan
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy and the Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, U.K
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Fujita E, Grills DC, Manbeck GF, Polyansky DE. Understanding the Role of Inter- and Intramolecular Promoters in Electro- and Photochemical CO 2 Reduction Using Mn, Re, and Ru Catalysts. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:616-628. [PMID: 35133133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recycling of carbon dioxide to fuels and chemicals is a promising strategy for renewable energy storage. Carbon dioxide conversion can be achieved by (i) artificial photosynthesis using photoinduced electrons; (ii) electrolysis using electricity produced by photovoltaics; and (iii) thermal CO2 hydrogenation using renewable H2. The focus of our group's research is on molecular catalysts, in particular coordination complexes of transition metals (e.g., Mn, Re, and Ru), which offer versatile platforms for mechanistic studies of photo- and electrochemical CO2 reduction. The interactions of catalytic intermediates with Lewis or Brønsted acids, hydrogen-bonding moieties, solvents, cations, etc., that function as promoters or cofactors have become increasingly important for efficient catalysis. These interactions may have dramatic effects on selectivity and rates by stabilizing intermediates or lowering transition state barriers, but they are difficult to elucidate and challenging to predict. We have been carrying out experimental and theoretical studies of CO2 reduction using molecular catalysts toward addressing mechanisms of efficient CO2 reduction systems with emphasis on those containing intramolecular (or pendent) and intermolecular (solution phase) additives. This Account describes the identification of reaction intermediates produced during CO2 reduction in the presence of triethanolamine or ionic liquids, the benefits of hydrogen-bonding interactions among intermediates or cofactors, and the complications of pendent phenolic donors/phenoxide bases under electrochemical conditions.Triethanolamine (TEOA) is a common sacrificial electron donor for photosensitizer excited state reductive quenching and has a long history of use in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. It also functions as a Brønsted base in conjunction with more potent sacrificial electron donors, such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIH). Deprotonation of the BIH•+ cation radical promotes irreversible photoinduced electron transfer by preventing charge recombination. Despite its wide use, most research to date has not considered the broader reactions of TEOA, including its direct interaction with CO2 or its influence on catalytic intermediates. We found that in acetonitrile, TEOA captures CO2 in the form of a zwitterionic adduct without any metal catalyst. In the presence of ruthenium carbonyl catalysts bearing α-diimine ligands, it participates in metal hydride formation, accelerates hydride transfer to CO2 to form the bound formate intermediate, and assists in the dissociation of formate anion from the catalyst ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 2413-2428).Hydrogen bonding and acid/base promoters are understood to interact with key catalytic intermediates, such as the metallocarboxylate or metallocarboxylic acid during CO2 reduction. The former is a high energy species, and hydrogen-bonding or Lewis acid-stabilization are beneficial. We have found that imidazolium-based ionic liquid cations can stabilize the doubly reduced form of the [ReCl(bpy)(CO)3] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) electrocatalyst through both hydrogen-bonding and π-π interactions, resulting in CO2 reduction occurring at a more positive potential with a higher catalytic current ( J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 5, 2033-2038). Hydrogen bonding interactions between Lewis basic methoxy groups in the second coordination sphere of a Mn-based catalyst and the OH group of the Mn-COOH intermediate in the presence of a Brønsted acid were also found to promote C-(OH) bond cleavage, enabling access to a low-energy protonation-first pathway for CO2 reduction ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 2604-2618).The kinetics of forming the metallocarboxylic acid can be enhanced by internal acids, and its proton-induced C-OH bond cleavage to the metallocarbonyl and H2O is often the rate-limiting step. Therefore, proton movement organized by pendent hydrogen-bonding networks may also accelerate this step. In contrast, during electrolysis, OH groups in the second coordination sphere are deprotonated to the oxyanions, which deter catalytic CO2 reduction by directly binding CO2 to form the carbonate or by making an M-O bond in competition with CO2 binding ( Inorg. Chem. 2016, 55, 4582-4594). Our results emphasize that detailed mechanistic research is critical in discovering the design principles for improved catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Fujita
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - David C. Grills
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Gerald F. Manbeck
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Dmitry E. Polyansky
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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35
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Johnson EM, Liu JJ, Samuel AD, Haiges R, Marinescu SC. Switching Catalyst Selectivity via the Introduction of a Pendant Nitrophenyl Group. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1316-1326. [PMID: 35021006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of abundant small molecules to value-added products serves as an attractive method to store renewable energy in chemical bonds. A family of macrocyclic cobalt aminopyridine complexes was previously reported to reduce CO2 to CO with 98% faradaic efficiency through the formation of hydrogen-bonding networks and with the number of secondary amines affecting catalyst performance. One of these aminopyridine macrocycles, (NH)1(NMe)3-bridged calix[4]pyridine (L5), was modified with a nitrophenyl group to form LNO2 and metalated with a cobalt(II) precursor to generate CoLNO2, which would allow for probing the positioning and steric effects on catalysis. The addition of a nitrophenyl moiety to the ligand backbone results in a drastic shift in selectivity. Large current increases in the presence of added protons and CoLNO2 are observed under both N2 and CO2. The current increases under N2 are ∼30 times larger than the ones under CO2, suggesting a change in the selectivity of CoLNO2 to favor H2 production versus CO2 reduction. H2 is determined to be the dominant reduction product by gas chromatography, reaching faradaic efficiencies up to 76% under N2 with TFE and 71% under CO2 with H2O, in addition to small amounts of formate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) reveals the presence of a cobalt-containing heterogeneous deposit on the working electrode surface, indicating the addition of the nitrophenyl group reduces the electrochemical stability of the catalyst. These observed catalytic behaviors are demonstrably different relative to the tetra-NH bridged macrocycle, which shows 98% faradaic efficiency for CO2-to-CO conversion with TFE, highlighting the importance of pendant hydrogen bond donors and electrochemically robust functional groups for selective CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Adam D Samuel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ralf Haiges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Smaranda C Marinescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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36
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Nie W, McCrory C. Strategies for Breaking Molecular Scaling Relationships for the Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Reaction. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6993-7010. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00333c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a promising strategy for converting CO2 to fuels and value-added chemicals using renewable energy sources. Molecular electrocatalysts show promise for the selective conversion...
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37
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Tarrago M, Ye S, Neese F. Electronic structure analysis of electrochemical CO2 reduction by iron-porphyrins reveals basic requirements to design catalysts bearing non-innocent ligands. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10029-10047. [PMID: 36128248 PMCID: PMC9430493 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction is a possible solution to the increasing CO2 concentration in the earth atmosphere, because it enables storage of energy while using the harmful CO2 feedstock as starting...
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Tarrago
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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38
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Highly active electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with manganese N-heterocyclic carbene pincer by para electronic tuning. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Gonell S, Assaf EA, Lloret-Fillol J, Miller AJM. An Iron Bis(carbene) Catalyst for Low Overpotential CO 2 Electroreduction to CO: Mechanistic Insights from Kinetic Zone Diagrams, Spectroscopy, and Theory. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gonell
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Eric A. Assaf
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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40
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Madsen MR, Rønne MH, Heuschen M, Golo D, Ahlquist MSG, Skrydstrup T, Pedersen SU, Daasbjerg K. Promoting Selective Generation of Formic Acid from CO 2 Using Mn(bpy)(CO) 3Br as Electrocatalyst and Triethylamine/Isopropanol as Additives. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20491-20500. [PMID: 34813304 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Urgent solutions are needed to efficiently convert the greenhouse gas CO2 into higher-value products. In this work, fac-Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) is employed as electrocatalyst in reductive CO2 conversion. It is shown that product selectivity can be shifted from CO toward HCOOH using appropriate additives, i.e., Et3N along with iPrOH. A crucial aspect of the strategy is to outrun the dimer-generating parent-child reaction involving fac-Mn(bpy)(CO)3Br and [Mn(bpy)(CO)3]- and instead produce the Mn hydride intermediate. Preferentially, this is done at the first reduction wave to enable formation of HCOOH at an overpotential as low as 260 mV and with faradaic efficiency of 59 ± 1%. The latter may be increased to 71 ± 3% at an overpotential of 560 mV, using 2 M concentrations of both Et3N and iPrOH. The nature of the amine additive is crucial for product selectivity, as the faradaic efficiency for HCOOH formation decreases to 13 ± 4% if Et3N is replaced with Et2NH. The origin of this difference lies in the ability of Et3N/iPrOH to establish an equilibrium solution of isopropyl carbonate and CO2, while with Et2NH/iPrOH, formation of the diethylcarbamic acid is favored. According to density-functional theory calculations, CO2 in the former case can take part favorably in the catalytic cycle, while this is less opportune in the latter case because of the CO2-to-carbamic acid conversion. This work presents a straightforward procedure for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to HCOOH by combining an easily synthesized manganese catalyst with commercially available additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica R Madsen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Magnus H Rønne
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marvin Heuschen
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Dusanka Golo
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten S G Ahlquist
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Steen U Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department of Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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41
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Liu JJ, Chapovetsky A, Haiges R, Marinescu SC. Effects of Protonation State on Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction by a Cobalt Aminopyridine Macrocyclic Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17517-17528. [PMID: 34761920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A critical component in the reduction of CO2 to CO and H2O is the delivery of 2 equiv of protons and electrons to the CO2 molecule. The timing and sequencing of these proton and electron transfer steps are essential factors in directing the activity and selectivity for catalytic CO2 reduction. In previous studies, we have reported a series of macrocyclic aminopyridine cobalt complexes capable of reducing CO2 to CO with high faradaic efficiencies. Kinetic investigations reveal a relationship between the observed rate constant (kobs) and the number of pendant amine hydrogen bond donors minus one, suggesting the presence of a deprotonated active catalytic state. Herein, we investigate the feasibility of these proposed deprotonated complexes toward CO2 reduction. Two deprotonated derivatives, Co(L4-) and Co(L2-), of the tetraamino macrocycle Co(L) were independently synthesized and structurally characterized revealing extensive delocalization of the negative charge upon deprotonation. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible titration studies confirm that under catalytic conditions, the active form of the catalyst gradually becomes deprotonated, supporting thus the ndonor - 1 relationship with kobs. Electrochemical studies of Co(L4-) reveal that this deprotonated analogue is competent for electrocatalysis upon addition of an exogenous weak acid source, such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, resulting in faradaic efficiencies for CO2-to-CO conversion identical to those observed with the fully protonated derivative (>98%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Alon Chapovetsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ralf Haiges
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Smaranda C Marinescu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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42
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He S, Huang F, Wu Q, Zhang P, Xiong Y, Yang J, Zhang R, Wang F, Chen L, Liu TL, Li F. Multiple‐Site Concerted Proton–Electron Transfer in a Manganese‐Based Complete Functional Model for [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University College of Chemistry Logan Utah 84318 USA
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang 621010 P. R. China
| | - T. Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University College of Chemistry Logan Utah 84318 USA
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
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43
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He S, Huang F, Wu Q, Zhang P, Xiong Y, Yang J, Zhang R, Wang F, Chen L, Liu TL, Li F. Multiple-Site Concerted Proton-Electron Transfer in a Manganese-Based Complete Functional Model for [FeFe]-Hydrogenase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25839-25845. [PMID: 34595813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The active site of [FeFe]-hydrogenase (H2 ase) is preorganized with an amine (azadithiolate) as a proton relay and a [4Fe4S] subunit as an electron reservoir, which together lower the overpotential for proton reduction and hydrogen oxidation by multiple-site concerted proton-electron transfer (MS-CPET). Herein, we report a mononuclear manganese complex, fac-[Mn(CO)3 (6-(2-hydroxyphenol)-2-pyridine-2-quinoline) Br] (1), as a rare model to fully mimic the functions of the H2 ase. In 1, a redox-active bidentate ligand with a pendent phenol replicates the roles of the electron reservoir and the proton relay in the enzyme. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed two consecutive MS-CPET processes in the catalytic cycle, in each of which an electron stored in the reductive ligand and a proton at the proximal phenol moiety are transferred to the Mn center in a concerted way. By virtue of this mechanism, complex 1 exhibited a low overpotential comparable to that of natural enzyme in electrochemical hydrogen production using phenol as a proton source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University College of Chemistry, Logan, Utah, 84318, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - T Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University College of Chemistry, Logan, Utah, 84318, USA
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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44
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Fernández S, Cañellas S, Franco F, Luis JM, Pericàs MÀ, Lloret‐Fillol J. The Dual Effect of Coordinating −NH Groups and Light in the Electrochemical CO
2
Reduction with Pyridylamino Co Complexes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fernández
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Department de Química Física i Inorgànica Universitat Rovira i Virgili 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Federico Franco
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Josep M. Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Campus Montilivi 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Miquel À. Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica Universitat de Barcelona 08080 Barcelona Spain
| | - Julio Lloret‐Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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45
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Homogeneous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction by hexacarbonyl diiron dithiolate complex bearing hydroquinone. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Li X, Panetier JA. Computational Study for CO 2-to-CO Conversion over Proton Reduction Using [Re[bpyMe(Im-R)](CO) 3Cl] + (R = Me, Me 2, and Me 4) Electrocatalysts and Comparison with Manganese Analogues. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Julien A. Panetier
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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47
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Deeba R, Chardon-Noblat S, Costentin C. Homogeneous molecular catalysis of the electrochemical reduction of N 2O to N 2: redox vs. chemical catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12726-12732. [PMID: 34703559 PMCID: PMC8494024 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03044b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homogeneous electrochemical catalysis of N2O reduction to N2 is investigated with a series of organic catalysts and rhenium and manganese bipyridyl carbonyl complexes. An activation-driving force correlation is revealed with the organic species characteristic of a redox catalysis involving an outer-sphere electron transfer from the radical anions or dianions of the reduced catalyst to N2O. Taking into account the previously estimated reorganization energy required to form the N2O radical anions leads to an estimation of the N2O/N2O˙− standard potential in acetonitrile electrolyte. The direct reduction of N2O at a glassy carbon electrode follows the same quadratic activation driving force relationship. Our analysis reveals that the catalytic effect of the mediators is due to a smaller reorganization energy of the homogeneous electron transfer than that of the heterogeneous one. The physical effect of “spreading” electrons in the electrolyte is shown to be unfavorable for the homogeneous reduction. Importantly, we show that the reduction of N2O by low valent rhenium and manganese bipyridyl carbonyl complexes is of a chemical nature, with an initial one-electron reduction process associated with a chemical reaction more efficient than the simple outer-sphere electron transfer process. This points to an inner-sphere mechanism possibly involving partial charge transfer from the low valent metal to the binding N2O and emphasizes the differences between chemical and redox catalytic processes. Homogeneous electrochemical catalysis of N2O reduction to N2 is investigated with a series of organic catalysts and rhenium and manganese bipyridyl carbonyl complexes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Deeba
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, DCM, CNRS 38000 Grenoble France
| | | | - Cyrille Costentin
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, DCM, CNRS 38000 Grenoble France .,Université de Paris 75013 Paris France
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48
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Md Ahsan H, Breedlove BK, Cosquer G, Yamashita M. Enhancement of electrocatalytic abilities toward CO 2 reduction by tethering redox-active metal complexes to the active site. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13368-13373. [PMID: 34608918 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02318g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Tethering metal complexes, like [Ru(bpy)2Cl2] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), which are redox-active at low reduction potentials and have the ability to transfer electrons to another complex, to a [Ni(cyclen)]2+ electrocatalyst enhanced the reduction of CO2 to CO at low overpotentials. The [Ni(cyclen)]2+ electrocatalyst was modified by tethering redox-active metal complexes via 4-methylpyridyl linkers. The redox-active metal complexes were reduced after CO2 bound to the active site. In controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) experiments in 95 : 5 (v/v) CH3CN/H2O, [{([Ru]pic)4cyclen}NiCl]5+ ([Ru]+ = {Ru(bpy)2Cl}+; pic = 4-methylpyridyl) could be used to reduce CO2 into CO at a turnover frequency (TOF) of 708 s-1 with a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 80% at an onset potential of -1.60 V vs. NHE. At the same time, this electrocatalyst was active at an onset potential of -1.25 V vs. NHE, which is the reduction potential of one of the bpy ligands of the [Ru]+ moieties, with FE = 84% and TOF = 178 s-1. When the electrocatalysis was performed using [bn4cyclenNiCl]Cl (bn = benzyl) without tethered redox-active metal complexes, the TOF value was determined to be 8 s-1 with FE = 77% at an onset potential of -1.45 V vs. NHE. The results show that tethering redox-active metal complexes significantly improves the electrocatalytic activities by lowering the potential needed to reduce CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Md Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Chemistry Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
| | - Brian K Breedlove
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Goulven Cosquer
- Chemistry Department, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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49
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Mechanistic insight into electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using Lewis acid-base pairs. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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50
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Back C, Seo Y, Choi S, Choe MS, Lee D, Baeg JO, Son HJ, Kang SO. Secondary Coordination Effect on Monobipyridyl Ru(II) Catalysts in Photochemical CO 2 Reduction: Effective Proton Shuttle of Pendant Brønsted Acid/Base Sites (OH and N(CH 3) 2) and Its Mechanistic Investigation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:14151-14164. [PMID: 34473480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While the incorporation of pendant Brønsted acid/base sites in the secondary coordination sphere is a promising and effective strategy to increase the catalytic performance and product selectivity in organometallic catalysis for CO2 reduction, the control of product selectivity still faces a great challenge. Herein, we report two new trans(Cl)-[Ru(6-X-bpy)(CO)2Cl2] complexes functionalized with a saturated ethylene-linked functional group (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; X = -(CH2)2-OH or -(CH2)2-N(CH3)2) at the ortho(6)-position of bpy ligand, which are named Ru-bpyOH and Ru-bpydiMeN, respectively. In the series of photolysis experiments, compared to nontethered case, the asymmetric attachment of tethering ligand to the bpy ligand led to less efficient but more selective formate production with inactivation of CO2-to-CO conversion route during photoreaction. From a series of in situ FTIR analyses, it was found that the Ru-formate intermediates are stabilized by a highly probable hydrogen bonding between pendent proton donors (-diMeN+H or -OH) and the oxygen atom of metal-bound formate (RuI-OCHO···H-E-(CH2)2-, E = O or diMeN+). Under such conformation, the liberation of formate from the stabilized RuI-formate becomes less efficient compared to the nontethered case, consequently lowering the CO2-to-formate conversion activities during photoreaction. At the same time, such stabilization of Ru-formate species prevents the dehydration reaction route (η1-OCHO → η1-COOH on Ru metal) which leads toward the generation of Ru-CO species (key intermediate for CO production), eventually leading to the reduction of CO2-to-CO conversion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyun Back
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Yunjeong Seo
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sunghan Choi
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Min Su Choe
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Daehan Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jin-Ook Baeg
- Artificial Photosynthesis Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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