1
|
Li X, Wang L, Shao M, Song X, Wang L. Non-coordinating counteranion as a powerful tool to tune the activity of copper water oxidation catalysts. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:10421-10425. [PMID: 38856972 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00738g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Ten copper-bipyridine-type catalysts, [(bpyR)Cu(OH)2]2+, featuring diverse counteranions (OAc-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, OTf-) were synthesized. The observed substantial variations in turnover frequency (TOF) among these catalysts, coupled with insights gained from electrochemical investigations, underscore the pivotal influence of counteranions in fine-tuning the catalytic activity of metal complexes during water oxidation. The TOF value follows the trend of OAc- > Cl- > SO42- > NO3- > OTf-, which is the same as the change of coordinating ability index, a™. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveal that counteranion coordination plays an important role in influencing the catalytic performance of these complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Mengjiao Shao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xueling Song
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Rd., Shanghai 200093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Ping Y, Chen Y, Liu S, Dong J, Ruan Z, Liang X, Lin J. Improvement of electrocatalytic water oxidation activity of novel copper complex by modulating the axial coordination of phosphate on metal center. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5222-5229. [PMID: 38391031 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The structure of organic ligand scaffolds of copper complexes critically affects their electrocatalytic properties toward water oxidation, which is widely regarded as the bottleneck of overall water splitting. Herein, two novel mononuclear Cu complexes, [Cu(dmabpy)](ClO4)2 (1, dmabpy = 6,6'-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine) and [Cu(mabpy)](ClO4)2 (2, mabpy = 6,6'-bis(methylaminomethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine), with four-coordinated distorted planar quadrilateral geometry were synthesized and explored as efficient catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution in phosphate buffer solution. Interestingly, complex 1 with a tertiary amine group catalyzes water oxidation with lower onset overpotential and better catalytic performance, while complex 2 containing a secondary amine fragment displays much lower catalytic activity under identical conditions. The water oxidation catalytic mechanism of the two complexes is proposed based on the electrochemical test results. Experimental methods indicate that phosphate coordinated on the Cu center of the two complexes inhibits their reaction with substrate water molecules, resulting in lower activity toward water oxidation. Electrochemical tests reveal that the structure of the coordinated nitrogen atom improves the catalytic performance of the Cu complexes by modulating the coordination of phosphate on the Cu center, indicating that a minor alteration of the coordinating nitrogen atom of the ligand has a detrimental effect on the catalytic performance of electrochemical WOCs based on transition metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
| | - Yezi Ping
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
| | - Yanmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
| | - Jinfeng Dong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
| | - Zhijun Ruan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
| | - Xiangming Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Junqi Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
King DS, Wang F, Gerken JB, Gaggioli CA, Guzei IA, Kim YJ, Stahl SS, Gagliardi L. Divergent Bimetallic Mechanisms in Copper(II)-Mediated C-C, N-N, and O-O Oxidative Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3521-3530. [PMID: 38284769 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling of diaryl imines provides a route for conversion of ammonia to hydrazine. The present study uses experimental and density functional theory computational methods to investigate the mechanism of N-N bond formation, and the data support a mechanism involving bimolecular coupling of Cu-coordinated iminyl radicals. Computational analysis is extended to CuII-mediated C-C, N-N, and O-O coupling reactions involved in the formation of cyanogen (NC-CN) from HCN, 1,3-butadiyne from ethyne (i.e., Glaser coupling), hydrazine from ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide from water. The results reveal two different mechanistic pathways. Heteroatom ligands with an uncoordinated lone pair (iminyl, NH2, OH) undergo charge transfer to CuII, generating ligand-centered radicals that undergo facile bimolecular radical-radical coupling. Ligands lacking a lone pair (CN and CCH) form bridged binuclear diamond-core structures that undergo C-C coupling. This mechanistic bifurcation is rationalized by analysis of spin densities in key intermediates and transition states, as well as multiconfigurational calculations. Radical-radical coupling is especially favorable for N-N coupling owing to energetically favorable charge transfer in the intermediate and thermodynamically favorable product formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - James B Gerken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | | | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yeon Jung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan S, Sengupta S, Khan MA, Sk MP, Jana NC, Naskar S. Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by Mononuclear Copper Complexes of Bis-amide Ligands with N4 Donor: Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1888-1897. [PMID: 38232755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The present work describes electrocatalytic water oxidation of three monomeric copper complexes [CuII(L1)] (1), [CuII(L2)(H2O)] (2), and [CuII(L3)] (3) with bis-amide tetradentate ligands: L1 = N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)dipicolinamide, L2 = N,N'-(4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylene)bis(pyrazine-2-carboxamide), L3 = N,N'-(1,2-phenylene)bis(pyrazine-2-carboxamide), for the production of molecular oxygen by the oxidation of water at pH 13.0. Ligands and all complexes have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal XRD, analytical, and spectroscopic techniques. X-ray crystallographic data show that the ligand coordinates to copper in a dianionic fashion through deprotonation of two -NH protons. Cyclic voltammetry study shows a reversible copper-centered redox couple with one ligand-based oxidation event. The electrocatalytic water oxidation occurs at an onset potential of 1.16 (overpotential, η ≈ 697 mV), 1.2 (η ≈ 737 mV), and 1.23 V (η ≈ 767 mV) for 1, 2, and 3 respectively. A systematic variation of the ligand scaffold has been found to display a profound effect on the rate of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution. The results of the theoretical (density functional theory) studies show the stepwise ligand-centered oxidation process and the formation of the O-O bond during water oxidation passes through the water nucleophilic attack for all the copper complexes. At pH = 13, the turnover frequencies have been experimentally obtained as 88, 1462, and 10 s-1 (peak current measurements) for complexes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Production of oxygen gas during controlled potential electrolysis was detected by gas chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahanwaj Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Swaraj Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Md Adnan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Md Palashuddin Sk
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Narayan Ch Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, NISER, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar 752050, India
| | - Subhendu Naskar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology-Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen JN, Pan ZH, Qiu QH, Wang C, Long LS, Zheng LS, Kong XJ. Soluble Gd 6Cu 24 clusters: effective molecular electrocatalysts for water oxidation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:511-515. [PMID: 38179510 PMCID: PMC10762933 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05849b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The water oxidation half reaction in water splitting for hydrogen production is extremely rate-limiting. This study reports the synthesis of two heterometallic clusters (Gd6Cu24-IM and Gd6Cu24-AC) for application as efficient water oxidation catalysts. Interestingly, the maximum turnover frequency of Gd6Cu24-IM in an NaAc solution of a weak acid (pH 6) was 319 s-1. The trimetallic catalytic site, H2O-GdIIICuII2-H2O, underwent two consecutive two-electron two-proton coupled transfer processes to form high-valent GdIII-O-O-CuIII2 intermediates. Furthermore, the O-O bond was formed via intramolecular interactions between the CuIII and GdIII centers. The results of this study revealed that synergistic catalytic water oxidation between polymetallic sites can be an effective strategy for regulating O-O bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhong-Hua Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Qi-Hao Qiu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - La-Sheng Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiang-Jian Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu K, Wang T, Sun Y, Kang M, Wang X, Zhu D, Xue S, Shen J, Zhang Q, Liu J. Impact of the hybridization form of the coordinated nitrogen atom on the electrocatalytic water oxidation performance of copper complexes with pentadentate amine-pyridine ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:612-618. [PMID: 38063675 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03185c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The field of molecular catalysts places a strong emphasis on the connection between the ligand structure and its catalytic performance. Herein, we changed the type of coordinated nitrogen atom in pentadentate amine-pyridine ligands to explore the impact of its hybridization form on the water oxidation performance of copper complexes. In the electrochemical tests, the copper complex bearing dipyridine-triamine displayed an apparently higher rate constant of 4.97 s-1, while the copper complex with tripyridine-diamine demonstrated overpotential reduction by 56 mV and better long-term electrolytic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaishan Yu
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Mei Kang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Dingwei Zhu
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Siyi Xue
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Junyu Shen
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Qijian Zhang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Jinxuan Liu
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chatterjee A, Mondal P, Chakraborty P, Kumar B, Mandal S, Rizzoli C, Saha R, Adhikary B, Dey SK. Strategic Synthesis of Heptacoordinated Fe III Bifunctional Complexes for Efficient Water Electrolysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307832. [PMID: 37477221 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In this research, highly efficient heterogeneous bifunctional (BF) electrocatalysts (ECs) have been strategically designed by Fe coordination (CR ) complexes, [Fe2 L2 (H2 O)2 Cl2 ] (C1) and [Fe2 L2 (H2 O)2 (SO4 )].2(CH4 O) (C2) where the high seven CR number synergistically modifies the electronic environment of the Fe centre for facilitation of H2 O electrolysis. The electronic status of Fe and its adjacent atomic sites have been further modified by the replacement of -Cl- in C1 by -SO4 2- in C2. Interestingly, compared to C1, the O-S-O bridged C2 reveals superior BF activity with extremely low overpotential (η) at 10 mA cm-2 (140 mVOER , 62 mVHER ) and small Tafel slope (120.9 mV dec-1 OER , 45.8 mV dec-1 HER ). Additionally, C2 also facilitates a high-performance alkaline H2 O electrolyzer with cell voltage of 1.54 V at 10 mA cm-2 and exhibits remarkable long-term stability. Thus, exploration of the intrinsic properties of metal-organic framework (MOF)-based ECs opens up a new approach to the rational design of a wide range of molecular catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Papri Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Engineering Science and Technology, 711103, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, 723104, Purulia, WB, India
| | - Bidyapati Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, 723104, Purulia, WB, India
| | - Sourav Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, 723104, Purulia, WB, India
| | - Corrado Rizzoli
- Dipartimento S.C.V.S.A., Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Rajat Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, 713340, Asansol, WB, India
| | - Bibhutosh Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institution of Engineering Science and Technology, 711103, Shibpur, Howrah, India
| | - Subrata K Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, 723104, Purulia, WB, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Christensen EG, Steele RP. Structural, Thermodynamic, and Spectroscopic Evolution in the Hydration of Copper(II) Ions, Cu 2+(H 2O) 2-8. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6660-6676. [PMID: 37552878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase clusters of the hydrated Cu(II) cation with 2-8 water molecules were investigated using ab initio quantum chemistry. Isomer structures, energies, and vibrational spectra were computed across this size range, yielding a qualitative picture of this ion as an intact Cu2+ hydrate that also partially oxidizes the surrounding water network at equilibrium. At sufficient cluster sizes, these ion hydrates also become thermodynamically preferred over competitive Cu(II) hydroxide hydrates. Competitive coordination environments were found to exist at some cluster sizes, due to both hydrogen-bonding and d-orbital chemical effects, and the dominant coordination number was found in some cases to be temperature-dependent. Clear spectral signatures of the ion's coordination environment were computed to exist at each cluster size, which should make experimental verification of these computational predictions straightforward. Through comparison to recent studies of hydrated CuOH+, the effective charge on the metal center was shown to converge to approximately +1.5 in both cases, despite qualitatively different behavior of their radical spin densities. Therefore, nominally Cu(II) ions exhibit considerable electronic, chemical, and structural flexibility. The electronic origins of this flexibility─including key roles played by the water network itself─are investigated in this work and should provide a conceptual foundation for future studies of copper-based, water-oxidation catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ryan P Steele
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Christensen EG, Lutz KT, Spencer RJ, Steele RP. Persistence of a Delocalized Radical in Larger Clusters of Hydrated Copper(II) Hydroxide, CuOH +(H 2O) 3-7. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6647-6659. [PMID: 37587877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The structures, vibrational spectra, and electronic properties of copper hydroxide hydrates CuOH+(H2O)3-7 were investigated with quantum chemistry computations. As a follow-up to a previous analysis of CuOH+(H2O)0-2, this investigation examined the progression as the square-planar metal coordination environment was filled and as solvation shells expanded. Four-, five-, and six-coordinate structures were found to be low-energy isomers. The delocalized radical character, which was discovered in the small clusters, was found to persist upon continued hydration, although the hydrogen-bonded water network in the larger clusters was found to play a more significant role in accommodating this spin. Partial charges indicated that the electronic structure includes more Cu2+···OH- character than was observed in smaller clusters, but this structure remains decidedly mixed with Cu+···OH· configurations and yields roughly half-oxidation of the water network in the absence of any electrochemical potential. Computed vibrational spectra for n = 3 showed congruence with spectra from recent predissociation spectroscopy experiments, provided that the role of the D2 tag was taken into account. Spectra for n = 4-7 were predicted to exhibit features that are reflective of both the mixed electronic character and proton-/hydrogen-shuttling motifs within the hydrogen-bonded water network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin T Lutz
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ryan J Spencer
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ryan P Steele
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim B, Karlin KD. Ligand-Copper(I) Primary O 2-Adducts: Design, Characterization, and Biological Significance of Cupric-Superoxides. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2197-2212. [PMID: 37527056 PMCID: PMC11152209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Account, we overview and highlight synthetic bioinorganic chemistry focused on initial adducts formed from the reaction of reduced ligand-copper(I) coordination complexes with molecular oxygen, reactions that produce ligand-CuII(O2•-) complexes (O2•- ≡ superoxide anion). We provide mostly a historical perspective, starting in the Karlin research group in the 1980s, emphasizing the ligand design and ligand effects, structure, and spectroscopy of these O2 adducts and subsequent further reactivity with substrates, including the interaction with a second ligand-CuI complex to form binuclear species. The Account emphasizes the approach, evolution, and results obtained in the Karlin group, a synthetic bioinorganic research program inspired by the state of knowledge and insights obtained on enzymes possessing copper ion active sites which process molecular oxygen. These constitute an important biochemistry for all levels/types of organisms, bacteria, fungi, insects, and mammals, including humans.Copper is earth abundant, and its redox properties in complexes allow for facile CuII/CuI interconversions. Simple salts or coordination complexes have been well known to serve as oxidants for the stoichiometric or catalytic oxidation or oxygenation (i.e., O-atom insertion) of organic substrates. Thus, copper dioxygen- or peroxide-centered synthetic bioinorganic studies provide strong relevance and potential application to synthesis or even the development of cathodic catalysts for dioxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide or water, as in fuel cells. The Karlin group's focus however was primarily oriented toward bioinorganic chemistry with the goal to provide fundamental insights into the nature of copper-dioxygen adducts and further reduced and/or protonated derivatives, species likely occurring in enzyme turnover or related in one or more aspects of formation, structure, spectroscopic properties, and scope of reactivity toward organic/biochemical substrates.Prior to this time, the 1980s, O2 adducts of redox-active first-row transition-metal ions focused on iron, such as the porphyrinate-Fe centers occurring in the oxygen carrier proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin and that determined to occur in cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase turnover. Deoxy (i.e., reduced Fe(II)) heme proteins react with O2, giving FeIII-superoxo complexes (preferably referred to by traditional biochemists as ferrous-oxy species). And, it was in the 1970s that great strides were made by synthetic chemists in generating hemes capable of forming O2 adducts, their physiochemical characterization providing critical insights to enzyme (bio)chemistry and providing ideas and important goals leading to countless person years of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu F, He L, Dong S, Xuan J, Cui Q, Feng Y. Artificial Small Molecules as Cofactors and Biomacromolecular Building Blocks in Synthetic Biology: Design, Synthesis, Applications, and Challenges. Molecules 2023; 28:5850. [PMID: 37570818 PMCID: PMC10421094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are essential catalysts for various chemical reactions in biological systems and often rely on metal ions or cofactors to stabilize their structure or perform functions. Improving enzyme performance has always been an important direction of protein engineering. In recent years, various artificial small molecules have been successfully used in enzyme engineering. The types of enzymatic reactions and metabolic pathways in cells can be expanded by the incorporation of these artificial small molecules either as cofactors or as building blocks of proteins and nucleic acids, which greatly promotes the development and application of biotechnology. In this review, we summarized research on artificial small molecules including biological metal cluster mimics, coenzyme analogs (mNADs), designer cofactors, non-natural nucleotides (XNAs), and non-natural amino acids (nnAAs), focusing on their design, synthesis, and applications as well as the current challenges in synthetic biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling He
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sheng Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinsong Xuan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ali Akbari MS, Nandy S, Chae KH, Bikas R, Kozakiewicz-Piekarz A, Najafpour MM. Water Oxidation by a Copper(II) Complex with 6,6'-Dihydroxy-2,2'-Bipyridine Ligand: Challenges and an Alternative Mechanism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:5542-5553. [PMID: 37029750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recently, copper(II) complexes have been extensively investigated as oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) catalysts through a water-oxidation reaction. Herein, new findings regarding OER in the presence of a Cu(II) complex with 6,6'-dihydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine ligand are reported. Using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, in situ visible microscopy, in situ visible spectroelectrochemistry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemistry, it is hypothesized that the film formed on the electrode's surface in the presence of this complex causes an appropriated matrix to produce Cu (hydr)oxide. The resulting Cu (hydr)oxide could be a candidate for OER catalysis. The formed film could form Cu (hydr)oxide and stabilize it. Thus, OER activity increases in the presence of this complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleh Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Subhajit Nandy
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Chae
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Rahman Bikas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, 34148-96818 Qazvin, Iran
| | - Anna Kozakiewicz-Piekarz
- Department of Biomedical and Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences and Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li YY, Wang XY, Li HJ, Chen JY, Kou YH, Li X, Wang Y. Theoretical study on the mechanism of water oxidation catalyzed by a mononuclear copper complex: important roles of a redox non-innocent ligand and HPO 4 2- anion. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8352-8359. [PMID: 36926005 PMCID: PMC10011972 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00648d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The water oxidation reaction is the bottleneck problem of the artificial photosynthetic system. In this work, the mechanism of water oxidation catalyzed by a mononuclear copper complex in alkaline conditions was studied by density functional calculations. Firstly, a water molecule coordinating with the copper center of the complex (Cuii, 1) generates Cuii-H2O (2). 2 undergoes two proton-coupled electron transfer processes to produce intermediate (4). The oxidation process occurs mainly on the ligand moiety, and 4 (˙L-Cuii-O˙) can be described as a Cuii center interacting with a ligand radical antiferromagnetically and an oxyl radical ferromagnetically. 4 is the active species that can trigger O-O bond formation via the water nucleophilic attack mechanism. This process occurs in a step-wise manner. The attacking water transfers one of the protons to the HPO4 2- coupled with an electron transfer to the ligand radical, which generates a transient OH˙ interacting with the oxyl radical and H2PO4 -. Then the O-O bond is formed through the direct coupling of the oxo radical and the OH radical. The triplet di-oxygen could be released after two oxidation processes. According to the Gibbs free energy diagram, the O-O bond formation was suggested to be the rate-limiting step with a calculated total barrier of 19.5 kcal mol-1. More importantly, the copper complex catalyzing water oxidation with the help of a redox non-innocent ligand and HPO4 2- was emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Hui-Ji Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yao-Hua Kou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University Zhengzhou 450044 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jian J, Liao J, Zhou M, Yao M, Chen Y, Liang X, Liu C, Tong Q. Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting of Black Silicon Photoanode with pH‐Dependent Copper‐Bipyridine Catalysts. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201520. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Xin Jian
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Xin Liao
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Mu‐Han Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Ming Yao
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Xi‐Wen Liang
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Chao‐Ping Liu
- Department of Physics Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Xiao Tong
- Department of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Material of Guangdong Province and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention Shantou University Shantou Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lee YJ, Park S, Kim Y, Kim SH, Seo J. Facile synthetic method for peptoids bearing multiple azoles on side chains. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Jea Lee
- Department of Chemistry Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Park
- Department of Chemistry Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Gwangju Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu P, Yan S, Fang W, Wang B. Molecular Mechanism of the Mononuclear Copper Complex-Catalyzed Water Oxidation from Cluster-Continuum Model Calculations. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102508. [PMID: 35080143 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cluster-continuum model calculations were conducted to decipher the mechanism of water oxidation catalyzed by a mononuclear copper complex. Among various O-O bond formation mechanisms investigated in this study, the most favorable pathway involved the nucleophilic attack of OH- onto the .+ L-CuII -OH- intermediate. During such process, the initial binding of OH- to the proximity of .+ L-CuII -OH- would result in the spontaneous oxidation of OH- , leading to OH⋅ radical and CuII -OH- species. The further O-O coupling between OH⋅ radical and CuII -OH- was associated with a barrier of 14.8 kcal mol-1 , leading to the formation of H2 O2 intermediate. Notably, the formation of "CuIII -O.- " species, a widely proposed active species for O-O bond formation, was found to be thermodynamically unfavorable and could be bypassed during the catalytic reactions. On the basis the present calculations, a catalytic cycle of the mononuclear copper complex-catalyzed water oxidation was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 360015, P. R. China
| | - Shengheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 360015, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 360015, P. R. China
| | - Binju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 360015, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Resorcin[4]arene-based [Co12] supermolecule cage functionalized by bio-inspired [Co4O4] cubanes for visible light-driven water oxidation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
18
|
Li X, Lei H, Xie L, Wang N, Zhang W, Cao R. Metalloporphyrins as Catalytic Models for Studying Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution and Oxygen Reduction Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:878-892. [PMID: 35192330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are involved in biological and artificial energy conversions. H-H and O-O bond formation/cleavage are essential steps in these reactions. In nature, intermediates involved in the H-H and O-O bond formation/cleavage are highly reactive and short-lived, making their identification and investigation difficult. In artificial catalysis, the realization of these reactions at considerable rates and close to their thermodynamic reaction equilibria remains a challenge. Therefore, the elucidation of the reaction mechanisms and structure-function relationships is of fundamental significance to understand these reactions and to develop catalysts.This Account describes our recent investigations on catalytic HER, OER, and ORR with metalloporphyrins and derivatives. Metalloporphyrins are used in nature for light harvesting, energy conversion, electron transfer, O2 activation, and peroxide degradation. Synthetic metal porphyrin complexes are shown to be active for these reactions. We focused on exploring metalloporphyrins to study reaction mechanisms and structure-function relationships because they have stable and tunable structures and characteristic spectroscopic properties.For HER, we identified three H-H bond formation mechanisms and established the correlation between these processes and metal hydride electronic structures. Importantly, we provided direct experimental evidence for the bimetallic homolytic H-H bond formation mechanism by using sterically bulky porphyrins. Homolytic HER has been long proposed but rarely verified because the coupling of active hydride intermediates occurs spontaneously and quickly, making their detection challenging. By blocking the bimolecular mechanism through steric effects, we stabilized and characterized the NiIII-H intermediate and verified homolytic HER by comparing the reaction behaviors of Ni porphyrins with and without steric effects. We therefore provided an unprecedented example to control homolytic versus heterolytic HER mechanisms through tuning steric effects of molecular catalysts.For the OER, the water nucleophilic attack (WNA) on high-valent terminal Mn-oxo has been proposed for the O-O bond formation in natural and artificial water oxidation. By using Mn tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole, we identified MnV(O) and MnIV-peroxo intermediates in chemical and electrochemical OER and provided direct experimental evidence for the Mn-based WNA mechanism. Moreover, we demonstrated several catalyst design strategies to enhance the WNA rate, including the pioneering use of protective axial ligands. By studying Cu porphyrins, we proposed a bimolecular coupling mechanism between two metal-hydroxide radicals to form O-O bonds. Note that late-transition metals do not likely form terminal metal-oxo/oxyl.For the ORR, we presented several strategies to improve activity and selectivity, including providing rapid electron transfer, using electron-donating axial ligands, introducing hydrogen-bonding interactions, constructing dinuclear cooperation, and employing porphyrin-support domino catalysis. Importantly, we used Co porphyrin atropisomers to realize both two-electron and four-electron ORR, representing an unparalleled example to control ORR selectivity by tuning only steric effects without modifying molecular and/or electronic structures.Lastly, we developed several strategies to graft metalloporphyrins on various electrode materials through different covalent bonds. The molecular-engineered materials exhibit boosted electrocatalytic performance, highlighting promising applications of molecular electrocatalysis. Taken together, this Account demonstrates the benefits of exploring metalloporphyrins for the HER, OER, and ORR. The knowledge learned herein is valuable for the development of porphyrin-based catalysts and also other molecular and material catalysts for small molecule activation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Lisi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hsu WC, Wang YH. Homogeneous Water Oxidation Catalyzed by First-Row Transition Metal Complexes: Unveiling the Relationship between Turnover Frequency and Reaction Overpotential. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102378. [PMID: 34881515 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of earth-abundant low-toxicity metal ions in the construction of highly active and efficient molecular catalysts promoting the water oxidation reaction is important for developing a sustainable artificial energy cycle. However, the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the currently available molecular water oxidation catalysts (MWOCs) have not been comprehensively investigated. This Review summarizes the current status of MWOCs based on first-row transition metals in terms of their turnover frequency (TOF, a kinetic property) and overpotential (η, a thermodynamic property) and uses the relationship between log(TOF) and η to assess catalytic performance. Furthermore, the effects of the same ligand classes on these MWOCs are discussed in terms of TOF and η, and vice versa. The collective analysis of these relationships provides a metric for the direct comparison of catalyst systems and identifying factors crucial for catalyst design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chi Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee YJ, Kim H, Kim Y, Cho KH, Hong S, Nam KT, Kim SH, Choi CH, Seo J. Repurposing a peptide antibiotic as a catalyst: a multicopper–daptomycin complex as a cooperative O–O bond formation and activation catalyst. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01440h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A peptide antibiotic, daptomycin, was repurposed to a multicopper catalyst presenting cooperative rate enhancement in O–O bond formation and activation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Jea Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesol Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Kim
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hee Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyeong Hong
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Tae Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Kim
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 03759, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Water oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions: A mechanistic perspective. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
22
|
Lin J, Zheng S, Hong L, Yang X, Lv W, Li Y, Dai C, Liu S, Ruan Z. Efficient homogeneous electrochemical water oxidation by a copper( ii) complex with a hexaaza macrotricyclic ligand. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02449g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper complex [CuII(L)](ClO4)2 with a hexaaza macrotricyclic ligand is found to be an efficient homogeneous electrocatalyst for water oxidation with onset overpotential of 480 mV and a turnover frequency of 3.65 s−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Shenke Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Li Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Weixiang Lv
- Weifang Synovtech New Material Technology CO., LTD, Weifang, China
| | - Yichang Li
- Weifang Synovtech New Material Technology CO., LTD, Weifang, China
| | - Chang Dai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Zhijun Ruan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen QF, Cheng ZY, Liao RZ, Zhang MT. Bioinspired Trinuclear Copper Catalyst for Water Oxidation with a Turnover Frequency up to 20000 s -1. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19761-19768. [PMID: 34793144 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Solar-powered water splitting is a dream reaction for constructing an artificial photosynthetic system for producing solar fuels. Natural photosystem II is a prototype template for research on artificial solar energy conversion by oxidizing water into molecular oxygen and supplying four electrons for fuel production. Although a range of synthetic molecular water oxidation catalysts have been developed, the understanding of O-O bond formation in this multielectron and multiproton catalytic process is limited, and thus water oxidation is still a big challenge. Herein, we report a trinuclear copper cluster that displays outstanding reactivity toward catalytic water oxidation inspired by multicopper oxidases (MCOs), which provides efficient catalytic four-electron reduction of O2 to water. This synthetic mimic exhibits a turnover frequency of 20000 s-1 in sodium bicarbonate solution, which is about 150 and 15 times higher than that of the mononuclear Cu catalyst (F-N2O2Cu, 131.6 s-1) and binuclear Cu2 complex (HappCu2, 1375 s-1), respectively. This work shows that the cooperation between multiple metals is an effective strategy to regulate the formation of O-O bond in water oxidation catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Fa Chen
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ze-Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ming-Tian Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Li X, Zhang XP, Guo M, Lv B, Guo K, Jin X, Zhang W, Lee YM, Fukuzumi S, Nam W, Cao R. Identifying Intermediates in Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation with a Manganese Corrole Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14613-14621. [PMID: 34469154 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Water nucleophilic attack (WNA) on high-valent terminal Mn-oxo species is proposed for O-O bond formation in natural and artificial water oxidation. Herein, we report an electrocatalytic water oxidation reaction with MnIII tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole (1) in propylene carbonate (PC). O2 was generated at the MnV/IV potential with hydroxide, but a more anodic potential was required to evolve O2 with only water. With a synthetic MnV(O) complex of 1, a second-order rate constant, k2(OH-), of 7.4 × 103 M-1 s-1 was determined in the reaction of the MnV(O) complex of 1 with hydroxide, whereas its reaction with water occurred much more slowly with a k2(H2O) value of 4.4 × 10-3 M-1 s-1. This large reactivity difference of MnV(O) with hydroxide and water is consistent with different electrocatalytic behaviors of 1 with these two substrates. Significantly, during the electrolysis of 1 with water, a MnIV-peroxo species was identified with various spectroscopic methods, including UV-vis, electron paramagnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. Isotope-labeling experiments confirmed that both O atoms of this peroxo species are derived from water, suggesting the involvement of the WNA mechanism in water oxidation by a Mn complex. Density functional theory calculations suggested that the nucleophilic attack of hydroxide on MnV(O) and also WNA to 1e--oxidized MnV(O) are feasibly involved in the catalytic cycles but that direct WNA to MnV(O) is not likely to be the main O-O bond formation pathway in the electrocatalytic water oxidation by 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Bin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang XP, Wang HY, Zheng H, Zhang W, Cao R. O–O bond formation mechanisms during the oxygen evolution reaction over synthetic molecular catalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
27
|
Xu Z, Zheng Z, Chen Q, Wang J, Yu K, Xia X, Shen J, Zhang Q. Electrocatalytic water oxidation by a water-soluble copper complex with a pentadentate amine-pyridine ligand. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10888-10895. [PMID: 34308951 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01821c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble copper complex with a diamine-tripyridine ligand was synthesized successfully and well characterized. It was found to be catalytically active for the water oxidation reaction under basic conditions. Based on the electrochemical test result, this copper complex displayed an apparent rate constant (kcat) of 0.81 s-1 for the oxygen evolution reaction in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH 11.0. More importantly, the copper complex remained stable over 3 h of a bulk electrolysis experiment at 1.60 V with a Faradaic efficiency of 90.7% for O2 evolution, and the decrement of current density was only 1.9%. These results suggest that the pentadentate copper complex is an efficient and durable homogeneous Earth-abundant electrocatalyst for water oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xu
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Zilin Zheng
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Kaishan Yu
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Xia
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| | - Junyu Shen
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China. and Changshu Research Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China
| | - Qijian Zhang
- Jiangsu Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gorantla KR, Mallik BS. Mechanistic Insight into the O 2 Evolution Catalyzed by Copper Complexes with Tetra- and Pentadentate Ligands. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6461-6473. [PMID: 34282907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mononuclear complexes ([(bztpen)Cu] (BF4)2 (bztpen = N-benzyl-N,N',N'-tris (pyridin-2-yl methyl ethylenediamine))) and ([(dbzbpen)Cu(OH2)] (BF4)2 (dbzbpen = N,N'-dibenzyl-N,N'-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) ethylenediamine)) have been reported as water oxidation catalysts in basic medium (pH = 11.5). We explore the O2 evolution process catalyzed by these copper catalysts with various ligands (L) by applying the first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. First, the oxidation of catalysts to the metal-oxo intermediates [LCu(O)]2+ occurs through the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process. These intermediates are involved in the oxygen-oxygen bond formation through the water-nucleophilic addition process. Here, we have considered two types of oxygen-oxygen bond formation. The first one is the transfer of the hydroxide of the water molecule to the Cu═O moiety; the proton transfer to the solvent leads to the formation of the peroxide complex ([LCu(OOH)]+). The other is the formation of the hydrogen peroxide complex ([LCu(HOOH)]2+) by the transfer of proton and hydroxide of the water molecule to the metal-oxo intermediate. The formation of the peroxide complex requires less activation free energy than hydrogen peroxide formation for both catalysts. We found two transition states in the well-tempered metadynamics simulations: one for proton transfer and another for hydroxide transfer. In both cases, the proton transfer requires higher free energy. Following the formation of the oxygen-oxygen bond, we study the release of the dioxygen molecule. The formed peroxide and hydrogen peroxide complexes are converted into the superoxide complex ([LCu(OO)]2+) through the transfer of proton, electron, and PCET processes. The superoxide complex releases an oxygen molecule upon the addition of a water molecule. The free energy of activation for the release of the dioxygen molecule is lesser than that of the oxygen-oxygen bond formation. When we observe the entire water oxidation process, the oxygen-oxygen bond formation is the rate-determining step. We calculated the rates of reaction by using the Eyring equation and found them to be close to the experimental values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koteswara Rao Gorantla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| | - Bhabani S Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ruan G, Ghosh P, Fridman N, Maayan G. A Di-Copper-Peptoid in a Noninnocent Borate Buffer as a Fast Electrocatalyst for Homogeneous Water Oxidation with Low Overpotential. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10614-10623. [PMID: 34237937 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Water electrolysis is a promising approach toward low-cost renewable fuels; however, the high overpotential and slow kinetics limit its applicability. Studies suggest that either dinuclear copper (Cu) centers or the use of borate buffer can lead to efficient catalysis. We previously demonstrated the ability of peptoids-N-substituted glycine oligomers-to stabilize high-oxidation-state metal ions and to form self-assembled di-copper-peptoid complexes. Capitalizing on these features herein we report on a unique Cu-peptoid duplex, Cu2(BEE)2, that is a fast and stable homogeneous electrocatalyst for water oxidation in borate buffer at pH 9.35, with low overpotential and a high turnover frequency of 129 s-1 (peak current measurements) or 5503 s-1 (FOWA); both are the highest reported for Cu-based water electrocatalysts to date. BEE is a peptoid trimer having one 2,2'-bipyridine ligand and two ethanolic groups, easily synthesized on solid support. Cu2(BEE)2 was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and various spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques, demonstrating its ability to maintain stable in four cycles of controlled potential electrolysis, leading to a high overall turnover number of 51.4 in a total of 2 h. Interestingly, the catalytic activity of control complexes having only one ethanolic side chain is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of Cu2(BEE)2. On the basis of this comparison and on mechanistic studies, we propose that the ethanolic side chains and the borate buffer have significant roles in the high stability and catalytic activity of Cu2(BEE)2; the -OH groups facilitate protons transfer, while the borate species enables oxygen transfer toward O-O bond formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Ruan
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Pritam Ghosh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Galia Maayan
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.,The Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kondo M, Tatewaki H, Masaoka S. Design of molecular water oxidation catalysts with earth-abundant metal ions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6790-6831. [PMID: 33977932 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The four-electron oxidation of water (2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e-) is considered the main bottleneck in artificial photosynthesis. In nature, this reaction is catalysed by a Mn4CaO5 cluster embedded in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Ruthenium-based complexes have been successful artificial molecular catalysts for mimicking this reaction. However, for practical and large-scale applications in the future, molecular catalysts that contain earth-abundant first-row transition metal ions are preferred owing to their high natural abundance, low risk of depletion, and low costs. In this review, the frontier of water oxidation reactions mediated by first-row transition metal complexes is described. Special attention is paid towards the design of molecular structures of the catalysts and their reaction mechanisms, and these factors are expected to serve as guiding principles for creating efficient and robust molecular catalysts for water oxidation using ubiquitous elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. and Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan and JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hayato Tatewaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. and Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chattopadhyay S, Ghatak A, Ro Y, Guillot R, Halime Z, Aukauloo A, Dey A. Ligand Radical Mediated Water Oxidation by a Family of Copper o-Phenylene Bis-oxamidate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9442-9455. [PMID: 34137590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the reactivity landscape for the activation of water until the formation of the O-O bond and O2 release in molecular chemistry is a decisive step in guiding the elaboration of cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen-evolving reaction (OER). Copper(II) complexes have recently caught the attention of chemists as catalysts for the 4e-/4H+ water oxidation process. While a copper(IV) intermediate has been proposed as the reactive intermediate species, no spectroscopic signature has been reported so far. Copper(III) ligand radical species have also been formulated and supported by theoretical studies. We found, herein, that the reactivity sequence for the water oxidation with a family of Copper(II) o-phenylene bis-oxamidate complexes is a function of the substitution pattern on the periphery of the aromatic ring. In-situ EPR, FTIR, and rR spectroelectrochemical studies helped to sequence the elementary electrochemical and chemical events leading toward the O2 formation selectively at the copper center. EPR and FTIR spectroelectrochemistry suggests that ligand-centered oxidations are preferred over metal-centered oxidations. rR spectroelectrochemical study revealed the accumulation of a bis-imine bound copper(II) superoxide species, as the reactive intermediate, under catalytic turnover, which provides the evidence for the O-O bond formation during OER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Chattopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arnab Ghatak
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Youngju Ro
- Université Paris Saclay, ICMMO CNRS 8182, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Université Paris Saclay, ICMMO CNRS 8182, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Zakaria Halime
- Université Paris Saclay, ICMMO CNRS 8182, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex, France
| | - Ally Aukauloo
- Université Paris Saclay, ICMMO CNRS 8182, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex, France.,Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 9198, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Geer AM, Musgrave III C, Webber C, Nielsen RJ, McKeown BA, Liu C, Schleker PPM, Jakes P, Jia X, Dickie DA, Granwehr J, Zhang S, Machan CW, Goddard WA, Gunnoe TB. Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by a Trinuclear Copper(II) Complex. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Geer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles Musgrave III
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher Webber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Robert J. Nielsen
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Bradley A. McKeown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - P. Philipp M. Schleker
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Peter Jakes
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Josef Granwehr
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles W. Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Department of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Christensen EG, Lutz KT, Steele RP. Electronic Structure and Vibrational Signatures of the Delocalized Radical in Hydrated Clusters of Copper("II") Hydroxide CuOH +(H 2O) 0-2. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3631-3645. [PMID: 33881321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The copper hydroxide ion, CuOH+, serves as the catalytic core in several recently developed water-splitting catalysts, and an understanding of its chemistry is critical to determining viable catalytic mechanisms. In spite of its importance, the electronic structure of this open-shell ion has remained ambiguous in the literature. In particular, computed values for both the thermodynamics of hydration and the vibrational signatures of the mono- and dihydrates have shown prohibitively large errors compared to values from recent experimental measurements. In this work, the source of this discrepancy is demonstrated to be the propensity of this ion to exist between traditional Cu(I) and Cu(II) oxidation-state limits. The spin density of the radical is accordingly shown to delocalize between the metal center and surrounding ligands, and increasing the hydration serves to exacerbate this behavior. Equation-of-motion coupled-cluster methods demonstrated the requisite accuracy to resolve the thermodynamic discrepancies. Such methods were also needed for spectral simulations, although the latter also required a direct simulation of the role of the deuterium "tag" molecules that are used in modern predissociation spectroscopy experiments. This nominally benign tag molecule underwent direct complexation with the open-valence metal ion, thereby forming a species akin to known metal-H2 complexes and strongly impacting the resulting spectrum. Thermal populations of this configuration and other more traditional noncovalently bound isomers led to a considerable broadening of the spectral lineshapes. Therefore, at least for the CuOH+(H2O)0-2 hydrates, these benchmark ions should be considered to be delocalized radical systems with some degree of multireference character at equilibrium. They also serve as a cautionary tale for the spectroscopy community, wherein the role of the D2 tag is far from benign.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kevin T Lutz
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ryan P Steele
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Balaghi SE, Mehrabani S, Mousazade Y, Bagheri R, Sologubenko AS, Song Z, Patzke GR, Najafpour MM. Mechanistic Understanding of Water Oxidation in the Presence of a Copper Complex by In Situ Electrochemical Liquid Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19927-19937. [PMID: 33886278 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of molecular oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) catalysts requires fundamental mechanistic studies on their widely unknown mechanisms of action. To this end, copper complexes keep attracting interest as good catalysts for the OER, and metal complexes with TMC (TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) stand out as active OER catalysts. A mononuclear copper complex, [Cu(TMC)(H2O)](NO3)2 (TMC = 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), combined both key features and was previously reported to be one of the most active copper-complex-based catalysts for electrocatalytic OER in neutral aqueous solutions. However, the functionalities and mechanisms of the catalyst are still not fully understood and need to be clarified with advanced analytical studies to enable further informed molecular catalyst design on a larger scale. Herein, the role of nanosized Cu oxide particles, ions, or clusters in the electrochemical OER with a mononuclear copper(II) complex with TMC was investigated by operando methods, including in situ vis-spectroelectrochemistry, in situ electrochemical liquid transmission electron microscopy (EC-LTEM), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. These combined experiments showed that Cu oxide-based nanoparticles, rather than a molecular structure, are formed at a significantly lower potential than required for OER and are candidates for being the true OER catalysts. Our results indicate that for the OER in the presence of a homogeneous metal complex-based (pre)catalyst, careful analyses and new in situ protocols for ruling out the participation of metal oxides or clusters are critical for catalyst development. This approach could be a roadmap for progress in the field of sustainable catalysis via informed molecular catalyst design. Our combined approach of in situ TEM monitoring and a wide range of complementary spectroscopic techniques will open up new perspectives to track the transformation pathways and true active species for a wide range of molecular catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Esmael Balaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Somayeh Mehrabani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 45137-66731 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Younes Mousazade
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 45137-66731 Zanjan, Iran
| | - Robabeh Bagheri
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, China
| | - Alla S Sologubenko
- Scientific Center of Optical and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhenlun Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 315201 Ningbo, China
| | - Greta R Patzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 45137-66731 Zanjan, Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 45137-66731 Zanjan, Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences & Modern Technologies (RBST), Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 45137-66731 Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
D’Agostini S, Kottrup KG, Casadevall C, Gamba I, Dantignana V, Bucci A, Costas M, Lloret-Fillol J, Hetterscheid DG. Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation with α-[Fe(mcp)(OTf) 2] and Analogues. ACS Catal 2021; 11:2583-2595. [PMID: 33815893 PMCID: PMC8016111 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The complex α-[Fe(mcp)(OTf)2] (mcp = N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine
and OTf
= trifluoromethanesulfonate anion) was reported in 2011 by some of
us as an active water oxidation (WO) catalyst in the presence of sacrificial
oxidants. However, because chemical oxidants are likely to take part
in the reaction mechanism, mechanistic electrochemical studies are
critical in establishing to what extent previous studies with sacrificial
reagents have actually been meaningful. In this study, the complex
α-[Fe(mcp)(OTf)2] and its analogues were investigated
electrochemically under both acidic and neutral conditions. All the
systems under investigation proved to be electrochemically active
toward the WO reaction, with no major differences in activity despite
the structural changes. Our findings show that WO-catalyzed by mcp–iron
complexes proceeds via homogeneous species, whereas the analogous
manganese complex forms a heterogeneous deposit on the electrode surface.
Mechanistic studies show that the reaction proceeds with a different
rate-determining step (rds) than what was previously proposed in the
presence of chemical oxidants. Moreover, the different kinetic isotope
effect (KIE) values obtained electrochemically at pH 7 (KIE ∼
10) and at pH 1 (KIE = 1) show that the reaction conditions have a
remarkable effect on the rds and on the mechanism. We suggest a proton-coupled
electron transfer (PCET) as the rds under neutral conditions, whereas
at pH 1 the rds is most likely an electron transfer (ET).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia D’Agostini
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carla Casadevall
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Spain (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ilaria Gamba
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Valeria Dantignana
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Alberto Bucci
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Spain (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, Spain (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
In neutral medium (pH 7.0) [RuIIIRuII(µ-CO3)4(OH)]4− undergoes one electron oxidation to form [RuIIIRuIII(µ-CO3)4(OH)2]4− at an E1/2 of 0.85 V vs. NHE followed by electro-catalytic water oxidation at a potential ≥1.5 V. When the same electrochemical measurements are performed in bicarbonate medium (pH 8.3), the complex first undergoes one electron oxidation at an Epa of 0.86 V to form [RuIIIRuIII(µ-CO3)4(OH)2]4−. This complex further undergoes two step one electron oxidations to form RuIVRuIII and RuIVRuIV species at potentials (Epa) 1.18 and 1.35 V, respectively. The RuIVRuIII and RuIVRuIV species in bicarbonate solutions are [RuIVRuIII(µ-CO3)4(OH)(CO3)]4− and [RuIVRuIV(µ-CO3)4(O)(CO3)]4− based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The formation of HCO4− in the course of the oxidation has been demonstrated by DFT. The catalyst acts as homogeneous water oxidation catalyst, and after long term chronoamperometry, the absorption spectra does not change significantly. Each step has been found to follow a proton coupled electron transfer process (PCET) as obtained from the pH dependent studies. The catalytic current is found to follow linear relation with the concentration of the catalyst and bicarbonate. Thus, bicarbonate is involved in the catalytic process that is also evident from the generation of higher oxidation peaks in cyclic voltammetry. The detailed mechanism has been derived by DFT. A catalyst with no organic ligands has the advantage of long-time stability.
Collapse
|
37
|
From Ru-bda to Ru-bds: a step forward to highly efficient molecular water oxidation electrocatalysts under acidic and neutral conditions. Nat Commun 2021; 12:373. [PMID: 33446649 PMCID: PMC7809030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances during the past decades in the design and studies of Ru complexes with polypyridine ligands have led to the great development of molecular water oxidation catalysts and understanding on the O−O bond formation mechanisms. Here we report a Ru-based molecular water oxidation catalyst [Ru(bds)(pic)2] (Ru-bds; bds2− = 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-disulfonate) containing a tetradentate, dianionic sulfonate ligand at the equatorial position and two 4-picoline ligands at the axial positions. This Ru-bds catalyst electrochemically catalyzes water oxidation with turnover frequencies (TOF) of 160 and 12,900 s−1 under acidic and neutral conditions respectively, showing much better performance than the state-of-art Ru-bda catalyst. Density functional theory calculations reveal that (i) under acidic conditions, the high valent Ru intermediate RuV=O featuring the 7-coordination configuration is involved in the O−O bond formation step; (ii) under neutral conditions, the seven-coordinate RuIV=O triggers the O−O bond formation; (iii) in both cases, the I2M (interaction of two M−O units) pathway is dominant over the WNA (water nucleophilic attack) pathway. Developing efficient molecular water oxidation catalysts for artificial photosynthesis is a challenging task. Here the authors introduce a ruthenium based complex with negatively charged sulfonate groups to effectively drive water oxidation under both acidic and neutral conditions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Li J, Triana CA, Wan W, Adiyeri Saseendran DP, Zhao Y, Balaghi SE, Heidari S, Patzke GR. Molecular and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts: recent progress and joint perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2444-2485. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00978d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The recent synthetic and mechanistic progress in molecular and heterogeneous water oxidation catalysts highlights the new, overarching strategies for knowledge transfer and unifying design concepts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - C. A. Triana
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - W. Wan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | | | - Y. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - S. E. Balaghi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - S. Heidari
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - G. R. Patzke
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- CH-8057 Zurich
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang XP, Chandra A, Lee YM, Cao R, Ray K, Nam W. Transition metal-mediated O–O bond formation and activation in chemistry and biology. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4804-4811. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
O–O bond formation and activation reactions proceed via multi-step reactions in chemistry and biology and involve similar reactive intermediates like metal–oxo/oxyl, metal–superoxo, and/or metal–(hydro)peroxo species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
| | - Anirban Chandra
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 03760
- Korea
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
| | - Kallol Ray
- Department of Chemistry
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang W, Moore CE, Zhang S. Encapsulation of tricopper cluster in a synthetic cryptand enables facile redox processes from Cu ICu ICu I to Cu IICu IICu II states. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2986-2992. [PMID: 34164067 PMCID: PMC8179370 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05441k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One-pot reaction of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN), [CuI(MeCN)4]PF6, and paraformaldehyde affords a mixed-valent [TREN4CuIICuICuI(μ3-OH)](PF6)3 complex. The macrocyclic azacryptand TREN4 contains four TREN motifs, three of which provide a bowl-shape binding pocket for the [Cu3(μ3-OH)]3+ core. The fourth TREN caps on top of the tricopper cluster to form a cryptand, imposing conformational constraints and preventing solvent interaction. Contrasting the limited redox capability of synthetic tricopper complexes reported so far, [TREN4CuIICuICuI(μ3-OH)](PF6)3 exhibits several reversible single-electron redox events. The distinct electrochemical behaviors of [TREN4CuIICuICuI(μ3-OH)](PF6)3 and its solvent-exposed analog [TREN3CuIICuIICuII(μ3-O)](PF6)4 suggest that isolation of tricopper core in a cryptand enables facile electron transfer, allowing potential application of synthetic tricopper complexes as redox catalysts. Indeed, the fully reduced [TREN4CuICuICuI(μ3-OH)](PF6)2 can reduce O2 under acidic conditions. The geometric constraints provided by the cryptand are reminiscent of Nature's multicopper oxidases (MCOs). For the first time, a synthetic tricopper cluster was isolated and fully characterized at CuICuICuI (4a), CuIICuICuI (4b), and CuIICuIICuI (4c) states, providing structural and spectroscopic models for many intermediates in MCOs. Fast electron transfer rates (105 to 106 M-1 s-1) were observed for both CuICuICuI/CuIICuICuI and CuIICuICuI/CuIICuIICuI redox couples, approaching the rapid electron transfer rates of copper sites in MCO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave Columbus OH USA
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave Columbus OH USA
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University 100 W. 18th Ave Columbus OH USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Younus HA, Zhang Y, Vandichel M, Ahmad N, Laasonen K, Verpoort F, Zhang C, Zhang S. Water Oxidation at Neutral pH using a Highly Active Copper-Based Electrocatalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5088-5099. [PMID: 32667741 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode severely limit hydrogen production at the cathode in water splitting systems. Although electrocatalytic systems based on cheap and earth-abundant copper catalysts have shown promise for water oxidation under basic conditions, only very few examples with high overpotential can be operated under acidic or neutral conditions, even though hydrogen evolution in the latter case is much easier. This work presents an efficient and robust Cu-based molecular catalyst, which self-assembles as a periodic film from its precursors under aqueous conditions on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. This film catalyzes the OER under neutral conditions with impressively low overpotential. In controlled potential electrolysis, a stable catalytic current of 1.0 mA cm-2 can be achieved at only 2.0 V (vs. RHE) and no significant decrease in the catalytic current is observed even after prolonged bulk electrolysis. The catalyst displays first-order kinetics and a single site mechanism for water oxidation with a TOF (kcat ) of 0.6 s-1 . DFT calculations on of the periodic Cu(TCA)2 (HTCA=1-mesityl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid) film reveal that TCA defects within the film create CuI active sites that provide a low overpotential route for OER, which involves CuI , CuII -OH, CuIII =O and CuII -OOH intermediates and is enabled at a potential of 1.54 V (vs. RHE), requiring an overpotential of 0.31 V. This corresponds well with an overpotential of approximately 0.29 V obtained experimentally for the grown catalytic film after 100 CV cycles at pH 6. However, to reach a higher current density of 1 mA cm-2 , an overpotential of 0.72 V is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A Younus
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Matthias Vandichel
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kari Laasonen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Laboratory of Organometallics, Catalysis and Ordered Materials, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Nanophotonics and Optoelectronics Research Center, Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
| | - Shiguo Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Applied Technology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
VanNatta PE, Ramirez DA, Velarde AR, Ali G, Kieber-Emmons MT. Exceptionally High O–H Bond Dissociation Free Energy of a Dicopper(II) μ-Hydroxo Complex and Insights into the Geometric and Electronic Structure Origins Thereof. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16292-16312. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter E. VanNatta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - David A. Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Andres R. Velarde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Ghazanfar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Copper coordination complexes have emerged as a group of transition metal complexes that play important roles in solar energy conversion, utilization and storage, and have the potential to replace the quintessential commonly used transition metals, like Co, Pt, Ir and Ru as light sensitizers, redox mediators, electron donors and catalytic centers. The applications of copper coordination compounds in chemistry and energy related technologies are many and demonstrate their rightful place as sustainable, low toxicity and Earth-abundant alternative materials. In this perspective we show the most recent impact made by copper coordination complexes in dye-sensitized solar cells and other energy relevant applications.
Collapse
|
44
|
Marais L, Vosloo HC, Swarts AJ. The development of a Cu(I)/pyrazolylpyridineamine catalyst system for the hydroxylation of aryl halides. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
45
|
Yang J, Liu B, Duan L. Structural evolution of the Ru-bms complex to the real water oxidation catalyst of Ru-bda: the bite angle matters. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4369-4375. [PMID: 32167105 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ru-Based complexes have advanced the study of molecular water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) both in catalysis and mechanism. The electronic effect has always been considered as an essential factor for the catalyst properties while less attention has been focused on the bite angle effect on water oxidation catalysis. The Ru-bda ([Ru(bda)(pic)2]; bda2- = 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate; pic = 4-picoline) catalyst is one of the most active WOCs and it has a largely distorted octahedral configuration with an O-Ru-O bite angle of 123°. Herein, we replaced the carboxylate (-COO-) groups of bda2- with two methylenesulfonate (-CH2SO3-) groups and prepared a negatively charged ligand, bms2- (2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dimethanesulfonate), and the Ru-bms complex [Ru(bms)(pic)2]. The O-Ru-O bite angle changed from 123° in Ru-bda to 84° in Ru-bms, leading to a dramatic influence on the catalytic behavior. Systematic analysis of the reaction intermediates suggested that Ru-bms transformed all the way to Ru-bdavia oxidative decomposition under CeIV-driven water oxidation conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Lele Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang X, Li YY, Jiang J, Zhang R, Liao RZ, Wang M. A Dinuclear Copper Complex Featuring a Flexible Linker as Water Oxidation Catalyst with an Activity Far Superior to Its Mononuclear Counterpart. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5424-5432. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lee H, Wu X, Sun L. Copper-based homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for electrochemical water oxidation. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:4187-4218. [PMID: 32022815 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10437b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water oxidation is currently believed to be the bottleneck in the field of electrochemical water splitting and artificial photosynthesis. Enormous efforts have been devoted toward the exploration of water oxidation catalysts (WOCs), including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Recently, Cu-based WOCs have been widely developed because of their high abundance, low cost, and biological relevance. However, to the best of our knowledge, no review has been made so far on such types of catalysts. Thus, we have summarized the recent progress made in the development of homogeneous and heterogeneous Cu-based WOCs for electrochemical catalysis. Furthermore, the evaluations of catalytic activity, stability, and mechanism of these catalysts are carefully concluded and highlighted. We believe that this review can summarize the current progress in the field of Cu-based electrochemical WOCs and help in the design of more efficient and stable WOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Husileng Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China.
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China.
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), 116024 Dalian, China. and Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden and Institute for Energy Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tsubonouchi Y, Honta J, Sato T, Mohamed EA, Zahran ZN, Saito K, Yui T, Yagi M. Multi-potential-step chronocoulospectrometry for electrocatalytic water oxidation by a mononuclear ruthenium aquo complex immobilized on a mesoporous ITO electrode. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1416-1423. [PMID: 31913399 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new mononuclear Ru aquo complex [Ru(C8Otpy)(H2dcbpy)(OH2)]2+ with 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine (H2dcbpy) and 4'-octyloxy-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (C8Otpy) ligands was synthesized to investigate electrocatalytic water oxidation by the complex immobilized on a mesoporous indium-doped tin oxide (meso-ITO) electrode using a multi-potential-step chronocoulospectrometric (MPSCCS) technique. UV-visible absorption spectroscopic data indicated that [Ru(C8Otpy)(dcbpy)(OH2)] (RuOH2) is deprotonated to [Ru(C8Otpy)(dcbpy)(OH)]- (RuOH) on the meso-ITO surface even at pH 5.9 of the electrolyte solution. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the RuOH/meso-ITO electrode showed a pH-independent redox response at E1/2 = 0.80 V vs. Ag/AgCl in the pH range of 5-12, being assigned to a non-proton-coupled 1e- redox process of RuIIOH/RuIIIOH. The MPSCCS measurement of the RuOH/meso-ITO electrode between 0.2 and 1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl showed that RuIV species (tentatively RuIVO) exist in a steady state of the electrocatalysis in the initial stage. This suggests that the electrochemical oxidation from RuIVO to RuVO could compete with the water nucleophilic attack for O-O bond formation involved in the rate-determining step under the employed conditions. The possibility that the water nucleophilic attack on RuIVO could also compete with the electrochemical oxidation of RuIVO to RuVO was suggested by the electrocatalytic water oxidation at a low applied potential of 1.4 V prior to the formation potential of RuVO. The MPSCCS measurement at 1.4 V for 1 h showed that RuOH is gradually transformed into an alternative catalyst (most likely RuOx nanoparticles) on the electrode. The MPSCCS technique is promising to reveal the redox reactions and catalytic aspects of molecular catalysts immobilized on an electrode for water oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsubonouchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Junichiro Honta
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Taisei Sato
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Eman A Mohamed
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Zaki N Zahran
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Kenji Saito
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Tatsuto Yui
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Yagi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-2, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shen J, Zhang X, Cheng M, Jiang J, Wang M. Electrochemical Water Oxidation Catalyzed by N
4
‐Coordinate Copper Complexes with Different Backbones: Insight into the Structure‐Activity Relationship of Copper Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Material EngineeringChangshu Institute of Technology Changshu 215500 P. R. China
| | - Xiongfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Minglun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pi WH, Li QJ, Wu M, Zhou XL, Wei JN, Zhu XH, Zhang HX. Dicopper( ii) tetrapyridyl complexes incorporated with ancillary ligands for effective water oxidation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00624f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Water oxidation catalysis of dicopper(ii) tetrapyridyl complexes under alkaline conditions was improved by diamine ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Pi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Qi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Jia-Ni Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Xian-Hong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
| | - Hua-Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning
- China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development
| |
Collapse
|