1
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Sharma PK, Jana P, Bandyopadhyay S, Das S. Cyano disubstituted tetrabenzoindeno[2,1- a]fluorene: open-shell or closed-shell? Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7319-7322. [PMID: 38742625 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00683f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Organic diradicaloids have lately emerged as potential spintronic materials. We report the unprecedented synthesis of a near-IR absorbing indeno[2,1-a]fluorene derivative that displays remarkably low LUMO (-4.15 eV) and a small HOMO-LUMO gap (0.85 eV). NMR/EPR studies indicated its open-shell diradical property, which was supported by DFT calculations while suggesting a 30% diradical character and a small singlet (S)-triplet (T) gap (-2.52 kcal mol-1). A large bond length alternation of the as-indacene core for its single-crystals indicated a quinoidal contribution with greater antiaromaticity, which is in line with the small diradical character despite showing a small S-T gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
| | - Palash Jana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India.
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2
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Mishra S, Vilas-Varela M, Lieske LA, Ortiz R, Fatayer S, Rončević I, Albrecht F, Frederiksen T, Peña D, Gross L. Bistability between π-diradical open-shell and closed-shell states in indeno[1,2-a]fluorene. Nat Chem 2024; 16:755-761. [PMID: 38332330 PMCID: PMC11087267 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01431-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Indenofluorenes are non-benzenoid conjugated hydrocarbons that have received great interest owing to their unusual electronic structure and potential applications in nonlinear optics and photovoltaics. Here we report the generation of unsubstituted indeno[1,2-a]fluorene on various surfaces by the cleavage of two C-H bonds in 7,12-dihydroindeno[1,2-a]fluorene through voltage pulses applied by the tip of a combined scanning tunnelling microscope and atomic force microscope. On bilayer NaCl on Au(111), indeno[1,2-a]fluorene is in the neutral charge state, but it exhibits charge bistability between neutral and anionic states on the lower-workfunction surfaces of bilayer NaCl on Ag(111) and Cu(111). In the neutral state, indeno[1,2-a]fluorene exhibits one of two ground states: an open-shell π-diradical state, predicted to be a triplet by density functional and multireference many-body perturbation theory calculations, or a closed-shell state with a para-quinodimethane moiety in the as-indacene core. We observe switching between open- and closed-shell states of a single molecule by changing its adsorption site on NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Ortiz
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Shadi Fatayer
- Applied Physics Program, Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Igor Rončević
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Thomas Frederiksen
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Center for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CiQUS) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research Europe - Zurich, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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3
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Gazdag T, Meiszter E, Mayer PJ, Holczbauer T, Ottosson H, Maurer AB, Abrahamsson M, London G. An Exploration of Substituent Effects on the Photophysical Properties of Monobenzopentalenes. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300737. [PMID: 38284145 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Monobenzopentalenes have received moderate attention compared to dibenzopentalenes, yet their accessibility as stable, non-symmetric structures with diverse substituents could be interesting for materials applications, including molecular photonics. Recently, monobenzopentalene was considered computationally as a potential chromophore for singlet fission (SF) photovoltaics. To advance this compound class towards photonics applications, the excited state energetics must be characterized, computationally and experimentally. In this report we synthesized a series of stable substituted monobenzopentalenes and provided the first experimental exploration of their photophysical properties. Structural and opto-electronic characterization revealed that all derivatives showed 1H NMR shifts in the olefinic region, bond length alternation in the pentalene unit, low-intensity absorptions reflecting the ground-state antiaromatic character and in turn the symmetry forbidden HOMO-to-LUMO transitions of ~2 eV and redox amphotericity. This was also supported by computed aromaticity indices (NICS, ACID, HOMA). Accordingly, substituents did not affect the fulfilment of the energetic criterion of SF, as the computed excited-state energy levels satisfied the required E(S1)/E(T1)>2 relationship. Further spectroscopic measurements revealed a concentration dependent quenching of the excited state and population of the S2 state on the nanosecond timescale, providing initial evidence for unusual photophysics and an alternative entry point for singlet fission with monobenzopentalenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gazdag
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Enikő Meiszter
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter J Mayer
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala, 751 20, Sweden
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Chemical Crystallography Research Laboratory and Stereochemistry Research Group, Institute for Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala, 751 20, Sweden
| | - Andrew B Maurer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Maria Abrahamsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden
| | - Gábor London
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117, Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
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4
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Hulley EB, Clennan EL. Dihydrophenanthrene Open-Shell Singlet Diradicals and Their Roles in the Mallory Photocyclization Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1122-1131. [PMID: 38163932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A computational study (ωB97X-D/6-31G(d)) of the Mallory photocyclization reaction has revealed that the well-established dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) intermediates can adopt either closed-shell (CS) or open-shell-diradical (OS) singlet ground states. A detailed study of the properties of DHPs allowed their classifications as OS, borderline-OS, borderline-CS, or CS intermediates. The triplet electronic state and higher energy CS* isomer of all the OS singlet diradicals were computationally located, and the expected relationship between the diradical index, yo, and the triplet energy and the OS-CS* energy gaps was established. The importance of aromaticity in stabilizing the OS singlet diradicals was confirmed by using the Harmonic Oscillator Model of Aromaticity (HOMA). The thermal decompositions of DHPs by cycloreversions to regenerate the Mallory starting materials were also studied. The cycloreversion mechanism was described as a homolytic cleavage characterized by an anchimeric assistance continuum promoted by bis-β-homolytic cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott B Hulley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Edward L Clennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
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5
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Abdurahman A, Shen L, Wang J, Niu M, Li P, Peng Q, Wang J, Lu G. A highly efficient open-shell singlet luminescent diradical with strong magnetoluminescence properties. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:272. [PMID: 37963871 PMCID: PMC10645991 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing open-shell singlet (OS) diradicals with high luminescent properties and exceptional single-molecule magnetoluminescence (ML) performance is extremely challenging. Herein, we propose a concept to enhance luminescent efficiency by adjusting the donor conjugation of OS diradicals, thereby achieving a highly luminescent diradical, DR1, with outstanding stability and making it a viable option for use in the emitting layer of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). More importantly, the 0.5 wt%-DR1 doped film demonstrates significant single-molecule magnetoluminescence (ML) properties. A giant ML value of 210% is achieved at a magnetic field of 7 T, showing the great potential of DR1 in magneto-optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alim Abdurahman
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Li Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Meiling Niu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, China.
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6
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Sudhakaran KP, Benny A, John AT, Hariharan M. Exploring the influence of graphene on antiaromaticity of pentalene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:26986-26990. [PMID: 37812393 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02760k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical investigations on the influence of graphene fragments on the antiaromaticity of pentalene are conducted by employing multiple aromaticity descriptors based on magnetic, geometric and electronic criteria. NICS as a sole descriptor for analysing the antiaromaticity of pentalene on graphene fragments has to be carefully considered while looking through the other aromaticity indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthy P Sudhakaran
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Alfy Benny
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Athira T John
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India.
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7
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Mizuno Y, Nogata A, Suzuki M, Nakayama KI, Hisaki I, Kishi R, Konishi A, Yasuda M. Synthesis and Characterization of Dibenzothieno[ a, f]pentalenes Enabling Large Antiaromaticity and Moderate Open-Shell Character through a Small Energy Barrier for Bond-Shift Valence Tautomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20595-20609. [PMID: 37695346 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical rationalization of bond-shift valence tautomerization, characterized by double-well potential surfaces, is one of the most challenging topics of study among the rich electronic properties of antiaromatic molecules. Although the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect (PJTE) is an essential effect to provide attractive characteristics of 4nπ systems, an understanding of the structure-property relationship derived from the PJTE for planar 4nπ electron systems is still in its infancy. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two regioisomers of the thiophene-fused diareno[a,f]pentalenes 6 and 7. The magnetic and optoelectronic properties characterize these sulfur-doped diareno[a,f]pentalenes as open-shell antiaromatic molecules, in sharp contrast to the closed-shell antiaromatic systems of 3 and 5, in which these main cores consist of the same number of π electrons as 6 and 7. Notably, thiophene-fused 6b and 7b showed pronounced antiaromaticity, the strongest among the previous systems, as well as moderate open-shell characteristics. Our experimental and theoretical investigations concluded that these properties of 6b and 7b are derived from the small energy barrier Ea‡ for the bond-shift valence tautomerization. The energy profile of the single crystal of 6b showed the temperature-dependent structural variations assigned to the dynamic mutual exchange between the two Cs-symmetric structures, which was also supported by changes in the chemical shifts of variable-temperature 1H NMR spectra in the solution phase. Both experimental and computational results revealed the importance of introducing heteroaromatic rings into 4nπ systems for controlling the PJTE and manifesting the antiaromatic and open-shell natures originating from the high-symmetric structure. The findings of this study advance the understanding of antiaromaticity characterized by the PJTE by controlling the energy barrier for bond-shift valence tautomerizations, potentially leading to the rational design of optoelectronic devices based on novel antiaromatic molecules possessing the strong contributions of their high-symmetric geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Nogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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8
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Han Y, Zhu J, Dong S, Eng Y, Tao T, Gopalakrishna TY, Chi C. Bisazapentalene Dication: Global Aromaticity and Open-Shell Singlet Ground State. Org Lett 2023; 25:3380-3385. [PMID: 37162270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Antiaromatic moieties fused in polycyclic π-conjugated molecules usually exhibit strong localized antiaromaticiy. Herein, we reported the synthesis and properties of a bisazapentalene dication (BAP2+) obtained from in situ two-electron oxidation of neutral species 8. Noteworthily, it possesses global aromaticity and an open-shell singlet ground state. This study underlines the importance of heteroatoms in determining the delocalization of π-electrons and the aromaticity of molecules in their oxidized states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yijie Eng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Tao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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9
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Abdurahman A, Wang J, Zhao Y, Li P, Shen L, Peng Q. A Highly Stable Organic Luminescent Diradical. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300772. [PMID: 36781392 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
It is very challenging to obtain stable room-temperature luminescent open-shell singlet diradicals. Herein we report the first stable Müller's hydrocarbon TTM-PhTTM with luminescent properties. Variable-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations show that TTM-PhTTM has an open-shell singlet ground state with a diradical character of 90 %. Because of a small singlet-triplet energy gap, the open-shell singlet ground state can be thermally excited to a triplet state. TTM-PhTTM shows room-temperature deep-red emission in various solutions. Unusually high stability of TTM-PhTTM was also observed owing to effective steric hindrance and spin delocalization. Our results are beneficial to the rational design and discovery of more stable luminescent diradical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alim Abdurahman
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Li Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China
| | - Qiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
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10
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Kato M, Kim J, Oh J, Shimizu D, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Near-Infrared-Responsive Hydrocarbons Designed by π-Extension of Indeno[1,2,3,4-pgra]perylene at the 1,2,12-Positions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300249. [PMID: 36705165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the overall electronic structure of π-conjugated molecules and the arrangement of their constituent elements is of fundamental importance. Establishing rational design guidelines for conjugated hydrocarbons with narrow HOMO-LUMO gaps is useful to develop near-infrared (NIR) responsive dyes and redox-active materials. This study describes the synthesis and properties of three conjugated hydrocarbons, i. e., an indenonaphthoperylene, an indenoterrylene, and a diindenoterrylene. These molecules exhibit NIR absorption despite the absence of significant antiaromaticity and diradical character. Notably, the indenonaphthoperylene exhibits red-to-NIR emission in the 620-850 nm region. The indenoterrylene and the diindenoterrylene exhibit NIR absorption tailing to 870 and 940 nm, respectively. Moreover, the effect of the π-extension of indenoperylene is disclosed in order to propose guidelines for achieving a narrow HOMO-LUMO gap with negligible antiaromaticity and diradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juwon Oh
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and, Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Chemistry and, Department of ICT Environmental Health System, Soonchunhyang University, 31538, Asan, Korea
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 332-0012, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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Mayer P, London G. Stable Monoareno-pentalenes with Two Olefinic Protons. Org Lett 2022; 25:42-46. [PMID: 36576234 PMCID: PMC9841605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of stable monoareno-pentalenes is introduced that have an olefinic proton on each five-membered ring of the pentalene subunit. Their synthesis was accomplished via a regioselective carbopalladation cascade reaction between ortho-arylacetyleno gem-dibromoolefins and TIPS-acetylene. These molecules could be experimental probes of magnetic (anti)aromaticity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter
J. Mayer
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2., Budapest, 1117, Hungary,Institute
of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich tér 1., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Gábor London
- MTA
TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for
Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt 2., Budapest, 1117, Hungary,E-mail:
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12
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Moles Quintero S, Haley MM, Kertesz M, Casado J. Polycyclic Hydrocarbons from [4n]Annulenes: Correlation versus Hybridization Forces in the Formation of Diradicaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209138. [PMID: 35986661 PMCID: PMC9826091 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The conceptual connections between [4n] Hückel antiaromaticity, disjoint orbitals, correlation energy, pro-aromaticity and diradical character for a variety of extended π-conjugated systems, including some salient recent examples of nanographenes and polycyclic aromatic radicals, are provided based on their [4n]annulene peripheries. The realization of such structure-property relationships has led to a beneficial pedagogic exercise establishing design guidelines for diradicaloids. The antiaromatic fingerprint of the [4n]annulene peripheries upon orbital interactions due to internal covalent connectors gives insights into the diradicaloid property of a diversity of π-conjugated molecules that have fascinated chemists recently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science InstituteUniversity of OregonEugeneOR 97403-1253USA
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Soft MatterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDC 20057-1227USA
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Málaga29071MálagaSpain
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13
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Quintero SM, Haley MM, Kertesz M, Casado J. Polycyclic Hydrocarbons from [4n]annulenes: Correlation vs. Hybridization Forces in the Formation of Diradicaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Moles Quintero
- University of Malaga: Universidad de Malaga Department of Physical Chemistry Facultad de CienciasCampus de Teatinos 29071 Málaga SPAIN
| | - Michael M. Haley
- University of Oregon Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Materials Science Institute UNITED STATES
| | - Miklos Kertesz
- Georgetown University Department of Chemistry and Institute of Soft Matter SPAIN
| | - Juan Casado
- University of Málaga Dept. of Physical Chemistry Campus de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga SPAIN
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14
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Kalapos PP, Mayer PJ, Gazdag T, Demeter A, Oruganti B, Durbeej B, London G. Photoswitching of Local (Anti)Aromaticity in Biphenylene-Based Diarylethene Molecular Switches. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9532-9542. [PMID: 35849785 PMCID: PMC9361354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Photoinduced tuning of (anti)aromaticity and associated
molecular
properties is currently in the focus of attention for both tailoring
photochemical reactivity and designing new materials. Here, we report
on the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of diarylethene-based
molecular switches embedded in a biphenylene structure composed of
rings with different levels of local (anti)aromaticity. We show that
it is possible to modulate and control the (anti)aromatic character
of each ring through reversible photoswitching of the aryl units of
the system between open and closed forms. Remarkably, it is shown
that the irreversible formation of an annulated bis(dihydro-thiopyran)
side-product that hampers the photoswitching can be efficiently suppressed
when the aryl core formed by thienyl groups in one switch is replaced
by thiazolyl groups in another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pál Kalapos
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter J Mayer
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gazdag
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/a, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Attila Demeter
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Baswanth Oruganti
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-45041 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, IFM, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gábor London
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Ukai S, Takamatsu A, Nobuoka M, Tsutsui Y, Fukui N, Ogi S, Seki S, Yamaguchi S, Shinokubo H. A Supramolecular Polymer Constituted of Antiaromatic Ni
II
Norcorroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Ukai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Aiko Takamatsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Masaki Nobuoka
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of, Engineering Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of, Engineering Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of, Engineering Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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16
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Horii K, Nogata A, Mizuno Y, Iwasa H, Suzuki M, Nakayama KI, Konishi A, Yasuda M. Synthesis and Characterization of Dinaphtho[2,1-a:2,3-f]pentalene: A Stable Antiaromatic/Quinoidal Hydrocarbon Showing Appropriate Carrier Mobility in the Amorphous Layer. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Horii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Nogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruna Iwasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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17
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Kato M, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Synthesis of Dibenzo[h,t]rubicene through Its Internally Dimethoxy-Substituted Precursor. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603
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18
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Esser B, Wössner JS, Hermann M. Conjugated Nanohoops with Dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes as Non-alternant and Antiaromatic π-Systems. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1740-7139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops are excellent candidates to study structure-property relationships, as optoelectronic materials and as hosts for supramolecular chemistry. While carbon nanohoops containing aromatics are well studied, antiaromatic units had not been incorporated until recently by our group using dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP). The non-alternant electronic character of the DBP units significantly influences the optoelectronic properties of such nanohoops. We herein summarize our synthetic strategies to DBP-containing nanohoops, their structural and electronic properties, chirality and host-guest chemistry. We demonstrate how incorporating antiaromatic units leads to unique properties and opens new synthetic avenues, making such nanohoops attractive as potential electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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19
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Xu T, Han Y, Shen Z, Hou X, Jiang Q, Zeng W, Ng PW, Chi C. Antiaromatic Dicyclopenta[ b,g]/[ a,f]naphthalene Isomers Showing an Open-Shell Singlet Ground State with Tunable Diradical Character. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20562-20568. [PMID: 34843229 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the first isolation of 1,3,5,7-tetra-tert-butyl-s-indacene in 1986, core-expanded s- and as-indacenes have attracted intensive interest. However, there is no reported synthesis of such type of molecules due to their high reactivity for over 30 years. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of two relatively stable, core-expanded indacene isomers, dicyclopenta[b,g]-naphthalene (5) and dicyclopenta[a,f]naphthalene (6). X-ray crystallographic analyses reveal that the backbone of 5 adopts a bond-delocalized structure, while that of 6 exhibits a bond-localized character. Variable-temperature 1H NMR/ESR measurements, electronic absorption spectra, and theoretical calculations confirm that both molecules are globally antiaromatic and have an open-shell singlet ground state. However, 6 shows stronger antiaromaticity, a larger diradical character (y0 = 48%), and a smaller singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T = -0.99 kcal mol-1) compared to 5 (y0 = 30%, ΔES-T = -6.88 kcal mol-1), which can be explained by their different quinoidal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhongjin Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xudong Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Wen Ng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Ukai S, Takamatsu A, Nobuoka M, Tsutsui Y, Fukui N, Ogi S, Seki S, Yamaguchi S, Shinokubo H. A Supramolecular Polymer Constituted of Antiaromatic Ni II Norcorroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114230. [PMID: 34862699 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
For the creation of next-generation organic electronic materials, the integration of π-systems has recently become a central theme. Such functional materials can be assembled by supramolecular polymerization when aromatic π-systems are used as monomers, and the properties of the resulting supramolecular polymer strongly depend on the electronic structure of the monomers. Here, we demonstrate the construction of a supramolecular polymer consisting of an antiaromatic π-system as the monomer. An amide-functionalized NiII norcorrole derivative formed a one-dimensional supramolecular polymer through π-π stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions, ensuring the persistency of the conducting pathway against thermal perturbation, which results in higher charge mobility along the tightly bound linear aggregates than that of the aromatic analogue composed of ZnII porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Ukai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Aiko Takamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Masaki Nobuoka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of, Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of, Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of, Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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21
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Kato M, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Indeno[1,2,3,4-pqra]Perylene: A Medium-Sized Aromatic Hydrocarbon Exhibiting Full-Range Visible-Light Absorption. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103647. [PMID: 34787346 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and properties of indeno[1,2,3,4-pqra]perylene, which was prepared by the fusion of one anthracene unit with one naphthalene unit via three carbon-carbon bonds. The synthetic route through two-fold C-H arylation enabled not only the synthesis of unsubstituted indenoperylene, but also rapid access to its arylated derivatives on the gram scale. Indenoperylene is a medium-sized aromatic hydrocarbon with the composition C24 H12 that is isomeric to coronene. Nevertheless, its absorption covers the entire visible region owing to its small HOMO-LUMO gap. Furthermore, indenoperylene exhibits high stability despite the absence of peripheral substituents. We propose that the unique electronic structure of indenoperylene originates from the coexistence of an electron-withdrawing subunit (benzoaceanthrylene) and an electron-donating subunit (perylene). The electronic properties of indenoperylene were modulated via post-functionalization through regioselective bromination. The current research demonstrates that indenoperylene is a promising candidate as a main skeleton for near-infrared-responsive and redox-active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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22
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Khamatgalimov AR, Petrovicheva IV, Kovalenko VI. Radical character of non-IPR isomer 28324 of C80 fullerene. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Anjalikrishna PK, Gadre SR, Suresh CH. Antiaromaticity-Aromaticity Interplay in Fused Benzenoid Systems Using Molecular Electrostatic Potential Topology. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5999-6012. [PMID: 34210140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of antiaromaticity-aromaticity interplay in aromatic-antiaromatic (A-aA)-fused systems is studied using molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) analysis, which clearly brings out the electron-rich π-regions of molecular systems. Benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene are the aromatic units and cyclobutadiene and pentalene are the antiaromatic units considered to construct the A-aA-fused systems. The fused system is seen to reduce the antiaromaticity by adopting a configuration containing the least number of localized bonds over antiaromatic moieties. This is clearly observed in 25 isomers of a fused system composed of three naphthalene and two cyclobutadiene units. Denoting the number of π-bonds in the cyclobutadiene rings by the notation (n, n'), the systems belonging to the class (0, 0) and (2, 2) turn out to be the most and least stable configurations, respectively. The stability of the fused system depends on the empty π-character of the antiaromatic ring, hence naphthalene and benzene prefer to fuse with cyclobutadiene in a linear and angular fashion, respectively. Generally, a configuration with the maximum number of 'empty' rings (0, 0, 0, ...) is considered to be the most stable for the given A-aA system. The stability and aromatic/antiaromatic character of A-aA-fused systems with pentalene is also interpreted in a similar way. MESP topology, clearly bringing out the distribution of double bonds in the fused systems, leads to a simple interpretation of the aromatic/antiaromatic character of them. Also, it leads to powerful predictions on stable macrocyclic A-aA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthannur K Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shridhar R Gadre
- Department of Scientific Computing, Modelling and Simulation, SavitribaiPhule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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24
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Nakazato T, Takekoshi H, Sakurai T, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Synthesis and Characterization of 16π Antiaromatic 2,7-Dihydrodiazapyrenes: Antiaromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons with Embedded Nitrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13877-13881. [PMID: 33847045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe the two-electron reduction of N,N'-dimethyl-2,7-diazapyrenium dications (MDAP2+ ), which afforded the corresponding reduced form (MDAP0 ) as a highly electron-rich 16π antiaromatic system. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of MDAP0 revealed a distorted quinoidal structure with high bond-length alternation. The 1 H NMR spectrum of MDAP0 exhibited a diagnostic proton signal (4.6 ppm) that is distinctly upfield shifted compared to that of aromatic diazapyrene (8.3 ppm). Theoretical calculations supported the existence of a paratropic ring current. These results indicate that MDAP0 exhibits antiaromatic character derived from its peripheral 16π-electron conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakazato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Haruka Takekoshi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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25
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Nishimoto Y, Yasuda M, Wang F, Yi J. Homologation of Alkyl Acetates, Alkyl Ethers, Acetals, and Ketals by Formal Insertion of Diazo Compounds into a Carbon–Carbon Bond. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1523-1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHomologation of alkyl acetates, alkyl ethers, acetals, and ketals was accomplished via formal insertion of diazo esters into carbon–carbon σ-bonds. The combined Lewis acid InI3 with Me3SiBr catalyzed the homologation of alkyl acetates and alkyl ethers. That of acetals and ketals was catalyzed solely by the use of InBr3. The key point of the homologation mechanism is that the indium-based Lewis acids have the appropriate amount of Lewis acidity to achieve both the abstraction and release of leaving groups. The abstraction of a leaving group by an indium-based Lewis acid and the electrophilic addition of carbocation or oxonium intermediates to diazo esters followed by the rearrangement of carbon substituents provide the corresponding cation intermediates. Finally, the leaving group that is captured by the Lewis acid bonds with cation intermediates to furnish the homologated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Junyi Yi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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26
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Nishimoto Y. Analytic gradients for restricted active space second-order perturbation theory (RASPT2). J Chem Phys 2021; 154:194103. [PMID: 34240887 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The computational cost of analytic derivatives in multireference perturbation theory is strongly affected by the size of the active space employed in the reference self-consistent field calculation. To overcome previous limits on the active space size, the analytic gradients of single-state restricted active space second-order perturbation theory (RASPT2) and its complete active space second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2) have been developed and implemented in a local version of OpenMolcas. Similar to previous implementations of CASPT2, the RASPT2 implementation employs the Lagrangian or Z-vector method. The numerical results show that restricted active spaces with up to 20 electrons in 20 orbitals can now be employed for geometry optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nishimoto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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27
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Nakazato T, Takekoshi H, Sakurai T, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Synthesis and Characterization of 16π Antiaromatic 2,7‐Dihydrodiazapyrenes: Antiaromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons with Embedded Nitrogen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakazato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Haruka Takekoshi
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Takahiro Sakurai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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28
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Konishi A, Horii K, Iwasa H, Okada Y, Kishi R, Nakano M, Yasuda M. Characterization of Benzo[a]naphtho[2,3-f]pentalene: Interrelation between Open-shell and Antiaromatic Characters Governed by Mode of the Quinoidal Subunit and Molecular Symmetry. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1553-1561. [PMID: 33861497 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The singlet open-shell character and antiaromaticity are intriguing features in π-conjugated carbocycles. These two exhibit similar chemical and physical properties. However, they rarely coexist in the same molecule. Understanding the interrelation between the open-shell and antiaromatic characteristics in the same molecule is crucial to control the electronic properties. Herein we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new member of diareno[a,f]pentalene, benzo[a]naphtho[2,3-f]pentalene 6. Unlike its isomer 5 with a closed-shell ground state, 6 exhibits an appreciable open-shell character and a moderate antiaromatic feature. The behaviors of the open-shell index (y0 ) against the difference of the proton chemical signal (Δδ(H1 )) between pentalenide dianions/neutral pentalenes for our reported pentalenes 1, 4, 5, and 6 give a thought-provoking conclusion about the interrelation between open-shell and antiaromatic characteristics in this series. The mode of the incorporated quinoidal moiety and the formal molecular symmetry are critical to balance these two characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koki Horii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Haruna Iwasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yui Okada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (QIQB-OTRI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.,Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (QIQB-OTRI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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29
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Konishi A, Yasuda M. Synthesis and Characterization of π-Extended Nonalternant Hydrocarbons Containing Azulene, Pentalene, and Heptalene Frameworks. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
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30
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Konishi A, Yasuda M. Breathing New Life into Nonalternant Hydrocarbon Chemistry: Syntheses and Properties of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Containing Azulene, Pentalene, and Heptalene Frameworks. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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31
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Konishi A, Yasuda M. Synthesis of π-extended non-alternant hydrocarbons based on azulene (5-7), pentalene (5-5) and heptalene (7-7) skeletons and elucidation of their electronic structures. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Phenanthrylene–alkynylene macrocycles, phenanthrene-fused dicyclopenta[b,g]naphthalene, as well as relevant diradicaloids and antiaromatic compounds. ADVANCES IN PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apoc.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Hendrich CM, Sekine K, Koshikawa T, Tanaka K, Hashmi ASK. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Gold Catalysis for Materials Science. Chem Rev 2020; 121:9113-9163. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M. Hendrich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Kohei Sekine
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takumi Koshikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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34
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Shimizu A, Ishizaki Y, Horiuchi S, Hirose T, Matsuda K, Sato H, Yoshida JI. HOMO–LUMO Energy-Gap Tuning of π-Conjugated Zwitterions Composed of Electron-Donating Anion and Electron-Accepting Cation. J Org Chem 2020; 86:770-781. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shimizu
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yu Ishizaki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shun Horiuchi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yoshida
- National Institute of Technology, Suzuka College, Shiroko-cho, Suzuka, Mie 510-0294, Japan
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35
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Wang Z, Akisaka R, Yabumoto S, Nakagawa T, Hatano S, Abe M. Impact of the macrocyclic structure and dynamic solvent effect on the reactivity of a localised singlet diradicaloid with π-single bonding character. Chem Sci 2020; 12:613-625. [PMID: 34163792 PMCID: PMC8179019 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05311b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Localised singlet diradicals are key intermediates in bond homolysis processes. Generally, these highly reactive species undergo radical–radical coupling reaction immediately after their generation. Therefore, their short-lived character hampers experimental investigations of their nature. In this study, we implemented the new concept of “stretch effect” to access a kinetically stabilised singlet diradicaloid. To this end, a macrocyclic structure was computationally designed to enable the experimental examination of a singlet diradicaloid with π-single bonding character. The kinetically stabilised diradicaloid exhibited a low carbon–carbon coupling reaction rate of 6.4 × 103 s−1 (155.9 μs), approximately 11 and 1000 times slower than those of the first generation of macrocyclic system (7.0 × 104 s−1, 14.2 μs) and the parent system lacking the macrocycle (5 × 106 s−1, 200 ns) at 293 K in benzene, respectively. In addition, a significant dynamic solvent effect was observed for the first time in intramolecular radical–radical coupling reactions in viscous solvents such as glycerin triacetate. This theoretical and experimental study demonstrates that the stretch effect and solvent viscosity play important roles in retarding the σ-bond formation process, thus enabling a thorough examination of the nature of the singlet diradicaloid and paving the way toward a deeper understanding of reactive intermediates. An extremely long-lived localised singlet diradical with π-single bonding character is found in a macrocyclic structure that retards the radical–radical coupling reaction by the “stretch and solvent-dynamic effects”.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Rikuo Akisaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Sohshi Yabumoto
- Unisoku Co., Ltd. 2-4-3 Kasugano, Hirakata Osaka 573-0131 Japan
| | - Tatsuo Nakagawa
- Unisoku Co., Ltd. 2-4-3 Kasugano, Hirakata Osaka 573-0131 Japan
| | - Sayaka Hatano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan .,Hiroshima University Research Centre for Photo-Drug-Delivery-Systems (HiU-P-DDS), Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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36
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Su B, Kostenko A, Yao S, Driess M. Isolable Dibenzo[ a,e]disilapentalene with a Dichotomic Reactivity toward CO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16935-16941. [PMID: 32986952 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The first dibenzo[a,e]disilapentalene with two Si═C moieties in the heteropentalene core has been prepared. Its solid-state structure and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the Si═C bonds are involved in an expanded π-conjugated system. The Si═C bonds show a distinguished reactivity toward CO2, depending on the reaction conditions. While one product results from fixation of two CO2 molecules across one Si═C bond, two different products could be isolated from the reaction of three CO2 molecules with both Si═C bonds. The mechanism has been uncovered by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Su
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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37
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Dressler JJ, Barker JE, Karas LJ, Hashimoto HE, Kishi R, Zakharov LN, MacMillan SN, Gomez-Garcia CJ, Nakano M, Wu JI, Haley MM. Late-Stage Modification of Electronic Properties of Antiaromatic and Diradicaloid Indeno[1,2-b]fluorene Analogues via Sulfur Oxidation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10846-10857. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucas J. Karas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | | | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- CAMCOR, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1433, United States
| | - Samantha N. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Carlos J. Gomez-Garcia
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Judy I. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Michael M. Haley
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-6231, United States
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38
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Chen W, Yu F, Xu Q, Zhou G, Zhang Q. Recent Progress in High Linearly Fused Polycyclic Conjugated Hydrocarbons (PCHs, n > 6) with Well-Defined Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903766. [PMID: 32596114 PMCID: PMC7312318 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons (PCHs) and their analogues have gained great progress in the fields of organic photoelectronic materials, the in-depth study on present PCHs is still limited to hexacene or below because longer PCHs are insoluble, unstable, and tediously synthesized. Very recently, various strategies including on-surface synthesis are developed to address these issues and many higher novel PCHs are constructed. Therefore, it is necessary to review these advances. Here, the recent synthetic approach, basic physicochemical properties, single-crystal packing behaviors, and potential applications of the linearly fused PCHs (higher than hexacene), including acenes or π-extended acenes with fused six-membered benzenoid rings and other four-membered, five-membered or even seven-membered and eight-membered fused compounds, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangqiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Fei Yu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Qun Xu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology and Institute of Electronic Paper DisplaysNational Center for International Research on Green OptoelectronicsSouth China Academy of Advanced OptoelectronicsSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou510006P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
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39
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Fu X, Han H, Zhang D, Yu H, He Q, Zhao D. A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diradical with pH-responsive magnetic properties. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5565-5571. [PMID: 32874500 PMCID: PMC7441688 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00770f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
By integrating azulene with a quinoid moiety, a novel non-alternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecule BCHF1 exhibiting manifold zwitterionic, quinoidal and diradical behaviors is designed and synthesized. Its zwitterionic feature is evidenced by the changes shown by the 1H-NMR and absorption spectra when the molecule undergoes reversible protonation and deprotonation reactions at varied pH. The diradical facet, manifesting a small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔE S-T), is characterized with a paramagnetic resonance signal detected by the EPR spectroscopy at room temperature. As the diradical properties are not observed in the protonated form, BCHF1+H+ , a pH-controlled reversible magnetic switching behavior is illustrated by monitoring the on and off cycles of EPR signals upon successively adding bases and acids to a solution or exposing a thin film of BCHF1+H+ to base vapor followed by acid vapor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Han Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Han Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Qilin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
| | - Dahui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Centre for the Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of the Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry , Peking University , Beijing , 100871 , China .
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40
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Konishi A, Satake S, Yasuda M. Catalytic Cycloisomerization of Conjugated Bisbutatrienes into Pentalene Skeletons: Synthesis and Properties of Bisbutatrienes with an Acenaphthene Backbone. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoya Satake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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41
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Mayer PJ, El Bakouri O, Holczbauer T, Samu GF, Janáky C, Ottosson H, London G. Structure-Property Relationships in Unsymmetric Bis(antiaromatics): Who Wins the Battle between Pentalene and Benzocyclobutadiene?†. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5158-5172. [PMID: 32189503 PMCID: PMC7311060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
According
to the currently accepted structure–property relationships,
aceno-pentalenes with an angular shape (fused to the 1,2-bond of the
acene) exhibit higher antiaromaticity than those with a linear shape
(fused to the 2,3-bond of the acene). To explore and expand the current
view, we designed and synthesized molecules where two isomeric, yet,
different, 8π antiaromatic subunits, a benzocyclobutadiene (BCB)
and a pentalene, are combined into, respectively, an angular and a
linear topology via an unsaturated six-membered ring. The antiaromatic
character of the molecules is supported experimentally by 1H NMR, UV–vis, and cyclic voltammetry measurements and X-ray
crystallography. The experimental results are further confirmed by
theoretical studies including the calculation of several aromaticity
indices (NICS, ACID, HOMA, FLU, MCI). In the case of the angular molecule,
double bond-localization within the connecting six-membered ring resulted
in reduced antiaromaticity of both the BCB and pentalene subunits,
while the linear structure provided a competitive situation for the
two unequal [4n]π subunits. We found that in
the latter case the BCB unit alleviated its unfavorable antiaromaticity
more efficiently, leaving the pentalene with strong antiaromaticity.
Thus, a reversed structure–antiaromaticity relationship when
compared to aceno-pentalenes was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter J Mayer
- MTA-TTK "Lendület" Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ouissam El Bakouri
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely F Samu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Csaba Janáky
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Rerrich Square 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Henrik Ottosson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gábor London
- MTA-TTK "Lendület" Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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42
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Yoshida K, Suzuki S, Kozaki M, Okada K. Structures and Electronic Properties of Diisopropylaminoborane Substituted with Highly Electron-Rich π-Conjugated Systems and Their Oxidized States. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kozaki
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
- Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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43
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Betori RC, Scheidt KA. Reductive Arylation of Arylidene Malonates Using Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019; 9:10350-10357. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rick C. Betori
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Tavakkolifard S, Sekine K, Reichert L, Ebrahimi M, Museridz K, Michel E, Rominger F, Babaahmadi R, Ariafard A, Yates BF, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed Regiospecific Annulation of Unsymmetrically Substituted 1,5-Diynes for the Precise Synthesis of Bispentalenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:12180-12186. [PMID: 31310400 PMCID: PMC6851633 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precise control of the selectivity in organic synthesis is important to access the desired molecules. We demonstrate a regiospecific annulation of unsymmetrically substituted 1,2-di(arylethynyl)benzene derivatives for a geometry-controlled synthesis of linear bispentalenes, which is one of the promising structures for material science. A gold-catalyzed annulation of unsymmetrically substituted 1,2-di(arylethynyl)benzene could produce two isomeric pentalenes, but both electronic and steric effects on the aromatics at the terminal position of the alkyne prove to be crucial for the selectivity; especially a regiospecific annulation was achieved with sterically blocked substituents; namely, 2,4,6-trimetyl benzene or 2,4-dimethyl benzene. This approach enables the geometrically controlled synthesis of linear bispentalenes from 1,2,4,5-tetraethynylbenzene or 2,3,6,7-tetraethynylnaphthalene. Moreover, the annulation of a series of tetraynes with a different substitution pattern regioselectively provided the bispentalene scaffolds. A computational study revealed that this is the result of a kinetic control induced by the bulky NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tavakkolifard
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Kohei Sekine
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lisa Reichert
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Mina Ebrahimi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ketevan Museridz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Elena Michel
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Rasool Babaahmadi
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry)University of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 75HobartTAS7001Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry)University of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 75HobartTAS7001Australia
| | - Brian F. Yates
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry)University of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 75HobartTAS7001Australia
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
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Zhang YF, Zhang CZ. Experimental and theoretical study on spontaneous intermolecular charge transfer features and antiaromaticities of unusual bisazo compounds with antiaromatic cores. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Baranac-Stojanović M. A DFT Study of the Modulation of the Antiaromatic and Open-Shell Character of Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene by Employing Three Strategies: Additional Benzoannulation, BN/CC Isosterism, and Substitution. Chemistry 2019; 25:9747-9757. [PMID: 31107568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzo[a,f]pentalene ([a,f]DBP) is a highly antiaromatic molecule having appreciable open-shell singlet character in its ground state. In this work, DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory were performed to explore the efficiency of three strategies, that is, BN/CC isosterism, substitution, and (di)benzoannulation of [a,f]DBP, in controlling its electronic state and (anti)aromaticity. To evaluate the type and extent of the latter, the harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) and aromatic fluctuation (FLU) indices were used, along with the nucleus-independent chemical shift NICS-XY-scan procedure. The results suggest that all three strategies could be employed to produce either the closed-shell system or open-shell species, which may be in the singlet or triplet ground state. Triplet states have been characterized as aromatic, which is in accordance with Baird's rule. All the singlet states were found to have weaker global paratropicity than [a,f]DBP. Additional (di)benzo fusion adds local aromatic subunit(s) and mainly retains the topology of the paratropic ring currents of the basic molecule. The substitution of two carbon atoms by the isoelectronic BN pair, or the introduction of substituents, results either in the same type and very similar topology of ring currents as in the parent compound, or leads to (anti)aromatic and nonaromatic subunits. The triplet states of all the examined compounds are also discussed.
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Konishi A, Horii K, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T, Yasuda M. Open-Shell and Antiaromatic Character Induced by the Highly Symmetric Geometry of the Planar Heptalene Structure: Synthesis and Characterization of a Nonalternant Isomer of Bisanthene. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10165-10170. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Konishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Atomic
and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koki Horii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Federmann P, Wagner HK, Antoni PW, Mörsdorf JM, Pérez Lustres JL, Wadepohl H, Motzkus M, Ballmann J. P-Protected Diphosphadibenzo[a,e]pentalenes and Their Mono- and Dicationic P-Bridged Ladder Stilbenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:2033-2038. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Federmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah K. Wagner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick W. Antoni
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Mörsdorf
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - José Luis Pérez Lustres
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Motzkus
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ballmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M. The effect of two types of dibenzoannulation of pentalene on molecular energies and magnetically induced currents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3250-3263. [PMID: 30681696 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07875k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of two types of dibenzo-fusion of pentalene in the singlet and triplet states on its molecular energies and magnetically induced ring currents was examined via density functional calculations. The isomerization energy decomposition analysis (IEDA) together with the calculated aromaticity indices (NICS(1)zz, HOMA and FLUπ), estimation of resonance energies (RE) and extra cyclic resonance energies (ECRE) via the NBO method, and the NICS-XY-scans revealed that the π-electronic system is the most important factor controlling the molecular energies. The [a,f] topology features greater delocalization, which results in two opposing effects: larger ECRE, but weaker π-bonding. The latter is mainly responsible for the higher energy of [a,f]-dibenzopentalene (DBP) (ΔEiso = 21.7 kcal mol-1), with the other effects being σ-orbital and electrostatic interactions. The reversal of energetic stability in the triplet states (ΔEiso = -10.8 kcal mol-1) mainly comes from the reduced Pauli repulsion in [a,f]-DBP, which stabilizes the unpaired spin density over the central trimethylenemethane subunit vs. the central pentalene subunit in [a,e]-DBP. Although the [a,e] topology only reduces the diatropic and paratropic currents of the elementary subunits, benzene and pentalene, the [a,f] topology also creates strong global paratropicity involving the benzene rings. Both DBP isomers are characterized by global and smaller semi-global and local diatropic currents in the triplet state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O. Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Majewski MA, Chmielewski PJ, Chien A, Hong Y, Lis T, Witwicki M, Kim D, Zimmerman PM, Stępień M. 5,10-Dimesityldiindeno[1,2- a:2',1'- i]phenanthrene: a stable biradicaloid derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3413-3420. [PMID: 30996930 PMCID: PMC6429611 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00170k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A diindenophenanthrene biradicaloid, formally derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, is obtained in a short, scalable synthesis.
A diindenophenanthrene biradicaloid, formally derived from Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, is obtained in a short, scalable synthesis. The present system is electron-rich and devoid of conjugated substituents, and still exhibits very good stability under ambient conditions. The introduction of the diindeno[1,2-a:2′,1′-i] phenanthrene ring framework results in a singlet biradicaloid system with an easily accessible triplet state (ΔES–T = –1.30 kcal mol–1) and a small electronic bandgap (1.39 V). The stability limits of the title hydrocarbon were explored systematically in the solid state, to reveal an unusual thermally initiated hydrogen-scrambling oligomerization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin A Majewski
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Alan Chien
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Maciej Witwicki
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seoul 120-749 , Korea .
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 N. University Ave , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland . ; http://www.mstepien.edu.pl
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