1
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Ito K, Tayama T, Uemura S, Iizuka R. Isolation of novel fluorogenic RNA aptamers via in vitro compartmentalization using microbead-display libraries. Talanta 2024; 278:126488. [PMID: 38955098 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Fluorogenic RNA aptamers, which specifically bind to fluorogens and dramatically enhance their fluorescence, are valuable for imaging and detecting RNAs and metabolites in living cells. Most fluorogenic RNA aptamers have been identified and engineered through iterative rounds of in vitro selection based on their binding to target fluorogens. While such selection is an efficient approach for generating RNA aptamers, it is less efficient for isolating fluorogenic aptamers because it does not directly screen for fluorogenic properties. In this study, we combined a fluorescence-based in vitro selection technique using water-in-oil microdroplets with an affinity-based selection technique to obtain fluorogenic RNA aptamers. This approach allowed us to identify novel fluorogenic aptamers for a biotin-modified thiazole orange derivative. Our results demonstrate that our approach can expand the diversity of fluorogenic RNA aptamers, thus leading to new applications for the imaging and detection of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Tayama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan.
| | - Ryo Iizuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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2
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Huang K, Song Q, Fang M, Yao D, Shen X, Xu X, Chen X, Zhu L, Yang Y, Ren A. Structural basis of a small monomeric Clivia fluorogenic RNA with a large Stokes shift. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01633-1. [PMID: 38816645 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
RNA-based fluorogenic modules have revolutionized the spatiotemporal localization of RNA molecules. Recently, a fluorophore named 5-((Z)-4-((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)benzylidene)-3-methyl-2-((E)-styryl)-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-one (NBSI), emitting in red spectrum, and its cognate aptamer named Clivia were identified, exhibiting a large Stokes shift. To explore the underlying molecular basis of this unique RNA-fluorophore complex, we determined the tertiary structure of Clivia-NBSI. The overall structure uses a monomeric, non-G-quadruplex compact coaxial architecture, with NBSI sandwiched at the core junction. Structure-based fluorophore recognition pattern analysis, combined with fluorescence assays, enables the orthogonal use of Clivia-NBSI and other fluorogenic aptamers, paving the way for both dual-emission fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging of RNA molecules within living cells. Furthermore, on the basis of the structure-based substitution assay, we developed a multivalent Clivia fluorogenic aptamer containing multiple minimal NBSI-binding modules. This innovative design notably enhances the recognition sensitivity of fluorophores both in vitro and in vivo, shedding light on future efficient applications in various biomedical and research contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyue Fang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Deqiang Yao
- Institute of Aging and Tissue Regeneration, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aiming Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Guo S, Jin X, Zhang D, Zhou H, Yu C, Huang J, Zhang Z, Su J. Exploring Efficient Dual-Phase Emissive Fluorophores with High Mobility by Integrating a Rigid Donor and Flexible Acceptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10407-10416. [PMID: 38365193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Developing luminogens with a high emission efficiency in both single-molecule and aggregate states, as well as high mobility, shows promise for advancing the iteration and update of organic optoelectronic materials. However, achieving a delicate balance between the plane configuration of luminophores and the strong exciton interactions of aggregates is a formidable task from the molecular design perspective. This dilemma was overcome by integrating a rigid donor and flexible acceptor to establish donor-acceptor (D-A) type emitters. The π-conjugate-extended donor ensures the substantial planarity of these molecules, allowing strong emission in solution with photoluminescence quantum yield values of 86% and 75%. Furthermore, the restricted molecular motion of the aggregation-induced emission moiety and the formation of J-aggregates reduce the quenching effect, leading to a high emissive efficiency of 85% and 91% in the aggregate state. The mildly distorted D-A geometry builds moderate electrostatic interaction, resulting in high mobility with μM,h of 7.12 × 10-5 and 3.27 × 10-4 cm2/V s. Additionally, an improved synthesized procedure for terminal E-configured acrylonitrile with metal-free and concise reaction conditions is presented. The successful application of the synthesized compounds in organic light-emitting diode devices demonstrates the practicability of the molecular design strategy with connecting a rigid donor and flexible acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Daheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Chao Yu
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jinhai Huang
- Shanghai Taoe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Su
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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4
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P Neme N, Jansen TLC, Havenith RWA. Cyclopentene ring effects in cyanine dyes: a handle to fine-tune photophysical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6235-6241. [PMID: 38305348 PMCID: PMC10866127 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05219b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the photophysical properties of a cyanine dye analogue by performing first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT. Cationic cyanine dyes are the subject of great importance due to their versatile applications and the tunability of their photophysical properties, such as by modifying their end groups and chain length. An example of this is the vinylene shift, which is experimentally known for these molecules, and it consists of a bathochromic (red) shift of approximately 100 nm of the 0-0 vibronic transition when a vinyl group is added to the polymethine chain. Our study shows that when the saturated moiety C2H4 of the cyclopentene ring is added to the chain, it interacts with the conjugated π-system, resulting in a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap. Here, we demonstrate the origin of this interaction and how it can be used to fine tune the absorption energies of this class of dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália P Neme
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Gent B-9000, Belgium
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5
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Jiang L, Xie X, Su N, Zhang D, Chen X, Xu X, Zhang B, Huang K, Yu J, Fang M, Bao B, Zuo F, Yang L, Zhang R, Li H, Huang X, Chen Z, Zeng Q, Liu R, Lin Q, Zhao Y, Ren A, Zhu L, Yang Y. Large Stokes shift fluorescent RNAs for dual-emission fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging in live cells. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1563-1572. [PMID: 37723244 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-01997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent RNAs, aptamers that bind and activate small fluorogenic dyes, have provided a particularly attractive approach to visualizing RNAs in live cells. However, the simultaneous imaging of multiple RNAs remains challenging due to a lack of bright and stable fluorescent RNAs with bio-orthogonality and suitable spectral properties. Here, we develop the Clivias, a series of small, monomeric and stable orange-to-red fluorescent RNAs with large Stokes shifts of up to 108 nm, enabling the simple and robust imaging of RNA with minimal perturbation of the target RNA's localization and functionality. In combination with Pepper fluorescent RNAs, the Clivias enable the single-excitation two-emission dual-color imaging of cellular RNAs and genomic loci. Clivias can also be used to detect RNA-protein interactions by bioluminescent imaging both in live cells and in vivo. We believe that these large Stokes shift fluorescent RNAs will be useful tools for the tracking and quantification of multiple RNAs in diverse biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Su
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dasheng Zhang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Fluorescence Diagnosis (Shanghai) Biotech Company Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bibi Zhang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyi Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Yu
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyue Fang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingkun Bao
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangting Zuo
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lipeng Yang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Li
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Huang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengda Chen
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmei Zeng
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renmei Liu
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuning Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiming Ren
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Chen Z, Chen W, Reheman Z, Jiang H, Wu J, Li X. Genetically encoded RNA-based sensors with Pepper fluorogenic aptamer. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8322-8336. [PMID: 37486780 PMCID: PMC10484673 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensors to measure the abundance and signaling of intracellular molecules are crucial for understanding their physiological functions. Although conventional fluorescent protein-based sensors have been designed, RNA-based sensors are promising imaging tools. Numerous RNA-based sensors have been developed. These sensors typically contain RNA G-quadruplex (RG4) motifs and thus may be suboptimal in living cells. Here we describe RNA-based sensors based on Pepper, a fluorogenic RNA without an RG4 motif. With Pepper, we engineered various sensors for metabolites, synthetic compounds, proteins and metal ions in vitro and in living cells. In addition, these sensors show high activation and selectivity, demonstrating their universality and robustness. In the case of sensors responding to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a metabolite produced by methionine adenosyltransferase (MATase), we showed that our sensors exhibited positively correlated fluorescence responding to different SAM levels. Importantly, we revealed the SAM biosynthesis pathway and monitored MATase activity and gene expression spatiotemporally in living individual human cells. Additionally, we constructed a ratiometric SAM sensor to determine the inhibition efficacy of a MATase inhibitor in living cells. Together, these sensors comprising Pepper provide a useful platform for imaging diverse cellular targets and their signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyin Chen
- Beijing Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Inflammation and Clinical Allergology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Hengyang Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhayila Reheman
- Beijing Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Haodong Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Beijing Institute of Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Inflammation and Clinical Allergology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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7
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Fam KT, Pelletier R, Bouhedda F, Ryckelynck M, Collot M, Klymchenko AS. Rational Design of Self-Quenched Rhodamine Dimers as Fluorogenic Aptamer Probes for Live-Cell RNA Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6657-6664. [PMID: 35486532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With the growing interest in the understanding of the importance of RNAs in health and disease, detection of RNAs in living cells is of high importance. Fluorogenic dyes that light up specifically selected RNA aptamers constitute an attractive direction in the design of RNA imaging probes. In this work, based on our recently proposed concept of a fluorogenic dimer, we aim to develop a robust molecular tool for intracellular RNA imaging. We rationally designed a fluorogenic self-quenched dimer (orange Gemini, o-Gemini) based on rhodamine and evaluated its capacity to light up its cognate aptamer o-Coral in solution and live cells. We found that the removal of biotin from the dimer slightly improved the fluorogenic response without losing the affinity to the cognate aptamer (o-Coral). On the other hand, replacing sulforhodamine with a carboxyrhodamine produced drastic improvement of the affinity and the turn-on response to o-Coral and, thus, a better limit of detection. In live cells expressing o-Coral-tagged RNAs, the carboxyrhodamine analogue of o-Gemini without a biotin unit displayed a higher signal as well as faster internalization into the cells. We suppose that less hydrophilic carboxyrhodamine compared to sulforhodamine can more readily penetrate through the cell plasma membrane and, together with its higher affinity to o-Coral, provide the observed improvement in the imaging experiments. The promiscuity of the o-Coral RNA aptamer to the fluorogenic dimer allowed us to tune a fluorogen chemical structure and thus drastically improve the fluorescence response of the probe to o-Coral-tagged RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Tkhe Fam
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Rémi Pelletier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Farah Bouhedda
- CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michael Ryckelynck
- CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
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8
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Zhang Y, Zhou W, Xu N, Wang G, Li J, An K, Jiang W, Zhou X, Qiao Q, Jiang X, Xu Z. Aniline as a TICT rotor to derive methine fluorogens for biomolecules: A curcuminoid-BF2 compound for lighting up HSA/BSA. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Liu X, Wang T, Wu Y, Tan Y, Jiang T, Li K, Lou B, Chen L, Liu Y, Liu Z. Aptamer based probes for living cell intracellular molecules detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 208:114231. [PMID: 35390719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors have been employed for monitoring and imaging biological events and molecules. Sensitive detection of different biomolecules in vivo can reflect the changes of physiological conditions in real-time, which is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The detection of intracellular molecules concentration change can indicate the occurrence and development of disease. But the analysis process of the existing detection methods, such as Western blot detection of intracellular protein, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique quantitative analysis of intracellular RNA and DNA, usually need to extract the cell lysis which is complex and time-consuming. Fluorescence bioimaging enables in situ monitoring of intracellular molecules in living cells. By combining the specificity of aptamer for intracellular molecules binding, and biocompatibility of fluorescent materials and nanomaterials, biosensors with different nanostructures have been developed to enter into living cells for analysis. This review summarizes the fluorescence detection methods based on aptamer for intracellular molecules detection. The principles, limit of detection, advantages, and disadvantages of different platforms for intracellular molecular fluorescent response are summarized and reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and future developments were discussed and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yifu Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Beibei Lou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Zhenbao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China; Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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10
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Fluorogenic RNA aptamers to probe transcription initiation and co-transcriptional RNA folding by multi-subunit RNA polymerases. Methods Enzymol 2022; 675:207-233. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Citartan M. The dynamicity of light-up aptamers in one-pot in vitro diagnostic assays. Analyst 2021; 147:10-21. [PMID: 34860215 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01690c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Light-up aptamers are aptamers that ignite the fluorescence emission of certain dyes upon binding. Widely harnessed in in vivo imaging, the binding capacity of the light-up aptamers can also be deployed in in vitro diagnostic assays, engendering a mix-and-read format. Intrigued by this, I intend to provide an overview of the various formats of diagnostic assays developed using light-up aptamers from the direct modulation of the light-up aptamers, split aptamer-based configuration, strand displacement, in vitro transcription-based one-pot diagnostic assay, CRISPR-Cas system to the measurement of the ion reliance. The incorporation of the light-up aptamers into each configuration is expounded and further supported by describing the exemplary assays developed thus far. It is anticipated that the present study can be enlightening to any researchers who aspire to embark on the development of one-pot in vitro diagnostic assays based on light-up aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marimuthu Citartan
- Advanced Medical & Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
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12
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Christopher JA, Geladaki A, Dawson CS, Vennard OL, Lilley KS. SUBCELLULAR TRANSCRIPTOMICS & PROTEOMICS: A COMPARATIVE METHODS REVIEW. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 21:100186. [PMID: 34922010 PMCID: PMC8864473 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal environment of cells is molecularly crowded, which requires spatial organization via subcellular compartmentalization. These compartments harbor specific conditions for molecules to perform their biological functions, such as coordination of the cell cycle, cell survival, and growth. This compartmentalization is also not static, with molecules trafficking between these subcellular neighborhoods to carry out their functions. For example, some biomolecules are multifunctional, requiring an environment with differing conditions or interacting partners, and others traffic to export such molecules. Aberrant localization of proteins or RNA species has been linked to many pathological conditions, such as neurological, cancer, and pulmonary diseases. Differential expression studies in transcriptomics and proteomics are relatively common, but the majority have overlooked the importance of subcellular information. In addition, subcellular transcriptomics and proteomics data do not always colocate because of the biochemical processes that occur during and after translation, highlighting the complementary nature of these fields. In this review, we discuss and directly compare the current methods in spatial proteomics and transcriptomics, which include sequencing- and imaging-based strategies, to give the reader an overview of the current tools available. We also discuss current limitations of these strategies as well as future developments in the field of spatial -omics. Subcellular information of protein and RNA give insights into molecular function. This review discusses strategies available to measure subcellular information. Hybridization of methods shows promise for exploring the composition of organelles. Advances are aiding understanding of the organisation and dynamics of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie A Christopher
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK; Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Aikaterini Geladaki
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK; Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, 20 Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Charlotte S Dawson
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK; Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Owen L Vennard
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK; Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Kathryn S Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK; Milner Therapeutics Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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13
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Huang K, Chen X, Li C, Song Q, Li H, Zhu L, Yang Y, Ren A. Structure-based investigation of fluorogenic Pepper aptamer. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:1289-1295. [PMID: 34725509 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00884-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pepper fluorescent RNAs are a recently reported bright, stable and multicolor fluorogenic aptamer tag that enable imaging of diverse RNAs in live cells. To investigate the molecular basis of the superior properties of Pepper, we determined the structures of complexes of Pepper aptamer bound with its cognate HBC or HBC-like fluorophores at high resolution by X-ray crystallography. The Pepper aptamer folds in a monomeric non-G-quadruplex tuning-fork-like architecture composed of a helix and one protruded junction region. The near-planar fluorophore molecule intercalates in the middle of the structure and is sandwiched between one non-G-quadruplex base quadruple and one noncanonical G·U wobble helical base pair. In addition, structure-based mutational analysis is evaluated by in vitro and live-cell fluorogenic detection. Taken together, our research provides a structural basis for demystifying the fluorescence activation mechanism of Pepper aptamer and for further improvement of its future application in RNA visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Li
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics & Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aiming Ren
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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14
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhuang X, Wang H, He K, Xu W, Kang Y, Chen S, Zeng S, Qian L. Real-time imaging of cell-surface proteins with antibody-based fluorogenic probes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13477-13482. [PMID: 34777767 PMCID: PMC8528012 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface proteins, working as key agents in various diseases, are the targets for around 66% of approved human drugs. A general strategy to selectively detect these proteins in a real-time manner is expected to facilitate the development of new drugs and medical diagnoses. Although brilliant successes were attained using small-molecule probes, they could cover a narrow range of targets due to the lack of suitable ligands and some of them suffer from selectivity issues. We report herein an antibody-based fluorogenic probe prepared via a two-step chemical modification under physiological conditions, to fulfill the selective recognition and wash-free imaging of membrane proteins, establishing a modular strategy with broad implications for biochemical research and for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Xinlei Zhuang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Haoting Wang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Kaifeng He
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Wanting Xu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Yu Kang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310018 China
| | - Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310018 China
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15
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Chen J, Li N, Wang X, Chen J, Zhang JZH, Zhu T. Molecular mechanism related to the binding of fluorophores to Mango-II revealed by multiple-replica molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10636-10649. [PMID: 33904542 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06438f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, RNA aptamers activating small-molecule fluorophores have been successfully applied to tag and track RNAs in vivo. It is of significance to investigate the molecular mechanism of the fluorophore-RNA aptamer bindings at the atomic level to seek a possible pathway to enhance the fluorescence efficiency of fluorophores. In this work, multiple replica molecular dynamics (MRMD) simulations, essential dynamics (ED) analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis were coupled to probe the effect of A22U mutation on the binding of two fluorophores, TO1-Biotin (TO1) and TO3-Biotin (TO3), to the Mango-II RNA aptamer (Mango-II). ED analysis reveals that A22U induces alterations in the binding pocket and sites of TO1 and TO3 to the Mango-II, which in turn tunes the fluorophore-RNA interface and changes the interactions of TO1 and TO3 with separate nucleotides of Mango-II. Dynamics analyses also uncover that A22U exerts the opposite impact on the molecular surface areas of the Mango-II and sugar puckers of nucleotides 22 and 23 in Mango-II complexed with TO1 and TO3. Moreover, the calculations of binding free energies suggest that A22U strengthens the binding ability of TO1 to the mutated Mango-II but weakens TO3 to the mutated Mango-II when compared with WT. These findings imply that point mutation in nucleotides possibly tune the fluorescence of fluorophores binding to RNA aptamers, providing a possible scheme to enhance the fluorescence of fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiao Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. and School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingyu Wang
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan 250357, People's Republic of China.
| | - John Z H Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. and NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics & New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. and NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China and Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
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16
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Fluorescent functional nucleic acid: Principles, properties and applications in bioanalyzing. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Yu H, Alkhamis O, Canoura J, Liu Y, Xiao Y. Advances and Challenges in Small‐Molecule DNA Aptamer Isolation, Characterization, and Sensor Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Obtin Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Juan Canoura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Yingzhu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street Miami FL 33199 USA
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18
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Yu H, Alkhamis O, Canoura J, Liu Y, Xiao Y. Advances and Challenges in Small-Molecule DNA Aptamer Isolation, Characterization, and Sensor Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16800-16823. [PMID: 33559947 PMCID: PMC8292151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are short oligonucleotides isolated in vitro from randomized libraries that can bind to specific molecules with high affinity, and offer a number of advantages relative to antibodies as biorecognition elements in biosensors. However, it remains difficult and labor-intensive to develop aptamer-based sensors for small-molecule detection. Here, we review the challenges and advances in the isolation and characterization of small-molecule-binding DNA aptamers and their use in sensors. First, we discuss in vitro methodologies for the isolation of aptamers, and provide guidance on selecting the appropriate strategy for generating aptamers with optimal binding properties for a given application. We next examine techniques for characterizing aptamer-target binding and structure. Afterwards, we discuss various small-molecule sensing platforms based on original or engineered aptamers, and their detection applications. Finally, we conclude with a general workflow to develop aptamer-based small-molecule sensors for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Obtin Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Juan Canoura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yingzhu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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19
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Takada T, Nishida K, Honda Y, Nakano A, Nakamura M, Fan S, Kawai K, Fujitsuka M, Yamana K. Stacked Thiazole Orange Dyes in DNA Capable of Switching Emissive Behavior in Response to Structural Transitions. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2729-2735. [PMID: 34191388 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional nucleic acids with the capability of generating fluorescence in response to hybridization events, microenvironment or structural changes are valuable as structural probes and chemical sensors. We now demonstrate the enzyme-assisted preparation of nucleic acids possessing multiple thiazole orange (TO) dyes and their fluorescent behavior, that show a spectral change from the typical monomer emission to the excimer-type red-shifted emission. We found that the fluorescent response and emission wavelength of the TO dyes were dependent on both the state of the DNA structure (single- or double-stranded DNA) and the arrangement of the TO dyes. We showed that the fluorescent behavior of the TO dyes can be applied for the detection of RNA molecules, suggesting that our approach for preparing the fluorescent nucleic acids functionalized with multiple TO dyes could be useful to design a fluorescence bioimaging and detection technique of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Takada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Koma Nishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Yurika Honda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Aoi Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Mitsunobu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Shuya Fan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Mamoru Fujitsuka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazushige Yamana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
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20
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Yu Q, Ren K, You M. Genetically encoded RNA nanodevices for cellular imaging and regulation. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7988-8003. [PMID: 33885099 PMCID: PMC8122502 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based nanodevices have been widely used in the fields of biosensing and nanomedicine. Traditionally, the majority of these nanodevices were first constructed in vitro using synthetic DNA or RNA oligonucleotides and then delivered into cells. Nowadays, the emergence of genetically encoded RNA nanodevices has provided a promising alternative approach for intracellular analysis and regulation. These genetically encoded RNA-based nanodevices can be directly transcribed and continuously produced inside living cells. A variety of highly precise and programmable nanodevices have been constructed in this way during the last decade. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in the design and function of these artificial genetically encoded RNA nanodevices. In particular, we will focus on their applications in regulating cellular gene expression, imaging, logic operation, structural biology, and optogenetics. We believe these versatile RNA-based nanodevices will be broadly used in the near future to probe and program cells and other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
| | - Mingxu You
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Technologies for RNA imaging in live cells play an important role in understanding the function and regulatory process of RNAs. One approach for genetically encoded fluorescent RNA imaging involves fluorescent light-up aptamers (FLAPs), which are short RNA sequences that can bind cognate fluorogens and activate their fluorescence greatly. Over the past few years, FLAPs have emerged as genetically encoded RNA-based fluorescent biosensors for the cellular imaging and detection of various targets of interest. In this review, we first give a brief overview of the development of the current FLAPs based on various fluorogens. Then we further discuss on the photocycles of the reversibly photoswitching properties in FLAPs and their photostability. Finally, we focus on the applications of FLAPs as genetically encoded RNA-based fluorescent biosensors in biosensing and bioimaging, including RNA, non-nucleic acid molecules, metal ions imaging and quantitative imaging. Their design strategies and recent cellular applications are emphasized and summarized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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22
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Saha PC, Bera T, Chatterjee T, Samanta J, Sengupta A, Bhattacharyya M, Guha S. Supramolecular Dipeptide-Based Near-Infrared Fluorescent Nanotubes for Cellular Mitochondria Targeted Imaging and Early Apoptosis. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:833-841. [PMID: 33826302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have designed and synthesized unsymmetrical visible Cy-3 and near-infrared (NIR) Cy-5 chromophores anchoring mitochondria targeting functional group conjugated with a Phe-Phe dipeptide by a microwave-assisted Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis method on Wang resin. These dipeptide-based Cy-3-TPP/FF as well as Cy-5-TPP/FF molecules self-assemble to form fluorescent nanotubes in solution, and it has been confirmed by TEM, SEM, and AFM. The Cy-3-TPP/FF and Cy-5-TPP/FF molecules in solution exhibit narrow excitation as well as emission bands in the visible and NIR region, respectively. These lipophilic cationic fluorescent peptide molecules spontaneously and selectively accumulate inside the mitochondria of human carcinoma cells that have been experimentally validated by live cell confocal laser scanning microscopy and display a high Pearson's correlation coefficient in a colocalization assay. Live cell multicolor confocal imaging using the NIR Cy-5-TPP/FF in combination with other organelle specific dye is also accomplished. Moreover, these lipophilic dipeptide-based cationic molecules reach the critical aggregation concentration inside the mitochondria because of the extremely negative inner mitochondrial membrane potential [(ΔΨm)cancer ≈ -220 mV] and form supramolecular nanotubes which are accountable for malignant mitochondria targeted early apoptosis. The early apoptosis is arrested using Cy-5-TPP/FF and confirmed by annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Chandra Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapas Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tanima Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Jayeeta Samanta
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Maitree Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Samit Guha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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23
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Kamimura A, Umemoto H, Kawamoto T, Honda T. Development of Water Solubility of 2-Phenylsulfanylhydroquinone Dimer Dye. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9254-9262. [PMID: 33842794 PMCID: PMC8028172 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of developing a new fluorescence dye with enhanced photophysical properties, this study describes the modification of the 2-phenylsulfanylhydroquinone dimer to realize a new bioimaging molecule. The characteristics of the dimer were advanced by introducing tetraethylene glycol side chains to provide sufficient water solubility and a tether consisting of an N-hydroxysuccinimide-terminated C6-carbon chain to attach bioactive molecules. Two derivatives containing two or three tetraethylene glycol side chains were designed and prepared, and the latter showed sufficient water solubility for biochemical applications. Both compounds exhibited similar photophysical properties and blue fluorescence under UV light irradiation. The dye containing three tetraethylene glycol units reacted with bovine serum albumin in water to give fluorescent derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kamimura
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Haruka Umemoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Honda
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi
University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
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24
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Ryckelynck M. Development and Applications of Fluorogen/Light-Up RNA Aptamer Pairs for RNA Detection and More. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2166:73-102. [PMID: 32710404 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0712-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The central role of RNA in living systems made it highly desirable to have noninvasive and sensitive technologies allowing for imaging the synthesis and the location of these molecules in living cells. This need motivated the development of small pro-fluorescent molecules called "fluorogens" that become fluorescent upon binding to genetically encodable RNAs called "light-up aptamers." Yet, the development of these fluorogen/light-up RNA pairs is a long and thorough process starting with the careful design of the fluorogen and pursued by the selection of a specific and efficient synthetic aptamer. This chapter summarizes the main design and the selection strategies used up to now prior to introducing the main pairs. Then, the vast application potential of these molecules for live-cell RNA imaging and other applications is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ryckelynck
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Strasbourg, France.
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25
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Connelly RP, Madalozzo PF, Mordeson JE, Pratt AD, Gerasimova YV. Promiscuous dye binding by a light-up aptamer: application for label-free multi-wavelength biosensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3672-3675. [PMID: 33725073 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00594d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Light-up DNA aptamers are promising label-free signal-transducers for biosensing applications due to their high chemical stability and low synthetic cost. Herein, we demonstrate that a dapoxyl DNA aptamer DAP-10-42 can be converted into a sensor generating a fluorescence signal at different wavelengths in the range of 500-660 nm depending on the dye that is present. This results from the discovered promiscuity of DAP-10-42 in binding fluorogenic dyes including arylmethane dyes. We have designed a split DAP-10-42 aptasensor for the detection of a katG gene fragment from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a point mutation causing isoniazid resistance. Efficient interrogation of the gene fragment after nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) is achieved directly in a protein-containing NASBA sample. This report lays a foundation for the application of the DAP-10-42 aptamer as a versatile sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Connelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Dr, PSB 255, Orlando, Fl 32816, USA.
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26
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Swetha P, Fan Z, Wang F, Jiang JH. Genetically encoded light-up RNA aptamers and their applications for imaging and biosensing. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3382-3392. [PMID: 31984401 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular small ligands and biomacromolecules are playing crucial roles not only as executors but also as regulators. It is essential to develop tools to investigate their dynamics to interrogate their functions and reflect the cellular status. Light-up RNA aptamers are RNA sequences that can bind with their cognate nonfluorescent fluorogens and greatly activate their fluorescence. The emergence of genetically encoded light-up RNA aptamers has provided fascinating tools for studying intracellular small ligands and biomacromolecules owing to their high fluorescence activation degree and facile programmability. Here we review the burgeoning field of light-up RNA aptamers. We first briefly introduce light-up RNA aptamers with a focus on the photophysical properties of the fluorogens. Then design strategies of genetically encoded light-up RNA aptamer based sensors including turn-on, signal amplification and ratiometric rationales are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puchakayala Swetha
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hu-nan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.
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27
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Kolpashchikov DM, Spelkov AA. Binary (Split) Light‐up Aptameric Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M. Kolpashchikov
- Chemistry Department University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2366 USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA
| | - Alexander A. Spelkov
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies ITMO University 9 Lomonosova Str. St. Petersburg 191002 Russian Federation
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Sokolov AI, Myasnyanko IN, Baleeva NS, Baranov MS. Styrene Derivatives of Indole and Pyranone as Fluorogenic Substrates for FAST Protein. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021010234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Riboswitch-Mediated Detection of Metabolite Fluctuations During Live Cell Imaging of Bacteria. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2323:153-170. [PMID: 34086280 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1499-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Riboswitches are a class of noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in response to changes in intracellular metabolite concentrations. When riboswitches are placed upstream of genetic reporters, the degree of reporter activity reflects the relative abundance of the metabolite that is sensed by the riboswitch. This method describes how reporters for live cell imaging, such as yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), can be placed under genetic control by metabolite-sensing riboswitches in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Specifically, a protocol for generating a fluorescent YFP reporter, based on a c-di-GMP responsive riboswitch, is outlined below.
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Al Mazid MF, Shkel O, Kharkivska Y, Lee JS. Application of fluorescent turn-on aptamers in RNA studies. Mol Omics 2021; 17:483-491. [PMID: 34137415 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA is an intermediate player between DNA transcription and protein translation. RNAs also interact with other macromolecules and metabolites and regulate their fate. The emerging number of RNA identifications expanded new areas of study to determine their applicability and functional analysis. Recently, extensive research has been focused on visualizing RNA in living biological samples and a method has been developed by the evolution of specific fluorophore-binding aptamers through the Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) method. Several promising fluorescent turn-on aptamers are currently available, and they can detect RNA-RNA, RNA-protein, ligand binding, small molecule, and metabolite interactions in vitro and under live-cell conditions. Here we review the currently available fluorescent turn-on aptamers and discuss their applicability for analyzing the fate of targeted RNAs in in vitro and in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olha Shkel
- Bio-Med Program KIST-School UST, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Fujimoto K, Watanabe N. Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization of 16S rRNA in
Escherichia coli
Using Multiple Photo‐Cross‐Linkable Probes. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Fujimoto
- School of Advanced Science and Technology Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Asahidai 1–1, Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292 Japan
| | - Nanami Watanabe
- School of Advanced Science and Technology Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Asahidai 1–1, Nomi Ishikawa 923-1292 Japan
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32
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Li Y, Zhou Y, Yue X, Dai Z. Cyanine Conjugate-Based Biomedical Imaging Probes. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2001327. [PMID: 33000915 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyanine is a class of fluorescent dye with meritorious fluorescence properties and has motivated numerous researchers to explore its imaging capabilities by miscellaneous structural modification and functionalization strategies. The covalent conjugation with other functional molecules represents a distinctive design strategy and has shown immense potential in both basic and clinical research. This review article summarizes recent achievements in cyanine conjugate-based probes for biomedical imaging. Particular attention is paid to the conjugation with targeting warheads and other contrast agents for targeted fluorescence imaging and multimodal imaging, respectively. Additionally, their clinical potential in cancer diagnostics is highlighted and some concurrent impediments for clinical translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiuli Yue
- School of Environment Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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33
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Kolpashchikov DM, Spelkov AA. Binary (Split) Light-up Aptameric Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4988-4999. [PMID: 32208549 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This Minireview discusses the design and applications of binary (also known as split) light-up aptameric sensors (BLAS). BLAS consist of two RNA or DNA strands and a fluorogenic organic dye added as a buffer component. When associated, the two strands form a dye-binding site, followed by an increase in fluorescence of the aptamer-bound dye. The design is cost-efficient because it uses short oligonucleotides and does not require conjugation of organic dyes with nucleic acids. In some applications, BLAS design is preferable over monolithic sensors because of simpler assay optimization and improved selectivity. RNA-based BLAS can be expressed in cells and used for the intracellular monitoring of biological molecules. BLAS have been used as reporters of nucleic acid association events in RNA nanotechnology and nucleic-acid-based molecular computation. Other applications of BLAS include the detection of nucleic acids, proteins, and cancer cells, and potentially they can be tailored to report a broad range of biological analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Kolpashchikov
- Chemistry Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2366, USA.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Alexander A Spelkov
- Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Str., St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
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Micura R, Höbartner C. Fundamental studies of functional nucleic acids: aptamers, riboswitches, ribozymes and DNAzymes. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7331-7353. [PMID: 32944725 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00617c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review aims at juxtaposing common versus distinct structural and functional strategies that are applied by aptamers, riboswitches, and ribozymes/DNAzymes. Focusing on recently discovered systems, we begin our analysis with small-molecule binding aptamers, with emphasis on in vitro-selected fluorogenic RNA aptamers and their different modes of ligand binding and fluorescence activation. Fundamental insights are much needed to advance RNA imaging probes for detection of exo- and endogenous RNA and for RNA process tracking. Secondly, we discuss the latest gene expression-regulating mRNA riboswitches that respond to the alarmone ppGpp, to PRPP, to NAD+, to adenosine and cytidine diphosphates, and to precursors of thiamine biosynthesis (HMP-PP), and we outline new subclasses of SAM and tetrahydrofolate-binding RNA regulators. Many riboswitches bind protein enzyme cofactors that, in principle, can catalyse a chemical reaction. For RNA, however, only one system (glmS ribozyme) has been identified in Nature thus far that utilizes a small molecule - glucosamine-6-phosphate - to participate directly in reaction catalysis (phosphodiester cleavage). We wonder why that is the case and what is to be done to reveal such likely existing cellular activities that could be more diverse than currently imagined. Thirdly, this brings us to the four latest small nucleolytic ribozymes termed twister, twister-sister, pistol, and hatchet as well as to in vitro selected DNA and RNA enzymes that promote new chemistry, mainly by exploiting their ability for RNA labelling and nucleoside modification recognition. Enormous progress in understanding the strategies of nucleic acids catalysts has been made by providing thorough structural fundaments (e.g. first structure of a DNAzyme, structures of ribozyme transition state mimics) in combination with functional assays and atomic mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Micura
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck CMBI, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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35
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Gammon ST, Liu TW, Piwnica-Worms D. Interrogating Cellular Communication in Cancer with Genetically Encoded Imaging Reporters. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2020; 2:e190053. [PMID: 32803164 PMCID: PMC7398120 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.2020190053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells continuously communicate changes in their microenvironment, both locally and globally, with other cells in the organism. Integration of information arising from signaling networks impart continuous, time-dependent changes of cell function and phenotype. Use of genetically encoded reporters enable researchers to noninvasively monitor time-dependent changes in intercellular and intracellular signaling, which can be interrogated by macroscopic and microscopic optical imaging, nuclear medicine imaging, MRI, and even photoacoustic imaging techniques. Reporters enable noninvasive monitoring of changes in cell-to-cell proximity, transcription, translation, protein folding, protein association, protein degradation, drug action, and second messengers in real time. Because of their positive impact on preclinical research, attempts to improve the sensitivity and specificity of these reporters, and to develop new types and classes of reporters, remain an active area of investigation. A few reporters have migrated to proof-of-principle clinical demonstrations, and recent advances in genome editing technologies may enable the use of reporters in the context of genome-wide analysis and the imaging of complex genomic regulation in vivo that cannot be readily investigated through standard methodologies. The combination of genetically encoded imaging reporters with continuous improvements in other molecular biology techniques may enhance and expedite target discovery and drug development for cancer interventions and treatment. © RSNA, 2020.
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37
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Liang Y, Miao S, Mao J, DeSantis C, Bong D. Context-Sensitive Cleavage of Folded DNAs by Loop-Targeting bPNAs. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2410-2418. [PMID: 32519542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate context-dependent molecular recognition of DNA by synthetic bPNA iron and copper complexes, using oxidative backbone cleavage as a chemical readout for binding. Oligoethylenimine bPNAs displaying iron·EDTA or copper·phenanthroline sites were found to be efficient chemical nucleases for designed and native structured DNAs with T-rich single-stranded domains. Cleavage reactivity depends strongly on structural context, as strikingly demonstrated with DNA substrates of the form (GGGTTA)n. This repeat sequence from the human telomere is known to switch between parallel and antiparallel G-quadruplex (G4) topologies with a change from potassium to sodium buffer: notably, bPNA-copper complexes efficiently cleave long repeat sequences into ∼22-nucleotide portions in sodium, but not potassium, buffer. We hypothesize preferential cleavage of the antiparallel topology (Na+) over the parallel topology (K+) due to the greater accessibility of the TTA loop to bPNA in the antiparallel (Na+) form. Similar ion-sensitive telomere shortening upon treatment with bPNA nucleases can be observed in both isolated and intracellular DNA from PC3 cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Live cell treatment was accompanied by accelerated cellular senescence, as expected for significant telomere shortening. Taken together, the loop-targeting approach of bPNA chemical nucleases complements prior intercalation strategies targeting duplex and quadruplex DNA. Structurally sensitive loop targeting enables discrimination between similar target sequences, thus expanding bPNA targeting beyond simple oligo-T sequences. In addition, bPNA nucleases are cell membrane permeable and therefore may be used to target native intracellular substrates. In addition, these data indicate that bPNA scaffolds can be a platform for new synthetic binders to particular nucleic acid structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Liang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shiqin Miao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jie Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chris DeSantis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dennis Bong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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38
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Steinmetzger C, Bessi I, Lenz AK, Höbartner C. Structure-fluorescence activation relationships of a large Stokes shift fluorogenic RNA aptamer. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:11538-11550. [PMID: 31740962 PMCID: PMC7145527 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chili RNA aptamer is a 52 nt long fluorogen-activating RNA aptamer (FLAP) that confers fluorescence to structurally diverse derivatives of fluorescent protein chromophores. A key feature of Chili is the formation of highly stable complexes with different ligands, which exhibit bright, highly Stokes-shifted fluorescence emission. In this work, we have analyzed the interactions between the Chili RNA and a family of conditionally fluorescent ligands using a variety of spectroscopic, calorimetric and biochemical techniques to reveal key structure–fluorescence activation relationships (SFARs). The ligands under investigation form two categories with emission maxima of ∼540 or ∼590 nm, respectively, and bind with affinities in the nanomolar to low-micromolar range. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to elucidate the enthalpic and entropic contributions to binding affinity for a cationic ligand that is unique to the Chili aptamer. In addition to fluorescence activation, ligand binding was also observed by NMR spectroscopy, revealing characteristic signals for the formation of a G-quadruplex only upon ligand binding. These data shed light on the molecular features required and responsible for the large Stokes shift and the strong fluorescence enhancement of red and green emitting RNA–chromophore complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinmetzger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Irene Bessi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Lenz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Höbartner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Wirth R, Gao P, Nienhaus GU, Sunbul M, Jäschke A. Confocal and Super-resolution Imaging of RNA in Live Bacteria Using a Fluorogenic Silicon Rhodamine-binding Aptamer. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3603. [PMID: 33659569 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded light-up RNA aptamers have been shown to be promising tools for the visualization of RNAs in living cells, helping us to advance our understanding of the broad and complex life of RNA. Although a handful of light-up aptamers spanning the visible wavelength region have been developed, none of them have yet been reported to be compatible with advanced super-resolution techniques, mainly due to poor photophysical properties of their small-molecule fluorogens. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for fluorescence microscopy of mRNA in live bacteria using the recently reported fluorogenic silicon rhodamine binding aptamer (SiRA) featuring excellent photophysical properties. Notably, with SiRA, we demonstrated the first aptamer-based RNA visualization using super-resolution (STED) microscopy. This imaging method can be especially valuable for visualization of RNA in prokaryotes since the size of a bacterium is only a few times greater than the optical resolution of a conventional microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Wirth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peng Gao
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - G Ulrich Nienhaus
- Institute of Applied Physics (APH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Murat Sunbul
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Chandra Saha P, Das RS, Chatterjee T, Bhattacharyya M, Guha S. Supramolecular β-Sheet Forming Peptide Conjugated with Near-Infrared Chromophore for Selective Targeting, Imaging, and Dysfunction of Mitochondria. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1301-1306. [PMID: 32250101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, conjugation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide fragment, Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe (KLVFF, fragment of Aβ16-20), with an unsymmetrical near-infrared (NIR) cyanine-5 (Cy-5) chromophore is achieved using microwave-assisted solid phase synthesis on 2-chlorotrityl chloride resin. Selective mitochondria tracking and staining in human carcinoma cells are accomplished by the KLVFF/Cy-5 conjugate containing triphenylphosphonium functionality, and this is compared to a control molecule KLVFF/Cy-5c. Mitochondrial target specificity of KLVFF/Cy-5 is established by the colocalization assay using mitochondria selective probe MitoTracker Red, which is monitored by confocal laser scanning microscope and shows a high Pearson's correlation coefficient. The KLVFF/Cy-5 conjugate has high photostability, NIR absorption/emission, high molar extinction coefficient, narrow absorption/emission band, high fluorescence lifetime, and high fluorescence quantum yield. Moreover, mitochondria targeting KLVFF/Cy-5 conjugate reaches the critical aggregation concentration inside the mitochondria of cancer cells due to the strong negative inner mitochondrial membrane potential [(ΔΨm)cancer -220 mV] and self-assembles to form amyloid fibrils at the target site, which is responsible for the mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity. Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection assay is used to determine the signal pathway of mitochondria targeted cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Chandra Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tanima Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Maitree Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Samit Guha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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41
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RNA-based fluorescent biosensors for live cell imaging of small molecules and RNAs. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 63:157-166. [PMID: 32086101 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encodable fluorescent biosensors provide spatiotemporal information on their target analytes in a label-free manner, which has enabled the study of cell biology and signaling in living cells. Over the past three decades, fueled by the development of a wide palette of fluorescent proteins, protein-based fluorescent biosensors against a broad array of targets have been developed. Recently, with the development of fluorogenic RNA aptamer-dye pairs that function in live cells, RNA-based fluorescent (RBF) biosensors have emerged as a complementary class of biosensors. Here we review the current state-of-the-art for fluorogenic RNA aptamers and RBF biosensors for imaging small molecules and RNAs, and highlight some emerging opportunities.
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42
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Singh N, Kumar P, Riaz U. Applications of near infrared and surface enhanced Raman scattering techniques in tumor imaging: A short review. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 222:117279. [PMID: 31234091 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Imaging technologies play a vital role in clinical oncology and have undergone massive growth over the past few decades. Research in the field of tumor imaging and biomedical diagnostics requires early detection of physiological alterations so as to provide curative treatment in real time. The objective of this review is to provide an insight about near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) imaging techniques that can be used to expand their capabilities for the early detection and diagnosis of cancer cells. Basic setup, principle and working of the instruments has been provided and common NIRF imaging agents as well as SERS tags are also discussed besides the analytical advantages/disadvantages of these techniques. This review can help researchers working in the field of molecular imaging to design cost effective fluorophores and SERS tags to overcome the limitations of both NIRF as well as SERS imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika Singh
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ufana Riaz
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India; Advanced Instrumentation Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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A dimerization-based fluorogenic dye-aptamer module for RNA imaging in live cells. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 16:69-76. [PMID: 31636432 PMCID: PMC6920041 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Live-cell imaging of RNA has remained a challenge because of the lack of naturally fluorescent RNAs. Recently developed RNA aptamers that can light-up small fluorogenic dyes could overcome this limitation, but they still suffer from poor brightness and photostability. Here, we propose a concept of cell-permeable fluorogenic dimer of sulforhodamine B dyes (Gemini-561) and corresponding dimerized aptamer (o-Coral) that can drastically enhance performance of the current RNA imaging method. The unprecedented brightness and photostability together with high affinity of this complex allowed, for the first time, direct fluorescence imaging in live mammalian cells of RNA polymerase-III transcription products as well as messenger RNAs labelled with a single copy of the aptamer, i.e. without tag multimerization. The developed fluorogenic module enables fast and sensitive detection of RNA inside live cells, while the proposed design concept opens the route to new generation of ultrabright RNA probes.
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44
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Chen X, Zhang D, Su N, Bao B, Xie X, Zuo F, Yang L, Wang H, Jiang L, Lin Q, Fang M, Li N, Hua X, Chen Z, Bao C, Xu J, Du W, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Zhu L, Loscalzo J, Yang Y. Visualizing RNA dynamics in live cells with bright and stable fluorescent RNAs. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:1287-1293. [PMID: 31548726 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent RNAs (FRs), aptamers that bind and activate fluorescent dyes, have been used to image abundant cellular RNA species. However, limitations such as low brightness and limited availability of dye/aptamer combinations with different spectral characteristics have limited use of these tools in live mammalian cells and in vivo. Here, we develop Peppers, a series of monomeric, bright and stable FRs with a broad range of emission maxima spanning from cyan to red. Peppers allow simple and robust imaging of diverse RNA species in live cells with minimal perturbation of the target RNA's transcription, localization and translation. Quantification of the levels of proteins and their messenger RNAs in single cells suggests that translation is governed by normal enzyme kinetics but with marked heterogeneity. We further show that Peppers can be used for imaging genomic loci with CRISPR display, for real-time tracking of protein-RNA tethering, and for super-resolution imaging. We believe these FRs will be useful tools for live imaging of cellular RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Chen
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dasheng Zhang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Su
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingkun Bao
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangting Zuo
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lipeng Yang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuning Lin
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyue Fang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningfeng Li
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hua
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengda Chen
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Bao
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processed of Ministry of Education, School of information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Du
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processed of Ministry of Education, School of information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhao
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Linyong Zhu
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. .,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Optogenetics and Synthetic Biology Interdisciplinary Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. .,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. .,School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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45
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Mitra J, Ha T. Nanomechanics and co-transcriptional folding of Spinach and Mango. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4318. [PMID: 31541108 PMCID: PMC6754394 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in fluorogen-binding “light-up” RNA aptamers have enabled protein-free detection of RNA in cells. Detailed biophysical characterization of folding of G-Quadruplex (GQ)-based light-up aptamers such as Spinach, Mango and Corn is still lacking despite the potential implications on their folding and function. In this work we employ single-molecule fluorescence-force spectroscopy to examine mechanical responses of Spinach2, iMangoIII and MangoIV. Spinach2 unfolds in four discrete steps as force is increased to 7 pN and refolds in reciprocal steps upon force relaxation. In contrast, GQ-core unfolding in iMangoIII and MangoIV occurs in one discrete step at forces >10 pN and refolding occurred at lower forces showing hysteresis. Co-transcriptional folding using superhelicases shows reduced misfolding propensity and allowed a folding pathway different from refolding. Under physiologically relevant pico-Newton levels of force, these aptamers may unfold in vivo and subsequently misfold. Understanding of the dynamics of RNA aptamers will aid engineering of improved fluorogenic modules for cellular applications. Light-up aptamers are widely used for fluorescence visualization of non-coding RNA in vivo. Here the authors employ single-molecule fluorescence-force spectroscopy to characterize the mechanical responses of the G-Quadruplex based light-up aptamers Spinach2, iMangoIII and MangoIV, which is of interest for the development of improved fluorogenic modules for imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaba Mitra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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46
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Tracking RNA with light: selection, structure, and design of fluorescence turn-on RNA aptamers. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 52:e8. [PMID: 31423956 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583519000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence turn-on aptamers, in vitro evolved RNA molecules that bind conditional fluorophores and activate their fluorescence, have emerged as RNA counterparts of the fluorescent proteins. Turn-on aptamers have been selected to bind diverse fluorophores, and they achieve varying degrees of specificity and affinity. These RNA-fluorophore complexes, many of which exceed the brightness of green fluorescent protein and their variants, can be used as tags for visualizing RNA localization and transport in live cells. Structure determination of several fluorescent RNAs revealed that they have diverse, unrelated overall architectures. As most of these RNAs activate the fluorescence of their ligands by restraining their photoexcited states into a planar conformation, their fluorophore binding sites have in common a planar arrangement of several nucleobases, most commonly a G-quartet. Nonetheless, each turn-on aptamer has developed idiosyncratic structural solutions to achieve specificity and efficient fluorescence turn-on. The combined structural diversity of fluorophores and turn-on RNA aptamers has already produced combinations that cover the visual spectrum. Further molecular evolution and structure-guided engineering is likely to produce fluorescent tags custom-tailored to specific applications.
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47
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Sunbul M, Jäschke A. SRB-2: a promiscuous rainbow aptamer for live-cell RNA imaging. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:e110. [PMID: 29931157 PMCID: PMC6182184 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SRB-2 aptamer originally selected against sulforhodamine B is shown here to promiscuously bind to various dyes with different colors. Binding of SRB-2 to these dyes results in either fluorescence increase or decrease, making them attractive for fluorescence microscopy and biological assays. By systematically varying fluorophore structural elements and measuring dissociation constants, the principles of fluorophore recognition by SRB-2 were analyzed. The obtained structure-activity relationships allowed us to rationally design a novel, bright, orange fluorescent turn-on probe (TMR-DN) with low background fluorescence, enabling no-wash live-cell RNA imaging. This new probe improved the signal-to-background ratio of fluorescence images by one order of magnitude over best previously known probe for this aptamer. The utility of TMR-DN is demonstrated by imaging ribosomal and messenger RNAs, allowing the observation of distinct localization patterns in bacteria and mammalian cells. The SRB-2 / TMR-DN system is found to be orthogonal to the Spinach/DFHBI and MG/Malachite green aptamer/dye systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Sunbul
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Andres Jäschke
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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48
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Wu H, Chen Z, Chi W, Bindra AK, Gu L, Qian C, Wu B, Yue B, Liu G, Yang G, Zhu L, Zhao Y. Structural Engineering of Luminogens with High Emission Efficiency Both in Solution and in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11419-11423. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhao Chen
- School of Computer Science and TechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Weijie Chi
- Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Anivind Kaur Bindra
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Long Gu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Cheng Qian
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Bingbing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Guangbao Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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49
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Wu H, Chen Z, Chi W, Bindra AK, Gu L, Qian C, Wu B, Yue B, Liu G, Yang G, Zhu L, Zhao Y. Structural Engineering of Luminogens with High Emission Efficiency both in Solution and in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Zhao Chen
- School of Computer Science and TechnologyDonghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Weijie Chi
- Singapore University of Technology and Design 8 Somapah Road Singapore 487372 Singapore
| | - Anivind Kaur Bindra
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Long Gu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Cheng Qian
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Bingbing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Guangbao Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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50
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Jin H, Jin Q, Liang Z, Liu Y, Qu X, Sun Q. Quantum Dot Based Fluorescent Traffic Light Nanoprobe for Specific Imaging of Avidin-Type Biotin Receptor and Differentiation of Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8958-8965. [PMID: 31251580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and specific visualization of cell surface biotin receptors (BRs) a class of clinically important biomarkers, remains a challenge. In this work, a dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe is developed for specific imaging of cell surface avidin, a subtype of BRs. The nanoprobe comprises a dual-emission quantum dot nanohybrid, wherein a silica-encapsulated red-emitting QD (rQD@SiO2) is used as the "core" and green-emitting QDs (gQDs) are used as "satellites", which are further decorated with a new "love-hate"-type BR ligand, a phenanthroline-biotin conjugate with an amino linker. The nanoprobe shows intense rQD emission but quenched gQD emission by the BR ligand. Upon imaging, the rQD emission stays constant and the gQD emission is restored as cell surface avidin accrues. Accordingly, the overlaid fluorescence color collected from red and green emission changes from red to yellow and then to green. We refer to such a color change as a traffic light pattern and the nanoprobe as a fluorescent traffic light nanoprobe. We demonstrate the application of our fluorescent traffic light nanoprobe to characterize cancer cells. By the traffic light pattern, cervical carcinoma and normal cells, as well as different-type cancer cells including BR-negative colon cancer cells, BR-positive hepatoma carcinoma cells, breast cancer cells, and their subtypes, have been visually differentiated. We further demonstrate a use of our nanoprobe to distinguish the G2 phase from other stages in a cell cycle. These applications provide new insights into visualizing cell surface biomarkers with remarkable imaging resolution and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , People's Republic of China
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