1
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Ahmed ME, Raghibi Boroujeni M, Ghosh P, Greene C, Kundu S, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Electrocatalytic Ammonia Oxidation by a Low-Coordinate Copper Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21136-21145. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Estak Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Mahdi Raghibi Boroujeni
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Pokhraj Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christine Greene
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 51277-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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2
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Shaikh MA, Samal PP, Ubale AS, Krishnamurty S, Gnanaprakasam B. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Chemodivergent and Regiospecific Reaction of Phenols with Quaternary Peroxyoxindoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14155-14167. [PMID: 36269888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The indium-catalyzed regiospecific coupling of substituted phenol derivatives and quaternary peroxyoxindoles for the synthesis of C2 or C4 benzoxazin-3-one-substituted phenols via skeletal rearrangement is described. This reaction is demonstrated with 17 examples with good yields and diverse aryl substituents. In contrast to the indium-catalyzed reaction, the Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed reaction of the phenol with quaternary peroxyoxindoles afforded C2 or C4 2-oxindole-substituted phenol derivatives. This diverse catalytic reaction generated various biologically important phenol-substituted 2-oxindole derivatives directly without any skeleton rearrangement and was demonstrated with 19 examples in high yield. The regiospecificity and the reaction pathways were explained with the support of density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moseen A Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Pragnya Paramita Samal
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Akash S Ubale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Sailaja Krishnamurty
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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3
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Figula BC, Chen TA, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Copper-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Methylation via Radical Relay. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C. Figula
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Ting-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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4
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Shennan BDA, Berheci D, Crompton JL, Davidson TA, Field JL, Williams BA, Dixon DJ. Branching out: redox strategies towards the synthesis of acyclic α-tertiary ethers. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5878-5929. [PMID: 35770619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic α-tertiary ethers represent a highly prevalent functionality, common to high-value bioactive molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products, and feature as crucial synthetic handles in their construction. As such their synthesis has become an ever-more important goal in synthetic chemistry as the drawbacks of traditional strong base- and acid-mediated etherifications have become more limiting. In recent years, the generation of highly reactive intermediates via redox approaches has facilitated the synthesis of highly sterically-encumbered ethers and accordingly these strategies have been widely applied in α-tertiary ether synthesis. This review summarises and appraises the state-of-the-art in the application of redox strategies enabling acyclic α-tertiary ether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D A Shennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Diana Berheci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Jessica L Crompton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Timothy A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Joshua L Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Benedict A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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5
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Song YL, Li B, Xie ZB, Wang D, Sun HM. Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Amination of Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Bonds with Anilines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17975-17985. [PMID: 34860531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed oxidative amination of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds with anilines bearing electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) or electron-donating groups (EDGs) is realized based on simple variations of N-substituents on imidazolium cations in novel ionic Fe(III) complexes. The structural modification of the imidazolium cation resulted in regulation of the redox potential and the catalytic performance of the iron metal center. Using DTBP as oxidant, [HItBu][FeBr4] showed the highest catalytic activity for anilines bearing EWGs, while [HIPym][FeBr4] was more efficient for EDG-substituted anilines. This work provides alternative access to benzylamines with the advantages of both a wide substrate scope and iron catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Renai Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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6
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Sánchez-Roa D, Mosquera MEG, Cámpora J. NHC-CDI Betaine Adducts and Their Cationic Derivatives as Catalyst Precursors for Dichloromethane Valorization. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16725-16735. [PMID: 34724613 PMCID: PMC8650018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Zwitterionic adducts
of N-heterocyclic carbene and carbodiimide
(NHC-CDI) are an emerging class of organic compounds with promising
properties for applications in various fields. Herein, we report the
use of the ICyCDI(p-Tol) betaine adduct (1a) and its cationic derivatives 2a and 3a as catalyst precursors for the dichloromethane valorization via
transformation into high added value products CH2Z2 (Z = OR, SR or NR2). This process implies selective
chloride substitution of dichloromethane by a range of nucleophiles
Na+Z– (preformed or generated in situ from HZ and an inorganic base) to yield formaldehyde-derived
acetals, dithioacetals, or aminals with full selectivity. The reactions
are conducted in a multigram-scale under very mild conditions, using
dichloromethane both as a reagent and solvent, and very low catalyst
loading (0.01 mol %). The CH2Z2 derivatives
were isolated in quantitative yields after filtration and evaporation,
which facilitates recycling the dichloromethane excess. Mechanistic
studies for the synthesis of methylal CH2(OMe)2 rule out organocatalysis as being responsible for the CH2 transfer, and a phase-transfer catalysis mechanism is proposed instead.
Furthermore, we observed that 1a and 2a react
with NaOMe to form unusual isoureate ethers, which are the actual
phase-transfer catalysts, with a strong preference for sodium over
other alkali metal nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sánchez-Roa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación en Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcala de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain
| | - Marta E G Mosquera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación en Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcala de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain
| | - Juan Cámpora
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, C/Américo Vespucio, 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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7
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Lluna‐Galán C, Izquierdo‐Aranda L, Adam R, Cabrero‐Antonino JR. Catalytic Reductive Alcohol Etherifications with Carbonyl-Based Compounds or CO 2 and Related Transformations for the Synthesis of Ether Derivatives. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3744-3784. [PMID: 34237201 PMCID: PMC8518999 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ether derivatives have myriad applications in several areas of chemical industry and academia. Hence, the development of more effective and sustainable protocols for their production is highly desired. Among the different methodologies reported for ether synthesis, catalytic reductive alcohol etherifications with carbonyl-based moieties (aldehydes/ketones and carboxylic acid derivatives) have emerged in the last years as a potential tool. These processes constitute appealing routes for the selective production of both symmetrical and asymmetrical ethers (including O-heterocycles) with an increased molecular complexity. Likewise, ester-to-ether catalytic reductions and hydrogenative alcohol etherifications with CO2 to dialkoxymethanes and other acetals, albeit in less extent, have undergone important advances, too. In this Review, an update of the recent progresses in the area of catalytic reductive alcohol etherifications using carbonyl-based compounds and CO2 have been described with a special focus on organic synthetic applications and catalyst design. Complementarily, recent progress made in catalytic acetal/ketal-to-ether or ester-to-ether reductions and other related transformations have been also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Lluna‐Galán
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Luis Izquierdo‐Aranda
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Rosa Adam
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
| | - Jose R. Cabrero‐Antonino
- Instituto de Tecnología QuímicaUniversitat Politécnica de València-Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC)Avda. de los Naranjos s/n46022ValenciaSpain
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8
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Sarkar S, Sahoo T, Sen C, Ghosh SC. Copper(II) mediated ortho C-H alkoxylation of aromatic amines using organic peroxides: efficient synthesis of hindered ethers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8949-8952. [PMID: 34486598 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01803e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of hindered alkyl aryl ether derivatives (R-O-Ar) remains a huge challenge and highly desirable in organic and medicinal chemistry because extensive substitution on the ether bond prevents the undesired metabolic process and thus avoids rapid degradation in vivo. Herein, we report an unprecedented hindered alkoxylation of picolinamide attached aromatic amines using economic copper salt and organic peroxide to get highly desirable α-tertiary alkyl aryl ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Sarkar
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India.
| | - Tapan Sahoo
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chiranjit Sen
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Ghosh
- Natural Products and Green Chemistry Division, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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9
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Hazra A, Kephart JA, Velian A, Lalic G. Hydroalkylation of Alkynes: Functionalization of the Alkenyl Copper Intermediate through Single Electron Transfer Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7903-7908. [PMID: 34004114 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a method for the stereoselective coupling of terminal alkynes and α-bromo carbonyls to generate functionalized E-alkenes. The coupling is accomplished by merging the closed-shell hydrocupration of alkynes with the open-shell single electron transfer (SET) chemistry of the resulting alkenyl copper intermediate. We demonstrate that the reaction is compatible with various functional groups and can be performed in the presence of aryl bromides, alkyl chlorides, alkyl bromides, esters, nitriles, amides, and a wide range of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds. Mechanistic studies provide evidence for SET oxidation of the alkenyl copper intermediate by an α-bromo ester as the key step that enables the cross coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gojko Lalic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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10
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Lee J, Jin S, Kim D, Hong SH, Chang S. Cobalt-Catalyzed Intermolecular C-H Amidation of Unactivated Alkanes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5191-5200. [PMID: 33780628 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alkanes are an abundant and inexpensive source of hydrocarbons; thus, development of new methods to convert the hydrocarbon feedstocks to value-added chemicals is of high interest. However, it is challenging to achieve such transformation in a direct and selective manner mainly due to the intrinsic inertness of their C-H bonds. We herein report a tailored Cp*Co(III)(LX)-catalyzed efficient and site-selective intermolecular amidation of unactivated hydrocarbons including light alkanes. Electronic modulation of the cobalt complexes led to the enhanced amidation efficiency, and these effects were theoretically rationalized by the FMO analysis of presupposed cobalt nitrenoid species. Under the current cobalt protocol, a secondary C-H bond selectivity was observed in various nonactivated alkanes to reverse the intrinsic tertiary preference, which is attributed to the steric demands of the cobalt system that imposes difficulties in accessing tertiary C-H bonds. Experimental and computational studies suggested that the putative triplet Co nitrenoids are transferred to the C-H bonds of alkanes via a radical-like hydrogen abstraction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyo Lee
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seongho Jin
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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11
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Yang Y, Gao W, Wang Y, Wang X, Cao F, Shi T, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Copper Promoted Inert C(sp3)–H Functionalization. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Jayasooriya IU, Bakhoda A(G, Palmer R, Ng K, Khachemoune NL, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Copper( ii) ketimides in sp 3 C–H amination. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15733-15738. [PMID: 35003605 PMCID: PMC8654034 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01990b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercially available benzophenone imine (HN
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
CPh2) reacts with β-diketiminato copper(ii) tert-butoxide complexes [CuII]–OtBu to form isolable copper(ii) ketimides [CuII]–NCPh2. Structural characterization of the three coordinate copper(ii) ketimide [Me3NN]Cu–NCPh2 reveals a short Cu-Nketimide distance (1.700(2) Å) with a nearly linear Cu–N–C linkage (178.9(2)°). Copper(ii) ketimides [CuII]–NCPh2 readily capture alkyl radicals R˙ (PhCH(˙)Me and Cy˙) to form the corresponding R–NCPh2 products in a process that competes with N–N coupling of copper(ii) ketimides [CuII]–NCPh2 to form the azine Ph2CN–NCPh2. Copper(ii) ketimides [CuII]–NCAr2 serve as intermediates in catalytic sp3 C–H amination of substrates R–H with ketimines HNCAr2 and tBuOOtBu as oxidant to form N-alkyl ketimines R–NCAr2. This protocol enables the use of unactivated sp3 C–H bonds to give R–NCAr2 products easily converted to primary amines R–NH2via simple acidic deprotection. Commercially available benzophenone imine (HNCPh2) reacts with β-diketiminato copper(ii) tert-butoxide complexes [CuII]–OtBu to form isolable copper(ii) ketimides [CuII]–NCPh2 that serve as intermediates in catalytic sp3 C−H amination via radical relay.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Isuri U. Jayasooriya
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | | | - Rachel Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kristi Ng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Nour L. Khachemoune
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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13
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Eaton MC, Knight BJ, Brahmi R, Ferreira RB, Catalano VJ, Rheingold AL, Ghiviriga I, Murray LJ. Synthetic Factors Governing Access to Tris(β-diketimine) Cyclophanes versus Tripodal Tri-β-aminoenones. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13579-13588. [PMID: 33107735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tris(β-diketimine) cyclophanes are an important ligand class for investigating cooperative multimetallic interactions of bioinorganic clusters. Discussed herein are the synthetic factors governing access to tris(β-diketimine) cyclophanes versus tripodal tri-β-aminoenones. Cyclophanes bearing Me, Et, and MeO cap substituents and β-Me, Et, or Ph arm substituents are obtained, and a modified condensation method produced α-Me β-Me cyclophane. These operationally simple procedures produce the ligands in gram quantities and in 22-94% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Eaton
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brian J Knight
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Robin Brahmi
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ricardo B Ferreira
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Vincent J Catalano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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14
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Bakhoda A, Okoromoba OE, Greene C, Boroujeni MR, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Three-Coordinate Copper(II) Alkynyl Complex in C-C Bond Formation: The Sesquicentennial of the Glaser Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18483-18490. [PMID: 32956589 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper(II) alkynyl species are proposed as key intermediates in numerous Cu-catalyzed C-C coupling reactions. Supported by a β-diketiminate ligand, the three-coordinate copper(II) alkynyl [CuII]-C≡CAr (Ar = 2,6-Cl2C6H3) forms upon reaction of the alkyne H-C≡CAr with the copper(II) tert-butoxide complex [CuII]-OtBu. In solution, this [CuII]-C≡CAr species cleanly transforms to the Glaser coupling product ArC≡C-C≡CAr and [CuI](solvent). Addition of nucleophiles R'C≡C-Li (R' = aryl, silyl) and Ph-Li to [CuII]-C≡CAr affords the corresponding Csp-Csp and Csp-Csp2 coupled products RC≡C-C≡CAr and Ph-C≡CAr with concomitant generation of [CuI](solvent) and {[CuI]-C≡CAr}-, respectively. Supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, redox disproportionation forms [CuIII](C≡CAr)(R) species that reductively eliminate R-C≡CAr products. [CuII]-C≡CAr also captures the trityl radical Ph3C· to give Ph3C-C≡CAr. Radical capture represents the key Csp-Csp3 bond-forming step in the copper-catalyzed C-H functionalization of benzylic substrates R-H with alkynes H-C≡CR' (R' = (hetero)aryl, silyl) that provide Csp-Csp3 coupled products R-C≡CR via radical relay with tBuOOtBu as oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Bakhoda
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Otome E Okoromoba
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Christine Greene
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Mahdi Raghibi Boroujeni
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Timothy H Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
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15
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16
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Bakhoda AG, Wiese S, Greene C, Figula BC, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Radical Capture at Nickel(II) Complexes: C–C, C–N, and C–O Bond Formation. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Gus Bakhoda
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Stefan Wiese
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Christine Greene
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Bryan C. Figula
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
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17
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Bower JK, Cypcar AD, Henriquez B, Stieber SCE, Zhang S. C(sp 3)-H Fluorination with a Copper(II)/(III) Redox Couple. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8514-8521. [PMID: 32275410 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing interest in the synthesis of fluorinated organic compounds, few reactions are able to incorporate fluoride ions directly into alkyl C-H bonds. Here, we report the C(sp3)-H fluorination reactivity of a formally copper(III) fluoride complex. The C-H fluorination intermediate, LCuF, along with its chloride and bromide analogues, LCuCl and LCuBr, were prepared directly from halide sources with a chemical oxidant and fully characterized with single-crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Quantum chemical calculations reveal significant halide radical character for all complexes, suggesting their ability to initiate and terminate a C(sp3)-H halogenation sequence by sequential hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) and radical capture. The capability of HAA by the formally copper(III) halide complexes was explored with 9,10-dihydroanthracene, revealing that LCuF exhibits rates 2 orders of magnitude higher than LCuCl and LCuBr. In contrast, all three complexes efficiently capture carbon radicals to afford C(sp3)-halogen bonds. Mechanistic investigation of radical capture with a triphenylmethyl radical revealed that LCuF proceeds through a concerted mechanism, while LCuCl and LCuBr follow a stepwise electron transfer-halide transfer pathway. The capability of LCuF to perform both hydrogen atom abstraction and radical capture was leveraged to enable fluorination of allylic and benzylic C-H bonds and α-C-H bonds of ethers at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamey K Bower
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andrew D Cypcar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Brenda Henriquez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, United States
| | - S Chantal E Stieber
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, California 91768, United States
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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18
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Xie W, Heo J, Kim D, Chang S. Copper-Catalyzed Direct C-H Alkylation of Polyfluoroarenes by Using Hydrocarbons as an Alkylating Source. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7487-7496. [PMID: 32233362 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Construction of carbon-carbon bonds is one of the most important tools in chemical synthesis. In the previously established cross-coupling reactions, prefunctionalized starting materials were usually employed in the form of aryl or alkyl (pseudo)halides or their metalated derivatives. However, the direct use of arenes and alkanes via a 2-fold oxidative C-H bond activation strategy to access chemoselective C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-couplings is highly challenging due to the low reactivity of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds and the difficulty in suppressing side reactions such as homocouplings. Herein, we present the new development of a copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling of polyfluoroarenes with alkanes under mild conditions. Relatively weak sp3 C-H bonds at the benzylic or allylic positions, and nonactivated hydrocarbons could be alkylated by the newly developed catalyst system. A moderate-to-high site selectivity was observed among various C-H bonds present in hydrocarbon reactants, including gaseous feedstocks and complex molecules. Mechanistic information was obtained by performing combined experimental and computational studies to reveal that the copper catalyst plays a dual role in activating both alkane sp3 C-H bonds and sp2 polyfluoroarene C-H bonds. It was also suggested that the noncovalent π-π interaction and weak hydrogen bonds formed in situ between the optimal ligand and arene substrates are key to facilitating the current coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Nozawa‐Kumada K, Saga S, Matsuzawa Y, Hayashi M, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Benzylic C(sp
3
)−H Cyclization for the Synthesis of β‐Lactams. Chemistry 2020; 26:4496-4499. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa‐Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Satoshi Saga
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuzawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahito Hayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical ScienceTohoku University Aoba, Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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20
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Chen M, Dong G. Copper-Catalyzed Desaturation of Lactones, Lactams, and Ketones under pH-Neutral Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14889-14897. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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21
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Hu P, Tan M, Cheng L, Zhao H, Feng R, Gu WJ, Han W. Bio-inspired iron-catalyzed oxidation of alkylarenes enables late-stage oxidation of complex methylarenes to arylaldehydes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2425. [PMID: 31160563 PMCID: PMC6546739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a long-standing challenge to achieve efficient and highly selective aerobic oxidation of methylarenes to benzaldehydes, owing to overoxidation problem stemming from the oxidizability of benzaldehyde far higher than the toluene under usual aerobic conditions. Herein we report a bio-inspired iron-catalyzed polymethylhydrosiloxane-promoted aerobic oxidation of methylarenes to benzaldehydes with high yields and selectivities. Notably, this method can tolerate oxidation-labile and reactive boronic acid group, which is normally required to be transformed immediately after its introduction, and represents a significant advance in the area of the chemistry of organoboronic acids, including the ability to incorporate both aldehyde and ketone functionalities into unprotected arylboronic acids, a class that can be difficult to access by current means. The robustness of this protocol is demonstrated on the late-stage oxidation of complex bioactive molecules, including dehydroabietic acid, Gemfibrozil, Tocopherol nicotinate, a complex polyol structure, and structurally complex arylboronic acids. Oxidation of toluenes to benzaldehydes is usually accompanied by overoxidation products. Here, the authors report an iron-catalysed aerobic oxidation of methylarenes to benzaldehydes with high yields and selectivities, even in presence of boronic acid groups and in complex natural products and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Hu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingxi Tan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyuan Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Feng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Jin Gu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China. .,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road No.1, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Trammell R, D'Amore L, Cordova A, Polunin P, Xie N, Siegler MA, Belanzoni P, Swart M, Garcia-Bosch I. Directed Hydroxylation of sp 2 and sp 3 C-H Bonds Using Stoichiometric Amounts of Cu and H 2O 2. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7584-7592. [PMID: 31084018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of copper for C-H bond functionalization, compared to other metals, is relatively unexplored. Herein, we report a synthetic protocol for the regioselective hydroxylation of sp2 and sp3 C-H bonds using a directing group, stoichiometric amounts of Cu and H2O2. A wide array of aromatic ketones and aldehydes are oxidized in the carbonyl γ-position with remarkable yields. We also expanded this methodology to hydroxylate the β-position of alkylic ketones. Spectroscopic characterization, kinetics, and density functional theory calculations point toward the involvement of a mononuclear LCuII(OOH) species, which oxidizes the aromatic sp2 C-H bonds via a concerted heterolytic O-O bond cleavage with concomitant electrophilic attack on the arene system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Trammell
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
| | - Lorenzo D'Amore
- University of Girona , Campus Montilivi (Ciències), IQCC , 17004 Girona , Spain
| | - Alexandra Cordova
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
| | - Pavel Polunin
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
| | - Nan Xie
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Perugia , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy.,Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2 , Via Elce di Sotto 8 , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Marcel Swart
- University of Girona , Campus Montilivi (Ciències), IQCC , 17004 Girona , Spain.,ICREA , Pg. Lluís Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Isaac Garcia-Bosch
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
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23
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Abstract
The first example of silver-mediated phosphine-promoted methoxylation of aryl C(sp2)–H bonds with the commercially available reagent for the preparation of alkyl aryl ethers has been developed. This protocol is characterized by mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and high regioselectivity.
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24
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Trammell R, Rajabimoghadam K, Garcia-Bosch I. Copper-Promoted Functionalization of Organic Molecules: from Biologically Relevant Cu/O 2 Model Systems to Organometallic Transformations. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2954-3031. [PMID: 30698952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper is one of the most abundant and less toxic transition metals. Nature takes advantage of the bioavailability and rich redox chemistry of Cu to carry out oxygenase and oxidase organic transformations using O2 (or H2O2) as oxidant. Inspired by the reactivity of these Cu-dependent metalloenzymes, chemists have developed synthetic protocols to functionalize organic molecules under enviormentally benign conditions. Copper also promotes other transformations usually catalyzed by 4d and 5d transition metals (Pd, Pt, Rh, etc.) such as nitrene insertions or C-C and C-heteroatom coupling reactions. In this review, we summarized the most relevant research in which copper promotes or catalyzes the functionalization of organic molecules, including biological catalysis, bioinspired model systems, and organometallic reactivity. The reaction mechanisms by which these processes take place are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Trammell
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
| | | | - Isaac Garcia-Bosch
- Department of Chemistry , Southern Methodist University , Dallas , Texas 75275 , United States
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25
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He J, Chen C, Fu GC, Peters JC. Visible-Light-Induced, Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling of Alkyl Halides, Olefins, and Trifluoromethylthiolate to Generate Trifluoromethyl Thioethers. ACS Catal 2018; 8:11741-11748. [PMID: 31396434 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced, copper-catalyzed coupling reactions are emerging as a powerful method for generating Csp3-Y (Y = C or heteroatom) bonds from alkyl electrophiles and nucleophiles. Corresponding three-component couplings of alkyl electrophiles, olefins, and nucleophiles have the potential to generate an additional Csp3-Y bond and to efficiently add functional groups to both carbons of an olefin, which serves as a readily available linchpin. In this report, we establish that a variety of electrophiles and a trifluoromethylthiolate nucleophile can add across an array of olefins (including styrenes and electron-poor olefins) in the presence of CuI/binap and blue-LED irradiation, thereby generating trifluoromethyl thioethers in good yield. The process tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and an initial survey of other nucleophiles (i.e., bromide, cyanide, and azide) suggests that this three-component coupling strategy is versatile. Mechanistic studies are consistent with a photoexcited Cu(I)/binap/SCF3 complex serving as a reductant to generate an alkyl radical from the electrophile, which likely reacts in turn with the olefin and a Cu(II)/SCF3 complex to afford the coupling product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Caiyou Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Gregory C. Fu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C. Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Zhang G, Zhu J, Ding C. Pharmaceutical-Oriented Iron-Catalyzed Ethoxylation of Aryl C(sp
2
)-H Bonds with Cobalt Co-Catalyst. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China
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27
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Zhou Z, Behnke NE, Kürti L. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Hindered Ethers from α-Bromo Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2018; 20:5452-5456. [PMID: 30113173 PMCID: PMC7802898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic method for the synthesis of sterically hindered ethers and thioethers from α-bromo carbonyl compounds and the corresponding nucleophiles using an inexpensive Cu(I) catalytic system is reported. This facile transformation takes place at ambient temperature and does not require the exclusion of air or moisture; thus, it is well-suited for the functionalization and derivatization of complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University BioScience Research
Collaborative 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, TX 77030 (USA)
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28
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Zhao Q, Ji XS, Gao YY, Hao WJ, Zhang KY, Tu SJ, Jiang B. Merging “Anti-Baldwin” 3-Exo-Dig Cyclization with 1,2-Alkynyl Migration for Radical Alkylalkynylation of Unactivated Olefins. Org Lett 2018; 20:3596-3600. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Ji
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yun Gao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
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29
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Mei Q, Yang Y, Liu H, Li S, Liu H, Han B. A new route to synthesize aryl acetates from carbonylation of aryl methyl ethers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaaq0266. [PMID: 29795781 PMCID: PMC5959316 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaq0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ether bond activation is very interesting because the synthesis of many valuable compounds involves conversion of ethers. Moreover, C-O bond cleavage is also very important for the transformation of biomass, especially lignin, which abundantly contains ether bonds. Developing efficient methods to activate aromatic ether bonds has attracted much attention. However, this is a challenge because of the inertness of aryl ether bonds. We proposed a new route to activate aryl methyl ether bonds and synthesize aryl acetates by carbonylation of aryl methyl ethers. The reaction could proceed over RhCl3 in the presence of LiI and LiBF4, and moderate to high yields of aryl acetates could be obtained from transformation of various aryl methyl ethers with different substituents. It was found that LiBF4 could assist LiI to cleave aryl methyl ether bonds effectively. The reaction mechanism was proposed by a combination of experimental and theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Youdi Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hangyu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface, and Chemical Thermodynamics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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30
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Liang YF, Yuan Y, Shen T, Song S, Jiao N. Metal-Free I2
-Catalyzed Highly Selective Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols and Cyclohexenones. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yizhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Tao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38; Beijing 100191 China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd. 38; Beijing 100191 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University, Weijin Road 94; Tianjin 300071 China
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Li Y, Zhu F, Wang Z, Wu XF. A copper-catalyzed carbonylative four-component reaction of ethene and aliphatic olefins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1984-1987. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09803k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
With copper as the catalyst, ethene and aliphatic alkenes were carbonylative coupled with alcohols and acetonitrile in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Fengxiang Zhu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Zechao Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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32
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Tang X, Jia X, Huang Z. Challenges and opportunities for alkane functionalisation using molecular catalysts. Chem Sci 2017; 9:288-299. [PMID: 29629098 PMCID: PMC5870200 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03610h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of vast low-value saturated hydrocarbons into valuable chemicals is of great interest.
The conversion of vast low-value saturated hydrocarbons into valuable chemicals is of great interest. Thanks to the progression of organometallic and coordination chemistry, transition metal catalysed C sp3–H bond functionalisation has now become a powerful tool for alkane transformations. Specifically, methods for alkane functionalisation include radical initiated C–H functionalisation, carbene/nitrene insertion, and transition metal catalysed C–H bond activation. This perspective provides a systematic and concise overview of each protocol, highlighting the factors that govern regioselectivity in these reactions. The challenges of the existing catalytic tactics and future directions for catalyst development in this field will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China .
| | - Xiangqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China .
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China .
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33
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Stridfeldt E, Lindstedt E, Reitti M, Blid J, Norrby P, Olofsson B. Competing Pathways in O-Arylations with Diaryliodonium Salts: Mechanistic Insights. Chemistry 2017; 23:13249-13258. [PMID: 28792102 PMCID: PMC5639379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic study of arylations of aliphatic alcohols and hydroxide with diaryliodonium salts, to give alkyl aryl ethers and diaryl ethers, has been performed using experimental techniques and DFT calculations. Aryne intermediates have been trapped, and additives to avoid by-product formation originating from arynes have been found. An alcohol oxidation pathway was observed in parallel to arylation; this is suggested to proceed by an intramolecular mechanism. Product formation pathways via ligand coupling and arynes have been compared, and 4-coordinated transition states were found to be favored in reactions with alcohols. Furthermore, a novel, direct nucleophilic substitution pathway has been identified in reactions with electron-deficient diaryliodonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Stridfeldt
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Erik Lindstedt
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Marcus Reitti
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Jan Blid
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University106 91StockholmSweden
| | - Per‐Ola Norrby
- Pharmaceutical SciencesAstraZeneca Gothenburg431 83MölndalSweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic ChemistryArrhenius LaboratoryStockholm University106 91StockholmSweden
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34
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Hardouin Duparc V, Schaper F. Sulfonato-diketimine Copper(II) Complexes: Synthesis and Application as Catalysts in Chan–Evans–Lam Couplings. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Hardouin Duparc
- Centre in Green Chemistry
and Catalysis, Department of chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada
| | - Frank Schaper
- Centre in Green Chemistry
and Catalysis, Department of chemistry, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3T 3J7, Canada
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35
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Tzouras NV, Stamatopoulos IK, Papastavrou AT, Liori AA, Vougioukalakis GC. Sustainable metal catalysis in C H activation. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Kundu S, Greene C, Williams KD, Salvador TK, Bertke JA, Cundari TR, Warren TH. Three-Coordinate Copper(II) Aryls: Key Intermediates in C–O Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9112-9115. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Kundu
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Christine Greene
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Kamille D. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Tolani K. Salvador
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling
(CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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37
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Kundu S, Kim WY, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Copper(II) Activation of Nitrite: Nitrosation of Nucleophiles and Generation of NO by Thiols. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:1045-1048. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D. C. 20057, United States
| | - William Y. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D. C. 20057, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D. C. 20057, United States
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227-1227, Washington, D. C. 20057, United States
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