1
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Podh MB, Ratha R, Purohit CS. Template Assisted Synthesis of Linear [5]Catenane by Post-Functionalization of Templated [2]Catenane and Using Click Reaction. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400351. [PMID: 38700467 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymers with all mechanically interlocked rings, such as linear [n]catenanes, have great potential as functional materials due to possible higher degrees of freedom that may contribute to their flexibility but remain elusive. All the synthetic methods used to prepare such a polymer yield mixtures of products. In the absence of higher molecular weight linear [n]catenanes, emphasis on synthesizing low molecular weight oligomers is being pursued. Here, we have described the synthesis of a linear [5]catenane by post-functionalizing a Co(III) templated [2]catenane having a pyridine-diamide unit free for further metal ion coordination. Two molecules were synthesized with suitable threading groups: one, two terminal azide groups, and two, with two terminal alkyne groups to form two [3]pseudorotaxane utilizing Co(III) coordination. These units were then joined, forming a macrocycle, using click reaction, giving the desired metalated linear [5]catenane in 40 % yield. Removal of metal ions leads to linear [5]catenane. In addition, the formation of linear [3] and [2]catenane are also observed. All synthesized structures have been isolated by column chromatographic technique and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Bhanjan Podh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-, 752050
- Mana Bhanjan Podh, Radhakrishna Ratha, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, Mumbai, India-, 400094
| | - Radhakrishna Ratha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-, 752050
- Mana Bhanjan Podh, Radhakrishna Ratha, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, Mumbai, India-, 400094
| | - Chandra Shekhar Purohit
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India-, 752050
- Mana Bhanjan Podh, Radhakrishna Ratha, Chandra Shekhar Purohit, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) Mumbai, Mumbai, India-, 400094
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2
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Yeung A, Zwijnenburg MA, Orton GRF, Robertson JH, Barendt TA. Investigating the diastereoselective synthesis of a macrocycle under Curtin-Hammett control. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5516-5524. [PMID: 38638241 PMCID: PMC11023033 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This work sheds new light on the stereoselective synthesis of chiral macrocycles containing twisted aromatic units, valuable π-conjugated materials for recognition, sensing, and optoelectronics. For the first time, we use the Curtin-Hammett principle to investigate a chiral macrocyclisation reaction, revealing the potential for supramolecular π-π interactions to direct the outcome of a dynamic kinetic resolution, favouring the opposite macrocyclic product to that expected under reversible, thermodynamically controlled conditions. Specifically, a dynamic, racemic perylene diimide dye (1 : 1 P : M) is strapped with an enantiopure (S)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol group (P-BINOL) to form two diastereomeric macrocyclic products, the homochiral macrocycle (PP) and the heterochiral species (PM). We find there is notable selectivity for the PM macrocycle (dr = 4 : 1), which is rationalised by kinetic templation from intramolecular aromatic non-covalent interactions between the P-BINOL π-donor and the M-PDI π-acceptor during the macrocyclisation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Yeung
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Martijn A Zwijnenburg
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Georgia R F Orton
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | | | - Timothy A Barendt
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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3
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Podh MB, Ratha R, Purohit CS. Template Assisted One-Pot Synthesis of [2], Linear [3], and Radial [4]Catenane via Click Reaction. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400031. [PMID: 38372572 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of higher order catenane are unexpectedly complex and involve precise cooperation among the precursors overcoming competing and opposing interactions. We achieved synthesis of [2], linear [3], radial [4] in a one-pot reaction by consecutive ring closing through click reactions. This synthesis gave three isolable products due to two, four, and six-click reactions between suitable coupling partners. Yields of the isolate templated-catenane decrease from lower to higher-ordered catenane (40 %, 12 %, and 4 %), probably due to the bite angle as well as the flexibility of the reacting partners. Removal of templating cobalt(III) ion leads to the formation of fully organic [2], linear [3], and radial [4]catenane. These synthesized catenanes were purified by column chromatography and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-MS spectroscopy. The synthesized catenanes have free binding sites suitable for post-functionalization and may be used for the synthesis of higher-ordered catenane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Bhanjan Podh
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India -, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India -, 400094
| | - Radhakrishna Ratha
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India -, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India -, 400094
| | - Chandra Shekhar Purohit
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India -, 752050
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India -, 400094
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4
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Patrick SC, Beer PD, Davis JJ. Solvent effects in anion recognition. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:256-276. [PMID: 38448686 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Anion recognition is pertinent to a range of environmental, medicinal and industrial applications. Recent progress in the field has relied on advances in synthetic host design to afford a broad range of potent recognition motifs and novel supramolecular structures capable of effective binding both in solution and at derived molecular films. However, performance in aqueous media remains a critical challenge. Understanding the effects of bulk and local solvent on anion recognition by host scaffolds is imperative if effective and selective detection in real-world media is to be viable. This Review seeks to provide a framework within which these effects can be considered both experimentally and theoretically. We highlight proposed models for solvation effects on anion binding and discuss approaches to retain strong anion binding in highly competitive (polar) solvents. The synthetic design principles for exploiting the aforementioned solvent effects are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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5
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Wilmore JT, Beer PD. Exploiting the Mechanical Bond Effect for Enhanced Molecular Recognition and Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309098. [PMID: 38174657 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity of charged species in biological and industrial processes has resulted in ever-increasing interest in their selective recognition, detection, and environmental remediation. Building on the established coordination chemistry principles of the chelate and macrocyclic effects, and host preorganization, supramolecular chemists seek to construct specific 3D binding cavities reminiscent of biotic systems to enhance host-guest binding affinity and selectivity. Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) present a wholly unique platform for synthetic host design, wherein topologies afforded by the mechanical bond enable the decoration of 3D cavities for non-covalent interactions with a range of target guest geometries. Notably, MIM host systems exhibit mechanical bond effect augmented affinities and selectivities for a variety of charged guest species, compared to non-interlocked acyclic and macrocycle host analogs. Furthermore, the modular nature of MIM synthesis facilitates incorporation of optical and electrochemical reporter groups, enabling fabrication of highly sensitive and specific molecular sensors. This review discusses the development of recognition and sensing MIMs, from the first reports in the late 20th century through to the present day, delineating how their topologically preorganized and dynamic host cavities enhance charged guest recognition and sensing, demonstrating the mechanical bond effect as a potent tool in future chemosensing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T Wilmore
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul D Beer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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6
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Maji S, Samanta J, Natarajan R. Water-Soluble Triazolium Covalent Cages for ATP Sensing. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303596. [PMID: 38133633 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble organic cages are attractive targets for their molecular recognition and sensing features of biologically relevant molecules. Here, we have successfully designed and synthesized a pair of water-soluble cationic cages employing click reaction as the fundamental step followed by the N-methylation of the triazole rings. The rigid and shape-persistent 3D hydrophobic cavity, positively charged surface, H-bonding triazolium rings, and excellent water solubility empower both cages to exhibit a superior affinity and selectivity for binding with adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) compared to cyclophanes and other macrocyclic receptors. Both cage molecules (PCC⋅Cl and BCC⋅Cl) can bind a highly emissive dye HPTS (8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt) to form non-fluorescent complexes. The addition of ATP resulted in the stronger cage⊂ATP complexes with the retention of HPTS emission upon its displacement. The resultant indicator-displacement assay system can efficiently sense and quantify ATP in nanomolar detection limits in buffer solutions and human serum matrix. Spectroscopic and theoretical studies revealed the synergistic effect of π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interaction between the aromatic moiety of the cationic cages and the adenine moiety of ATP, as well as the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interaction between the phosphate anion of ATP and triazole protons of cages, played the pivotal roles in the sensing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Maji
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jayanta Samanta
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ramalingam Natarajan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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7
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Shi K, Jia G, Wu Y, Zhang S, Chen J. Dynamic control of circumrotation of a [2]catenane by acid-base switching. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202300304. [PMID: 38333963 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic control of the motion in a catenane remains a big challenge as it requires precise design and sophisticated well-organized structures. This paper reports the design and synthesis of a donor-acceptor [2]catenane through mechanical interlocking, employing a crown ether featuring two dibenzylammonium salts on its side arms as the host and a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT ⋅ 4PF6 ) ring as the guest molecule. By addition of external acid or base, the catenane can form self-complexed or decomplexed compounds to alter the cavity size of the crown ether ring, consequently affecting circumrotation rate of CBPQT ⋅ 4PF6 ring of the catenane. This study offers insights for the design and exploration of artificial molecular machines with intricate cascading responsive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelun Shi
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Jia
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shilong Zhang
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and Displays, National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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8
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Bąk KM, Trzaskowski B, Chmielewski MJ. Anion-templated synthesis of a switchable fluorescent [2]catenane with sulfate sensing capability. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1796-1809. [PMID: 38303949 PMCID: PMC10829038 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Anion templation strategies have facilitated the synthesis of various catenane and rotaxane hosts capable of strong and selective binding of anions in competitive solvents. However, this approach has primarily relied on positively charged precursors, limiting the structural diversity and the range of potential applications of the anion-templated mechanically interlocked molecules. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of a rare electroneutral [2]catenane using a powerful, doubly charged sulfate template and a complementary diamidocarbazole-based hydrogen bonding precursor. Owing to the unique three-dimensional hydrogen bonding cavity and the embedded carbazole fluorophores, the resulting catenane receptor functions as a sensitive fluorescent turn-ON sensor for the highly hydrophilic sulfate, even in the presence of a large excess of water. Importantly, the [2]catenane exhibits enhanced binding affinity and selectivity for sulfate over its parent macrocycle and other acyclic diamidocarbazole-based receptors. We demonstrate also, for the first time, that the co-conformation of the catenane may be controlled by reversible acid/base induced protonation and deprotonation of the anionic template, SO42-. This approach pioneers a new strategy to induce molecular motion of interlocked components using switchable anionic templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Bąk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał J Chmielewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
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9
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Nakajima T, Tashiro S, Ehara M, Shionoya M. Selective synthesis of tightly- and loosely-twisted metallomacrocycle isomers towards precise control of helicity inversion motion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7868. [PMID: 38057325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular twist is a characteristic component of molecular machines. Selectively synthesising isomers with different modes of twisting and controlling their motion such as helicity inversion is an essential challenge for achieving more advanced molecular systems. Here we report a strategy to control the inversion kinetics: the kinetically selective synthesis of tightly- and loosely-twisted isomers of a trinuclear PdII-macrocycle and their markedly different molecular behaviours. The loosely-twisted isomers smoothly invert between (P)- and (M)-helicity at a rate of 3.31 s-1, while the helicity inversion of the tightly-twisted isomers is undetectable but rather relaxes to the loosely-twisted isomers. This critical difference between these two isomers is explained by the presence or absence of an absolute configuration inversion of the nitrogen atoms of the macrocyclic amine ligand. Strategies to control the helicity inversion and structural loosening motions by the mode of twisting offer future possibilities for the design of molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Nandi M, Bej S, Jana T, Ghosh P. From construction to application of a new generation of interlocked molecules composed of heteroditopic wheels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 38015500 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, research on mechanically interlocked molecules has significantly evolved owing to their unique structural features and interesting properties. A substantial percentage of the reported works have focused on the synthetic strategies, leading to the preparation of functional MIMs for their applications in the chemical, materials, and biomedical sciences. Importantly, various macrocyclic wheels with specific heteroditopicity (including phenanthroline, amide, amine, oxy-ether, isophthalamide, calixarene and triazole) and threading axles (bipyridine, phenanthroline, pyridinium, triazolium, etc.) have been designed to synthesize targeted multifunctional mononuclear/multinuclear pseudorotaxanes, rotaxanes and catenanes. The structural uniqueness of these interlocked systems is advantageous owing to the presence of mechanical bonds with specific three-dimensional cavities. Furthermore, their multi-functionalities and preorganised structural entities exhibit a high potential for versatile applications, like switching, shuttling, dynamic properties, recognition and sensing. In this feature article, we describe some of the most recent advances in the construction and chemical behaviour of a new generation of interlocked molecules, primarily focusing on heteroditopic wheels and their applications in different directions of the modern research area. Furthermore, we outline the future prospects and significant perspectives of the new generation heteroditopic wheel based interlocked molecules in different emerging areas of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Somnath Bej
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Tarun Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India.
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11
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Garci A, Abid S, David AHG, Jones LO, Azad CS, Ovalle M, Brown PJ, Stern CL, Zhao X, Malaisrie L, Schatz GC, Young RM, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Exciplex Emission and Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Based Bischromophoric Cyclophanes and Homo[2]catenanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18391-18401. [PMID: 37565777 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy transfer and exciplex emission are not only crucial photophysical processes in many living organisms but also important for the development of smart photonic materials. We report, herein, the rationally designed synthesis and characterization of two highly charged bischromophoric homo[2]catenanes and one cyclophane incorporating a combination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, i.e., anthracene, pyrene, and perylene, which are intrinsically capable of supporting energy transfer and exciplex formation. The possible coconformations of the homo[2]catenanes, on account of their dynamic behavior, have been probed by Density Functional Theory calculations. The unique photophysical properties of these exotic molecules have been explored by steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The tetracationic pyrene-perylene cyclophane system exhibits emission emanating from a highly efficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism which occurs in 48 ps, while the octacationic homo[2]catenane displays a weak exciplex photoluminescence following extremely fast (<0.3 ps) exciplex formation. The in-depth fundamental understanding of these photophysical processes involved in the fluorescence of bischromophoric cyclophanes and homo[2]catenanes paves the way for their use in future bioapplications and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Garci
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seifallah Abid
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Chandra S Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Marco Ovalle
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paige J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xingang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luke Malaisrie
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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12
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Wilmore JT, Cheong Tse Y, Docker A, Whitehead C, Williams CK, Beer PD. Dynamic Metalloporphyrin-Based [2]Rotaxane Molecular Shuttles Stimulated by Neutral Lewis Base and Anion Coordination. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300608. [PMID: 36929530 PMCID: PMC10947143 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of dynamic metalloporphyrin [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles comprising of bis-functionalised Zn(II) porphyrin axle and pyridyl functionalised macrocycle components are prepared in high yield via active metal template synthetic methodology. Extensive variable temperature 1 H NMR and quantitative UV-Vis spectroscopic titration studies demonstrate dynamic macrocycle translocation is governed by an inter-component co-ordination interaction between the macrocycle pyridyl and axle Zn(II) metalloporphyrin, which serves to bias a 'resting state' co-conformation. The dynamic shuttling behaviour of the interlocked structures is dramatically inhibited by the addition of a neutral Lewis base such as pyridine, but can also be tuned via post-synthetic rotaxane demetallation of the porphyrin axle core to give free-base, or upon subsequent metallation, Ni(II) [2]rotaxane analogues. Importantly, the Lewis acidic Zn(II) porphyrin axle component is also capable of coordinating anions which induces mechanical bond shuttling behaviour resulting in a novel optical sensing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie T. Wilmore
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Yuen Cheong Tse
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andrew Docker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Caspar Whitehead
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford Chemistry Research LaboratoryMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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13
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Li Y, Li N, Li G, Qiao Y, Zhang M, Zhang L, Guo QH, He G. The Green Box: Selenoviologen-Based Tetracationic Cyclophane for Electrochromism, Host-Guest Interactions, and Visible-Light Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9118-9128. [PMID: 37015020 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The novel selenoviologen-based tetracationic cyclophanes (green boxes 3 and 5) with rigid electron-deficient cavities are synthesized via SN2 reactions in two steps. The green boxes exhibit good redox properties, narrow energy gaps, and strong absorption in the visible range (370-470 nm), especially for the green box 5 containing two selenoviologen (SeV2+) units. Meanwhile, the femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) reveals that the green boxes have a stabilized dicationic biradical, high efficiency of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and long-lived charge separation state due to the formation of cyclophane structure. Based on the excellent photophysical and redox properties, the green boxes are applied to electrochromic devices (ECDs) and visible-light-driven hydrogen production with a high H2 generation rate (34 μmol/h), turnover number (203), and apparent quantum yield (5.33 × 10-2). In addition, the host-guest recognitions are demonstrated between the green boxes and electron-rich guests (e.g., G1:1-naphthol and G2:platinum(II)-tethered naphthalene) in MeCN through C-H···π and π···π interactions. As a one-component system, the host-guest complexes of green box⊃G2 are successfully applied to visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production due to the intramolecular electron transfer (IET) between platinum(II) of G2 and SeV2+ of the green box, which provides a simplified system for solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
| | - Naiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Li
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710126, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710054, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang YF, Qiao XJ, Sun LY, Li J, Wang YY, Han YF. Solvato-Controlled Assembly and Structural Transformation of Emissive Poly-NHC-Based Organometallic Cages and Their Applications in Amino Acid Sensing and Fluorescence Imaging. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300209. [PMID: 36762405 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-induced structural transformation of supramolecular cages has drawn increasing attention because of their sensitive feature to external variations as model systems to simulate biological processes. However, combining structural transformation and useful functions has remained a difficult task. This study reports the solvato-controlled self-assembly of two unique topologies with different emission characteristics, a water-soluble Ag8 L4 cage (A) and an Ag4 L2 cage (B), produced from the same sulfonate-pendant tetraphenylethene (TPE) bridged tetrakis-(1,2,4-triazolium) ligand. Both cages show interesting solvent-responsive reversible structural transformation, and the change of fluorescence signals can efficiently track the process. Additionally, water-soluble cage A exhibits unique properties in thermochromism, thiol amino acid sensing, and subcellular imaging in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and, Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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15
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Garci A, David AHG, Le Bras L, Ovalle M, Abid S, Young RM, Liu W, Azad CS, Brown PJ, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Thermally Controlled Exciplex Fluorescence in a Dynamic Homo[2]catenane. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23551-23559. [PMID: 36512436 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Motion-induced change in emission (MICE) is a phenomenon that can be employed to develop various types of probes, including temperature and viscosity sensors. Although MICE, arising from the conformational motion in particular compounds, has been studied extensively, this phenomenon has not been investigated in depth in mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) undergoing coconformational changes. Herein, we report the investigation of a thermoresponsive dynamic homo[2]catenane incorporating pyrene units and displaying relative circumrotational motions of its cyclophanes as evidenced by variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy and supported by its visualization through molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanics calculations. The relative coconformational motions induce a significant change in the fluorescence emission of the homo[2]catenane upon changes in temperature compared with its component cyclophanes. This variation in the exciplex emission of the homo[2]catenane is reversible as demonstrated by four complete cooling and heating cycles. This research opens up possibilities of using the coconformational changes in MIMs-based chromophores for probing fluctuations in temperature which could lead to applications in biomedicine or materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Garci
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Laura Le Bras
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Marco Ovalle
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seifallah Abid
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Chandra S Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paige J Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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16
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Wu CH, Nhien PQ, Cuc TTK, Hue BTB, Lin HC. Designs and Applications of Multi-stimuli Responsive FRET Processes in AIEgen-Functionalized and Bi-fluorophoric Supramolecular Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 381:2. [PMID: 36495421 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Materials capable of displaying strong ratiometric fluorescence with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes have attracted much research interest because of various chemosensor and biomedical applications. This review highlights several popular strategies in designing FRET-OFF/ON mechanisms of ratiometric fluorescence systems. In particular, the developments of organic and polymeric FRET materials featuring aggregation-induced emission-based luminogens (AIEgens), supramolecular assemblies, photochromic molecular switches and surfactant-induced AIE/FRET mechanisms are presented. AIEgens have been frequently employed as FRET donor and/or acceptor fluorophores to obtain enhanced ratiometric fluorescences in solution and solid states. Since AIE effects and FRET processes rely on controllable distances between fluorophores, many interesting fluorescent properties can be designed by regulating aggregation states in polymers and supramolecular systems. Photo-switchable fluorophores, such as spiropyran and diarylethene, provide drastic changes in fluorescence spectra upon photo-induced isomerizations, leading to photo-switching mechanisms to activate/deactivate FRET processes. Supramolecular assemblies offer versatile platforms to regulate responsive FRET processes effectively. In rotaxane structures, the donor-acceptor distance and FRET efficiency can be tuned by acid/base-controlled shuttling of the macrocycle component. The tunable supramolecular interactions are strongly influenced by external factors (such as pH values, temperatures, analytes, surfactants, UV-visible lights, etc.), which induce the assembly and disassembly of host-guest systems and thus their FRET-ON/FRET-OFF behavior. In addition, the changes in donor or acceptor fluorescence profiles upon detections of analytes can also sufficiently alter the FRET behavior and result in different ratiometric fluorescence outputs. The strategies and examples provided in this review offer the insights and toolkits for future FRET-based material developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pham Quoc Nhien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Tu Thi Kim Cuc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Bui Thi Buu Hue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Cheu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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17
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Koehler V, Gauthier M, Yao C, Fournel-Marotte K, Waelès P, Kauffmann B, Huc I, Coutrot F, Ferrand Y. [3]Foldarotaxane-mediated synthesis of an improbable [2]rotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8618-8621. [PMID: 35786713 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03066g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The wrapping of an aromatic oligoamide helix around an active ester-containing [2]rotaxane enforced the sliding and the sequestration of the surrounding macrocycle around a part of the axle for which it has no formal affinity. The foldamer-mediated compartmentalization of the [2]rotaxane shuttle was subsequently used to prepare an improbable rotaxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Koehler
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and Archtectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Chenhao Yao
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.
| | - Karine Fournel-Marotte
- Supramolecular Machines and Archtectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and Archtectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, UMS3033, IECB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ivan Huc
- Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Archtectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Yann Ferrand
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano-objets CBMN (UMR5248), Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600, Pessac, France.
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18
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Penty SE, Zwijnenburg MA, Orton GRF, Stachelek P, Pal R, Xie Y, Griffin SL, Barendt TA. The Pink Box: Exclusive Homochiral Aromatic Stacking in a Bis-perylene Diimide Macrocycle. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12290-12298. [PMID: 35763425 PMCID: PMC9348826 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work showcases chiral complementarity in aromatic stacking interactions as an effective tool to optimize the chiroptical and electrochemical properties of perylene diimides (PDIs). PDIs are a notable class of robust dye molecules and their rich photo- and electrochemistry and potential chirality make them ideal organic building blocks for chiral optoelectronic materials. By exploiting the new bay connectivity of twisted PDIs, a dynamic bis-PDI macrocycle (the "Pink Box") is realized in which homochiral PDI-PDI π-π stacking interactions are switched on exclusively. Using a range of experimental and computational techniques, we uncover three important implications of the macrocycle's chiral complementarity for PDI optoelectronics. First, the homochiral intramolecular π-π interactions anchor the twisted PDI units, yielding enantiomers with half-lives extended over 400-fold, from minutes to days (in solution) or years (in the solid state). Second, homochiral H-type aggregation affords the macrocycle red-shifted circularly polarized luminescence and one of the highest dissymmetry factors of any small organic molecule in solution (glum = 10-2 at 675 nm). Finally, excellent through-space PDI-PDI π-orbital overlap stabilizes PDI reduced states, akin to covalent functionalization with electron-withdrawing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Penty
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Martijn A Zwijnenburg
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia R F Orton
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Patrycja Stachelek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Yujie Xie
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Griffin
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy A Barendt
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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19
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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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20
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Yang F, Zhen M, Wang S, Wei W, He H, Xu Y. Atropisomer-based construction of a new perylene diimide macrocycle as visible-light photocatalyst for selective sulfide oxidation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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22
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Li A, Tan Z, Hu Y, Lu Z, Yuan J, Li X, Xie J, Zhang J, Zhu K. Precise Control of Radial Catenane Synthesis via Clipping and Pumping. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2085-2089. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anquan Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhengqi Tan
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yiheng Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zonghuan Lu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jialin Xie
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy & State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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23
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Zhang L, Sun LY, Chang JP, Xie HY, Zhang YW, Zhang YF, Han YF. A trefoil-shaped macrocycle with 12 imidazolium cations. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Cheong Tse Y, Hein R, Mitchell EJ, Zhang Z, Beer PD. Halogen-Bonding Strapped Porphyrin BODIPY Rotaxanes for Dual Optical and Electrochemical Anion Sensing. Chemistry 2021; 27:14550-14559. [PMID: 34319624 PMCID: PMC8596797 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Anion receptors employing two distinct sensory mechanisms are rare. Herein, we report the first examples of halogen-bonding porphyrin BODIPY [2]rotaxanes capable of both fluorescent and redox electrochemical sensing of anions. 1 H NMR, UV/visible and electrochemical studies revealed rotaxane axle triazole group coordination to the zinc(II) metalloporphyrin-containing macrocycle component, serves to preorganise the rotaxane binding cavity and dramatically enhances anion binding affinities. Mechanically bonded, integrated-axle BODIPY and macrocycle strapped metalloporphyrin motifs enable the anion recognition event to be sensed by the significant quenching of the BODIPY fluorophore and cathodic perturbations of the metalloporphyrin P/P+. redox couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Cheong Tse
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Robert Hein
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Edward J. Mitchell
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research LaboratoryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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25
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Liu W, Tan Y, Jones LO, Song B, Guo QH, Zhang L, Qiu Y, Feng Y, Chen XY, Schatz GC, Stoddart JF. PCage: Fluorescent Molecular Temples for Binding Sugars in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15688-15700. [PMID: 34505510 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic receptors that recognize carbohydrates in water with high selectivity and specificity is challenging on account of their structural complexity and strong hydrophilicity. Here, we report on the design and synthesis of two pyrene-based, temple-shaped receptors for the recognition of a range of common sugars in water. These receptors rely on the use of two parallel pyrene panels, which serve as roofs and floors, capable of forming multiple [C-H···π] interactions with the axially oriented C-H bonds on glycopyranosyl rings in the carbohydrate-based substrates. In addition, eight polarized pyridinium C-H bonds, projecting from the roofs and floors of the temple receptors toward the binding cavities, form [C-H···O] hydrogen bonds, with the equatorially oriented OH groups on the sugars located inside the hydrophobic cavities. Four para-xylylene pillars play a crucial role in controlling the distance between the roof and floor. These temple receptors are highly selective for the binding of glucose and its derivatives. Furthermore, they show enhanced fluorescence upon binding with glucose in water, a property which is useful for glucose-sensing in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yu Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Road, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
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26
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Amara U, Riaz S, Mahmood K, Akhtar N, Nasir M, Hayat A, Khalid M, Yaqub M, Nawaz MH. Copper oxide integrated perylene diimide self-assembled graphitic pencil for robust non-enzymatic dopamine detection. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25084-25095. [PMID: 35481009 PMCID: PMC9036951 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03908c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring a robust, extremely sensitive, cost-effective and reliable assay platform for the precise analysis of dopamine (DA) has become a big challenge predominantly at the clinical level. To participate in this quest, herein, we fabricated a perylene diimide (PDI) self-assembled graphitic surface of the graphitic pencil electrode (GPE) anchored copper oxide (CuO). The self-assembled N-rich PDI led to the fast movement of ions by decreasing the bandgap and improved the electron transport kinetics with more exposed catalytic active sites, thus resulting in the robust electrochemical sensing of DA. The designed sensor exhibited good sensitivity (4 μM−1 cm−2), high structural stability, repeatability and excellent reproducibility with an RSD value of 2.9%. Moreover, the developed system showed a wide linear range (5 μM to 500 μM) and reliable selectivity even in the presence of co-existing interferants, such as ascorbic acid and uric acid. The fabricated nanohybrid was eventually employed to analyze DA in spiked physiological fluids and provided satisfactory recoveries. The designed PDI-CuO based interface also showed a very low detection limit of 6 nM (S/N = 3), consequently confirming its suitability for clinical and biological applications. Exploring a robust, extremely sensitive, cost-effective and reliable assay platform for the precise analysis of dopamine (DA) has become a big challenge predominantly at the clinical level.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Umay Amara
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan .,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus 54000 Pakistan
| | - Sara Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus 54000 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
| | - Naeem Akhtar
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus 54000 Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus 54000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaqub
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
| | - Mian Hasnain Nawaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus 54000 Pakistan
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27
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28
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Deng Y, Lai SKM, Kong L, Au-Yeung HY. Fine-tuning of the optical output in a dual responsive catenane switch. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2931-2934. [PMID: 33621303 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A [2]catenane switch where the intramolecular pyrene excimer emission can be controlled by orthogonal cation binding and solvent polarity change in various amplitudes and dynamic ranges is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Samuel Kin-Man Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Linghui Kong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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29
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Iwamoto H, Ishizu Y, Hasegawa E, Sekiya R, Haino T. Translational isomers of N-sulfonylated [3]catenane: synthesis and isomerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1915-1918. [PMID: 33496294 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Sulfonylated [3]catenanes, which exist as two translational isomers, were synthesized. The X-ray crystal structure of the distal isomer of [3]catenane, which has higher symmetry, revealed hydrogen bonds involving the carboxylic acid moieties on the terminal rings. The thermodynamic parameters of the isomerization revealed that this hydrogen bonding influenced the isomerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Yuki Ishizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Eietsu Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
| | - Ryo Sekiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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30
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Foyle ÉM, White NG. Anion Templated Supramolecular Structures Assembled using 1,2,3-Triazole and Triazolium motifs. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:575-587. [PMID: 33576575 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of 1,2,3-triazole and triazolium motifs to construct anion templated supramolecular structures has grown rapidly over the past decade and has enabled a range of complex structures to be synthesised. In this Minireview we highlight the significant advances that have been made in areas such as foldamers, polymers and interlocked systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émer M Foyle
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicholas G White
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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31
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Tay HM, Beer P. Optical sensing of anions by macrocyclic and interlocked hosts. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4652-4677. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00601k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises recent developments in the use of macrocyclic and mechanically-interlocked host molecules as optical sensors for anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min Tay
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Paul Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak‐Shing Kwan
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Ken Cham‐Fai Leung
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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33
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Kage Y, Shimizu S, Kociok-Köhn G, Furuta H, Pantoş GD. Subphthalocyanine-Stoppered [2]Rotaxanes: Synthesis and Size/Energy Threshold of Slippage. Org Lett 2020; 22:1096-1101. [PMID: 31942791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Subphthalocyanine (SubPc)-stoppered [2]rotaxanes were synthesized for the first time. The rotaxane bearing unsubstituted SubPc as a stopper exhibited an equilibrium of slipping-on and slipping-off, whereas a perfluorinated SubPc stopper completely blocked slippage of the ring due to its slightly larger size. Kinetic studies revealed the Gibbs free energy of activation for the slipping-on and slipping-off processes. The optical properties of the rotaxanes, including photoinduced electron transfer, were also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan.,Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - G Dan Pantoş
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
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34
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Kannankutty K, Chen CC, Nguyen VS, Lin YC, Chou HH, Yeh CY, Wei TC. tert-Butylpyridine Coordination with [Cu(dmp) 2] 2+/+ Redox Couple and Its Connection to the Stability of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5812-5819. [PMID: 31942803 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cu(I)/(II) complex redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) are of particular interest because of their low reorganization energy between Cu(I) and Cu(II), which minimizes the potential loss during sensitizer regeneration, thus allowing the open-circuit voltage of the device to go over 1.0 V. However, Cu(I)/(II)-based redox couples are reported to coordinate with 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP), which is a standard additive in the electrolyte, and this is believed to account for the poor durability of a Cu(I)/(II)-based DSSCs. Despite TBP coordination on Cu(I)/(II) complexes are confirmed in the literature, its detailed mechanism is yet to be directly proven. In addition, how TBP coordination with Cu(I)/(II) complexes affects the stability of the device is never reported. Here, we choose bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) copper(I)/(II) ([Cu(dmp)22+/+]) as the modeling redox couple to investigate its interaction with TBP. It is found that [Cu(dmp)2+] is resistive to TBP coordination but could form three new TBP-coordinated compounds. Moreover, it is also confirmed their electrochemical activity on Pt catalyst and mass transfer capability are both demoted significantly. As a result, serious fill factor loss is observed on the stability trail while short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage are relatively unaffected. This unique degradation pattern may resemble a feature of Cu(I)/(II)-based redox couple after TBP poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kala Kannankutty
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Vinh Son Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 , Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Hsin Chou
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Yeh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung 402 , Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
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35
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36
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Barendt TA, Myers WK, Cornes SP, Lebedeva MA, Porfyrakis K, Marques I, Félix V, Beer PD. The Green Box: An Electronically Versatile Perylene Diimide Macrocyclic Host for Fullerenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:349-364. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A. Barendt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - William K. Myers
- Centre for Advanced ESR, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart P. Cornes
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Maria A. Lebedeva
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Kyriakos Porfyrakis
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Marques
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Vítor Félix
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO − Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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37
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Cametti M, Sakata Y, Martí-Rujas J, Akine S. ON/OFF Control of the Flipping Motion of Diuranyl Bis(Salophen) Macrocycle by Extremely Strong Binding with Fluoride Ion. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:14871-14875. [PMID: 31617713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diuranyl bis(salophen) complex 1 features a relatively slow conformational motion, induced by an intramolecular O═U═O···UO2 binding motif, which interconverts the two nonsymmetric halves of the ligand. This flipping motion, which constitutes one of the fundamental molecular motions, can be completely halted by addition of fluoride anion, which is bound to 1, reaching one of the highest affinities reported to date. This system represents a model to study flipping dynamics in light of the possibility of developing novel types of molecular machines based on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Cametti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , Via Luigi Mancinelli 7 , Milan 20131 , Italy
| | - Yoko Sakata
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)/Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi , Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
| | - Javier Martí-Rujas
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, "Giulio Natta" , Politecnico di Milano , Via Luigi Mancinelli 7 , Milan 20131 , Italy.,Center for Nano Science and Technology@Polimi , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Pascoli 70/3 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI)/Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi , Kanazawa 920-1192 , Japan
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38
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Mechanical movement of the novel sailboat-shaped molecular switches and their unique fluorescence behaviours in rotation. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Safarnejad Shad M, Santhini PV, Dehaen W. 1,2,3-Triazolium macrocycles in supramolecular chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2142-2155. [PMID: 31579083 PMCID: PMC6753851 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this short review, we describe different pathways for synthesizing 1,2,3-triazolium macrocycles and focus on their application in different areas of supramolecular chemistry. The synthesis is mostly relying on the well-known "click reaction" (CuAAC) leading to 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles that then can be quaternized. Applications of triazolium macrocycles thus prepared include receptors for molecular recognition of anionic species, pH sensors, mechanically interlocked molecules, molecular machines, and molecular reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastaneh Safarnejad Shad
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pulikkal Veettil Santhini
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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40
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Feng X, Liao P, Jiang J, Shi J, Ke Z, Zhang J. Perylene Diimide Based Imine Cages for Inclusion of Aromatic Guest Molecules and Visible‐Light Photocatalysis. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Feng
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Peisen Liao
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jingxing Jiang
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jianying Shi
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University MOE Laboratory of Polymeric Composite and Functional MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Guangzhou 510275 China
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41
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Bettini S, Syrgiannis Z, Pagano R, D Ord Ević L, Salvatore L, Prato M, Giancane G, Valli L. Perylene Bisimide Aggregates as Probes for Subnanomolar Discrimination of Aromatic Biogenic Amines. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17079-17089. [PMID: 30978000 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perylene bisimide derivatives show peculiar physical chemical features, such as a highly conjugated system, high extinction coefficients and elevated fluorescence quantum yields, making them suitable for the development of optical sensors of compounds of interest. In particular, they are characterized by the tendency to aggregate into π-π stacked supramolecular structures. In this contribution, the behavior of the PBI derivative N, N'-bis(2-(trimethylammonium)ethylene)perylene bisimide dichloride was investigated both in aqueous solution and on solid support. The electronic communication between PBI aggregates and biogenic amines was exploited in order to discriminate aromatic amines down to subnanomolar concentrations by observing PBI fluorescence variations in the presence of various amines and at different concentrations. The experimental findings were corroborated by density functional theory calculations. In particular, phenylethylamine and tyramine were demonstrated to be selectively detected down to 10-10 M concentration. Then, in order to develop a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) device, PBI was deposited onto a SPR support by means of the layer-by-layer method. PBI was deposited in the aggregated form and was demonstrated to preserve the capability to discriminate, selectively and with an outstanding analytical sensitivity, tyramine in the vapor phase and even if mixed with other aromatic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bettini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation , Campus University Ecotekne , Via per Monteroni , I-73100 Lecce , Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM , Via G. Giusti, 9 , I-50121 Firenze , Italy
| | - Zois Syrgiannis
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Rosanna Pagano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DISTEBA , University of Salento , Via per Arnesano , I-73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Luka D Ord Ević
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
| | - Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for Innovation , Campus University Ecotekne , Via per Monteroni , I-73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Trieste , via L. Giorgieri 1 , 34127 Trieste , Italy
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
- Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory , CIC biomaGUNE , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Gabriele Giancane
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM , Via G. Giusti, 9 , I-50121 Firenze , Italy
- Department of Cultural Heritage , Università del Salento , Via D. Birago, 48 , I-73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Ludovico Valli
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM , Via G. Giusti, 9 , I-50121 Firenze , Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, DISTEBA , University of Salento , Via per Arnesano , I-73100 Lecce , Italy
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42
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Caprice K, Pupier M, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Cougnon FBL. Synchronized On/Off Switching of Four Binding Sites for Water in a Molecular Solomon Link. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8053-8057. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Caprice
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Marion Pupier
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
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43
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Caprice K, Pupier M, Bauzá A, Frontera A, Cougnon FBL. Synchronized On/Off Switching of Four Binding Sites for Water in a Molecular Solomon Link. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Caprice
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Marion Pupier
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
| | - Antonio Bauzá
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química Universitat de les Illes Balears Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Baleares Spain
| | - Fabien B. L. Cougnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet Geneva Switzerland
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44
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Wu D, Kong Y. Dynamic Interaction between Host and Guest for Enantioselective Recognition: Application of β-Cyclodextrin-Based Charged Catenane As Electrochemical Probe. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5961-5967. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Datong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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45
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Turlington MD, Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Beauvilliers EE, Meyer GJ. Control of Excited-State Supramolecular Assembly Leading to Halide Photorelease. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3316-3328. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Turlington
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Evan E. Beauvilliers
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Murray Hall 2202B, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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Zhou HY, Han Y, Shi Q, Chen CF. A Triply Operable Molecular Switch: Anion-, Acid/Base- and Solvent-Responsive [2]Rotaxane. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- He-Ye Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100049 Beijing China
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47
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Yee CC, Ng AWH, Au-Yeung HY. Control over the macrocyclisation pathway and product topology in a copper-templated catenane synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6169-6172. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02263e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to control building block intertwining and the efficient assembly of a linear [4]catenane are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chung Yee
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | | | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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Singh J, Kim DH, Kim EH, Singh N, Kim H, Hadiputra R, Jung J, Chi KW. Selective and quantitative synthesis of a linear [3]catenane by two component coordination-driven self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6866-6869. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03336j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly and synergistic non-covalent intercycler interactions (π–π, CH–π and CH–N) for the selective formation of a linear [3]catenane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Protein Structure Group
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Ochang
- Chungbuk 28119
- Republic of Korea
| | - Nem Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunuk Kim
- Energy Materials Laboratory
- Korea Institute of Energy Research
- Daejeon 34129
- Republic of Korea
| | - Rizky Hadiputra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Jung
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Whan Chi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ulsan
- Ulsan 44610
- Republic of Korea
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49
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Boer SA, Cox RP, Beards MJ, Wang H, Donald WA, Bell TDM, Turner DR. Elucidation of naphthalene diimide metallomacrocycles and catenanes by solvent dependent excimer and exciplex emission. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:663-666. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation of metallocatenanes, and their disruption by aromatic solvents, is followed by excimer and exciplex emission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosalind P. Cox
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- VIc 3800
- Australia
| | | | - Huixin Wang
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | | | - Toby D. M. Bell
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- VIc 3800
- Australia
| | - David R. Turner
- School of Chemistry
- Monash University
- Clayton
- VIc 3800
- Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Joan M. Racicot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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