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Shi F, Tieu P, Hu H, Peng J, Zhang W, Li F, Tao P, Song C, Shang W, Deng T, Gao W, Pan X, Wu J. Direct in-situ imaging of electrochemical corrosion of Pd-Pt core-shell electrocatalysts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5084. [PMID: 38877007 PMCID: PMC11178921 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Corrosion of electrocatalysts during electrochemical operations, such as low potential - high potential cyclic swapping, can cause significant performance degradation. However, the electrochemical corrosion dynamics, including structural changes, especially site and composition specific ones, and their correlation with electrochemical processes are hidden due to the insufficient spatial-temporal resolution characterization methods. Using electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy, we visualize the electrochemical corrosion of Pd@Pt core-shell octahedral nanoparticles towards a Pt nanoframe. The potential-dependent surface reconstruction during multiple continuous in-situ cyclic voltammetry with clear redox peaks is captured, revealing an etching and deposition process of Pd that results in internal Pd atoms being relocated to external surface, followed by subsequent preferential corrosion of Pt (111) terraces rather than the edges or corners, simultaneously capturing the structure evolution also allows to attribute the site-specific Pt and Pd atomic dynamics to individual oxidation and reduction events. This work provides profound insights into the surface reconstruction of nanoparticles during complex electrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglei Shi
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter Tieu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Hao Hu
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaheng Peng
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong Zhang
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Tao
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Song
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shang
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Deng
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Future Material Innovation Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqing Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Center of Hydrogen Science & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Future Material Innovation Center, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Materials Genome Initiative Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Do VH, Lee JM. Surface engineering for stable electrocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2693-2737. [PMID: 38318782 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, significant progress has been achieved in rational developments of electrocatalysts through constructing novel atomistic structures and modulating catalytic surface topography, realizing substantial enhancement in electrocatalytic activities. Numerous advanced catalysts were developed for electrochemical energy conversion, exhibiting low overpotential, high intrinsic activity, and selectivity. Yet, maintaining the high catalytic performance under working conditions with high polarization and vigorous microkinetics that induce intensive degradation of surface nanostructures presents a significant challenge for commercial applications. Recently, advanced operando and computational techniques have provided comprehensive mechanistic insights into the degradation of surficial functional structures. Additionally, various innovative strategies have been devised and proven effective in sustaining electrocatalytic activity under harsh operating conditions. This review aims to discuss the most recent understanding of the degradation microkinetics of catalysts across an entire range of anodic to cathodic polarizations, encompassing processes such as oxygen evolution and reduction, hydrogen reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction. Subsequently, innovative strategies adopted to stabilize the materials' structure and activity are highlighted with an in-depth discussion of the underlying rationale. Finally, we present conclusions and perspectives regarding future research and development. By identifying the research gaps, this review aims to inspire further exploration of surface degradation mechanisms and rational design of durable electrocatalysts, ultimately contributing to the large-scale utilization of electroconversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet-Hung Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459.
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459.
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141
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3
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Magnussen OM, Drnec J, Qiu C, Martens I, Huang JJ, Chattot R, Singer A. In Situ and Operando X-ray Scattering Methods in Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:629-721. [PMID: 38253355 PMCID: PMC10870989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical and electrocatalytic processes are of key importance for the transition to a sustainable energy supply as well as for a wide variety of other technologically relevant fields. Further development of these processes requires in-depth understanding of the atomic, nano, and micro scale structure of the materials and interfaces in electrochemical devices under reaction conditions. We here provide a comprehensive review of in situ and operando studies by X-ray scattering methods, which are powerful and highly versatile tools to provide such understanding. We discuss the application of X-ray scattering to a wide variety of electrochemical systems, ranging from metal and oxide single crystals to nanoparticles and even full devices. We show how structural data on bulk phases, electrode-electrolyte interfaces, and nanoscale morphology can be obtained and describe recent developments that provide highly local information and insight into the composition and electronic structure. These X-ray scattering studies yield insights into the structure in the double layer potential range as well as into the structural evolution during electrocatalytic processes and phase formation reactions, such as nucleation and growth during electrodeposition and dissolution, the formation of passive films, corrosion processes, and the electrochemical intercalation into battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Kiel
University, Institute of Experimental and
Applied Physics, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht-Haensel
Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF,
Experiments Division, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Kiel
University, Institute of Experimental and
Applied Physics, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jason J. Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Raphaël Chattot
- ICGM,
Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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4
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Wang X, Yi ZY, Wang YQ, Wang D, Wan LJ. Unraveling the Dynamic Processes of Methanol Electrooxidation at Isolated Rhodium Sites by In Situ Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9448-9455. [PMID: 37830902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials with isolated single-atom Rh-N4 sites are emerging as promising and compelling catalysts for methanol electrooxidation. Herein, we carried out an in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (ECSTM) investigation of the dynamic processes of methanol absorption and catalytic conversion in the rhodium octaethylporphyrin (RhOEP)-catalyzed methanol oxidation reaction at the molecular scale. The high-contrast RhOEP-CH3OH complex formed by methanol adsorption was visualized distinctly in the STM images. The Rh-C adsorption configuration of methanol on isolated rhodium sites was identified on the basis of a series of control experiments and theoretical simulation. The adsorption energy of methanol on RhOEP was obtained from quantitative analysis. In situ ECSTM experiments present an explicit description of the transformation of the intermediate species in the catalytic process. By qualitatively evaluating the rate constants of different stages in the reaction at the microscopic level, we considered the CO transformation/desorption as the critical step for determining the reaction dynamics. Methanol adsorption was found to be correlated with RhOEP oxidation in the initial stage of the reaction, and the dynamic information was revealed unambiguously by in situ potential step experiments. This work provides microscopic results for the catalytic mechanism of Rh-N4 sites for methanol electrooxidation, which is instructive for the rational design of the high-performance catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Drnec J, Stubb N, Martens I, Calle-Vallejo F, Harrington DA, Cherevko S, Magnussen OM. Anodic and Cathodic Platinum Dissolution Processes Involve Different Oxide Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304293. [PMID: 37341165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of Pt-containing oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cell applications is strongly linked to the electrochemical surface oxidation and reduction of Pt. Here, we study the surface restructuring and Pt dissolution mechanisms during oxidation/reduction for the case of Pt(100) in 0.1 M HClO4 by combining operando high-energy surface X-ray diffraction, online mass spectrometry, and density functional theory. Our atomic-scale structural studies reveal that anodic dissolution, detected during oxidation, and cathodic dissolution, observed during the subsequent reduction, are linked to two different oxide phases. Anodic dissolution occurs predominantly during nucleation and growth of the first, stripe-like oxide. Cathodic dissolution is linked to a second, amorphous Pt oxide phase that resembles bulk PtO2 and starts to grow when the coverage of the stripe-like oxide saturates. In addition, we find the amount of surface restructuring after an oxidation/reduction cycle to be potential-independent after the stripe-like oxide has reached its saturation coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Natalie Stubb
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Isaac Martens
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Advanced Materials and Polymers: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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6
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Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Fehrs JO, Qiu C, Mirolo M, Yuan C, Cherevko S, Drnec J, Magnussen OM, Harrington DA. Driving Force of the Initial Step in Electrochemical Pt(111) Oxidation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3589-3593. [PMID: 37018542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The first step of electrochemical surface oxidation is extraction of a metal atom from its lattice site to a location in a growing oxide. Here we show by fast simultaneous electrochemical and in situ high-energy surface X-ray diffraction measurements that the initial extraction of Pt atoms from Pt(111) is a fast, potential-driven process, whereas charge transfer for the related formation of adsorbed oxygen-containing species occurs on a much slower time scale and is evidently uncoupled from the extraction process. It is concluded that potential plays a key independent role in electrochemical surface oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jan O Fehrs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marta Mirolo
- Experimental Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chentian Yuan
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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7
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Zhu Z, Jiang T, Sun J, Liu Z, Xie Z, Liu S, Meng Y, Peng Q, Wang W, Zhang K, Liu H, Yuan Y, Li K, Chen W. pH-Universal Decoupled Water Electrolysis Enabled by Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Gas Capacitive Chemistry. JACS AU 2023; 3:488-497. [PMID: 36873693 PMCID: PMC9975835 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In conventional water electrolysis (CWE), the H2 and O2 evolution reactions (HER/OER) are tightly coupled, making the generated H2 and O2 difficult to separate, thus resulting in complex separation technology and potential safety issues. Previous efforts on the design of decoupled water electrolysis mainly concentrated on multi-electrode or multi-cell configurations; however, these strategies have the limitation of involving complicated operations. Here, we propose and demonstrate a pH-universal, two-electrode capacitive decoupled water electrolyzer (referred to as all-pH-CDWE) in a single-cell configuration by utilizing a low-cost capacitive electrode and a bifunctional HER/OER electrode to separate H2 and O2 generation for decoupling water electrolysis. In the all-pH-CDWE, high-purity H2 and O2 generation alternately occur at the electrocatalytic gas electrode only by reversing the current polarity. The designed all-pH-CDWE can maintain a continuous round-trip water electrolysis for over 800 consecutive cycles with an electrolyte utilization ratio of nearly 100%. As compared to CWE, the all-pH-CDWE achieves energy efficiencies of 94% in acidic electrolytes and 97% in alkaline electrolytes at a current density of 5 mA cm-2. Further, the designed all-pH-CDWE can be scaled up to a capacity of 720 C in a high current of 1 A for each cycle with a stable HER average voltage of 0.99 V. This work provides a new strategy toward the mass production of H2 in a facilely rechargeable process with high efficiency, good robustness, and large-scale applications.
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8
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Chattot R, Roiron C, Kumar K, Martin V, Campos Roldan CA, Mirolo M, Martens I, Castanheira L, Viola A, Bacabe R, Cavaliere S, Blanchard PY, Dubau L, Maillard F, Drnec J. Break-In Bad: On the Conditioning of Fuel Cell Nanoalloy Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chattot
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
| | - Camille Roiron
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Kavita Kumar
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | | | - Marta Mirolo
- ESRF, the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
| | - Isaac Martens
- ESRF, the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
| | - Luis Castanheira
- Symbio, 14 Rue Jean-Pierre Timbaud, Espace des Vouillands 2, Fontaine 38600, France
| | - Arnaud Viola
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Rémi Bacabe
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
| | - Sara Cavaliere
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier 34095 Cedex 5, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris 75231 Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP* (*Institute of Engineering and Management Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF, the European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, Grenoble 38043 Cedex 9, France
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Wei J, Chen W, Zhou D, Cai J, Chen YX. Restructuring of well-defined Pt-based electrode surfaces under mild electrochemical conditions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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10
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Tailoring the active site for the oxygen evolution reaction on a Pt electrode. Commun Chem 2022; 5:126. [PMID: 36698008 PMCID: PMC9814662 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are essential to improve the efficiency of water electrolysis. The properties of OER active sites on single-crystal Pt electrodes were examined herein. The OER is markedly enhanced by repeated oxidative and reductive potential cycles on the Pt(111) surface. The OER activity on Pt(111) is nine times higher in the third cycle than that before the potential cycles. OER activation by potential cycling depends on the (111) terrace width, with wider (111) terraces significantly enhancing the OER. The oxidation/reduction of the Pt(111) surface produces atomic-sized vacancies on the terraces that activate the OER. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction reveals that the active sites formed by potential cycling are defects in the second subsurface Pt layer. Potential cycling induces the bowl-shaped roughening of the electrode surface, wherein high-coordination number Pt atoms at the bottom of the cavities activate the OER.
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11
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Yoo JM, Shin H, Chung DY, Sung YE. Carbon Shell on Active Nanocatalyst for Stable Electrocatalysis. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1278-1289. [PMID: 35436084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis is a key process for renewable energy conversion and fuel production in future energy systems. Various nanostructures have been investigated to optimize the electrocatalytic activity and realize efficient energy use. However, the long-term stability of electrocatalysts is also crucial for the sustainable and reliable operation of energy devices. Nanocatalysts are degraded by various processes during electrocatalysis, which causes critical performance loss. Recent operando analyses have revealed the mechanisms of electrocatalyst failure, and specific structures have been identified as robust against degradation. Nevertheless, achieving both high activity and robust stability with the same nanostructure is challenging because the structure-property relationships that affect activity and stability are different. The optimization of electrocatalysis is often limited by a large trade-off between activity and stability in catalyst structures. Therefore, it is essential to introduce functional structural units into catalyst design to achieve electrochemical stability while preserving high activity.In this Account, we highlight the strategic use of carbon shells on catalyst surfaces to improve the stability during electrocatalysis. For this purpose, we cover three issues in the use of carbon-shell-encapsulated nanoparticles (CSENPs) as robust and active electrocatalysts: the origin of the improved stability, the identification of active sites, and synthetic routes. Carbon shells can shield catalyst surfaces from both (electro)chemical oxidation and physical agglomeration. By limiting the exposure of the catalyst surface to an oxidizing (electro)chemical environment, carbon shells can preserve the initial active site structure during electrocatalysis. In addition, by providing a physical barrier between nanoparticles, carbon shells can maintain the high surface area of CSENPs by reducing particle agglomeration during electrocatalysis. This barrier effect is also useful for constructing more active or durable structures by annealing without surface area loss. Compared to the clear stabilizing effect, however, the effect of the shell on active sites on the CSENP surface can be puzzling. Even when they are covered by a carbon shell that can block molecular adsorption on active sites, CSENP catalysts remain active and even exhibit unique catalytic behavior. Thus, we briefly cover recent efforts to identify major active sites on CSENPs using molecular probes. Furthermore, considering the membranelike role of the carbon shell, we suggest several remaining issues that should be resolved to obtain a fundamental understanding of CSENP design. Finally, we describe two synthetic approaches for the successful carbon shell encapsulation of nanoparticles: two-step and one-step syntheses. Both the postmortem coating of nanocatalysts (two-step) and the in situ formation via precursor ligands (one step) are shown to produce a durable carbon layer on nanocatalysts in a controlled manner. The strengths and limitations of each approach are also presented to promote the further investigation of advanced synthesis methods.The hybrid structure of CSENPs, that is, the active catalyst surface and the durable carbon shell, provides an interesting opportunity in electrocatalysis. However, our understanding of CSENPs is still highly limited, and further investigation is needed to answer fundamental questions regarding both active site identification and the mechanisms of stability improvement. Only when we start to comprehend the fundamental mechanisms underlying electrocatalysis on CSENPs will electrocatalysts be further improved for sustainable long-term device operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Mun Yoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Shin
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Eun Sung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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12
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NiTiP-Coated Ti as Low-cost Bipolar Plates for Water Electrolysis with Polymer Electrolyte Membranes. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-022-00737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Jacobse L, Vonk V, McCrum IT, Seitz C, Koper MT, Rost MJ, Stierle A. Electrochemical oxidation of Pt(111) beyond the place-exchange model. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.139881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Structural evolution of Pt-based oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Shen ZZ, Zhang YZ, Zhou C, Wen R, Wan LJ. Revealing the Correlations between Morphological Evolution and Surface Reactivity of Catalytic Cathodes in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21604-21612. [PMID: 34874155 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-oxygen batteries suffer from the degradation of the catalytic cathode during long-term operation, which limits their practical use. Understanding the direct correlations between the surface morphological evolution of catalytic cathodes at nanoscale and their catalytic activity during cycling has proved challenging. Here, using in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy, the dynamic evolution of the Pt nanoparticles electrode in a working Li-O2 battery and its effects on the Li-O2 interfacial reactions are visualized. In situ views show that repeated oxidation-reduction cycles (ORCs) trigger the increase in the size of Pt nanoparticles, eventually causing the Pt nanoparticles to fall off the electrode. In 0-80 ORCs, the grown Pt nanoparticles promote the conversion of the Li-O2 reaction route from the surface-mediated pathway to the solution-mediated pathway during discharging and significantly increase the discharge capacity. After 250 ORCs, accompanied by the part of the Pt nanoparticles detaching from the electrode, the nucleation potential of reaction product decreases, and the reaction dynamic slows down, which cause the performance to degrade. Modification of a proper amount of Au nanoparticle on the Pt nanoparticles electrode could improve its stability and maintain the high catalytic activity. These results provide a direct evidence for clarifying the correlations between morphological evolution and surface reactivity of catalytic cathodes during cycling, which is critical for developing high-performance catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yao-Zu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Zhang YJ, Radjenovic PM, Zhou XS, Zhang H, Yao JL, Li JF. Plasmonic Core-Shell Nanomaterials and their Applications in Spectroscopies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005900. [PMID: 33811422 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic core-shell nanostructures have attracted considerable attention in the scientific community recently due to their highly tunable optical properties. Plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies are one of the main applications of plasmonic nanomaterials. When excited by an incident laser of suitable wavelength, strong and highly localized electromagnetic (EM) fields are generated around plasmonic nanomaterials, which can significantly boost excitation and/or radiation processes that amplify Raman, fluorescence, or nonlinear signals and improve spectroscopic sensitivity. Herein, recent developments in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies utilizing core-shell nanostructures are reviewed, including shell-isolated nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), plasmon-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy, and plasmon-enhanced nonlinear spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Jiao Zhang
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Petar M Radjenovic
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jian-Lin Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- College of Energy, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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17
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Bogar M, Yakovlev Y, Sandbeck DJS, Cherevko S, Matolínová I, Amenitsch H, Khalakhan I. Interplay Among Dealloying, Ostwald Ripening, and Coalescence in Pt XNi 100–X Bimetallic Alloys under Fuel-Cell-Related Conditions. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bogar
- CERIC-ERIC c/o Elettra Synchrotron, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Yurii Yakovlev
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel John Seale Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iva Matolínová
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ivan Khalakhan
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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18
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Baggio BF, Grunder Y. In Situ X-Ray Techniques for Electrochemical Interfaces. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2021; 14:87-107. [PMID: 33940932 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091020-100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews progress in the study of materials using X-ray-based techniques from an electrochemistry perspective. We focus on in situ/in operando surface X-ray scattering, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and the combination of both methods. The background of these techniques together with key concepts is introduced. Key examples of in situ and in operando investigation of liquid-solid and liquid-liquid interfaces are presented. X-ray scattering and spectroscopy have helped to develop an understanding of the underlying atomic and molecular processes associated with electrocatalysis, electrodeposition, and battery materials. We highlight recent developments, including resonant surface diffraction and time-resolved studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna F Baggio
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom;
| | - Yvonne Grunder
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom;
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19
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Xiao C, Tian N, Li WZ, Qu XM, Du JH, Lu BA, Xu BB, Zhou ZY, Sun SG. Shape transformations of Pt nanocrystals enclosed with high-index facets and low-index facets. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00949d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Shape transformation between high-index faceted Pt nanocrystals and low-index faceted ones have been achieved by an electrochemical square-wave potential method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Na Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xi-Ming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Huan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bang-An Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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20
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Choi S, Chung M, Kim D, Kim S, Yun K, Cha W, Harder R, Kawaguchi T, Liu Y, Ulvestad A, You H, Song MK, Kim H. In Situ Strain Evolution on Pt Nanoparticles during Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8541-8548. [PMID: 33174748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of structural changes during catalytic reactions is crucial to understanding the underlying mechanisms and optimizing efficiencies. Surface energy and related catalytic mechanisms are widely studied. However, the catalyst lattice deformation induced by catalytic processes is not well understood. Here, we study the strain in an individual platinum (Pt) nanoparticle (NP) using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging under in situ oxidation and reduction reactions. When Pt NPs are exposed to H2O2, a typical oxidizer and an intermediate during the oxygen reduction reaction process, alternating overall strain distribution near the surface and inside the NP is observed at the (111) Bragg reflection. In contrast, relatively insignificant changes appear in the (200) reflection. Density functional theory calculations are employed to rationalize the anisotropic lattice strain in terms of induced stress by H2O2 adsorption and decomposition on the Pt NP surface. Our study provides deeper insight into the activity-structure relationship in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Choi
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Myungwoo Chung
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Dongjin Kim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Sungwon Kim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Kyuseok Yun
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Wonsuk Cha
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ross Harder
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tomoya Kawaguchi
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yihua Liu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Andrew Ulvestad
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hoydoo You
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mee Kyung Song
- Center for Nano Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea
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21
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Nahalka I, Zwaschka G, Campen RK, Marchioro A, Roke S. Mapping Electrochemical Heterogeneity at Gold Surfaces: A Second Harmonic Imaging Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:20021-20034. [PMID: 35693431 PMCID: PMC9182208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Designing efficient catalysts requires correlating surface structure and local chemical composition with reactivity on length scales from nanometers to tens of microns. While much work has been done on this structure/function correlation on single crystals, comparatively little has been done for catalysts of relevance in applications. Such materials are typically highly heterogeneous and thus require methods that allow mapping of the structure/function relationship during electrochemical conversion. Here, we use optical second harmonic imaging combined with cyclic voltammetry to map the surface of gold nanocrystalline and polycrystalline electrodes during electrooxidation and to quantify the spatial extent of surface reconstruction during potential cycling. The wide-field configuration of our microscope allows for real-time imaging of an area ∼100 μm in diameter with submicron resolution. By analyzing the voltage dependence of each pixel, we uncover the heterogeneity of the second harmonic signal and quantify the fraction of domains where it follows a positive quadratic dependence with increasing bias. There, the second harmonic intensity is mainly ascribed to electronic polarization contributions at the metal/electrolyte interface. Additionally, we locate areas where the second harmonic signal follows a negative quadratic dependence with increasing bias, which also show the largest changes during successive cyclic voltammetry sweeps as determined by an additional correlation coefficient analysis. We assign these areas to domains of higher roughness that are prone to potential-induced surface restructuring and where anion adsorption occurs at lower potentials than expected based on the cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Nahalka
- Laboratory
for fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bio-engineering (IBI),
and Institute of Materials Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI),
and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Zwaschka
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Kramer Campen
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Arianna Marchioro
- Laboratory
for fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bio-engineering (IBI),
and Institute of Materials Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI),
and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Roke
- Laboratory
for fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP), Institute of Bio-engineering (IBI),
and Institute of Materials Science (IMX), School of Engineering (STI),
and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Structure dependency of the atomic-scale mechanisms of platinum electro-oxidation and dissolution. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Chattot R, Bordet P, Martens I, Drnec J, Dubau L, Maillard F. Building Practical Descriptors for Defect Engineering of Electrocatalytic Materials. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chattot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Pierre Bordet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isaac Martens
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Jakub Drnec
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
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24
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Hanselman S, McCrum IT, Rost MJ, Koper MTM. Thermodynamics of the formation of surface PtO 2 stripes on Pt(111) in the absence of subsurface oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10634-10640. [PMID: 31701114 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the thermodynamics of PtO2 stripes formed as intermediates of Pt(111) surface oxidation as a function of the degree of dilation parallel to the stripes, using density functional theory and atomistic thermodynamics. Internal energy calculations predict 7/8 and 8/9 stripe structures to dominate at standard temperature and pressure, which contain 7 or 8 elevated PtO2 units per 8 or 9 supporting surface Pt atoms, respectively. Moreover, we found a thermodynamic optimum with respect to mean in-stripe Pt-Pt spacing close to that of α-PtO2. Vibrational zero point energies, including bulk layer contributions, make a small but significant contribution to the stripe free energies, leading to the 6/7 stripe being most stable, although the 7/8 structure is still close in free energy. These findings correspond closely to experimental observations, providing insight into the driving force for oxide stripe formation and structure as the initial intermediate of platinum surface oxidation, and aiding our understanding of platinum catalysts and surface roughening under oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Hanselman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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25
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Khalakhan I, Bogar M, Vorokhta M, Kúš P, Yakovlev Y, Dopita M, Sandbeck DJS, Cherevko S, Matolínová I, Amenitsch H. Evolution of the PtNi Bimetallic Alloy Fuel Cell Catalyst under Simulated Operational Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17602-17610. [PMID: 32191029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of the catalyst corrosion dynamics is a prerequisite for the development of an efficient cathode catalyst in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. To reach this aim, the behavior of fuel cell catalysts must be investigated directly under reaction conditions. Herein, we applied a strategic combination of in situ/online techniques: in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy, in situ grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering, and electrochemical scanning flow cell with online detection by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This combination of techniques allows in-depth investigation of the potential-dependent surface restructuring of a PtNi model thin film catalyst during potentiodynamic cycling in an aqueous acidic electrolyte. The study reveals a clear correlation between the upper potential limit and structural behavior of the PtNi catalyst, namely, its dealloying and coarsening. The results show that at 0.6 and 1.0 VRHE upper potentials, the PtNi catalyst essentially preserves its structure during the entire cycling procedure. The crucial changes in the morphology of PtNi layers are found to occur at 1.3 and 1.5 VRHE cycling potentials. Strong dealloying at the early stage of cycling is substituted with strong coarsening of catalyst particles at the later stage. The coarsening at the later stage of cycling is assigned to the electrochemical Ostwald ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Khalakhan
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Marco Bogar
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- CERIC-ERIC c/o Elettra Synchrotron, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mykhailo Vorokhta
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kúš
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Yurii Yakovlev
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Dopita
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel John Seale Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH. Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iva Matolínová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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26
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Zeng Q, Zhang Y, Wu T. High-performance Nanocrystal Platinum on Hierarchical Microelectrode for Biochemical Sensing. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:1062-1065. [PMID: 31946077 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance hierarchical microelectrode array was reported, which significantly enlarged the surface area and reduced edge effect of the unevenly distributed electric field, using novel nanocrystal platinum (Pt) surface modification and hierarchical topologies. A hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) nanostructured Pt was introduced on the surface of microelectrodes (diameter Φ=10 pm, and seed pad Φ=200 μm) to reduce the impedance by ~91.2% down to 2.63 kn at 1kHz, and increase the cathodic charge storage capacity (CSCc) by ~60 times up to 217.9 mC.cm-2 compared with that of bare Pt substrate, demonstrating superior electrochemical performances to the traditional modified electrodes. In addition, the hierarchical microelectrodes exhibited great stability and linearity for glucose sensing with a detection limit of ~1.5 μM, which showed potential applications for neural interface and biochemical sensing.
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27
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Dong JC, Su M, Briega-Martos V, Li L, Le JB, Radjenovic P, Zhou XS, Feliu JM, Tian ZQ, Li JF. Direct In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Evidence of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Intermediates at High-Index Pt(hkl) Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:715-719. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Min Su
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | | | - Lang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia-Bo Le
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Petar Radjenovic
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Juan Miguel Feliu
- Instituto de Electroquímica, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante E-03080, Spain
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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28
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Jacobse L, Rost MJ, Koper MTM. Atomic-Scale Identification of the Electrochemical Roughening of Platinum. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1920-1928. [PMID: 31893221 PMCID: PMC6935890 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrode degradation under oxidizing conditions is a major drawback for large-scale applications of platinum electrocatalysts. Subjecting Pt(111) to oxidation-reduction cycles is known to lead to the growth of nanoislands. We study this phenomenon using a combination of simultaneous in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the formed islands, deriving the (evolution of the) average island growth shape. From the island shapes, we determine the densities of atomic-scale defect sites, e.g., steps and facets, which show an excellent correlation with the different voltammetric hydrogen adsorption peaks. Based on this combination of electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM) and CV data, we derive a detailed atomistic picture of the nanoisland evolution during potential cycling, delivering new insights into the initial stages of platinum electrode degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jacobse
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- DESY
NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron
DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel J. Rost
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Rost MJ, Jacobse L, Koper MTM. The dualism between adatom- and vacancy-based single crystal growth models. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5233. [PMID: 31748552 PMCID: PMC6868172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In homoepitaxial crystal growth, four basic growth morphologies (idealized growth modes) have been established that describe the deposition of atoms on single crystal surfaces: step-flow, layer-by-layer, mound formation, and random/self-affine growth. Mound formation leads to nano-scale surface patterning. However, the formation of (nano)-islands, patterns, and roughness occurs also during ion bombardment, electrochemical etching and oxidation/reduction cycling. Here we show, in analogy to many particle/anti-particle formalisms in physics, the existence of the dualism between individual adatom and single vacancy growth modes. We predict that all standard adatom growth modes do exist also in their counter, vacancy version. For the particular case of mound formation, we derive the theoretical equations and show the inverse similarity of the solution. We furthermore treat simultaneous growth by adatoms and vacancies, and derive the analytical solution of the growth shape evolution of the mounds. Finally, we present an experimental verification, in which both adatom and vacancy mound formation are active. The theoretically predicted mound shape nicely fits the experimental observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel J Rost
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Leon Jacobse
- DESY NanoLab, Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Barbosa AFB, Del Colle V, Gómez-Marín AM, Angelucci CA, Tremiliosi-Filho G. Effect of the Random Defects Generated on the Surface of Pt(111) on the Electro-oxidation of Ethanol: An Electrochemical Study. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:3045-3055. [PMID: 31342615 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the Pt(111) surface was disordered by controlling the density of {110}- and {100}-type defects. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of a disordered surface in acid media consists of three contributions within the hydrogen adsorption/desorption region: one from the well-ordered Pt(111) symmetry and the other two transformed from the {111}-symmetry with contributions of {110}- and {100}-type surface defects. The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) was studied on these disordered surfaces. Electrochemical studies were performed in 0.1 M HClO4 +0.1 M ethanol using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Changes in current densities associated to the specific potentials at which each oxidation peak appears suggest that different surface domains of disordered platinum oxidize ethanol independently. Additionally, as the surface-defect density increases, the EOR is catalysed better. This tendency is directly observed from the CV parameters because the onset and peak potentials are shifted to less positive values and accompanied by increases in the oxidation-peak current on disordered surfaces. Similarly, the CO oxidation striping confirmed this same tendency. Chronoamperometric experiments showed two opposite behaviors at short oxidation times (0.1 s). The EOR was quickly catalyzed on the most disordered surface, Pt(111)-16, and was then rapidly deactivated. These results provide fundamental information on the EOR, which contributes to the atomic-level understanding of real catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury F B Barbosa
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 -, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Alagoas-Campus Penedo, Rod. Engenheiro Joaquim Gonçalves, s/n, 57200-000 -, Penedo, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Del Colle
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 -, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Alagoas-Campus Arapiraca, Av. Manoel Severino Barbosa s/n, 57309-005 -, Arapiraca, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Ana M Gómez-Marín
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Fundamental Sciences, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, 12228-900 -, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilo A Angelucci
- Federal University of ABC, Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Av. Dos Estados, 5001, 09210-580 -, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Germano Tremiliosi-Filho
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 -, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Higareda A, Kumar-Krishnan S, García-Ruiz AF, Maya-Cornejo J, Lopez-Miranda JL, Bahena D, Rosas G, Pérez R, Esparza R. Synthesis of Au@Pt Core-Shell Nanoparticles as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Methanol Electro-Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1644. [PMID: 31752428 PMCID: PMC6915688 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Au@Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with Pt monolayer shell are of much interest for applications in heterogeneous catalysts because of enhanced catalytic activity and very low Pt-utilization. However, precisely controlled synthesis with uniform Pt-monolayers and stability on the AuNPs seeds remain elusive. Herein, we report the controlled deposition of Pt-monolayer onto uniform AuNPs seeds to obtain Au@Pt core-shell NPs and their Pt-coverage dependent electrocatalytic activity for methanol electro-oxidation. The atomic ratio between Au/Pt was effectively tuned by varying the precursor solution ratio in the reaction solution. The morphology and atomic structure of the Au@Pt NPs were analyzed by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microcopy (HR-STEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results demonstrated that the Au@Pt core-shell NPs with Pt-shell thickness (atomic ratio 1:2) exhibit higher electrocatalytic activity for methanol electro-oxidation reaction, whereas higher and lower Pt ratios showed less overall catalytic performance. Such higher catalytic performance of Au@Pt NPs (1:2) can be attributed to the weakened CO binding on the Pt/monolayers surface. Our present synthesis strategy and optimization of the catalytic activity of Au@Pt core-shell NPs catalysts provide promising approach to rationally design highly active catalysts with less Pt-usage for high performance electrocatalysts for applications in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- América Higareda
- Posgrado en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Siva Kumar-Krishnan
- Cátedras CONACYT_Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Amado F. García-Ruiz
- UPIICSA-COFAA, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Te 950, Col. Granjas-México, Iztacalco, Ciudad de México 08400, Mexico;
| | - José Maya-Cornejo
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (J.M.-C.); (J.L.L.-M.)
| | - José L. Lopez-Miranda
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (J.M.-C.); (J.L.L.-M.)
| | - Daniel Bahena
- Laboratorio Avanzado de Nanoscopía Electrónica (LANE), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Rosas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, UMSNH, edificio U, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia Michoacán 58060, Mexico;
| | - Ramiro Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico;
| | - Rodrigo Esparza
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico; (J.M.-C.); (J.L.L.-M.)
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Shen D, Liu Y, Yang G, Yu H, Peng F. Mechanistic Insights into Cyclic Voltammograms on Pt(111): Kinetics Simulations. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2791-2798. [PMID: 31509325 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of the electrochemistry of platinum electrodes is of great importance for the electrochemical oxidation of fuels and electrochemical reduction of dioxygen in fuel cells. The Pt(111) facet is the most representative model mimicking Pt nanoparticles and polycrystals for fundamental studies. Herein, we propose a site-specific model accompanied with the typical elementary steps of the electrochemistry of Pt(111) in non-adsorbing electrolyte within the potential range between 0.05 and 1.15 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Simulations were conducted at different scanning rates based on the kinetics models. We reproduce all the anodic and cathodic peaks observed in the reported experimental curves. These results demonstrate the underlying mechanisms of the peak formation in different potential regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510006
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States, 03824
| | - Guangxing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510640
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510006
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Bergmann A, Roldan Cuenya B. Operando Insights into Nanoparticle Transformations during Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Bergmann
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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35
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Sulfate-induced electrochemical instability in the transpassive region during the electrooxidation of Na2S on Pt. J Solid State Electrochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-019-04234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Deng X, Galli F, Koper MTM. In Situ Electrochemical AFM Imaging of a Pt Electrode in Sulfuric Acid under Potential Cycling Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13285-13291. [PMID: 30222335 PMCID: PMC6328281 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electrochemical behavior of Pt at the solid/liquid interface is of significant importance for the development of efficient electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells and water electrolyzers. In this work, the evolution of the surface morphology of a polycrystalline platinum under potential cycling conditions was investigated by in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM). After 50 cycles between 0.05 and 1.8 V in 0.1 M H2SO4, the Pt surface is coarsened and nanoparticles of several nanometers appear on the surface. The critical upper and lower potentials for the formation of nanoparticles are found to be 1.8 and 0.8 V, respectively. The in situ AFM observation coupled with Cyclic Voltammerty reveals the periodic disappearance and reappearance of the nanoparticles, based on which the formation of nanoparticles is attributed to the deposition of dissolved Pt from solution, and a model for the nanoparticle formation is proposed. While the formation of a thick oxide layer is a prerequisite, the reduction process is found to have a strong influence on Pt nanoparticle formation as well. This investigation provides a visualization of the Pt electrode surface under electrochemical control in a large potential window, enabling a broader understanding of the Pt electrode roughening mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Galli
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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37
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Asset T, Gommes CJ, Drnec J, Bordet P, Chattot R, Martens I, Nelayah J, Job N, Maillard F, Dubau L. Disentangling the Degradation Pathways of Highly Defective PtNi/C Nanostructures – An Operando Wide and Small Angle X-ray Scattering Study. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Asset
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
- University of Liège, Department of Chemical Engineering−Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, B6a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Cedric J. Gommes
- University of Liège, Department of Chemical Engineering−Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, B6a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF, ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Raphaël Chattot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF, ID 31 Beamline, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Isaac Martens
- AMPEL, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jaysen Nelayah
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques (MPQ), UMR 7162 CNRS & Université Paris-Diderot, Bâtiment Condorcet, 4 rue Elsa Morante, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Nathalie Job
- University of Liège, Department of Chemical Engineering−Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, B6a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering, Université Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Escudero-Escribano M, Pedersen AF, Ulrikkeholm ET, Jensen KD, Hansen MH, Rossmeisl J, Stephens IEL, Chorkendorff I. Active-Phase Formation and Stability of Gd/Pt(111) Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction: An In Situ Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction Study. Chemistry 2018; 24:12280-12290. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Chemical Engineering; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis; Stanford University; 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Anders F. Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Elisabeth T. Ulrikkeholm
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kim D. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Martin H. Hansen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis; Stanford University; 443 Via Ortega Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Department of Chemistry, Nano-Science Center; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Ifan E. L. Stephens
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Department of Materials; Imperial College London, 2.03b, Royal School of Mines; Prince Consort Rd London SW7 2AZ England UK
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Surface Physics and Catalysis; Technical University of Denmark; Fysikvej, Building 312 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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Arulmozhi N, Esau D, Lamsal RP, Beauchemin D, Jerkiewicz G. Structural Transformation of Monocrystalline Platinum Electrodes upon Electro-oxidation and Electro-dissolution. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nakkiran Arulmozhi
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Derek Esau
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ram P. Lamsal
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Diane Beauchemin
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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40
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Asset T, Chattot R, Fontana M, Mercier-Guyon B, Job N, Dubau L, Maillard F. A Review on Recent Developments and Prospects for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Hollow Pt-alloy Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1552-1567. [PMID: 29578267 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Due to their interesting electrocatalytic properties for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hollow Pt-alloy nanoparticles (NPs) supported on high-surface-area carbon attract growing interest. However, the suitable synthesis methods and associated mechanisms of formation, the reasons for their enhanced specific activity for the ORR, and the nature of adequate alloying elements and carbon supports for this type of nanocatalysts remain open questions. This Review aims at shedding light on these topics with a special emphasis on hollow PtNi NPs supported onto Vulcan C (PtNi/C). We first show how hollow Pt-alloy/C NPs can be synthesized by a mechanism involving galvanic replacement and the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. Nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, and iron (Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, and Fe, respectively) were tested for the formation of Pt-alloy/C hollow nanostructures. Our results indicate that metals with standard potential -0.4<E<0.4 V (vs. the normal hydrogen electrode) and propensity to spontaneously form metal borides in the presence of sodium borohydride are adequate sacrificial templates. As they lead to smaller hollow Pt-alloy/C NPs, mesoporous carbon supports are also best suited for this type of synthesis. A comparison of the electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR or the electrooxidation of a COads monolayer, methanol or ethanol of hollow and solid Pt-alloy/C NPs underlines the pivotal role of the structural disorder of the metal lattice, and is supported by ab initio calculations. As evidenced by accelerated stress tests simulating proton-exchange membrane fuel cell cathode operating conditions, the beneficial effect of structural disorder is maintained on the long term, thereby bringing promises for the synthesis of highly active and robust ORR electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Asset
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France.,University of Liège, Department of Chemical Engineering - Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, B6a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Chattot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Fontana
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Mercier-Guyon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Job
- University of Liège, Department of Chemical Engineering - Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, B6a, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), Université Savoie-Mont-Blanc, LEPMI, 38000, Grenoble, France
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41
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Khalakhan I, Choukourov A, Vorokhta M, Kúš P, Matolínová I, Matolín V. In situ electrochemical AFM monitoring of the potential-dependent deterioration of platinum catalyst during potentiodynamic cycling. Ultramicroscopy 2018; 187:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Jacobse L, Huang YF, Koper MTM, Rost MJ. Correlation of surface site formation to nanoisland growth in the electrochemical roughening of Pt(111). NATURE MATERIALS 2018; 17:277-282. [PMID: 29434306 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-017-0015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Platinum plays a central role in a variety of electrochemical devices and its practical use depends on the prevention of electrode degradation. However, understanding the underlying atomic processes under conditions of repeated oxidation and reduction inducing irreversible surface structure changes has proved challenging. Here, we examine the correlation between the evolution of the electrochemical signal of Pt(111) and its surface roughening by simultaneously performing cyclic voltammetry and in situ electrochemical scanning tunnelling microscopy (EC-STM). We identify a 'nucleation and early growth' regime of nanoisland formation, and a 'late growth' regime after island coalescence, which continues up to at least 170 cycles. The correlation analysis shows that each step site that is created in the 'late growth' regime contributes equally strongly to both the electrochemical and the roughness evolution. In contrast, in the 'nucleation and early growth' regime, created step sites contribute to the roughness, but not to the electrochemical signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jacobse
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yi-Fan Huang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Marcel J Rost
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Hosseinabadi P, Javanbakht M, Naji L, Ghafarian-Zahmatkesh H. Influence of Pt Nanoparticle Electroless Deposition Parameters on the Electrochemical Characteristics of Nafion-Based Catalyst-Coated Membranes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hosseinabadi
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
- Fuel
Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
| | - Mehran Javanbakht
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
- Fuel
Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
| | - Leila Naji
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghafarian-Zahmatkesh
- Department
of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
- Fuel
Cell and Solar Cell Laboratory, Renewable Energy Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 1599637111, Iran
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