1
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You Z, Wang C, Hu P, Zhang W, Li Q, Zheng Y. Construction of dual driving force in carbon nitride for highly efficient hydrogen evolution: Simultaneously manipulating carriers transport in intra- and interlayer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:186-196. [PMID: 39024819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is widely recognized as an environmentally friendly approach to address future energy crises and environmental issues. However, rapid recombination of photo-induced charges over carbon nitride in lateral and vertical direction hinder this process. Herein, we proposed an effective strategy involving the embedding of benzene rings and the intercalation of platinum atoms on carbon nitride for a controlled intralayer and interlayer charges flow. Modified carbon nitride exhibits a significant higher hydrogen evolution rate (6288.5 μmol/g/h), which is 42 times greater than that of pristine carbon nitride. Both experiments and simulations collectively indicate that the improved photocatalytic activities can be attributed to the adjustment of the highly symmetric structure of carbon nitride, achieved by embedding benzene rings to induce the formation of an intralayer build-in electric field and intercalating Pt atoms to enhance interlayer polarization, which simultaneously accelerate lateral and vertical charges migration. This dual-direction charges separation mechanism in carbon nitride provides valuable insights for the development of highly active photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun You
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Yanmei Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
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2
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Wei D, Shangguan L, Guo Y, Sun J. Molten-salt-induced structural heterogeneity of carbon nitride for efficient photocatalytic H 2O 2 production. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:10732-10735. [PMID: 39246019 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc04007d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
A molten-salt-induced structural heterogeneity strategy was developed to construct molecular heterostructured carbon nitride with intimately connected heptazine and triazine units, which effectively accelerate charge transport and suppress carrier recombination. Consequently, the prepared CN-2 exhibits significantly enhanced photocatalytic H2O2 production, about 143 times that of traditional carbon nitride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Deming Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Li Shangguan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Functional Materials for Energy, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.
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3
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Yang J, Yang W, Zhang C, Gong J, Xu M, Li J, Liu C. Synergistic self-driven and heterogeneous effect of a biomass-derived urchin-like Mn 3O 4/C 3N 4 Janus micromotor catalyst for efficient degradation of carbamazepine. RSC Adv 2024; 14:28904-28914. [PMID: 39268053 PMCID: PMC11391418 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04980b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that obtaining efficient carbamazepine degradation materials or rapid carbamazepine-removal methods is still a challenge in the field of environmental remediation. Hence, the present study aimed to concurrently address these issues by combining a self-driven, heterostructured and low-cost biomass-templated urchin-like Janus micromotor catalyst for highly efficient carbamazepine degradation. The catalyst could autonomously move in a circle-like motion pattern via O2 bubbles generated from the Mn3O4-catalyzed decomposition of H2O2 with a velocity of 223.5 ± 7.0 μm s-1 in 1% H2O2. Benefiting from the well-structured heterojunction at the interface of C3N4 and Mn3O4, carbamazepine (CBZ) was degraded by 61% in 100 min under sunlight irradiation. In addition, density functional theory calculation results proved that the formation of the heterojunction structure promoted the generation of photo-generated carriers. Thus, the presented method provides a promising pathway for the rational construction and preparation of movable catalysts for the efficient removal of organic pollutants from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, Zibo Vocational Institute Zibo 255000 P. R. China
| | - Wenning Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252000 P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, ZiBo Vocational Institute Zibo 255000 P. R. China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, Zibo Vocational Institute Zibo 255000 P. R. China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan Jinan 250022 China
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4
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Zhang H, Liu Z, Fang J, Peng F. Modulation of π-Electron Density in Ultrathin 2D Layers of Graphite Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404929. [PMID: 39180452 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The rational design and synthesis of novel semiconductor nano-/quantum materials have been ambitiously pursued in the field of photocatalysis as the technology is promising and critical for attaining future energy and environmental sustainability. Herein, the integrity of aromatic carbon into graphitic carbon nitride (CN) at the same molecular plane with a few 2D layers is achieved by using modulated precursors of CN, forming carbon regulated ultrathin CN (CUCN) with improved charge transfer kinetics and photocatalytic hydrogen production. The grafted graphite rings adjacent to carbon nitride frameworks induce a significant rearrangement and relocalization of the overall framework, and form conjugated sp2 hybridized interfaces and internal electric fields that drive the separation and directional transfer of photogenerated electrons from CN sheets towards intralayer graphite regions, where the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction occurs extensively, yielding largely increased HER rate of 2231.8 µmol g-1 h-1 by 8.2 times relative to CN, as well as a remarkable apparent quantum yield of 2.93% under monochromatic light at 420 nm. The high physicochemical stability and low synthesis cost of CUCN make it a potential benchmark photocatalyst that can be readily modified via element doping, heterojunction introduction, defect engineering, and so on, to further enhance its HER performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Zhang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Fang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, University Town, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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5
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Meng Q, Wu L, Chen T, Xiong Y, Duan T, Wang X. Constructing the Electron-Rich Microenvironment of an All-Polymer-Based S-Scheme Homostructure for Accelerating Uranium Capture from Nuclear Wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39141319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Large quantities of uranium-containing radioactive wastewater are typically generated during nuclear fuel cycle processes. Despite significant efforts, efficient capture of migratable hexavalent uranium U(VI) is still a huge challenge due to its acidity, radioactivity, coexisting organics, and high impurity cation abundance in wastewater. Herein, we have fabricated all-polymer-based 0D/2D C4N/C6N7 homostructure hybrids with an S-scheme electronic configuration by coordinating the band engineering of semiconductors to enrich uranium species from the complex wastewater environment. The sample can capture over 97% of U(VI) in the actual concentration of nuclear industrial reprocessing wastewater; also, the U(VI) enrichment ratio still exceeds 95% when the irradiation dose (including α, β, and γ) is up to 100 kGy. Density functional theory and X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrate that the aggregation of charge carriers on the surface of the sample regulates the electron-rich microenvironment, thus accelerating the reduction conversion of single electron reaction uranium disproportionation. It is expected that this work can provide more insight into other functional materials, thereby promoting uranium removal advancements in nuclear wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, CAEA Innovation Center of Nuclear Environmental Safety Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Linzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, CAEA Innovation Center of Nuclear Environmental Safety Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, CAEA Innovation Center of Nuclear Environmental Safety Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, CAEA Innovation Center of Nuclear Environmental Safety Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, CAEA Innovation Center of Nuclear Environmental Safety Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
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Cao S, Sun T, Peng Y, Yu X, Li Q, Meng FL, Yang F, Wang H, Xie Y, Hou CC, Xu Q. Simultaneously Producing H 2 and H 2O 2 by Photocatalytic Water Splitting: Recent Progress and Future. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404285. [PMID: 39073246 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The solar-driven overall water splitting (2H2O→2H2 + O2) is considered as one of the most promising strategies for reducing carbon emissions and meeting energy demands. However, due to the sluggish performance and high H2 cost, there is still a big gap for the current photocatalytic systems to meet the requirements for practical sustainable H2 production. Economic feasibility can be attained through simultaneously generating products of greater value than O2, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 2H2O→H2 + H2O2). Compared with overall water splitting, this approach is more kinetically feasible and generates more high-value products of H2 and H2O2. In several years, there has been an increasing surge in exploring the possibility and substantial progress has been achieved. In this review, a concise overview of the importance and underlying principles of PIWS is first provided. Next, the reported typical photocatalysts for PIWS are discussed, including commonly used semiconductors and cocatalysts, essential design features of these photocatalysts, and connections between their structures and activities, as well as the selected approaches for enhancing their stability. Then, the techniques used to quantify H2O2 and the operando characterization techniques that can be employed to gain a thorough understanding of the reaction mechanisms are summarized. Finally, the current existing challenges and the direction needing improvement are presented. This review aims to provide a thorough summary of the most recent research developments in PIWS and sets the stage for future advancements and discoveries in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy and Resources, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy and Resources, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Yong Peng
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xianghui Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy and Resources, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Qinzhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Sustainable Energy and Resources, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Fan Lu Meng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Yunhui Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Chun-Chao Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, 266100, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Porous Functional Materials (SKLPM), SUSTech-Kyoto University Advanced Energy Materials Joint Innovation Laboratory (SKAEM-JIL), Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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7
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Xu Y, Hou W, Huang K, Guo H, Wang Z, Lian C, Zhang J, Wu D, Lei Z, Liu Z, Wang L. Engineering Built-In Electric Field Microenvironment of CQDs/g-C 3N 4 Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403607. [PMID: 38728594 PMCID: PMC11267297 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (CN), as a nonmetallic photocatalyst, has gained considerable attention for its cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly nature in catalyzing solar-driven CO2 conversion into valuable products. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of CO2 reduction with CN remains low, accompanied by challenges in achieving desirable product selectivity. To address these limitations, a two-step hydrothermal-calcination tandem synthesis strategy is presented, introducing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) into CN and forming ultra-thin CQD/CN nanosheets. The integration of CQDs induces a distinct work function with CN, creating a robust interface electric field after the combination. This electric field facilitates the accumulation of photoelectrons in the CQDs region, providing an abundant source of reduced electrons for the photocatalytic process. Remarkably, the CQD/CN nanosheets exhibit an average CO yield of 120 µmol g-1, showcasing an outstanding CO selectivity of 92.8%. The discovery in the work not only presents an innovative pathway for the development of high-performance photocatalysts grounded in non-metallic CN materials employing CQDs but also opens new avenues for versatile application prospects in environmental protection and sustainable cleaning energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologySchool of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Weidong Hou
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologySchool of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringShanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterialsand School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Huazhang Guo
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologySchool of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Zeming Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologySchool of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical EngineeringShanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterialsand School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai200237P. R. China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai University99 Shangda RoadShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Deli Wu
- College of Environmental & EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092P. R. China
| | - Zhendong Lei
- College of Environmental & EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Nanochemistry and NanobiologySchool of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
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Wang X, Wang Y, Ma M, Zhao X, Zhang J, Zhang F. P-N Bonds-Mediated Atomic-Level Charge-Transfer Channel Fabricated between Violet Phosphorus and Carbon Nitride Favors Charge Separation and Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311841. [PMID: 38368255 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Heterostructures are widely employed in photocatalysis to promote charge separation and photocatalytic activity. However, their benefits are limited by the linkages and contact environment at the interface. Herein, violet phosphorus quantum dots (VPQDs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) are employed as model materials to form VPQDs/g-C3N4 heterostructures by a simple ultrasonic pulse excitation method. The heterostructure contains strong interfacial P-N bonds that mitigate interfacial charge-separation issues. P-P bond breakage occurs in the distinctive cage-like [P9] VPQD units during longitudinal disruption, thereby exposing numerous active P sites that bond with N atoms in g-C3N4 under ultrasonic pulse excitation. The atomic-level interfacial P-N bonds of the Z-scheme VPQDs/g-C3N4 heterostructure serve as photogenerated charge-transfer channels for improved electron-hole separation efficiency. This results in excellent photocatalytic performance with a hydrogen evolution rate of 7.70 mmol g-1 h-1 (over 9.2 and 8.5 times greater than those of pure g-C3N4 and VPQDs, respectively) and apparent quantum yield of 11.68% at 400 nm. Using atomic-level chemical bonds to promote interfacial charge separation in phosphorene heterostructures is a feasible and effective design strategy for photocatalytic water-splitting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuewen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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9
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Qi K, Lu Z, Gao X, Tan G, Zhang Z, Liu D, Dong G, Jing D, Luo P. Enhancing Surface Hydroxyl Group Modulation on Carbon Nitride Boosts the Effectiveness of Photodynamic Treatment for Brain Glioma. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29793-29804. [PMID: 38819663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating brain gliomas is limited by the solubility of photosensitizers and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), both of which are influenced by the concentration of photosensitizers and catalyst active sites. In this study, we developed a controllable surface hydroxyl concentration for the photosensitizer CN11 to address its poor water solubility issue and enhance PDT efficacy in tumor treatment. Compared to pure g-C3N4 (CN), CN11 exhibited 4.6 times higher hydrogen peroxide production under visible light, increased incidence of the n → π* electron transition, and provided more available reaction sites for cytotoxic ROS generation. These findings resulted in a 2.43-fold increase in photodynamic treatment efficacy against brain glioma cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments conducted on mice demonstrated that CN11 could be excreted through normal cell metabolism with low cytotoxicity and high biosafety, effectively achieving complete eradication of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zihan Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guoqiang Tan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Guohui Dong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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10
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Wang J, He J, Ma J, Wang X, Feng C, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Wang Y. In-Sb Covalent Bonds over Sb 2Se 3/In 2Se 3 Heterojunction for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10068-10078. [PMID: 38758008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Antimony selenide is a promising P-type photocatalyst, but it has a large number of deep energy level defects, leading to severe carrier recombination. The construction of a heterojunction is a common way to resolve this problem. However, the conventional heterojunction system inevitably introduces interface defects. Herein, we employ in situ synthesis to epitaxially grow In2Se3 nanosheets on Sb2Se3 nanorods and form In-Sb covalent interfacial bonds. This petal-shaped heterostructure reduced interface defects and enhanced the efficiency of carrier separation and transport. In this work, the photocurrent density in the proposed Sb2Se3/In2Se3 photocathode is 0.485 mA cm-2 at 0 VRHE, which is 30 times higher than that of pristine Sb2Se3 and it has prominent long-term stability for 24 h without obvious decay. The results reveal that the synergy of the bidirectional built-in electric field constructed between In2Se3 and Sb2Se3 and the solid In-Sb interfacial bonds together build a high-efficiency transport channel for the photogenerated carriers that display enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance. This work provides efficient guidance for reducing interface defects via the in situ synthesis and construction of interfacial bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jialing He
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Jinling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Chuanzhen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Qingxia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
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11
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He C, Shang L, Zhu H, Yu L, Wang L, Zhang J. Photocatalytic Conversion of Methane to Ethanol at a Three-Phase Interface with Concentration-Matched Hydroxyl and Methyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11968-11977. [PMID: 38630990 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The direct oxidation of CH4 to C2H5OH is attractive but challenging owing to the intricate processes involving carbon-chain growth and hydroxylation simultaneously. The inherent difficulty arises from the strong tendency of CH4 to overoxidize in the commonly used pressurized powder suspension systems rich in reactive oxygen radicals (ROR), which are specifically designed for CH4 concentration and activation. Meanwhile, the strong tendency of nucleophilic attack of potent ROR on the C-C bond of the resulting product C2H5OH ultimately leads to a higher selectivity for C1 oxygenates. This study addresses this multifaceted issue by designing a three-phase interface based on a hydrophilic floating Fe(III)-cross-linked macroporous alginate hydrogel film encapsulated with C3N4 [Fe(III)@ACN] to simultaneously enhance the accessibility of H2O and CH4 molecules to the active sites and species within the macroporous channel. The hydrophilic properties of Fe(III)@ACN allow the in situ production of H2O2 from C3N4 through the water oxidation reaction under irradiation. The concurrent photoinduced Fe(II) triggers Fenton reaction with H2O2 to produce •OH. The enhanced mass transfer of CH4 at the three-phase interface ensures the efficient formation of •CH3 by reacting with •OH, ultimately facilitating carbon-chain growth in the conversion pathway from CH4 to CH3OH and finally to C2H5OH with •CH3 and •OH present in comparable concentrations. Thus, the Fe(III)@ACN catalyst exhibits a remarkable 96% selectivity for alcohol, achieving a 90% selectivity for C2H5OH in the alcohol products. The C2H5OH production rate reaches 171.7 μmol g-1 h-1 without the need for precious-metal additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lan Shang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongfu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lianchao Yu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Environmental Catalysis and Resource Utilization, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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12
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Feng B, Liu Y, Wan K, Zu S, Pei Y, Zhang X, Qiao M, Li H, Zong B. Tailored Exfoliation of Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic H 2O 2 Production and CH 4 Valorization Mediated by O 2 Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401884. [PMID: 38376362 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The exfoliation of bulk C3N4 (BCN) into ultrathin layered structure is an effective strategy to boost photocatalytic efficiency by exposing interior active sites and accelerating charge separation and transportation. Herein, we report a novel nitrate anion intercalation-decomposition (NID) strategy that is effective in peeling off BCN into few-layer C3N4 (fl-CN) with tailored thickness down to bi-layer. This strategy only involves hydrothermal treatment of BCN in diluted HNO3 aqueous solution, followed by pyrolysis at various temperatures. The decomposition of the nitrate anions not only exfoliates BCN and changes the band structure, but also incorporates oxygen species onto fl-CN, which is conducive to O2 adsorption and hence relevant chemical processes. In photocatalytic O2 reduction under visible light irradiation, the H2O2 production rate over the optimal fl-CN-530 catalyst is 952 μmol g-1 h-1, which is 8.8 times that over BCN. More importantly, under full arc irradiation and in the absence of hole scavenger, CH4 can be photocatalytically oxidized by on-site formed H2O2 and active oxygen species to generate value-added C1 oxygenates with high selectivity of 99.2 % and record-high production rate of 1893 μmol g-1 h-1 among the metal-free C3N4-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Sijie Zu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yan Pei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Chemical Engineering, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Qiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hexing Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, P. R. China
| | - Baoning Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Chemical Engineering, Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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13
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Choi JY, Check B, Fang X, Blum S, Pham HTB, Tayman K, Park J. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production through Functionalized Semiconductive Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38602882 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) holds significance as a vital chemical with the potential to serve as an energy carrier. Compared with the conventional anthraquinone process, photocatalytic H2O2 production has emerged as an appealing alternative because of its energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. However, the existing photocatalysts suffer from low catalytic efficiency, limited tunability of optical properties, and reliance on sacrificial agents due to high energy loss caused by inefficient charge separation. Therefore, developing catalysts with tunable optical properties and efficient charge separation is desirable. In this work, we introduce postsynthetic functionalization into an electrically conductive metal-organic framework, namely, DPT-MOF. Leveraging DPT (3,6-di(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) as a pillar ligand, we exploited click-type chemistry to manipulate band position and charge separation efficiency, allowing for photocatalytic nonsacrificial H2O2 production. Notably, the fluorine-functionalized MOF exhibited the highest H2O2 production rate of 1676 μmol g-1 h-1 under visible light in O2-saturated water among our other samples. This high production rate is attributed to the tuned electronic structure and prolonged charge lifetime facilitated by the fluorine groups. This work highlights the effectiveness of postsynthetic methodology in tuning optical properties, opening a promising avenue for advancing the field of semiconductive MOF-based photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Brianna Check
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Samson Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Hoai T B Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kyle Tayman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jihye Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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14
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Li Y, Pei Z, Luan D, Lou XWD. Triple-Phase Photocatalytic H 2O 2 Production on a Janus Fiber Membrane with Asymmetric Hydrophobicity. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3343-3351. [PMID: 38261381 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic O2 reduction is an intriguing approach to producing H2O2, but its efficiency is often hindered by the limited solubility and mass transfer of O2 in the aqueous phase. Here, we design and fabricate a two-layered (2L) Janus fiber membrane photocatalyst with asymmetric hydrophobicity for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production. The top layer of the membrane consists of superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers with a dispersed modified carbon nitride (mCN) photocatalyst. Amphiphilic Nafion (Naf) ionomer is sprayed onto this layer to modulate the microenvironment and achieve moderate hydrophobicity. In contrast, the bottom layer consists of bare PTFE fibers with high hydrophobicity. The elaborate structural configuration and asymmetric hydrophobicity feature of the optimized membrane photocatalyst (designated as 2L-mCN/F-Naf; F, PTFE) allow most mCN to be exposed with gas-liquid-solid triple-phase interfaces and enable rapid mass transfer of gaseous O2 within the hierarchical membrane, thus increasing the local O2 concentration near the mCN photocatalyst. As a result, the optimized 2L-mCN/F-Naf membrane photocatalyst shows remarkable photocatalytic H2O2 production activity, achieving a rate of 5.38 mmol g-1 h-1 under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Zhihao Pei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Deyan Luan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiong Wen David Lou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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15
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Xing F, Liu S, Li J, Wang C, Jin S, Jin H, Li J. Modulate the Strong Exciton Effect by Na + Coordination-Induced Trap States: Efficient Photocatalytic H 2O 2 Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:860-868. [PMID: 38151338 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to the strong Coulomb interaction, in most polymer photocatalysts, electron-hole pairs exist in the form of excitons rather than free charge carriers. The giant excitonic effect is a key obstacle to generating free charge carriers. Therefore, effectively regulating the exciton effect is the first step to achieving optimized carrier separation. Here, we used C-ring/g-C3N4 as the prototypical model system to design a photocatalyst with a Na-coordination-induced trap state. We demonstrate that the excitons can be effectively dissociated into charge carriers by combining with the trap state formed by Na doping sites. Encouragingly, signals from the dissociation of excitons into carriers were observed by ultrafast transient spectroscopy. Benefiting from the enhanced exciton dissociation, Na-C/CN displayed a H2O2 production rate of 17.4 mmol·L-1·h-1 with an apparent quantum efficiency up to 26.9% at 380 nm, which is much higher than many other g-C3N4-based photocatalysts. This work explains the effect of cation doping on the exciton-carrier behavior in polymers. Also, it provides a new way to regulate the exciton effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shiqiao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junyan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaohua Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Hou S, Gao X, Lv X, Zhao Y, Yin X, Liu Y, Fang J, Yu X, Ma X, Ma T, Su D. Decade Milestone Advancement of Defect-Engineered g-C 3N 4 for Solar Catalytic Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:70. [PMID: 38175329 PMCID: PMC10766942 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a universal photocatalyst toward various sustainable carbo-neutral technologies. Despite solar applications discrepancy, g-C3N4 is still confronted with a general fatal issue of insufficient supply of thermodynamically active photocarriers due to its inferior solar harvesting ability and sluggish charge transfer dynamics. Fortunately, this could be significantly alleviated by the "all-in-one" defect engineering strategy, which enables a simultaneous amelioration of both textural uniqueness and intrinsic electronic band structures. To this end, we have summarized an unprecedently comprehensive discussion on defect controls including the vacancy/non-metallic dopant creation with optimized electronic band structure and electronic density, metallic doping with ultra-active coordinated environment (M-Nx, M-C2N2, M-O bonding), functional group grafting with optimized band structure, and promoted crystallinity with extended conjugation π system with weakened interlayered van der Waals interaction. Among them, the defect states induced by various defect types such as N vacancy, P/S/halogen dopants, and cyano group in boosting solar harvesting and accelerating photocarrier transfer have also been emphasized. More importantly, the shallow defect traps identified by femtosecond transient absorption spectra (fs-TAS) have also been highlighted. It is believed that this review would pave the way for future readers with a unique insight into a more precise defective g-C3N4 "customization", motivating more profound thinking and flourishing research outputs on g-C3N4-based photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Hou
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaochun Gao
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyue Lv
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xitao Yin
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Fang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hogo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoguang Ma
- Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, 186 Middle Hongqi Road, Yantai, 264025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Dawei Su
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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17
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Zhang C, Jiang J, Guan Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Song B, Shao W, Zhen L. Unveiling the sp 2 ─sp 3 C─C Polar Bond Induced Electromagnetic Responding Behaviors by a 2D N-doped Carbon Nanosheet Absorber. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306159. [PMID: 38044305 PMCID: PMC10939080 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The infertile electromagnetic (EM) attenuating behavior of carbon material makes the improvement of its performance remain a significant challenge. Herein, a facile and low-cost strategy radically distinct from the prevalent approaches by constructing polar covalent bonds between sp2 -hybridized and sp3 -hybridized carbon atoms to introduce strong dipolar polarization is proposed. Through customizing and selectively engineering the N moieties conjugated with carbon rings, the microstructure of the as-synthesized 2D nanosheet is gradually converted with the partial transition from sp3 carbons to sp2 carbons, where the electric dipoles between them are also tuned. Supported by the DFT calculations, a progressively enhanced sp2 ─sp3 C─C dipolar polarization is caused by this controllable structure evolution, which is demonstrated to contribute dominantly to the total dielectric loss. By virtue of this unduplicated loss behavior, a remarkable effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) beyond -10 dB of 8.28 GHz (2.33 mm) and an ultrawide EAB beyond -5 dB of 13.72 GHz (4.93 mm) are delivered, which upgrade the EM performance of carbon material to a higher level. This study not only demonstrates the huge perspective of sp2 ─sp3 -hybridized carbon in EM elimination but also gives pioneering insights into the carbon-carbon polarization mechanism for guiding the development of advanced EM absorption materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Tang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Precision Hot Processing of MetalsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Zhenjie Guan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Yining Li
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Bo Song
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special EnvironmentsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150080P. R. China
| | - Wenzhu Shao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001P. R. China
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHarbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)Shenzhen518055P. R. China
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18
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Dharmarajan NP, Vidyasagar D, Yang JH, Talapaneni SN, Lee J, Ramadass K, Singh G, Fawaz M, Kumar P, Vinu A. Bio-Inspired Supramolecular Self-Assembled Carbon Nitride Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Water Splitting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306895. [PMID: 37699553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Fast production of hydrogen and oxygen in large amounts at an economic rate is the need of the hour to cater to the needs of the most awaited hydrogen energy, a futuristic renewable energy solution. Production of hydrogen through simple water splitting via visible light photocatalytic approach using sunlight is considered as one of the most promising and sustainable approaches for generating clean fuels. For this purpose, a variety of catalytic techniques and novel catalysts have been investigated. Among these catalysts, carbon nitride is presently deemed as one of the best candidates for the visible light photocatalysis due to its unique molecular structure and adequate visible-range bandgap. Its bandgap can be further engineered by structural and morphological manipulation or by doping/hybridization. Among numerous synthetic approaches for carbon nitrides, supramolecular self-assembly is one of the recently developed elegant bottom-up strategies as it is bio-inspired and provides a facile and eco-friendly route to synthesize high surface area carbon nitride with superior morphological features and other semiconducting and catalytic properties. The current review article broadly covers supramolecular self-assembly synthesis of carbon nitride nanostructures and their photocatalytic water-splitting applications and provides a comprehensive outlook on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithinraj Panangattu Dharmarajan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Devthade Vidyasagar
- Material Science & Engineering Department, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Yang
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | | | - Jangmee Lee
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mohammed Fawaz
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
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19
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Li S, Yang Y, Wan S, Wang R, Yu M, Song F, Zhong Q. Supramolecular self-assemble deficient carbon nitride nanotubes for efficient photocatalytic CO 2 reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 651:726-733. [PMID: 37567116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitride is an attractive non-metallic photocatalyst due to its small surface area, rapid electron-hole recombination, and low absorption of visible light. In this study, one-dimensional carbon nitride nanotubes were successfully synthesized by supramolecular self-assembly method for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 under mild conditions. The material demonstrates significantly improved CO2-to-CO activity compared to bulk carbon nitride under visible light irradiation, with a rate of 12.58 μmol g-1h-1, which is 3.37 times higher than that of pristine carbon nitride. This enhanced activity can be attributed to the abundant oxygen defects and nitrogen vacancies in the unique tubular carbon nitride structure, which results in the generation of more active sites and the efficient acceleration of the migration of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Various characterizations collectively support the presence of these defects and vacancies. Moreover, in situ DRIFTS spectroscopy supported the proposed reaction mechanism for the photoreduction of CO2. This eco-friendly design approach provides novel insights into utilizing solar energy for the production of value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Shipeng Wan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ruonan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Mingyi Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China
| | - Fujiao Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Qin Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, PR China.
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20
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Chava RK, Kang M. Ordered and carbon-doped porous polymeric graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets toward enhanced visible light absorption and efficient photocatalytic H 2 evolution. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18347-18358. [PMID: 37921504 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04270g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
An effective and rational pathway to tune the electronic bandstructure and visible light absorption properties of low-cost organic graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, GCN) photocatalysts is still very challenging. Here, an efficient strategy is validated to tailor the bandstructure of g-C3N4 and C-doping can be regulated by polymerizing melamine with malonic acid, which can greatly extend the photoresponse range to 900 nm. The optimized GCN exhibits an improved photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 663.6 μmol g-1 h-1 under visible light irradiation and an apparent quantum yield of 11% at 420 nm, which is three times higher than that of traditional bulk g-C3N4. This superior performance is derived from the unique ordered and porous structure of GCN, which effectively improves its light absorption and provides a larger specific surface area. In addition, the introduction of malonic acid into melamine and the subsequent thermal polymerization reaction further optimize the band structure of GCN, extend its light absorption via C-doping, and improve the photoinduced charge separation, resulting in high photocatalytic performance. This strategy provides a novel platform to design highly efficient GCN-based photocatalysts with precisely tunable operation windows and enhanced charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Chava
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Misook Kang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Li Y, Guo Y, Luan D, Gu X, Lou XWD. An Unlocked Two-Dimensional Conductive Zn-MOF on Polymeric Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic H 2 O 2 Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310847. [PMID: 37698180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing highly efficient catalytic sites for O2 reduction to H2 O2 , while ensuring the fast injection of energetic electrons into these sites, is crucial for artificial H2 O2 photosynthesis but remains challenging. Herein, we report a strongly coupled hybrid photocatalyst comprising polymeric carbon nitride (CN) and a two-dimensional conductive Zn-containing metal-organic framework (Zn-MOF) (denoted as CN/Zn-MOF(lc)/400; lc, low crystallinity; 400, annealing temperature in °C), in which the catalytic capability of Zn-MOF(lc) for H2 O2 production is unlocked by the annealing-induced effects. As revealed by experimental and theoretical calculation results, the Zn sites coordinated to four O (Zn-O4 ) in Zn-MOF(lc) are thermally activated to a relatively electron-rich state due to the annealing-induced local structure shrinkage, which favors the formation of a key *OOH intermediate of 2e- O2 reduction on these sites. Moreover, the annealing treatment facilitates the photoelectron migration from the CN photocatalyst to the Zn-MOF(lc) catalytic unit. As a result, the optimized catalyst exhibits dramatically enhanced H2 O2 production activity and excellent stability under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Deyan Luan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiong Wen David Lou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Chu X, Sathish CI, Yang JH, Guan X, Zhang X, Qiao L, Domen K, Wang S, Vinu A, Yi J. Strategies for Improving the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Carbon Nitride-Based Catalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302875. [PMID: 37309270 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and their-related environmental issues, sustainable, clean, and renewable energy is urgently needed to replace fossil fuel as the primary energy resource. Hydrogen is considered as one of the cleanest energies. Among the approaches to hydrogen production, photocatalysis is the most sustainable and renewable solar energy technique. Considering the low cost of fabrication, earth abundance, appropriate bandgap, and high performance, carbon nitride has attracted extensive attention as the catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production in the last two decades. In this review, the carbon nitride-based photocatalytic hydrogen production system, including the catalytic mechanism and the strategies for improving the photocatalytic performance is discussed. According to the photocatalytic processes, the strengthened mechanism of carbon nitride-based catalysts is particularly described in terms of boosting the excitation of electrons and holes, suppressing carriers recombination, and enhancing the utilization efficiency of photon-excited electron-hole. Finally, the current trends related to the screening design of superior photocatalytic hydrogen production systems are outlined, and the development direction of carbon nitride for hydrogen production is clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Chu
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - C I Sathish
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jae-Hun Yang
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xinwei Guan
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Xiangwei Zhang
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Liang Qiao
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 4-17-1, Wakasato, Nagano-shi, Nagano, 380-8533, Japan
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Center of Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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23
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Liu D, Fang C, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Cui X, Shi C, Xu J, Yang M. Kagome-like BiP 3 Monolayer: An Emerging Quasi-Direct Auxetic Semiconductor Coupled with High Anisotropic Mobility toward Visible-Light-Driven Photoelectrocatalytic pH-Robust Overall Water-Splitting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12890-12909. [PMID: 37650549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Janus materials exhibit an outstanding potential that can meet the rigorous requirements of photocatalytic water splitting resulting from their unique atomic arrangement. However, these materials are quite scarce. Through ab initio density functional theory calculations, we introduce a kagome topology into the honeycomb lattice of blue phosphorene using phosphorus and bismuth atoms to build a hybrid honeycomb-like kagome lattice, realized by a hitherto unknown kagome-like Janus-like BiP3 monolayer with robust stability. Excitingly, the out-of-plane asymmetry benefiting from kagome and honeycomb topologies gives rise to a significantly negative out-of-plane Poisson's ratio and an obvious built-in electric field pointing from the sublayer of the P atom to the sublayer of the Bi atom. In conjunction with the investigations that encompass semiconducting properties, such as a quasi-direct gap, suitable band-edge positions, effective visible-light absorption, and high carrier mobility, the BiP3 monolayer achieves overall water splitting at pH 0-14 regardless of strain. Moreover, this intrinsic electric field provides a sufficient photogenerated carrier driving force for water splitting. The bare BiP3 comprises P and Bi atoms that function as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) active sites, respectively. Upon exposure to light, the reaction of water into H2 and O2 can be observed across a pH range of 0-14. Meanwhile, by designing a transition-metal single-atom catalyst (TM@BiP3), our investigations have shown that embedding a single TM on BiP3 is a feasible route to improving the HER/OER activity by reducing the overpotentials to -0.039 and 0.58 eV for Mo and Os atoms, respectively. In this case, the positive value of the external potential acts as a sufficient OER driving force, i.e., in the light environment, the Os@BiP3 system can promote water molecules spontaneously oxidized into O2 at pH 0-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyao Fang
- Department of Physics, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihang Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Cui
- Department of Physics, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglong Shi
- Department of Physics, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcheng Xu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, People's Republic of China
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24
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Chen Z, Wang C, Zhong X, Lei H, Li J, Ji Y, Liu C, Ding M, Dai Y, Li X, Zheng T, Jiang Q, Peng HJ, Xia C. Achieving Efficient CO 2 Electrolysis to CO by Local Coordination Manipulation of Nickel Single-Atom Catalysts. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7046-7053. [PMID: 37470490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Selective electroreduction of CO2 to C1 feed gas provides an attractive avenue to store intermittent renewable energy. However, most of the CO2-to-CO catalysts are designed from the perspective of structural reconstruction, and it is challenging to precisely design a meaningful confining microenvironment for active sites on the support. Herein, we report a local sulfur doping method to precisely tune the electronic structure of an isolated asymmetric nickel-nitrogen-sulfur motif (Ni1-NSC). Our Ni1-NSC catalyst presents >99% faradaic efficiency for CO2-to-CO under a high current density of -320 mA cm-2. In situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry indicated that the asymmetric sites show a significantly weaker binding strength of *CO and a lower kinetic overpotential for CO2-to-CO. Further theoretical analysis revealed that the enhanced CO2 reduction reaction performance of Ni1-NSC was mainly due to the effectively decreased intermediate activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Chen
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Chuanhao Wang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhong
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ji
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Mao Ding
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Dai
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Jiang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313001, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Jie Peng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313001, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Xia
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313001, P. R. China
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25
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Che H, Wang J, Wang P, Ao Y, Chen J, Gao X, Zhu F, Liu B. Simultaneously Achieving Fast Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Mass Transport in Holey D-π-A Organic Conjugated Polymers for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Pollutant Degradation. JACS AU 2023; 3:1424-1434. [PMID: 37234118 PMCID: PMC10206595 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously realizing efficient intramolecular charge transfer and mass transport in metal-free polymer photocatalysts is critical but challenging for environmental remediation. Herein, we develop a simple strategy to construct holey polymeric carbon nitride (PCN)-based donor-π-acceptor organic conjugated polymers via copolymerizing urea with 5-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (PCN-5B2T D-π-A OCPs). The resultant PCN-5B2T D-π-A OCPs extended the π-conjugate structure and introduced abundant micro-, meso-, and macro-pores, which greatly promoted intramolecular charge transfer, light absorption, and mass transport and thus significantly enhanced the photocatalytic performance in pollutant degradation. The apparent rate constant of the optimized PCN-5B2T D-π-A OCP for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT) removal is ∼10 times higher than that of the pure PCN. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the photogenerated electrons in PCN-5B2T D-π-A OCPs are much easier to transfer from the donor tertiary amine group to the benzene π-bridge and then to the acceptor imine group, while 2-MBT is more easily adsorbed on π-bridge and reacts with the photogenerated holes. A Fukui function calculation on the intermediates of 2-MBT predicted the real-time changing of actual reaction sites during the entire degradation process. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics further verified the rapid mass transport in holey PCN-5B2T D-π-A OCPs. These results demonstrate a novel concept toward highly efficient photocatalysis for environmental remediation by improving both intramolecular charge transfer and mass transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huinan Che
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yanhui Ao
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key
Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow
Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Shanghai
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, City
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong-SAR 999077, China
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26
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Garcia-Munoz P, Valenzuela L, Wegstein D, Schanz T, Lopez GE, Ruppert AM, Remita H, Bloh JZ, Keller N. Photocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Molecular Oxygen and Water. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:15. [PMID: 37160833 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful and green oxidant that allows for the oxidation of a wide span of organic and inorganic substrates in liquid media under mild reaction conditions, and forms only molecular water and oxygen as end products. Hydrogen peroxide is therefore used in a wide range of applications, for which the well-documented and established anthraquinone autoxidation process is by far the dominating production method at the industrial scale. As this method is highly energy consuming and environmentally costly, the search for more sustainable synthesis methods is of high interest. To this end, the article reviews the basis and the recent development of the photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Different oxygen reduction and water oxidation mechanisms are discussed, as well as several kinetic models, and the influence of the main key reaction parameters is itemized. A large range of photocatalytic materials is reviewed, with emphasis on titania-based photocatalysts and on high-prospect graphitic carbon nitride-based systems that take advantage of advanced bulk and surface synthetic approaches. Strategies for enhancing the performances of solar-driven photocatalysts are reported, and the search for new, alternative, photocatalytic materials is detailed. Finally, the promise of in situ photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide for water treatment and organic synthesis is described, as well as its coupling with enzymes and the direct in situ synthesis of other technical peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garcia-Munoz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valenzuela
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, France
| | - Deborah Wegstein
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Schanz
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Girlie Eunice Lopez
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Agnieszka M Ruppert
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Hynd Remita
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jonathan Z Bloh
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolas Keller
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, France.
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27
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Zhang Z, Ren L, Li H, Jiang D, Fang Y, Du H, Xu G, Zhu C, Li H, Lu Z, Yuan Y. π-Conjugated In-Plane Heterostructure Enables Long-Lived Shallow Trapping in Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Increased Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207173. [PMID: 36740721 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The relatively short-lived excited states, such as the nascent electron-hole pairs (excitons) and the shallow trapping states, in semiconductor-based photocatalysts produce an exceptionally high charge carrier recombination rate, dominating a low solar-to-fuel performance. Here, a π-conjugated in-plane heterostructure between graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) and carbon rings (Crings ) (labeling g-CN/Crings ) is effectively synthesized from the thermolysis of melamine-citric acid aggregates via a microwave-assisted heating process. The g-CN/Crings in-plane heterostructure shows remarkably suppressed excited-state decay and increased charge carrier population in photocatalysis. Kinetics analysis from the femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy illustrates that the g-CN/Crings π-conjugated heterostructure produces slower exciton annihilation (τ1 = 7.9 ps) and longer shallow electron trapping (τ2 = 407.1 ps) than pristine g-CN (τ1 = 3.6 ps, τ2 = 264.1 ps) owing to Crings incorporation, both of which enable more photoinduced electrons to participate in the photocatalytic reactions, thereby realizing photoactivity enhancement. As a result, the photocatalytic activity exhibits an eightfold enhancement in visible-light-driven H2 generation. This work provides a viable route of constructing π-conjugated in-plane heterostructures to suppress the excited-state decay and improve the photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Liteng Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, and the Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, P. R. China
| | - Daochuan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Yuetong Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, and the Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Haiwei Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Gengsheng Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Huiquan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, and the Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, 236037, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, and the Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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28
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Gou N, Yang W, Gao S, Li Q. Incorporation of ultrathin porous metal-free graphite carbon nitride nanosheets in polyvinyl chloride for efficient photodegradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130795. [PMID: 36669405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of waste plastics is one of the promising approaches to solve the "white pollution" problem. In this work, a low cost, metal-free, environmentally friendly organic photocatalyst, graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4), was used for the first time to successfully enhance the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) under simulated sunlight from its visible light photocatalytic capability, while its organic nature and abundant surface functional groups were beneficial for its good dispersion in plastics. It was found that the ultrathin porous g-C3N4 nanosheet synthesized from urea (the UCN sample) had much stronger photodegradation effect in PVC/g-C3N4 composite films than its thick block counterpart synthesized with melamine (the MCN sample) due to its larger specific surface area, higher pore volume, and enhanced photogenerated charge carrier separation. With the incorporation of only 1 wt% UCN sample into PVC, its mechanical properties were largely enhanced with the tensile strength increase of ∼ 45% and the elongation at break increase of ∼ 72%, and its weight loss increased ∼ 58% after 120 h irradiation in the weather resistance test chamber. ·O2- and h+ produced by the UCN sample were found as the main active species in the photocatalytic degradation of PVC to dechlorinate PVC and decompose its long-chain molecules into short-chain small molecules until its final degradation into CO2 and H2O under ideal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Weiyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China.
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29
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Zhou X, Liu S, Yang C, Qin J, Hu Y. Photocatalytic hydrogen energy recovery from sulfide-containing wastewater using thiol-UiO-66 modified Mn0.5Cd0.5S nanocomposites. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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30
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Maxim FI, Tanasa E, Mitrea B, Diac C, Skála T, Tanase LC, Ianăși C, Ciocanea A, Antohe S, Vasile E, Fagadar-Cosma E, Stamatin SN. Polymeric Carbon Nitrides for Photoelectrochemical Applications: Ring Opening-Induced Degradation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1248. [PMID: 37049341 PMCID: PMC10097008 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Active and stable materials that utilize solar radiation for promoting different reactions are critical for emerging technologies. Two of the most common polymeric carbon nitrides were prepared by the thermal polycondensation of melamine. The scope of this work is to investigate possible structural degradation before and after photoelectrochemical testing. The materials were characterized using synchrotron radiation and lab-based techniques, and subsequently degraded photoelectrochemically, followed by post-mortem analysis. Post-mortem investigations reveal: (1) carbon atoms bonded to three nitrogen atoms change into carbon atoms bonded to two nitrogen atoms and (2) the presence of methylene terminals in post-mortem materials. The study concludes that polymeric carbon nitrides are susceptible to photoelectrochemical degradation via ring opening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia Tanasa
- Department of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Mitrea
- 3Nano-SAE Research Centre, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Cornelia Diac
- 3Nano-SAE Research Centre, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Tomáš Skála
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Cătălin Ianăși
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adrian Ciocanea
- Hydraulics and Environmental Engineering Department, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan Antohe
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR), Ilfov No 3, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugeniu Vasile
- Department of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugenia Fagadar-Cosma
- “Coriolan Drăgulescu” Institute of Chemistry, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Serban N. Stamatin
- 3Nano-SAE Research Centre, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
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31
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Wang N, Cheng L, Liao Y, Xiang Q. Effect of Functional Group Modifications on the Photocatalytic Performance of g-C 3 N 4. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300109. [PMID: 36965084 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, photocatalysis has received increasing attention in alleviating energy scarcity and environmental treatment, and graphite carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) is used as an ideal photocatalyst. However, it still remains numerous challenges to obtain the desirable photocatalytic performance of intrinsic g-C3 N4 . Functional group functionalization, formed by introducing functional groups into the bulk structure, is one of the common modification techniques to modulate the carrier dynamics and increases the number of active sites, offering new opportunities to break the limits for structure-to-performance relationship of g-C3 N4 . Nevertheless, the general overview of the advance of functional group modification of g-C3 N4 is less reported yet. In order to better understand the structure-to-performance relationship at the molecular level, a review of the latest development of functional group modification is urgently needed. In this review, the functional group modification of g-C3 N4 in terms of structures, properties, and photocatalytic activity is mainly focused, as well as their mechanism of reaction from the molecular level insights is explained. Second, the recent progress of the application of introducing functional groups in g-C3 N4 is introduced and examples are given. Finally, the difficulties and challenges are presented, and based on this, an outlook on the future research development direction is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Quanjun Xiang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
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32
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Sakakibara N, Shizuno M, Kanazawa T, Kato K, Yamakata A, Nozawa S, Ito T, Terashima K, Maeda K, Tamaki Y, Ishitani O. Surface-Specific Modification of Graphitic Carbon Nitride by Plasma for Enhanced Durability and Selectivity of Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction with a Supramolecular Photocatalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13205-13218. [PMID: 36857173 PMCID: PMC10020964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is in high demand for sustainable energy management. Hybrid photocatalysts combining semiconductors with supramolecular photocatalysts represent a powerful strategy for constructing visible-light-driven CO2 reduction systems with strong oxidation power. Here, we demonstrate the novel effects of plasma surface modification of graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4), which is an organic semiconductor, to achieve better affinity and electron transfer at the interface of a hybrid photocatalyst consisting of C3N4 and a Ru(II)-Ru(II) binuclear complex (RuRu'). This plasma treatment enabled the "surface-specific" introduction of oxygen functional groups via the formation of a carbon layer, which worked as active sites for adsorbing metal-complex molecules with methyl phosphonic-acid anchoring groups onto the plasma-modified surface of C3N4. Upon photocatalytic CO2 reduction with the hybrid under visible-light irradiation, the plasma-surface-modified C3N4 with RuRu' enhanced the durability of HCOOH production by three times compared to that achieved when using a nonmodified system. The high selectivity of HCOOH production against byproduct evolution (H2 and CO) was improved, and the turnover number of HCOOH production based on the RuRu' used reached 50 000, which is the highest among the metal-complex/semiconductor hybrid systems reported thus far. The improved activity is mainly attributed to the promotion of electron transfer from C3N4 to RuRu' under light irradiation via the accumulation of electrons trapped in deep defect sites on the plasma-modified surface of C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noritaka Sakakibara
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi
Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shizuno
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kanazawa
- Japan
Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi
Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kosaku Kato
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama
University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Akira Yamakata
- Faculty
of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama
University, 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Tsuyohito Ito
- Department
of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuo Terashima
- Department
of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate
School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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33
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Nie X, Zhao Y, Gao W, Liu W, Cheng X, Gao Y, Shang N, Gao S, Wang C. Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers Toward Amines Oxidation Coupled with H 2 O 2 Generation through Extending Monomer's Conjugation Degree. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203607. [PMID: 36482168 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven amines oxidation coupled with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) generation is a promising way to convert solar energy to chemical energy. Herein, a series of hyper-cross-linked polymers (HCPs) photocatalysts with different arenes monomers, including benzene (BE), diphenyl (DP), p-terphenyl (TP), or p-quaterphenyl (QP), were synthesized by simple Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction. Owing to the maximum monomer's conjunction degree and excellent oxygen (O2 ) adsorption capacity, QP-HCPs exhibited highest photocatalytic activity for benzylamine oxidation coupled with H2 O2 generation under the irradiation of 455 nm Blue LED lamp. More than 99 % of benzylamine could be converted to N-benzylidenebenzylamine within 60 min. In addition, nearly stoichiometric H2 O2 was synchronously obtained with a high production rate of 9.3 mmol gcat -1 h-1 . Our work not only demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity of HCPs photocatalysts significantly depends on monomer's conjunction degree, but also provided a new strategy for converting solar energy to chemical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Nie
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Liu
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P.R. China
| | - Ningzhao Shang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Shutao Gao
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, P.R. China
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34
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Wang J, Niu L, Huang H, Miao J, Wei A, Zhang W, Liu Y. Synthesis of hierarchical Cd-Ni-MOF micro/nanostructures and derived Cd-Ni-MOF/CdS/NiS hybrid photocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2472-2484. [PMID: 36727533 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt04030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical micro/nanostructures assembled from nanorods and nanosheets have become promising candidates for photocatalysis. In this work, a series of hierarchical Cd-Ni-MOF micro/nanostructures, assembled from nanosheets and nanorods, were fabricated via a two-step solvothermal process involving the partial replacement of Ni2+ with Cd2+ in the Ni-MOF-74 structure. Different morphologies were obtained by considering different volume ratios of DMF and ethanol as the solvent during synthesis. Hierarchical Cd-Ni-MOF-T/CdS/NiS hybrid micro/nanostructures were synthesized by Ni2+ and Cd2+ exchange of Cd-Ni-MOFs with S2-. The as-prepared samples, which were composed of thin nanosheets alone, exhibited the best photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of about 40.08 mmol g-1 h-1. The p-n junction between CdS and NiS was found to be beneficial for the migration of photogenerated electrons from the conduction band (CB) of NiS to the CB of CdS. The heterojunction between CdS and Cd-Ni-MOF-T further promoted the transfer of an electron from the CB of CdS to the CB of Cd-Ni-MOF-T. Thus, this study demonstrated that hierarchical Cd-Ni-MOF-T/CdS/NiS architectures have a large specific surface area, leading to significantly improved photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, PR China.
| | - Lu Niu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, PR China.
| | - Huichuan Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Miao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, PR China.
| | - Aili Wei
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, PR China.
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, PR China.
| | - Yiming Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, PR China.
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35
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Chen D, Chen W, Wu Y, Wang L, Wu X, Xu H, Chen L. Covalent Organic Frameworks Containing Dual O 2 Reduction Centers for Overall Photosynthetic Hydrogen Peroxide Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217479. [PMID: 36576381 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly desirable for achieving high-efficiency overall photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) via molecular design. However, precise construction of COFs toward overall photosynthetic H2 O2 remains a great challenge. Herein, we report the crystalline s-heptazine-based COFs (HEP-TAPT-COF and HEP-TAPB-COF) with separated redox centers for efficient H2 O2 production from O2 and pure water. The spatially and orderly separated active sites in HEP-COFs can efficiently promote charge separation and enhance photocatalytic H2 O2 production. Compared with HEP-TAPB-COF, HEP-TAPT-COF exhibits higher H2 O2 production efficiency for integrating dual O2 reduction active centers of s-heptazine and triazine moieties. Accordingly, HEP-TAPT-COF bearing dual O2 reduction centers exhibits a remarkable solar-to-chemical energy efficiency of 0.65 % with a high apparent quantum efficiency of 15.35 % at 420 nm, surpassing previously reported COF-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weiben Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Hangxun Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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36
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Yang Y, Chu X, Zhang HY, Zhang R, Liu YH, Zhang FM, Lu M, Yang ZD, Lan YQ. Engineering β-ketoamine covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic overall water splitting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:593. [PMID: 36737616 PMCID: PMC9898260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging type of crystalline and porous photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution, however, the overall water splitting activity of COFs is rarely known. In this work, we firstly realized overall water splitting activity of β-ketoamine COFs by systematically engineering N-sites, architecture, and morphology. By in situ incorporating sub-nanometer platinum (Pt) nanoparticles co-catalyst into the pores of COFs nanosheets, both Pt@TpBpy-NS and Pt@TpBpy-2-NS show visible-light-driven overall water splitting activity, with the optimal H2 and O2 evolution activities of 9.9 and 4.8 μmol in 5 h for Pt@TpBpy-NS, respectively, and a maximum solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 0.23%. The crucial factors affecting the activity including N-sites position, nano morphology, and co-catalyst distribution were systematically explored. Further mechanism investigation reveals the tiny diversity of N sites in COFs that induces great differences in electron transfer as well as reaction potential barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Chu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ming Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Lu
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Di Yang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of CO2 Resource Utilization and Energy Catalytic Materials, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Liu C, Sun S, Yu M, Zhou Y, Zhang X, Niu J. Rapid photocatalytic degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A using synergistic p-n/Z-scheme dual heterojunction of black phosphorus nanosheets/FeSe2/g-C3N4. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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38
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Yu H, Dai M, Zhang J, Chen W, Jin Q, Wang S, He Z. Interface Engineering in 2D/2D Heterogeneous Photocatalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205767. [PMID: 36478659 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Assembling different 2D nanomaterials into heterostructures with strong interfacial interactions presents a promising approach for novel artificial photocatalytic materials. Chemically implementing the 2D nanomaterials' construction/stacking modes to regulate different interfaces can extend their functionalities and achieve good performance. Herein, based on different fundamental principles and photochemical processes, multiple construction modes (e.g., face-to-face, edge-to-face, interface-to-face, edge-to-edge) are overviewed systematically with emphasis on the relationships between their interfacial characteristics (e.g., point, linear, planar), synthetic strategies (e.g., in situ growth, ex situ assembly), and enhanced applications to achieve precise regulation. Meanwhile, recent efforts for enhancing photocatalytic performances of 2D/2D heterostructures are summarized from the critical factors of enhancing visible light absorption, accelerating charge transfer/separation, and introducing novel active sites. Notably, the crucial roles of surface defects, cocatalysts, and surface modification for photocatalytic performance optimization of 2D/2D heterostructures are also discussed based on the synergistic effect of optimization engineering and heterogeneous interfaces. Finally, perspectives and challenges are proposed to emphasize future opportunities for expanding 2D/2D heterostructures for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenhan Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qiu Jin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zuoli He
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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39
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Ikram M, Haider A, Imran M, Haider J, Ul-Hamid A, Shahzadi A, Malik R, Kashaf-Ul-Ain, Nabgan W, Nazir G, Ali S. Graphitic-C 3N 4/chitosan-doped NiO nanostructure to treat the polluted water and their bactericidal with in silico molecular docking analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:962-973. [PMID: 36460247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Different concentrations (2 and 4 wt%) of graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was doped into fixed amount of chitosan (CS) and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs) via a co-precipitation route. The aim of study is to remove the pollutants from wastewater through catalytic activity (CA) and determine the bactericidal activities of synthesized products. X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the cubic structure of NiO NPs and peak shifted to higher angle upon g-C3N4 doping. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the existence of bending and stretching vibration mode. The absorption decreased gradually accompanied blue-shift and assessed bandgap energy increased upon doping. The high resolution transmission electron microscopy micrographs confirmed the formation of cubic-shaped NPs and elongated nanorods were seen for NiO and co-doped NiO. The catalytic efficiency of samples was examined using methylene blue (MB) in the presence of reducing agent. A remarkable dye de-colorization was confirmed with a g-C3N4 and CS doping; moreover, the bactericidal efficacy compared to Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was observed as 3.15 and 13.8 mm, respectively. In silico, molecular docking investigations targeting against b-lactamaseS. aureus and FabHE. coli enzymes assisted to elaborate the mechanism underlying microbicidal action of the NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram
- Solar Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakpattan Road, Sahiwal, Punjab 57000, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Haider
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Core Research Facilities, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anum Shahzadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rumaisa Malik
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University, 14 Ali Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashaf-Ul-Ain
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University, 14 Ali Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Ghazanfar Nazir
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Salamat Ali
- Department of Physics, Riphah Institute of Computing and Applied Sciences (RICAS), Riphah International University, 14 Ali Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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40
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Shi H, Feng D, Li H, Yu D, Chen X. Hydrophilic hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks/g-C3N4 all-organic Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production and dye degradation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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41
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Zhou W, Deng QW, He HJ, Yang L, Liu TY, Wang X, Zheng DY, Dai ZB, Sun L, Liu C, Wu H, Li Z, Deng WQ. Heterogenization of Salen Metal Molecular Catalysts in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214143. [PMID: 36401588 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrating a molecular catalyst with a light harvester into a photocatalyst is an effective strategy for solar light conversion. However, it is challenging to establish a crystallized framework with well-organized connections that favour charge separation and transfer. Herein, we report the heterogenization of a Salen metal complex molecular catalyst into a rigid covalent organic framework (COF) through covalent linkage with the light-harvesting unit of pyrene for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The chemically conjugated bonds between the two units contribute to fast photogenerated electron transfer and thereby promote the proton reduction reaction. The Salen cobalt-based COF showed the best hydrogen evolution activity (1378 μmol g-1 h-1 ), which is superior to the previously reported nonnoble metal based COF photocatalysts. This work provides a strategy to construct atom-efficient photocatalysts by the heterogenization of molecular catalysts into covalent organic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qi-Wen Deng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Hui-Jie He
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Tian-Yi Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Dao-Yuan Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Zhang-Ben Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Wei-Qiao Deng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, No. 72, Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
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Bai X, Shi J, Xu L, Jin X, Shi X, Jin P. Fe-g-C 3N 4/reduced graphene oxide lightless application for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation and pollutant mineralization: Comprehensive exploration of reactive sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158799. [PMID: 36113786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the shortcomings of homogeneous Fe ion activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS), such as high pH-dependence, limited cycling of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and sludge production, graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is chosen as a support for Fe ions, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is employed to facilitate the electron transfer process, thereby enhancing catalysis. Herein, a ternary catalyst, Fe-g-C3N4/rGO, is first applied under lightless condition for PMS activation, which exhibits ideal performance for contaminant mineralization. 82.5 % of the total organic carbon (TOC) in 100 mL of 5 mg/L bis-phenol A (BPA) was removed within 20 min by the optimal catalyst named 30%rFe0.2CN, which shows a strong pH adaptability over the range of 3-11 compared with a common Fenton-like system. Moreover, the highly stable Fe-g-C3N4/rGO/PMS catalytic system resists complex water matrices, especially those with high turbidity. To unveil the mechanism of PMS activation and pollutant degradation, the physicochemical properties of the as-prepared catalysts are comprehensively characterized by multiple techniques. The Fe(III) contained in both the Fe-N group and α-Fe2O3 component of 30%rFe0.2CN not only directly reacts with PMS to produce sulfate radicals (SO4-) and hydroxyl radicals (OH), but also combines with PMS to form the essential [Fe(III)OOSO3]+ active complex, thereby generating superoxide radicals (O2-) and singlet oxygen (1O2). Among the various reactive oxidizing species, 1O2 plays an important role in pollutant removal, which is additionally generated by the CO moiety of the catalyst activating PMS as well as PMS self-oxidation, indicating the dominance of the non-radical pathway in the pollutant degradation process. Due to the advantages of high efficiency, wide pH adaptability and stability, the proposed lightless Fe-g-C3N4/rGO/PMS catalytic system represents a promising avenue for practical wastewater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Juan Shi
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Xuan Shi
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710049, China.
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Ai M, Pan L, Chen Y, Shi C, Huang ZF, Zhang X, Zou JJ. Atomic symmetry alteration in carbon nitride to modulate charge distribution for efficient photocatalysis. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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44
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Hassan IU, Naikoo GA, Salim H, Awan T, Tabook MA, Pedram MZ, Mustaqeem M, Sohani A, Hoseinzadeh S, Saleh TA. Advances in Photochemical Splitting of Seawater over Semiconductor Nano-Catalysts for Hydrogen Production: A Critical Review. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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45
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An Insight into Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Photocatalytic Water Splitting for Green Hydrogen Production. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the energy shortage and environmental pollution are the burning global issues. For centuries, fossil fuels have been used to meet worldwide energy demand. However, thousands of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned, contributing to global warming. Therefore, green energy must replace fossil fuels, and hydrogen is a prime choice. Photocatalytic water splitting (PWS) under solar irradiation could address energy and environmental problems. In the past decade, solar photocatalysts have been used to manufacture sustainable fuels. Scientists are working to synthesize a reliable, affordable, and light-efficient photocatalyst. Developing efficient photocatalysts for water redox reactions in suspension is a key to solar energy conversion. Semiconductor nanoparticles can be used as photocatalysts to accelerate redox reactions to generate chemical fuel or electricity. Carbon materials are substantial photocatalysts for total WS under solar irradiation due to their high activity, high stability, low cost, easy production, and structural diversity. Carbon-based materials such as graphene, graphene oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and carbon quantum dots can be used as semiconductors, photosensitizers, cocatalysts, and support materials. This review comprehensively explains how carbon-based composite materials function as photocatalytic semiconductors for hydrogen production, the water-splitting mechanism, and the chemistry of redox reactions. Also, how heteroatom doping, defects and surface functionalities, etc., can influence the efficiency of carbon photocatalysts in H2 production. The challenges faced in the PWS process and future prospects are briefly discussed.
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Zhang J, Ye G, Zhang C, Pan Z, Wang S, Zhang G, Wang X. Heptazine-Based Ordered-Distorted Copolymers with Enhanced Visible-Light Absorption for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201616. [PMID: 36319589 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(heptazine imide) (PHI), one of the attractive allotropes of polymeric carbon nitride, has recently received extensive attention in photocatalysis due to its extended conjugation for fast separation and transfer of the charges. However, pristine PHI bears an intrinsic optical absorption band edge at 460 nm, which largely restrains the visible light utilization. Herein, the narrow-bandgap PHI (N-PHI) with an ordered-distorted interface was fabricated from polycondensation of the mixture of NaSCN, cyanuric chloride, and LiCl. Results revealed that the enhanced optical absorption and the promoted separation and transfer of the charge carriers at the interface greatly improved the photocatalytic performance, which endowed N-PHI with an apparent quantum yield of 20 % for hydrogen production at 450 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Gui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Sibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Guigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 350108, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
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Khan J, Sun Y, Han L. A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2201013. [PMID: 36336653 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by natural photosynthesis, harnessing the wide range of natural solar energy and utilizing appropriate semiconductor-based catalysts to convert carbon dioxide into beneficial energy species, for example, CO, CH4 , HCOOH, and CH3 COH have been shown to be a sustainable and more environmentally friendly approach. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) has been regarded as a highly effective photocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction, owing to its cost-effectiveness, high thermal and chemical stability, visible light absorption capability, and low toxicity. However, weaker electrical conductivity, fast recombination rate, smaller visible light absorption window, and reduced surface area make this catalytic material unsuitable for commercial photocatalytic applications. Therefore, certain procedures, including elemental doping, structural modulation, functional group adjustment of g-C3 N4 , the addition of metal complex motif, and others, may be used to improve its photocatalytic activity towards effective CO2 reduction. This review has investigated the scientific community's perspectives on synthetic pathways and material optimization approaches used to increase the selectivity and efficiency of the g-C3 N4 -based hybrid structures, as well as their benefits and drawbacks on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Finally, the review concludes a comparative discussion and presents a promising picture of the future scope of the improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Khan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Adv. Mater. and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Adv. Mater. and Technology for Clean Energy, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Embedding Aromatic Conjugated Monomer within Carbon Nitride for Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction Reactions. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu J, Liu Z, Lin X, Jiang E, Zhang S, Huo P, Yan Y, Zhou P, Yan Y. Breaking through water-splitting bottlenecks over carbon nitride with fluorination. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6999. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride has long been considered incapable of splitting water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen without adding small molecule organics despite the fact that the visible-light response and proper band structure fulfills the proper energy requirements to evolve oxygen. Herein, through in-situ observations of a collective C = O bonding, we identify the long-hidden bottleneck of photocatalytic overall water splitting on a single-phased g-C3N4 catalyst via fluorination. As carbon sites are occupied with surface fluorine atoms, intermediate C=O bonding is vastly minimized on the surface and an order-of-magnitude improved H2 evolution rate compared to the pristine g-C3N4 catalyst and continuous O2 evolution is achieved. Density functional theory calculations suggest an optimized oxygen evolution reaction pathway on neighboring N atoms by C–F interaction, which effectively avoids the excessively strong C-O interaction or weak N-O interaction on the pristine g-C3N4.
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50
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Wu X, Fan H, Wang W, Lei L, Chang X, Ma L. Segmented Structure Design of Carbon Ring In-Plane Embedded in g-C 3 N 4 Nanotubes for Ultra-High Hydrogen Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201268. [PMID: 36031750 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic water splitting capability of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) photocatalyst is determined by its microstructure and photoexcited electrons transfer. Herein, a segmented structure was developed, consisting of alternant g-C3 N4 nanotubes and graphitic carbon rings (denoted as Cr -CN-NT). The Cr -CN-NT showed ordered structure and ultralong length/diameter ratio of 150 nm in diameter and a few microns in lengths, which promoted electron transport kinetics and elongated photocarrier diffusion length and lifetime. Meanwhile, the local in-plane π-conjugation was formed and extended in Cr -CN-NT, which could improve charge carrier density and prohibit electron-hole recombination. Accordingly, the average hydrogen evolution rate of Cr -CN-NT reached 9245 μmol h-1 g-1 , which was 61.6 times that of pristine CN, and the remarkable apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of Cr -CN-NT reached up to 12.86 % at 420 nm. This work may provide a pathway for simultaneous morphology regulation and in-plane modification of high-performance photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Huiqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xinye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Longtao Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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