1
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Puigcerver J, Zamora-Gallego JM, Marin-Luna M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Urea-Based [2]Rotaxanes as Effective Phase-Transfer Organocatalysts: Hydrogen-Bonding Cooperative Activation Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22887-22892. [PMID: 38975636 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
We finely designed a set of [2]rotaxanes with urea threads and tested them as hydrogen-bonding phase-transfer catalysts in two different nucleophilic substitutions requiring the activation of the reactant fluoride anion. The [2]rotaxane bearing a fluorinated macrocycle and a fluorine-containing urea thread displayed significantly enhanced catalytic activity in comparison with the combination of both noninterlocked components. This fact highlights the notably beneficial role of the mechanical bond, cooperatively activating the processes through hydrogen-bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Puigcerver
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose M Zamora-Gallego
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Marin-Luna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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2
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Riebe J, Bädorf B, Löffelsender S, Gutierrez Suburu ME, Rivas Aiello MB, Strassert CA, Grimme S, Niemeyer J. Molecular folding governs switchable singlet oxygen photoproduction in porphyrin-decorated bistable rotaxanes. Commun Chem 2024; 7:171. [PMID: 39112693 PMCID: PMC11306352 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotaxanes are mechanically interlocked molecules where a ring (macrocycle) is threaded onto a linear molecule (thread). The position of the macrocycle on different stations on the thread can be controlled in response to external stimuli, making rotaxanes applicable as molecular switches. Here we show that bistable rotaxanes based on the combination of a Zn(II) tetraphenylporphyrin photosensitizer, attached to the macrocycle, and a black-hole-quencher, attached to the thread, are capable of singlet oxygen production which can be switched on/off by the addition of base/acid. However, we found that only a sufficiently long linker between both stations on the thread enabled switchability, and that the direction of switching was inversed with regard to the original design. This unexpected behavior was attributed to intramolecular folding of the rotaxanes, as indicated by extensive theoretical calculations. This evidences the importance to take into account the conformational flexibility of large molecular structures when designing functional switchable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Riebe
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bädorf
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sarah Löffelsender
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matias E Gutierrez Suburu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - María Belén Rivas Aiello
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CeNTech, CiMIC, SoN, Universität Münster, Heisenbergstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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3
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Shi K, Jia G, Wu Y, Zhang S, Chen J. Dynamic control of circumrotation of a [2]catenane by acid-base switching. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300304. [PMID: 38333963 PMCID: PMC11319237 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic control of the motion in a catenane remains a big challenge as it requires precise design and sophisticated well-organized structures. This paper reports the design and synthesis of a donor-acceptor [2]catenane through mechanical interlocking, employing a crown ether featuring two dibenzylammonium salts on its side arms as the host and a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT ⋅ 4PF6) ring as the guest molecule. By addition of external acid or base, the catenane can form self-complexed or decomplexed compounds to alter the cavity size of the crown ether ring, consequently affecting circumrotation rate of CBPQT ⋅ 4PF6 ring of the catenane. This study offers insights for the design and exploration of artificial molecular machines with intricate cascading responsive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelun Shi
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Guohui Jia
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Shilong Zhang
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- SCNU-UG International Joint Laboratory of Molecular Science and DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsGuangzhou510006P. R. China
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4
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McCarthy DR, Xu K, Schenkelberg ME, Balegamire NAN, Liang H, Bellino SA, Li J, Schneebeli ST. Kinetically controlled synthesis of rotaxane geometric isomers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4860-4870. [PMID: 38550687 PMCID: PMC10967009 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04412b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Geometric isomerism in mechanically interlocked systems-which arises when the axle of a mechanically interlocked molecule is oriented, and the macrocyclic component is facially dissymmetric-can provide enhanced functionality for directional transport and polymerization catalysis. We now introduce a kinetically controlled strategy to control geometric isomerism in [2]rotaxanes. Our synthesis provides the major geometric isomer with high selectivity, broadening synthetic access to such interlocked structures. Starting from a readily accessible [2]rotaxane with a symmetrical axle, one of the two stoppers is activated selectively for stopper exchange by the substituents on the ring component. High selectivities are achieved in these reactions, based on coupling the selective formation reactions leading to the major products with inversely selective depletion reactions for the minor products. Specifically, in our reaction system, the desired (major) product forms faster in the first step, while the undesired (minor) product subsequently reacts away faster in the second step. Quantitative 1H NMR data, fit to a detailed kinetic model, demonstrates that this effect (which is conceptually closely related to minor enantiomer recycling and related processes) can significantly improve the intrinsic selectivity of the reactions. Our results serve as proof of principle for how multiple selective reaction steps can work together to enhance the stereoselectivity of synthetic processes forming complex mechanically interlocked molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon R McCarthy
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Departments of Industrial & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Mica E Schenkelberg
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
- Departments of Industrial & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Nils A N Balegamire
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
- Departments of Industrial & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Huiming Liang
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Shea A Bellino
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
| | - Jianing Li
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
- Departments of Industrial & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Severin T Schneebeli
- Departments of Chemistry, Pathology, and Materials Science Program, University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA
- Departments of Industrial & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Chemistry, and Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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5
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Prakashni M, Dasgupta S. BP23C7: high-yield synthesis and application in constructing [3]rotaxanes and responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1871-1884. [PMID: 38349013 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02094k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A biphenyl-23-crown-7 ether (BP23C7) is synthesized in 86% yield from commercially available starting materials. BP23C7 forms pseudo[2]rotaxane with a dibenzylammonium ion (DBA+), exhibiting a good association constant value (ka = 1 × 103 M-1). Subsequently, fluorophoric properties of BP23C7 and anthracene terminated axles are blended to create responsive pseudo[2]rotaxanes. The "turn-on" fluorescence response of BP23C7 due to the addition of fluoride and chloride anions to pseudo[2]rotaxane systems has been investigated. Concomitant fluorescence quenching of the anthracene moiety of corresponding axles due to ion-pair formation has been addressed. Furthermore, two variants of [23]crown ethers, i.e. BP23C7 and o-xylene-23-crown-7 ether (X23C7), are applied for constructing homo[3]rotaxane architectures. A half-axle comprising of DBA+ moiety and a terminal olefin is mixed separately with two [23]crown ethers and subjected to self-metathesis using Grubbs' first-generation catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Prakashni
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India.
| | - Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna - 800005, India.
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6
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Du T, Shen B, Dai J, Zhang M, Chen X, Yu P, Liu Y. Controlled and Regioselective Ring-Opening Polymerization for Poly(disulfide)s by Anion-Binding Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27788-27799. [PMID: 37987648 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Poly(disulfide)s are an emerging class of sulfur-containing polymers with applications in medicine, energy, and functional materials. However, the constituent dynamic covalent S-S bond is highly reactive in the presence of the sulfide (RS-) anion, imposing a persistent challenge to control the polymerization. Here, we report an anion-binding approach to arrest the high reactivity of the RS- chain end to control the synthesis of linear poly(disulfide)s, realizing a rapid, living ring-opening polymerization of 1,2-dithiolanes with narrow dispersity and high regioselectivity (Mw/Mn ∼ 1.1, Ps ∼ 0.85). Mechanistic studies support the formation of a thiourea-base-sulfide ternary complex as the catalytically active species during the chain propagation. Theoretical analyses reveal a synergistic catalytic model where the catalyst preorganizes the protonated base and anionic chain end to establish spatial confinement over the bound monomer, effecting the observed regioselectivity. The catalytic system is amenable to monomers with various functional groups, and semicrystalline polymers are also obtained from lipoic acid derivatives by enhancing the regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boming Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jieyu Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xingjian Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Bhattacharjee N, Gao X, Nathani A, Dobscha JR, Pink M, Ito T, Flood AH. Solvent Acts as the Referee in a Match-Up Between Charged and Preorganized Receptors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302339. [PMID: 37615829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of anion-cation contacts in biomolecular recognition under aqueous conditions suggests that ionic interactions should dominate the binding of anions in solvents across both high and low polarities. Investigations of this idea using titrations in low polarity solvents are impaired by interferences from ion pairing that prevent a clear picture of binding. To address this limitation and test the impact of ion-ion interactions across multiple solvents, we quantified chloride binding to a cationic receptor after accounting for ion pairing. In these studies, we created a chelate receptor using aryl-triazole CH donors and a quinolinium unit that directs its cationic methyl inside the binding pocket. In low-polarity dichloromethane, the 1 : 1 complex (log K1 : 1 ~ 7.3) is more stable than neutral chelates, but fortuitously comparable to a preorganized macrocycle (log K1 : 1 ~ 6.9). Polar acetonitrile and DMSO diminish stabilities of the charged receptor (log K1 : 1 ~ 3.7 and 1.9) but surprisingly 100-fold more than the macrocycle. While both receptors lose stability by dielectric screening of electrostatic stability, the cationic receptor also pays additional costs of organization. Thus even though the charged receptor has stronger binding in apolar solvents, the uncharged receptor has more anion affinity in polar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarupa Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Akash Nathani
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-campus Dr North, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - James R Dobscha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 213 CBC Building, 1212 Mid-campus Dr North, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Amar H Flood
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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8
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Benny R, De S. Interplay between anti- anti and syn- anti conformations of thiourea modulating ON-OFF catalysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16767-16772. [PMID: 37902552 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and operation of a readily accessible two-state switch are demonstrated. The switch initially exists in an intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded self-locked state, as evidenced by the solution-state NMR and solid-state structure. The switch can be reversibly altered between anti-anti and syn-anti conformations by adding and removing Cu+ ions, as evidenced by the NMR and crystallographic study. The anti-anti form was found to be catalytically active in the Michael addition reaction, whereas the syn-anti form was catalytically inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renitta Benny
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Soumen De
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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9
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Tseng IC, Zhang MX, Kang SL, Chiu SH. An Anion-Switchable Dual-Function Rotaxane Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309889. [PMID: 37670563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
In situ switching of the associated anions of a rotaxane catalyst between Cl- and TFPB- exposes its dialkylammonium and imidazolium stations, respectively, thereby selectively catalyzing the reactions of a mixture of trans-cinnamaldehyde and an aliphatic thiol to yield the Michael adduct and the thioacetal product, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Cheng Tseng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lun Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Emerging Material and Advanced Devices, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Prakashni M, Dasgupta S. Synthesis of [2]Rotaxane‐Based pH‐Responsive Molecular Switch Involving a [23]Crown Ether Wheel, Dibenzylammonium and Methyl Triazolium Recognition Stations. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Prakashni
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Patna Ashok Rajpath Patna 800005 Bihar India
| | - Suvankar Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Patna Ashok Rajpath Patna 800005 Bihar India
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11
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Sakata Y, Nakamura R, Hibi T, Akine S. Speed Tuning of the Formation/Dissociation of a Metallorotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217048. [PMID: 36628483 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Switching between the formation/dissociation of rotaxanes is important to control the function of various types of rotaxane-based materials. We have developed a convenient and simple strategy, the so-called "accelerator addition", to make a static rotaxane dynamic without apparently affecting the chemical structure. As an interlocked molecule that enables tuning of the formation/dissociation speed, a metallorotaxane was quantitatively generated by the complexation of a triptycene-based dumbbell-shaped mononuclear complex, [PdL2 ]2+ (L=2,3-diaminotriptycene), with 27C9. As a result of the inertness of the Pd2+ -based coordination structure, the metallorotaxane was slowly formed (the static state). This rotaxane formation was accelerated 27 times simply by adding Br- as an accelerator (the dynamic state). A similar drastic acceleration was also demonstrated during the dissociation process when Cs+ was added to the metallorotaxane to form the free axle [PdL2 ]2+ and the 27C9-Cs+ complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hibi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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12
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Yang XD, Zhang YJ, Zhou JH, Liu L, Sun JK. Air-Stable Radical Organic Cages as Cascade Nanozymes for Enhanced Catalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206127. [PMID: 36440672 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of single-assembled molecular cage reactors for complex tandem reactions is a long-standing target in biomimetic catalysis but still a grand challenge. Herein, nanozyme-like organic cages are reported by engineering air-stable radicals into the skeleton upon photoinduced electron transfer. The generation of radicals is accompanied by single-crystal structural transformation and exhibits superior stability over six months in air. Impressively, the radicals throughout the cage skeleton can mimic the peroxidase of natural enzymes to decompose H2 O2 into OH· and facilitate oxidation reactions. Furthermore, an integrated catalyst by encapsulating Au clusters (glucose oxidase mimics) into the cage has been developed, in which the dual active sites (Au cluster and radical) are spatially isolated and can work as cascade nanozymes to prominently promote the enzyme-like tandem reaction via a substrate channeling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jun Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
- College of Science, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Yuhua Road 70, Shijiazhuang, 050080, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hao Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ke Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
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13
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Tang Y, Luo Y, Xiang J, He Y, Fan Q. Rhodium‐Catalyzed ON‐OFF Switchable Hydrogenation Using a Molecular Shuttle Based on a [2]Rotaxane with a Phosphine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200638. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ping Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Er Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Mei He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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14
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Au-Yeung HY, Deng Y. Distinctive features and challenges in catenane chemistry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3315-3334. [PMID: 35432874 PMCID: PMC8943846 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
From being an aesthetic molecular object to a building block for the construction of molecular machines, catenanes and related mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) continue to attract immense interest in many research areas. Catenane chemistry is closely tied to that of rotaxanes and knots, and involves concepts like mechanical bonds, chemical topology and co-conformation that are unique to these molecules. Yet, because of their different topological structures and mechanical bond properties, there are some fundamental differences between the chemistry of catenanes and that of rotaxanes and knots although the boundary is sometimes blurred. Clearly distinguishing these differences, in aspects of bonding, structure, synthesis and properties, between catenanes and other MIMs is therefore of fundamental importance to understand their chemistry and explore the new opportunities from mechanical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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15
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou AD, Symes MD, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion-π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115961. [PMID: 35040543 PMCID: PMC9303940 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of rotaxane‐based anion–π catalysts in which the mechanical bond between a bipyridine macrocycle and an axle containing an NDI unit is intrinsic to the activity observed, including a [3]rotaxane that catalyses an otherwise disfavoured Michael addition in >60 fold selectivity over a competing decarboxylation pathway that dominates under Brønsted base conditions. The results are rationalized by detailed experimental investigations, electrochemical and computational analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R J Maynard
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Athanasios D Stergiou
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mark D Symes
- WestCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Stephen M Goldup
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK
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16
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Tang Y, Luo Y, Xiang J, He Y, Fan Q. Rhodium‐Catalyzed ON‐OFF Switchable Hydrogenation Using a Molecular Shuttle Based on a [2]Rotaxane with a Phosphine Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ping Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Er Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Mei He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing‐Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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17
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Yao B, Sun H, Yang L, Wang S, Liu X. Recent Progress in Light-Driven Molecular Shuttles. Front Chem 2022; 9:832735. [PMID: 35186899 PMCID: PMC8847434 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.832735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular shuttles are typical molecular machines that could be applied in various fields. The motion modes of wheel components in rotaxanes could be strategically modulated by external stimuli, such as pH, ions, solvent, light, and so on. Light is particularly attractive because it is harmless and can be operated in a remote mode and usually no byproducts are formed. Over the past decade, many examples of light-driven molecular shuttles are emerging. Accordingly, this review summarizes the recent research progress of light-driven molecular shuttles. First, the light-driven mechanisms of molecular motions with different functional groups are discussed in detail, which show how to drive photoresponsive or non-photoresponsive molecular shuttles. Subsequently, the practical applications of molecular shuttles in different fields, such as optical information storage, catalysis for organic reactions, drug delivery, and so on, are demonstrated. Finally, the future development of light-driven molecular shuttle is briefly prospected.
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18
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Heard AW, Suárez JM, Goldup SM. Controlling catalyst activity, chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity with the mechanical bond. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:182-196. [PMID: 37117433 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules, such as rotaxanes and catenanes, are receiving increased attention as scaffolds for the development of new catalysts, driven by both their increasing accessibility and high-profile examples of the mechanical bond delivering desirable behaviours and properties. In this Review, we survey recent advances in the catalytic applications of mechanically interlocked molecules organized by the effect of the mechanical bond on key catalytic properties, namely, activity, chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity, and focus on how the mechanically bonded structure leads to the observed behaviour. Our aim is to inspire future investigations of mechanically interlocked catalysts, including those outside of the supramolecular community.
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19
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Maynard JRJ, Galmés B, Stergiou A, Symes M, Frontera A, Goldup SM. Anion‐π Catalysis Enabled by the Mechanical Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Symes
- University of Glasgow Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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20
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Rad N, Sashuk V. A light-gated regulation of the reaction site by a cucurbit[7]uril macrocycle. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12440-12444. [DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02077g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
On–off competitive inhibition is presented. Photoswitchable pseudorotaxane controls the rate of self-reaction and product selectivity of external reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Rad
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Volodymyr Sashuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Perez JDM, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Modulating the Catalytic Activity by the Mechanical Bond: Organocatalysis with Polyamide [2]Rotaxanes bearing a Secondary Amino Function at the Thread. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of the catalytic activity of degenerate succinamide-based [2]rotaxanes by changes at their macrocyclic component is disclosed herein. These systems, bearing an acyclic secondary amine function at the thread...
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22
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Gauthier M, Waelès P, Coutrot F. Post-Synthetic Macrocyclization of Rotaxane Building Blocks. Chempluschem 2021; 87:e202100458. [PMID: 34811956 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although not often encountered, cyclic interlocked molecules are appealing molecular targets because of their restrained tridimensional structure which is related to both the cyclic and interlocked shapes. Interlocked molecules such as rotaxane building blocks may be good candidates for post-synthetic intramolecular cyclization if the preservation of the mechanical bond ensures the interlocked architecture throughout the reaction. This is obviously the case if the modification does not involve the cleavage of either the macrocycle's main chain or the encircled part of the axle. However, among the post-synthetic reactions, the chemical linkage between two reactive sites belonging to embedded elements of rotaxanes still consists of an underexploited route to interlocked cyclic molecules. This Review lists the rare examples of macrocyclization through chemical connection between reactive sites belonging to a surrounding macrocycle and/or an encircled axle of interlocked rotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauthier
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philip Waelès
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Coutrot
- Supramolecular Machines and Architectures Team, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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23
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Schifferer L, Stinglhamer M, Kaur K, Macheño OG. Halides as versatile anions in asymmetric anion-binding organocatalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2270-2286. [PMID: 34621390 PMCID: PMC8450959 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review intends to provide an overview on the role of halide anions in the development of the research area of asymmetric anion-binding organocatalysis. Key early elucidation studies with chloride as counter-anion confirmed this type of alternative activation, which was then exploited in several processes and contributed to the advance and consolidation of anion-binding catalysis as a field. Thus, the use of the halide in the catalyst–anion complex as both a mere counter-anion spectator or an active nucleophile has been depicted, along with the new trends toward additional noncovalent contacts within the HB-donor catalyst and supramolecular interactions to both the anion and the cationic reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schifferer
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Stinglhamer
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Macheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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24
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Olivo G, Capocasa G, Del Giudice D, Lanzalunga O, Di Stefano S. New horizons for catalysis disclosed by supramolecular chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7681-7724. [PMID: 34008654 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of a supramolecular approach in catalysis promises to address a number of unmet challenges, ranging from activity (unlocking of novel reaction pathways) to selectivity (alteration of the innate selectivity of a reaction, e.g. selective functionalization of C-H bonds) and regulation (switch ON/OFF, sequential catalysis, etc.). Supramolecular tools such as reversible association and recognition, pre-organization of reactants and stabilization of transition states upon binding offer a unique chance to achieve the above goals disclosing new horizons whose potential is being increasingly recognized and used, sometimes reaching the degree of ripeness for practical use. This review summarizes the main developments that have opened such new frontiers, with the aim of providing a guide to researchers approaching the field. We focus on artificial supramolecular catalysts of defined stoichiometry which, under homogeneous conditions, unlock outcomes that are highly difficult if not impossible to attain otherwise, namely unnatural reactivity or selectivity and catalysis regulation. The different strategies recently explored in supramolecular catalysis are concisely presented, and, for each one, a single or very few examples is/are described (mainly last 10 years, with only milestone older works discussed). The subject is divided into four sections in light of the key design principle: (i) nanoconfinement of reactants, (ii) recognition-driven catalysis, (iii) catalysis regulation by molecular machines and (iv) processive catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Olivo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Capocasa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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25
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Gómez‐Martínez M, del Carmen Pérez‐Aguilar M, Piekarski DG, Daniliuc CG, García Mancheño O. N,N-Dialkylhydrazones as Versatile Umpolung Reagents in Enantioselective Anion-Binding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5102-5107. [PMID: 33306858 PMCID: PMC7986925 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective anion-binding organocatalytic approach with versatile N,N-dialkylhydrazones (DAHs) as polarity-reversed (umpolung) nucleophiles is presented. For the application of this concept, a highly ordered hydrogen-bond (HB) network between a carefully selected CF3 -substituted triazole-based multidentate HB-donor catalyst, the ionic substrate and the hydrazone in a supramolecular chiral ion-pair complex was envisioned. The formation of such a network was further supported by both experimental and computational studies, which showed the crucial role of the anion as a template unit. The asymmetric Reissert-type reaction of quinolines as a model test reaction chemoselectively delivered highly enantiomerically enriched hydrazones (up 95:5 e.r.) that could be further derivatized to value-added compounds with up to three stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dariusz G. Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry InstituteMünster UniversityCorrensstrasse 36MünsterGermany
- Current affiliation: Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesKasprzaka 44/52, 01-224WarsawPoland
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26
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Gómez‐Martínez M, Carmen Pérez‐Aguilar M, Piekarski DG, Daniliuc CG, García Mancheño O. N
,
N
‐Dialkylhydrazones as Versatile Umpolung Reagents in Enantioselective Anion‐Binding Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dariusz G. Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry Institute Münster University Corrensstrasse 36 Münster Germany
- Current affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute Münster University Corrensstrasse 36 Münster Germany
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27
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Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have gained attention in the field of catalysis due to their unique molecular properties. Central to MIMs, rotaxanes are highly promising and attractive supramolecular catalysts due to their unique three-dimensional structures and the flexibility of their subcomponents. This Minireview discusses the use of rotaxanes in organocatalysis and transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carel Kwamen
- Faculty of ChemistryOrganic Chemistry and Center for NanointegrationDuisburg- Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 745141EssenGermany
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of ChemistryOrganic Chemistry and Center for NanointegrationDuisburg- Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstrasse 745141EssenGermany
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28
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Perez JDM, Puigcerver J, Orlando T, Pastor A, Martins MAP, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Mechanical bonding activation in rotaxane-based organocatalysts. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Interlocked organocatalysts show enhanced catalytic performance when compared with their non-interlocked threads.The ring cooperatively activates the substrates, facilitating the formation and stabilization of catalytically active intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus de Maria Perez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Julio Puigcerver
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Tainara Orlando
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE)
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS
- Brazil
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Marcos A. P. Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE)
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria
- 97105-900 Santa Maria-RS
- Brazil
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
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29
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Da Silva Rodrigues R, Luis ET, Marshall DL, McMurtrie JC, Mullen KM. Hydrazone exchange: a viable route for the solid-tethered synthesis of [2]rotaxanes. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00388g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Using a hydrazone exchange methodology, resin beads were functionalised with [2]rotaxanes at up to 80% efficiency—higher than using other dynamic or irreversible synthetic approaches to form self-assembled structures on solid supports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ena T. Luis
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - David L. Marshall
- Centre for Materials Science
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility
| | - John C. McMurtrie
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
| | - Kathleen M. Mullen
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
- Centre for Materials Science
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30
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Piekarski DG, Steinforth P, Gómez-Martínez M, Bamberger J, Ostler F, Schönhoff M, García Mancheño O. Insight into the Folding and Cooperative Multi-Recognition Mechanism in Supramolecular Anion-Binding Catalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:17598-17603. [PMID: 32881167 PMCID: PMC7839480 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
H-bond donor catalysts able to modulate the reactivity of ionic substrates for asymmetric reactions have gained great attention in the past years, leading to the development of cooperative multidentate H-bonding supramolecular structures. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the forces driving the ion recognition and catalytic performance of these systems. Herein, insight into the cooperativity nature, anion binding strength, and folding mechanism of a model chiral triazole catalyst is presented. Our combined experimental and computational study revealed that multi-interaction catalysts exhibiting weak binding energies (≈3-4 kcal mol-1 ) can effectively recognize ionic substrates and induce chirality, while strong dependencies on the temperature and solvent were quantified. These results are key for the future design of catalysts with optimal anion binding strength and catalytic activity in target reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz G Piekarski
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany.,current address: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pascal Steinforth
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Melania Gómez-Martínez
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Bamberger
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Ostler
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Monika Schönhoff
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Mancheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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31
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Cheng PM, Cai LX, Li SC, Hu SJ, Yan DN, Zhou LP, Sun QF. Guest-Reaction Driven Cage to Conjoined Twin-Cage Mitosis-Like Host Transformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23569-23573. [PMID: 32902925 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report here a guest-reaction-induced mitosis-like host transformation from a known Pd4 L2 cage 1 to a conjoined Pd6 L3 twin-cage 2 featuring two separate cavities. The encapsulation of 1-hydroxymethyl-2-naphthol (G1), a known ortho-quinone methide (o-QMs) precursor, within the hydrophobic cavity of cage 1 is found crucial to realize the cage to twin-cage conversion. Confined G1 molecules within the nanocavity undergo self-coupling dimerization reaction to form 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-dinaphthylmethane (G2) which then triggers the cage to twin-cage mitosis. The same conversion also proceeds, in a much faster rate, via the direct templation of G2, confirming the induced-fit transformation mechanism. The structure of the (G2)2 ⊂2 host-guest complex has been established by X-ray crystallographic study, where cis- to trans- conformational switch on one bridging ligand is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.,College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, PR China
| | - Li-Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Shao-Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shao-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Dan-Ni Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
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32
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Sheng X, Li E, Huang F. Construction of pillar[4]arene[1]quinone-1,10-dibromodecane pseudorotaxanes in solution and in the solid state. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2954-2959. [PMID: 33335603 PMCID: PMC7722622 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report novel pseudorotaxanes based on the complexation between pillar[4]arene[1]quinone and 1,10-dibromodecane. The complexation is found to have a 1:1 host–guest complexation stoichiometry in chloroform but a 2:1 host–guest complexation stoichiometry in the solid state. From single crystal X-ray diffraction, the linear guest molecules thread into cyclic pillar[4]arene[1]quinone host molecules in the solid state, stabilized by CH∙∙∙π interactions and hydrogen bonds. The bromine atoms at the periphery of the guest molecule provide convenience for the further capping of the pseudorotaxanes to construct rotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Errui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.,Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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33
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Del Giudice D, Spatola E, Cacciapaglia R, Casnati A, Baldini L, Ercolani G, Di Stefano S. Time Programmable Locking/Unlocking of the Calix[4]arene Scaffold by Means of Chemical Fuels. Chemistry 2020; 26:14954-14962. [PMID: 32757429 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report that 2-cyano-2-phenylpropanoic acid and its p-Cl, p-CH3 and p-OCH3 derivatives can be used as chemical fuels to control the geometry of the calix[4]arene scaffold in its cone conformation. It is shown that, under the action of the fuel, the cone calix[4]arene platform assumes a "locked" shape with two opposite aromatic rings strongly convergent and the other two strongly divergent ("pinched cone" conformation). Only when the fuel is exhausted, the cone calix[4]arene scaffold returns to its resting, "unlocked" shape. Remarkably, the duration of the "locked" state can be controlled at will by varying the fuel structure or amount. A kinetic study of the process shows that the consume of the fuel is catalyzed by the "unlocked" calixarene that behaves as an autocatalyst for its own production. A mechanism is proposed for the reaction of fuel consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuele Spatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Cacciapaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità, Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Laura Baldini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità, Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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34
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Zhu L, Li J, Yang J, Au-Yeung HY. Cross dehydrogenative C-O coupling catalysed by a catenane-coordinated copper(i). Chem Sci 2020; 11:13008-13014. [PMID: 34094485 PMCID: PMC8163234 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05133k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic activity of copper(i) complexes supported by phenanthroline-containing catenane ligands towards a new C(sp3)–O dehydrogenative cross-coupling of phenols and bromodicarbonyls is reported. As the phenanthrolines are interlocked by the strong and flexible mechanical bond in the catenane, the active catalyst with an open copper coordination site can be revealed only transiently and the stable, coordinatively saturated Cu(i) pre-catalyst is quickly regenerated after substrate transformation. Compared with a control Cu(i) complex supported by non-interlocked phenanthrolines, the catenane-supported Cu(i) is highly efficient with a broad substrate scope, and can be applied in gram-scale transformations without a significant loss of the catalytic activity. This work demonstrates the advantages of the catenane ligands that provide a dynamic and responsive copper coordination sphere, highlighting the potential of the mechanical bond as a design element in transition metal catalyst development. The use of a catenane-supported copper(i) complex for the cross dehydrogenative C–O coupling of phenols and bromodicarbonyls is described.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jiasheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China .,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong P. R. China
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35
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Gholami G, Wilson BH, Zhu K, O'Keefe CA, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Exploring the dynamics of Zr-based metal-organic frameworks containing mechanically interlocked molecular shuttles. Faraday Discuss 2020; 225:358-370. [PMID: 33089860 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00004c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zr(iv) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) UiO-68 and PCN-57, containing triphenylene dicarboxylate (TPDC) and tetramethyl-triphenylene dicarboxylate (TTDC) linkers, respectively, were doped with an H-shaped tetracarboxylate linker that contains a [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle. The new MOFs, UWDM-8 and UWDM-9, contain a [2]rotaxane crossbar spanning the tetrahedral cavities of the fcu topology while the octahedral cavities remain empty. 13C solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectra and solution 1H NMR spectra verified that the [2]rotaxanes were included as designed. Variable-temperature (VT) cross polarization (CP) magic-angle spinning (MAS) 13C SSNMR was used to explore the translational motion of the macrocyclic ring in both MOFs. The SSNMR results clearly show that the structure of the linker (TPDCvs.TTDC) affects the shuttling rate of the macrocyclic ring, although questions remain as to how rotation of the central phenylene unit of the strut might also affect the motion of the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazale Gholami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada.
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36
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Cheng P, Cai L, Li S, Hu S, Yan D, Zhou L, Sun Q. Guest‐Reaction Driven Cage to Conjoined Twin‐Cage Mitosis‐Like Host Transformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei‐Ming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 PR China
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 PR China
| | - Li‐Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 PR China
| | - Shao‐Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Shao‐Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Dan‐Ni Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
| | - Li‐Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 PR China
| | - Qing‐Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 PR China
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37
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Groppi J, Casimiro L, Canton M, Corra S, Jafari‐Nasab M, Tabacchi G, Cavallo L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Fois E, Credi A. Precision Molecular Threading/Dethreading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Martina Canton
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna viale Fanin 44 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Mina Jafari‐Nasab
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Gloria Tabacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTM Università dell'Insubria via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari Università di Bologna viale Fanin 44 40127 Bologna Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician” Università di Bologna via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Ettore Fois
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTM Università dell'Insubria via Valleggio 11 22100 Como Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures Istituto ISOF-CNR via Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari” Università di Bologna viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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38
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Groppi J, Casimiro L, Canton M, Corra S, Jafari‐Nasab M, Tabacchi G, Cavallo L, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Fois E, Credi A. Precision Molecular Threading/Dethreading. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14825-14834. [PMID: 32396687 PMCID: PMC7496742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The general principles guiding the design of molecular machines based on interlocked structures are well known. Nonetheless, the identification of suitable molecular components for a precise tuning of the energetic parameters that determine the mechanical link is still challenging. Indeed, what are the reasons of the "all-or-nothing" effect, which turns a molecular "speed-bump" into a stopper in pseudorotaxane-based architectures? Here we investigate the threading and dethreading processes for a representative class of molecular components, based on symmetric dibenzylammonium axles and dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether, with a joint experimental-computational strategy. From the analysis of quantitative data and an atomistic insight, we derive simple rules correlating the kinetic behaviour with the substitution pattern, and provide rational guidelines for the design of modules to be integrated in molecular switches and motors with sophisticated dynamic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Groppi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
| | - Lorenzo Casimiro
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Martina Canton
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di Bolognaviale del Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Corra
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentariUniversità di Bolognaviale Fanin 4440127BolognaItaly
| | - Mina Jafari‐Nasab
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Gloria Tabacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTMUniversità dell'Insubriavia Valleggio 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis CenterKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955-6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentariUniversità di Bolognaviale Fanin 4440127BolognaItaly
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”Università di Bolognavia Selmi 240126BolognaItaly
| | - Ettore Fois
- Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Tecnologia and INSTMUniversità dell'Insubriavia Valleggio 1122100ComoItaly
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated NanostructuresIstituto ISOF-CNRvia Gobetti 10140129BolognaItaly
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di Bolognaviale del Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
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39
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Grosu IG, Filip X, Miclăuș MO, Filip C. Hydrogen-Mediated Noncovalent Interactions in Solids: What Can NMR Crystallography Tell About? Molecules 2020; 25:E3757. [PMID: 32824749 PMCID: PMC7463941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen atoms play a crucial role in the aggregation of organic (bio)molecules through diverse number of noncovalent interactions that they mediate, such as electrostatic in proton transfer systems, hydrogen bonding, and CH-π interactions, to mention only the most prominent. To identify and adequately describe such low-energy interactions, increasingly sensitive methods have been developed over time, among which quantum chemical computations have witnessed impressive advances in recent years. For reaching the present state-of-the-art, computations had to rely on a pool of relevant experimental data, needed at least for validation, if not also for other purposes. In the case of molecular crystals, the best illustration for the synergy between computations and experiment is given by the so-called NMR crystallography approach. Originally designed to increase the confidence level in crystal structure determination of organic compounds from powders, NMR crystallography is able now to offer also a wealth of information regarding the noncovalent interactions that drive molecules to pack in a given crystalline pattern or another. This is particularly true for the noncovalent interactions which depend on the exact location of labile hydrogen atoms in the system: in such cases, NMR crystallography represents a valuable characterization tool, in some cases complementing even the standard single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. A concise introduction in the field is made in this mini-review, which is aimed at providing a comprehensive picture with respect to the current accuracy level reached by NMR crystallography in the characterization of hydrogen-mediated noncovalent interactions in organic solids. Different types of practical applications are illustrated with the example of molecular crystals studied by our research group, but references to other representative developments reported in the literature are also made. By summarizing the major concepts and methodological progresses, the present work is also intended to be a guide to the practical potential of this relatively recent analytical tool for the scientists working in areas where crystal engineering represents the main approach for rational design of novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Claudiu Filip
- National Institute for R&D of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 400293 Cluj, Romania; (I.G.G.); (X.F.); (M.O.M.)
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40
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Martinez-Cuezva A, Saura-Sanmartin A, Alajarin M, Berna J. Mechanically Interlocked Catalysts for Asymmetric Synthesis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Quı́mica, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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41
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Zhang D, Ronson TK, Xu L, Nitschke JR. Transformation Network Culminating in a Heteroleptic Cd 6L 6L' 2 Twisted Trigonal Prism. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9152-9157. [PMID: 32357009 PMCID: PMC7243256 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transformations between three-dimensional metallosupramolecular assemblies can enable switching between the different functions of these structures. Here we report a network of such transformations, based upon a subcomponent displacement strategy. The flow through this network is directed by the relative reactivities of different amines, aldehydes, and di(2-pyridyl)ketone. The network provides access to an unprecedented heteroleptic Cd6L6L'2 twisted trigonal prism. The principles underpinning this network thus allow for the design of diverse structural transformations, converting one helicate into another, a helicate into a tetrahedron, a tetrahedron into a different tetrahedron, and a tetrahedron into the new trigonal prismatic structure type. The selective conversion from one host to another also enabled the uptake of a desired guest from a mixture of guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
| | - Lin Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East
China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United
Kingdom
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42
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Kauerhof D, Niemeyer J. Functionalized Macrocycles in Supramolecular Organocatalysis. Chempluschem 2020; 85:889-899. [PMID: 32391655 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular organocatalysis has emerged as a novel research field in the context of homogeneous catalysis. In particular, the use of functionalized macrocycles as supramolecular catalysts is highly promising, as these systems are oftentimes easily accessible and offer distinct advantages in catalysis. Macrocyclic catalysts can provide defined binding pockets, such as hydrophobic cavities, and can thus create a reaction microenvironment for catalysis. In addition, macrocycles can offer a preorganized arrangement of functional groups, such as binding sites or catalytically active groups, thus enabling a defined and possibly multivalent binding and activation of substrates. The aim of this Minireview is to provide an overview of recent advances in the area of supramolecular organocatalysis based on functionalized macrocycles (including cyclodextrins, calixarenes, and resorcinarenes), with a focus on those examples where certain catalytically active groups (such as hydrogen bond donors/acceptors, Brønsted acid or base groups, or nucleophilic units) are present in or have been installed on the macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kauerhof
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Jochen Niemeyer
- Faculty of Chemistry (Organic Chemistry) and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 7, 45141, Essen, Germany
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43
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Hsueh F, Tsai C, Lai C, Liu Y, Peng S, Chiu S. N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Rotaxanes Mediate Sequential Click Ligations with All Reagents Premixed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang‐Che Hsueh
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chi‐You Tsai
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shie‐Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sheng‐Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei Taiwan
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44
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Hsueh FC, Tsai CY, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Rotaxanes Mediate Sequential Click Ligations with All Reagents Premixed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11278-11282. [PMID: 32249512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared NHC-CuI complexes with a rotaxane structure and used them as sterically sensitive catalysts for one-pot sequential copper-catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloadditions in solutions containing all of the coupling partners premixed in unprotected form. Most notably, a photolabile and sterically encumbered complex first catalyzed the coupling of a less bulky azide/alkyne pair; after removing the protective macrocyclic component from the rotaxane structure, through irradiation with light, the exposed dumbbell-shaped NHC-CuI complex catalyzed the second click reaction of a bulkier azide/alkyne pair. Using this approach, we obtained predominantly, from a single sealed pot, a bis-triazole product (84 %) from a mixture of two sterically distinct azides and a diyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Che Hsueh
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-You Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University and Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Ming Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsien Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Xu L, Zhang D, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Improved Acid Resistance of a Metal-Organic Cage Enables Cargo Release and Exchange between Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7435-7438. [PMID: 32073709 PMCID: PMC7217015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of di(2-pyridyl)ketone in subcomponent self-assembly is introduced. When combined with a flexible triamine and zinc bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, this ketone formed a new Zn4 L4 tetrahedron 1 bearing twelve uncoordinated pyridyl units around its metal-ion vertices. The acid stability of 1 was found to be greater than that of the analogous tetrahedron 2 built from 2-formylpyridine. Intriguingly, the peripheral presence of additional pyridine rings in 1 resulted in distinct guest binding behavior from that of 2, affecting guest scope as well as binding affinities. The different stabilities and guest affinities of capsules 1 and 2 enabled the design of systems whereby different cargoes could be moved between cages using acid and base as chemical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University3663 N. Zhongshan RoadShanghai200062P. R. China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeLensfield RoadCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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46
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Knighton RC, Dapin S, Beer PD. Luminescent Anion Sensing by Transition-Metal Dipyridylbenzene Complexes Incorporated into Acyclic, Macrocyclic and Interlocked Hosts. Chemistry 2020; 26:5288-5296. [PMID: 32130744 PMCID: PMC7216984 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel acyclic, macrocyclic and mechanically interlocked luminescent anion sensors have been prepared by incorporation of the isophthalamide motif into dipyridylbenzene to obtain cyclometallated complexes of platinum(II) and ruthenium(II). Both the acyclic and macrocyclic derivatives 7⋅Pt, 7⋅Ru⋅PF6 , 10⋅Pt and 10⋅Ru⋅PF6 are effective sensors for a range of halides and oxoanions. The near-infra red emitting ruthenium congeners exhibited an increased binding strength compared to platinum due to the cationic charge and thus additional electrostatic interactions. Intramolecular hydrogen-bonding between the dipyridylbenzene ligand and the amide carbonyls increases the preorganisation of both acyclic and macrocyclic metal derivatives resulting in no discernible macrocyclic effect. Interlocked analogues were also prepared, and preliminary luminescent chloride anion spectrometric titrations with 12⋅Ru⋅(PF6 )2 demonstrate a marked increase in halide binding affinity due to the complementary chloride binding pocket of the [2]rotaxane. 1 H NMR binding titrations indicate the interlocked dicationic receptor is capable of chloride recognition even in competitive 30 % aqueous mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Dapin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Paul D. Beer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordMansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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47
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Heard AW, Goldup SM. Synthesis of a Mechanically Planar Chiral Rotaxane Ligand for Enantioselective Catalysis. Chem 2020; 6:994-1006. [PMID: 32309674 PMCID: PMC7153771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rotaxanes are interlocked molecules in which a molecular ring is trapped on a dumbbell-shaped axle because of its inability to escape over the bulky end groups, resulting in a so-called mechanical bond. Interlocked molecules have mainly been studied as components of molecular machines, but the crowded, flexible environment created by threading one molecule through another has also been explored in catalysis and sensing. However, so far, the applications of one of the most intriguing properties of interlocked molecules, their ability to display stereogenic units that do not rely on the stereochemistry of their covalent subunits, termed "mechanical chirality," have yet to be properly explored, and prototypical demonstration of the applications of mechanically chiral rotaxanes remain scarce. Here, we describe a mechanically planar chiral rotaxane-based Au complex that mediates a cyclopropanation reaction with stereoselectivities that are comparable with the best conventional covalent catalyst reported for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W. Heard
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Stephen M. Goldup
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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48
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Xu L, Zhang D, Ronson TK, Nitschke JR. Improved Acid Resistance of a Metal–Organic Cage Enables Cargo Release and Exchange between Hosts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical ProcessesSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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49
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Calles M, Puigcerver J, Alonso DA, Alajarin M, Martinez-Cuezva A, Berna J. Enhancing the selectivity of prolinamide organocatalysts using the mechanical bond in [2]rotaxanes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3629-3635. [PMID: 34094051 PMCID: PMC8152698 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00444h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a pair of switchable interlocked prolinamides and their use as organocatalysts in three different enamine-activated processes are reported. A diacylaminopyridine moiety was incorporated into the thread for directing [2]rotaxane formation further allowing the association of complementary small molecules. The rotaxane-based systems were tested as organocatalysts in asymmetric enamine-mediated processes, revealing a significantly improved catalytic ability if compared with the non-interlocked thread. The presence of an electron-withdrawing nitro group at the macrocycle helps to achieve high conversions and enantioselectivities. These systems are able to interact with N-hexylthymine as a cofactor to form supramolecular catalysts displaying a divergent catalytic behaviour. The presence or absence of the cofactor controls the chemoselectivity in competitive reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Calles
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia E-30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Julio Puigcerver
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia E-30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Diego A Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante E-03080 Alicante Spain
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia E-30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia E-30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia E-30100 Murcia Spain
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50
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Grewal S, Roy S, Kumar H, Saraswat M, Bari NK, Sinha S, Venkataramani S. Temporal control in tritylation reactions through light-driven variation in chloride ion binding catalysis – a proof of concept. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A proof-of-concept on temporal control in the tritylation reactions has been demonstrated using a designed tripodal triazole-linked azo(hetero)arene-based photoswitchable catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Grewal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Naimat K. Bari
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST)
- Mohali-160 062
- India
| | - Sharmistha Sinha
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST)
- Mohali-160 062
- India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
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