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Liu Y, Xu L, Jin X, Yin B, Rao Y, Zhou M, Song J, Osuka A. The unprecedented strong paratropic ring current of a bis-Pd II complex of 5,10,23-trimesityl [28]heptaphyrin(1.1.0.0.1.0.0). Chem Sci 2024; 15:11402-11407. [PMID: 39055025 PMCID: PMC11268459 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01909a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Acid-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts-type cyclization of tetrapyrrolic BF2 complex 1 and α,α'-dibromotripyrrin 2 gave 5,10,23-trimesityl [28]heptaphyrin(1.1.0.0.1.0.0) BF2 complex 3BF2 as a stable and moderate antiaromatic macrocycle. Demetalation of 3BF2 with methanesulfonic acid followed by treatment with HCl gave free-base salt 3HCl that holds a chloride anion at the core. This salt displays a planar structure with an inverted pyrrole and a stronger paratropic ring current. Metalation of neutral free-base 3 with PdCl2 gave bis-PdII complex 3Pd2 as a stable antiaromatic molecule. The 1H NMR spectrum of 3Pd2 displays signals due to pyrrolic β-protons in the range of -1.06 ∼ -1.90 ppm, indicating the unprecedented strong paratropic ring current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Xiaorong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China
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2
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Martin N, Le Guet T, Dupuy F, Grybos M, Joussein E. Effect of liming on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons leaching from hydrocarbon-contaminated tectogenic industriosol. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:124063. [PMID: 38697254 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Soil stabilization/solidification is commonly employed remediation method for contaminated soils. Until now, limited attention has been given to the application of quicklime in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil. We treated a tectogenic industriosol spiked with 50 mg kg-1 of four PAHs (12.5 mg kg-1 each of fluorene (FLU), phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLT) and pyrene (PYR)) using three different liming agents at 1% (w:w): quicklime (CaO), hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) and carbonate calcium (CaCO3). All treated samples were leached in water at a solid-liquid ratio of 10, with subsequent analysis of leached soil and leachates for PAHs content. Results revealed that the addition of liming agents led to a reduction in FLU and PHE concentrations in treated soil by 6.81 ± 2.47% and 28.88 ± 4.18%, respectively, compared to a not-treated sol. However, no significant impact was observed on the 4-cycles PAHs (FLT and PYR). The addition of liming agents also significantly decreased the amount of PAHs in the leachate, by 100% for FLU and PHE, and by 74.9 ± 17.5% and 72.3 ± 34.8%, for FLT and PYR, respectively, compared to not limed soil. Among the liming agents, quicklime was the most effective in reducing the amount of 4 cycles PAHs in the leachate. Various mechanisms, such as encapsulation, volatilization and oxidation could contribute to this observed reduction. Quicklime treatment at a concentration of 1% w:w in PAHs-contaminated soil emerges as a promising technique to effectively reduce PAHs concentration in soils and mitigate PAHs mobility through leaching. This study also sheds light on the possibility to limit CO2 emissions and resources exploitation to assure the remediation process, thereby enhancing its overall environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martin
- Limoges University, E2Lim UR 24133, 123 av. Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex, 87060, France
| | - Thibaut Le Guet
- Limoges University, E2Lim UR 24133, 123 av. Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex, 87060, France
| | - Fabrice Dupuy
- Limoges University, E2Lim UR 24133, 123 av. Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex, 87060, France
| | - Malgorzata Grybos
- Limoges University, E2Lim UR 24133, 123 av. Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex, 87060, France.
| | - Emmanuel Joussein
- Limoges University, E2Lim UR 24133, 123 av. Albert Thomas, Limoges, Cedex, 87060, France
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3
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Kleinpeter E, Koch A. Identification and quantification of local antiaromaticity in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on the magnetic criterion. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3035-3044. [PMID: 38534070 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The spatial magnetic properties, through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRSs, actually the ring current effect in 1H NMR spectroscopy), of a selection of entirely antiaromatic and aromatic polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons (PCHs), and aromatic PCHs with antiaromatic components, have been calculated using the GIAO perturbation method employing the nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) concept and visualized as iso-chemical-shielding surfaces (ICSSs) of various sizes and directions. Using both in-plane and above/below-plane ICSS data, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be readily distinguished from polycyclic antiaromatic ones, even when antiaromatic components are present in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These antiaromatic zones can also be attributed to internal components of the in-plane deshielding belt present in aromatic compounds and possible partial antiaromatic ring current effects in the same place. This makes it possible to unequivocally confirm correctly assigned or adjust incorrectly assigned antiaromaticity of individual rings in the same molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Kleinpeter
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam (Golm), Germany.
| | - Andreas Koch
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam (Golm), Germany.
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4
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Liu Y, Xu L, Rao Y, Kim J, Yin B, Zhou M, Oh J, Kim D, Song J, Osuka A. Stable Antiaromatic [24]Hexaphyrin(1.1.0.0.1.0) and Its Metal Complexes. Org Lett 2023; 25:8121-8126. [PMID: 37930089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
5,10,23-Trimesityl-substituted [24]hexaphyrin(1.1.0.0.1.0) was synthesized as a stable antiaromatic molecule by base-catalyzed twofold SNAr reaction and was reduced to the corresponding [26]hexaphyrin, which was an unstable aromatic molecule because it easily oxidized to the [24]hexaphyrin. The [24]hexaphyrin served as a ligand to give the bis-PdII complex and tris-RhI complex with unique structures. The former complex has two square-planar-coordinated PdII ions bridged by an acetate anion and shows a strong paratropic ring current, while the latter complex has three RhI ions coordinated with two pyrrolic nitrogen atoms and two carbonyl groups, but one carbonyl group is shared with two RhI ions in a unique manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Korea
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Korea
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Borissov A, Chmielewski PJ, Gómez García CJ, Lis T, Stępień M. Dinor[7]helicene and Beyond: Divergent Synthesis of Chiral Diradicaloids with Variable Open-Shell Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309238. [PMID: 37452009 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diradicaloid helicenes constructed formally by non-benzenoid double π-extension of phenanthrene were synthesized by a common strategy involving double electrophilic benzannulation. Steric effects in the second benzannulation step led to considerable structural diversity among the products, yielding a symmetrical dinor[7]helicene 1 and two isomeric unsymmetrical double helicenes 2 and 3, containing a nor[5]helicene and [4]helicene fragment, respectively, in addition to a common nor[6]helicene motif. Geometries, configurational dynamics, and electronic structure of these helicenes were analyzed using solid-state structures, spectroscopic methods, and computational analyses. The open-shell character of the singlet states of these helicenes increases in the order 3<1<2, with strongly varying diradicaloid indexes and singlet-triplet gaps. Compounds 1-3 displayed narrow optical gaps of 0.79-1.25 eV, resulting in significant absorption in the near infrared (NIR) region. They also exhibit reversible redox chemistry, each of them yielding stable radical cations, radical anions, and dianions, in some cases possessing intense NIR absorptions extending beyond 2500 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseni Borissov
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Carlos J Gómez García
- Institute of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, C/José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Guo J, Tian X, Wang Y, Dou C. Progress of Indeno-type Organic Diradicaloids. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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7
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Theoretical Study on the Structures, Electronic Properties, and Aromaticity of Thiophene Analogues of Anti-Kekulene. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We predict the geometries, electronic properties, and aromaticity of thiophene analogues of anti-kekulene with six to nine thiophene rings 1–4, together with those of cyclobutadithiophenes (CDTs) and anti-kekulene as reference compounds, using density functional theory calculations. Investigation of the simplest reference compounds, CDTs, reveals that the local aromaticity of their thiophene rings is influenced by their fused position (b- or c-bond) to the four-membered ring (4MR). A thiophene ring fused at the b-position (b-TR) retains its aromatic character to some extent, whereas the aromatic character of one fused at the c-position is attenuated. The 4MR with two fused b-TRs retains a strong anti-aromatic character. Thiophene analogues of anti-kekulene with six to eight thiophene rings 1–3 favor bowl-shaped structures, in contrast to the planar structure of anti-kekulene, because of the shorter distances of the sulfur bridges. Compound 4, with nine thiophene rings, adopts a planar structure. The local aromaticity and anti-aromaticity of the thiophene ring and 4MR are significantly attenuated in 1–4 compared with the reference compounds, the CDTs and anti-kekulene. This can be attributed to the considerable contribution of the quinoidal electronic structure in 1–4. The present study provides new insight into the aromatic and electronic nature of systems containing cyclobutadienothiophene.
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Kishida S, Takano M, Sekiya T, Ukaji Y, Endo K. Cyclopropenes for the Stepwise Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-Tetraarylbenzenes via 1,4-Cyclohexadienes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14833-14839. [PMID: 36201259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a synthetic approach to the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetraarylbenzene derivatives from cyclopropenes. The Lewis acid-mediated dimerization of cyclopropenes gives tricyclo[3.1.0.02,4]hexane derivatives. The subsequent thermal ring-opening reaction under solvent-free conditions gives 1,4-cyclohexadienes bearing quaternary carbons. The novel Br2-mediated oxidative rearrangement of 1,4-cyclohexadienes takes place to give 1,2,4,5-tetraarylbenzene derivatives in high to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kishida
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Misaki Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Sekiya
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ukaji
- Division of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kohei Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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9
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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10
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Khatua R, Debata S, Sahu S. Computational study of electron transport in halogen incorporated diindenotetracene compounds: crystal structure, charge transport and optoelectronic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13256-13265. [PMID: 35604064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05784g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure, charge transport and optoelectronic properties of newly designed air-stable halogenated diindenotetracene (DIT) based OSCs are reported in this article. The structural, electronic and charge transport properties of the compounds are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) formalism. The air-stability and n-type characteristics are validated from their low lying LUMO energies (<-3.9 eV) and large electron affinity (EA) values (>3.0 eV). Compared with the parent DIT, the designed DIT-X compounds (except for DIT-I) exhibit larger electronic coupling (Ve is found to be ∼1.5 times larger than that of the bare DIT) and higher electron mobilities because of the effect of electron-withdrawing groups substituted at the peripheral positions of the DIT derivatives. The designed DIT-X compounds (except DIT-I) show high electron mobilities (∼2.4-5.4 cm2 V-1 s-1), implying that the compounds can serve as promising electron transport materials. In addition, the UV-visible optical spectra of DIT derivatives (except DIT-F) display bathochromic shifts as compared to the bare DIT compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudranarayan Khatua
- Computational Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
| | - Suryakanti Debata
- Computational Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
| | - Sridhar Sahu
- Computational Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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11
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Li S, Sun Y, Meng Y, Li X, Zhang S. Progress in the Synthesis and Derivatization of Norcorrole. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202202039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Tsurusaki A, Kamikawa K. Multiple Helicenes Featuring Synthetic Approaches and Molecular Structures. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tsurusaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ken Kamikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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13
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Artigas A, Hagebaum-Reignier D, Carissan Y, Coquerel Y. Visualizing electron delocalization in contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13092-13100. [PMID: 34745540 PMCID: PMC8513938 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron delocalization in contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules was examined through 3D isotropic magnetic shielding (IMS) contour maps built around the molecules using pseudo-van der Waals surfaces. The resulting maps of electron delocalization provided an intuitive, yet detailed and quantitative evaluation of the aromatic, non aromatic, and antiaromatic character of the local and global conjugated cyclic circuits distributed over the molecules. An attractive pictural feature of the 3D IMS contour maps is that they are reminiscent of the Clar π-sextet model of aromaticity. The difference in delocalization patterns between the two faces of the electron circuits in contorted PAHs was clearly visualized. For π-extended contorted PAHs, some splits of the π system resulted in recognizable patterns typical of smaller PAHs. The differences between the delocalization patterns of diastereomeric chiral PAHs could also be visualized. Mapping IMS on pseudo-van der Waals surfaces around contorted PAHs allowed visualization of their superimposed preferred circuits for electron delocalization and hence their local and global aromaticity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Artigas
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2 13397 Marseille France
| | | | - Yannick Carissan
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2 13397 Marseille France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, ISM2 13397 Marseille France
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14
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Fernández I, Perles J, Martín N. Helically Arranged Chiral Molecular Nanographenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11864-11870. [PMID: 34283596 PMCID: PMC9490840 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A benchtop solution-phase synthesis of molecular nanographenes composed of two orthogonal dibenzo[fg,ij]phenanthro[9,10,1,2,3-pqrst]pentaphene (DBPP) moieties covalently connected through a tetrafluorobenzene ring is described. The helical arrangement of these three covalently linked molecular fragments leads to the existence of a chiral axis which gives rise to a racemic mixture, even with the molecular moieties being symmetrically substituted. X-ray diffraction studies show that both enantiomers cocrystallize in a single crystal, and the racemic mixture can be resolved by chiral HPLC. Asymmetric substitution in DBPP moieties affords a pair of diastereoisomers whose rotational isomerization has been studied by 1H NMR. Additionally, the electrochemical and photophysical properties derived from these new molecular nanographenes reveal an electroactive character and a significant fluorescent behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Laboratory, Interdepartmental Research Service (SIdI), Universidad Autónoma, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University,2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Li S, Smaga O, Sun Y, Li X, Pawlicki M, Sukniewicz M, Chmielewski PJ. Friedel–Crafts acylation of antiaromatic norcorroles: electronic and steric modulation of the paratropic current. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00621e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The first ever Friedel–Crafts acylation of an antiaromatic macrocycle was performed for norcorrolatonickel(ii) reacting with aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acid chlorides in the presence of AlCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Oskar Smaga
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50 383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Yahan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50 383 Wrocław
- Poland
- Department of Chemistry
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17
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Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang J, Meng W, Peng Q, Kong R, Xiao Z, Liu J, Huang M, Yi Y, Chen L, Fan Q, Lin G, Liu Z, Zhang G, Jiang L, Zhang D. Dicyclohepta[
ijkl
,
uvwx
]rubicene with Two Pentagons and Two Heptagons as a Stable and Planar Non‐benzenoid Nanographene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3529-3533. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Sha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yan‐Ying Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qian Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhenwei Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Miaofei Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qingrui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Gaobo Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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18
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Zhang X, Huang Y, Zhang J, Meng W, Peng Q, Kong R, Xiao Z, Liu J, Huang M, Yi Y, Chen L, Fan Q, Lin G, Liu Z, Zhang G, Jiang L, Zhang D. Dicyclohepta[
ijkl
,
uvwx
]rubicene with Two Pentagons and Two Heptagons as a Stable and Planar Non‐benzenoid Nanographene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi‐Sha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yan‐Ying Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qian Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ruirui Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhenwei Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Miaofei Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qingrui Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Gaobo Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesOrganic Solids LaboratoryInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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19
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Piccardo M, Soncini A, Fowler PW, Monaco G, Zanasi R. Design of annulene-within-an-annulene systems by the altanisation approach. A study of altan-[n]annulenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5476-5486. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06835j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computations on neutral and charged [n]annulenes confirm the general effectiveness of altanisation to design paratropic perimeter circulations. An extension of the design strategy is required for open-shell singlet species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patrick W. Fowler
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Sheffield
- Sheffield S3 7HF
- UK
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano 84084
- Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- University of Salerno
- Fisciano 84084
- Italy
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20
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Melidonie J, Dmitrieva E, Zhang K, Fu Y, Popov AA, Pisula W, Berger R, Liu J, Feng X. Dipyrene-Fused Dicyclopenta[a,f]naphthalenes. J Org Chem 2019; 85:215-223. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Melidonie
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ke Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Lodz University of Technology, Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Reinhard Berger
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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21
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Oki K, Takase M, Mori S, Uno H. Synthesis and Isolation of Antiaromatic Expanded Azacoronene via Intramolecular Vilsmeier-Type Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16255-16259. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Oki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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22
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Min Y, Dou C, Liu D, Dong H, Liu J. Quadruply B←N-Fused Dibenzo-azaacene with High Electron Affinity and High Electron Mobility. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17015-17021. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
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23
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Abstract
![]()
Nanographenes, which are defined as nanoscale (1–100 nm)
graphene cutouts, include quasi-one-dimensional graphene nanoribbons
(GNRs) and quasi-zero-dimensional graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) larger than 1 nm can be viewed as GQDs
with atomically precise molecular structures and can thus be termed
nanographene molecules. As a result of quantum confinement, nanographenes
are promising for next-generation semiconductor applications with
finite band gaps, a significant advantage compared with gapless two-dimensional
graphene. Similar to the atomic doping strategy in inorganic semiconductors,
incorporation of heteroatoms into nanographenes is a viable way to
tune their optical, electronic, catalytic, and magnetic properties.
Such properties are highly dependent not only on the molecular size
and edge structure but also on the heteroatom type, doping position,
and concentration. Therefore, reliable synthetic methods are required
to precisely control these structural features. In this regard, bottom-up
organic synthesis provides an indispensable way to achieve structurally
well-defined heteroatom-doped nanographenes. Polycyclic heteroaromatic
compounds have attracted great attention
of organic chemists for decades. Research in this direction has been
further promoted by modern interest in supramolecular chemistry and
organic electronics. The rise of graphene in the 21st century has
endowed large polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds with a new role
as model systems for heteroatom-doped graphene. Heteroatom-doped nanographene
molecules are in their own right promising materials for photonic,
optoelectronic, and spintronic applications because of the extended
π conjugation. Despite the significant advances in polycyclic
heteroaromatic compounds, heteroatom-doped nanographene molecules
with sizes of over 1 nm and their relevant GNRs are still scarce. In this Account, we describe the synthesis and properties of large
heteroatom-doped nanographenes, mainly summarizing relevant advances
in our group in the past decade. We first present several examples
of heteroatom doping based on the prototypical nanographene molecule,
i.e., hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC), including
nitrogen-doped HBC analogues by formal replacement of benzene with
other heterocycles (e.g., aromatic pyrimidine and pyrrole and antiaromatic
pyrazine) and sulfur-doped nanographene molecules via thiophene annulation.
We then introduce heteroatom-doped zigzag edges and a variety of zigzag-edged
nanographene molecules incorporating nitrogen, boron, and oxygen atoms.
We finally summarize heteroatom-doped GNRs based on the success in
the molecular cases. We hope that this Account will further stimulate
the synthesis and applications of heteroatom-doped nanographenes with
a combined effort from different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xuelin Yao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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24
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Zhang YF, Zhang CZ. Experimental and theoretical study on spontaneous intermolecular charge transfer features and antiaromaticities of unusual bisazo compounds with antiaromatic cores. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Konishi A, Horii K, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T, Yasuda M. Open-Shell and Antiaromatic Character Induced by the Highly Symmetric Geometry of the Planar Heptalene Structure: Synthesis and Characterization of a Nonalternant Isomer of Bisanthene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10165-10170. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic
and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koki Horii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Boominathan SSK, Chang KH, Liu YC, Wang CS, Wu CF, Chiang MH, Chou PT, Wu YT. Diindeno-Fused Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene and Dibenzo[c,l]chrysene: Syntheses, Structural Analyses, and Properties. Chemistry 2019; 25:7280-7284. [PMID: 30946487 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diindeno-fused dibenzo[a,h]anthracene 6 and diindeno-fused dibenzo[c,l]chrysene 9 contain the key moieties 1,4-quinodipropene (1,4-QDP) and 2,6-naphthoquinodipropene (2,6-NQDP), respectively, and they both have an open-shell singlet ground state. The latter compound exhibits a strong biradical character and interesting properties, including a low ΔET-S (2.44 kcal mol-1 ), a small HOMO-LUMO gap (1.06 eV), a wide photoabsorption range (250-1172 nm), and a large two-photon absorption cross-section (σ=1342±56 GM). This work verifies that 6 has a slightly larger HOMO-LUMO gap and ΔET-S than its helical isomer diindeno[2,1-f:1',2'-j]picene (DIP), but is a much stronger two-photon absorber, verifying the important effect of geometry on the photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai-Hsin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Feng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National (Taiwan) University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
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27
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Schneeweis APW, Hauer ST, Reiss GJ, Müller TJJ. Bis[1]benzothieno[1,4]thiazines: Planarity, Enhanced Redox Activity and Luminescence by Thieno-Expansion of Phenothiazine. Chemistry 2019; 25:3582-3590. [PMID: 30557458 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Twofold Buchwald-Hartwig aminations selectively furnish three regioisomers of bis[1]benzothieno[1,4]thiazines; X-ray structure analyses and DFT calculations were corroborated for correlation of their electronic properties. All regioisomers outscore the parent compound phenothiazine with respect to a low-lying oxidation potential and reversible redox activity. The anti-anti bis[1]benzothieno[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]thiazines possess the lowest oxidation potentials in this series and displayed pronounced green luminescence in solution (ΦF ≈20 %) and in the solid state. Syn-anti regioisomers were only weakly luminescent in solution, but showed aggregation-induced emission enhancement and solid-state luminescence. Most interestingly, X-ray structure analyses revealed that anti-anti derivatives have an amazingly coplanar structure of the pentacyclic anellated 1,4-thiazine system, emphasizing a structural similarity to heteroacenes. The calculated theoretical nucleus-independent chemical shifts additionally suggested that these 8π-electron core systems can be considered as the first electronically unbiased anellated 1,4-thiazines with antiaromatic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno P W Schneeweis
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simone T Hauer
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido J Reiss
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas J J Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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Majewski MA, Chmielewski PJ, Chien A, Hong Y, Lis T, Witwicki M, Kim D, Zimmerman PM, Stępień M. 5,10-Dimesityldiindeno[1,2- a:2',1'- i]phenanthrene: a stable biradicaloid derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3413-3420. [PMID: 30996930 PMCID: PMC6429611 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00170k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A diindenophenanthrene biradicaloid, formally derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, is obtained in a short, scalable synthesis.
A diindenophenanthrene biradicaloid, formally derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, is obtained in a short, scalable synthesis. The present system is electron-rich and devoid of conjugated substituents, and still exhibits very good stability under ambient conditions. The introduction of the diindeno[1,2-a:2′,1′-i] phenanthrene ring framework results in a singlet biradicaloid system with an easily accessible triplet state (ΔES–T = –1.30 kcal mol–1) and a small electronic bandgap (1.39 V). The stability limits of the title hydrocarbon were explored systematically in the solid state, to reveal an unusual thermally initiated hydrogen-scrambling oligomerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A Majewski
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Alan Chien
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
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29
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Ren D, Fu X, Li X, Koniarz S, Chmielewski PJ. Reaction of antiaromatic porphyrinoid with active methylene compounds. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00679f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antiaromatic norcorrolatonickel(ii) reacts regioselectively under basic conditions with active methylene compounds, yielding mono-substituted derivatives in which spectroscopic and redox properties of the starting macrocycle are retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xinliang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
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30
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Konishi A, Okada Y, Kishi R, Nakano M, Yasuda M. Enhancement of Antiaromatic Character via Additional Benzoannulation into Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene: Syntheses and Properties of Benzo[a]naphtho[2,1-f]pentalene and Dinaphtho[2,1-a,f]pentalene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:560-571. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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31
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Rottschäfer D, Busch J, Neumann B, Stammler HG, van Gastel M, Kishi R, Nakano M, Ghadwal RS. Diradical Character Enhancement by Spacing: N-Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Müller's Hydrocarbon. Chemistry 2018; 24:16537-16542. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jasmin Busch
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung; Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science; 38 Nishigo-Naka Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 Japan
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse; Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Centrum für Molekulare Materialien; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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32
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Oki K, Takase M, Mori S, Shiotari A, Sugimoto Y, Ohara K, Okujima T, Uno H. Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Core-Expanded Azacoronene Analogue: A Twisted π-System with Two N-Doped Heptagons. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10430-10434. [PMID: 30068084 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A core-expanded, pyrrole-fused azacoronene analogue containing two unusual N-doped heptagons was obtained from commercially available octafluoronaphthalene and 3,4-diethylpyrrole in two steps as a heteroatom-doped nonplanar nanographene. Full fusion with the formation of the tetraazadipleiadiene framework and the longitudinally twisted structure was unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The edge-to-edge dihedral angle along the acene moiety was 63°. This electron-rich π-system showed four reversible oxidation peaks. Despite the nonplanar structure, the Hückel aromaticity owing to a peripheral π-conjugation in the dicationic state was concluded from the bond-length alternation and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Oki
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takase
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Akitoshi Shiotari
- Department of Advanced Materials Science , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8561 , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sugimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science , The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8561 , Japan
| | - Keishi Ohara
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okujima
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Uno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Ehime University , Matsuyama 790-8577 , Japan
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33
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34
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Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. Kekulé diradicaloids derived from a classical N-heterocyclic carbene. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4970-4976. [PMID: 29938024 PMCID: PMC5989652 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct double carbenylation of 1,4-diiodobenzene and 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl with a classical N-heterocyclic carbene, SIPr (1) (SIPr = :C{N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)}2CH2CH2), by means of nickel catalysis gives rise to 1,3-imidazolinium salts [(SIPr)(C6H4)(SIPr)](I)2 (2) and [(SIPr)(C6H4)2(SIPr)](Br)2 (3) as off-white solids. Two-electron reduction of 2 and 3 with KC8 cleanly yields Kekulé diradicaloid compounds [(SIPr)(C6H4)(SIPr)] (4) and [(SIPr)(C6H4)2(SIPr)] (5), respectively, as crystalline solids. Structural parameters and DFT as well as CASSCF calculations suggest the closed-shell singlet ground state for 4 and 5. Calculations reveal a very low singlet-triplet energy gap ΔES-T for 5 (10.7 kcal mol-1), while ΔES-T for 4 (29.1 kcal mol-1) is rather large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse , Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie , Centrum für Molekulare Materialien , Fakultät für Chemie , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany . ; http://www.ghadwalgroup.de ; ; Tel: +49 521 106 6167
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse , Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie , Centrum für Molekulare Materialien , Fakultät für Chemie , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany . ; http://www.ghadwalgroup.de ; ; Tel: +49 521 106 6167
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse , Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie , Centrum für Molekulare Materialien , Fakultät für Chemie , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany . ; http://www.ghadwalgroup.de ; ; Tel: +49 521 106 6167
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie , Universität des Saarlandes , Campus C4.1 , D-66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse , Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie , Centrum für Molekulare Materialien , Fakultät für Chemie , Universität Bielefeld , Universitätsstr. 25 , D-33615 Bielefeld , Germany . ; http://www.ghadwalgroup.de ; ; Tel: +49 521 106 6167
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35
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Abstract
One antiaromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon (PH) with and without solubilizing tert-butyl substituents, namely s-indaceno[2,1- a:6,5- a']dipyrene (IDPs), has been synthesized by a four-step protocol. The IDPs represent the longitudinal, peri-extension of the indeno[1,2- b]fluorene skeleton towards a planar 40 π-electron system. Their structures were unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The optoelectronic properties were studied by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. These studies revealed that peri-fusion renders the IDP derivatives with a narrow optical energy gap of 1.8 eV. The maximum absorption of IDPs is shifted by 160 nm compared to the parent indenofluorene. Two quasi-reversible oxidation as well as reduction steps indicate an excellent redox behavior attributed to the antiaromatic core. Formation of the radical cation and the dication was monitored by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy during titration experiments. Notably, the fusion of s-indacene with two pyrene moieties lead to IDPs with absorption maxima approaching the near infrared (NIR) regime.
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36
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37
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Hiroto S. Innovative Synthesis and Functions of Curved π-Conjugated Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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38
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Nishinaga T, Shiroma S, Hasegawa M. Antiaromaticity of Planar Bisdehydro[12]- and Tetrakisdehydro[16]annulenes Fused with Dithieno[3,4-b:3′,4′-d]thiophenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:3426-3429. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shun Shiroma
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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39
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Synthesis of three new thiophene condensed pyrene derivatives, crystal structure and evaluation of their photophysical properties. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Studying an antiaromatic polycyclic hydrocarbon adsorbed on different surfaces. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1198. [PMID: 29568080 PMCID: PMC5864723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiaromatic and open-shell molecules are attractive because of their distinct electronic and magnetic behaviour. However, their increased reactivity creates a challenge for probing their properties. Here, we describe the on-surface and in-solution generation and characterisation of a highly reactive antiaromatic molecule: indeno[1,2-b]fluorene (IF). In solution, we generated IF by KI-induced dehalogenation of a dibromo-substituted precursor molecule and found that IF survives for minutes at ambient conditions. Using atom manipulation at low temperatures we generated IF on Cu(111) and on bilayer NaCl. On these surfaces, we characterised IF by bond-order analysis using non-contact atomic force microscopy with CO-functionalised tips and by orbital imaging using scanning tunnelling microscopy. We found that the closed-shell configuration and antiaromatic character predicted for gas-phase IF are preserved on the NaCl film. On Cu(111), we observed significant bond-order reorganisation within the s-indacene moiety because of chemisorption, highlighting the importance of molecule surface interactions on the π-electron distribution.
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41
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Tobe Y. Quinodimethanes Incorporated in Non-Benzenoid Aromatic or Antiaromatic Frameworks. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:12. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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42
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Li C, Yang Y, Miao Q. Recent Progress in Chemistry of Multiple Helicenes. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:884-894. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Li
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong S.A.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong S.A.R. China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong S.A.R. China
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43
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Zeng W, Hong Y, Medina Rivero S, Kim J, Zafra JL, Phan H, Gopalakrishna TY, Herng TS, Ding J, Casado J, Kim D, Wu J. Stable Nitrogen-Centered Bis(imino)rylene Diradicaloids. Chemistry 2018; 24:4944-4951. [PMID: 29396877 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of stable open-shell singlet diradicaloids is critical for their practical material application. So far, most reported examples are based on carbon-centered radicals, which are intrinsically reactive, and there are very few examples of stable nitrogen-centered diradicaloids. In this full paper, a series of soluble and stable bis(imino)rylenes up to octarylene were synthesized on the basis of newly developed dibromorylene intermediates. It was found that from hexarylene onward, these quinoidal rylenes showed open-shell singlet ground states and could be thermally populated to paramagnetic triplet aminyl diradicals. They are stable due to efficient spin delocalization onto the rylene backbone as well as kinetic blocking of the aminyl sites by the bulky and electron-deficient 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl groups. They exhibited very different electronic structures, diradical character, excited-state dynamics, one-photon absorption, two-photon absorption, and electrochemical properties from their respective aromatic rylene counterparts. These bis(imino)rylenes represent a rare class of stable, neutral, nitrogen-centered aminyl diradicaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, P. R. China
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - José L Zafra
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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44
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Mandal M, Balamurugan R. Triflic acid-Mediated Expedient Synthesis of Benzo[a
]fluorenes and Fluorescent Benzo[a
]fluorenones. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mou Mandal
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Gachibowli Hyderabad- 500046 India
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45
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Fu X, Meng Y, Li X, Stępień M, Chmielewski PJ. Extension of antiaromatic norcorrole by cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2510-2513. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00447a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cycloaddition of iminonitrile to norcorrolatonickel(ii) yields the first chiral antiaromatic tetrapyrrole and pyrazole-fused system of enhanced paratropicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Yankui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- Wrocław 50 383
- Poland
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46
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Qiu S, Wang C, Xie S, Huang X, Chen L, Zhao Y, Zeng Z. Toward helical-shaped diradicaloids: cyclobutenyl o-quinodimethane-bridged indeno[1,2-b]fluorenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11383-11386. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05929b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A new class of helical-shaped singlet biradicals disclosed featured properties and unusual half-field ΔMs = 2 transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Chaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou 325035
- P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Linyi University
- P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
- P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
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47
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Konishi A, Okada Y, Nakano M, Sugisaki K, Sato K, Takui T, Yasuda M. Synthesis and Characterization of Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene: Harmonization of the Antiaromatic and Singlet Biradical Character. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15284-15287. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center
for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Okada
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nakano
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kenji Sugisaki
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1
Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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48
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Barker JE, Frederickson CK, Jones MH, Zakharov LN, Haley MM. Synthesis and Properties of Quinoidal Fluorenofluorenes. Org Lett 2017; 19:5312-5315. [PMID: 28901775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and optoelectronic properties of 24 π-electron, formally antiaromatic fluoreno[3,2-b]fluorene and fluoreno[4,3-c]fluorene (FF), are presented. The solid-state structure of [4,3-c]FF along with computationally analogous molecules shows that the outer rings are aromatic while the central four rings possess a bond-localized 2,6-naphthoquinodimethane motif. The antiaromaticity and biradical character of the FFs is assessed computationally, the results of which indicate the dominance of the closed-shell ground state for these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Barker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Conerd K Frederickson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael H Jones
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Michael M Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
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49
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Lu X, Lee S, Hong Y, Phan H, Gopalakrishna TY, Herng TS, Tanaka T, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Zeng W, Ding J, Casanova D, Osuka A, Kim D, Wu J. Fluorenyl Based Macrocyclic Polyradicaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13173-13183. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | | | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - María Eugenia Sandoval-Salinas
- Departament
de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Institut
de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea & Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260 Singapore
| | - David Casanova
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea & Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE - Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
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