1
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Kou X. Mechanistic Insight Into the Reactivity of Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Liquid-State NMR Studies. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38446616 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2324299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) have been widely investigated as promising catalysts due to their metal-free feature and ability to activate small molecules. Over the last few years, the structure, dynamics and interactions between the Lewis centers and their effects on the reactivity with different substrates have been studied. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful tool in studying the reaction intermediates, kinetics and mechanism of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). Various NMR experiments have been applied to precisely determine the association or cooperativity of FLPs and one or two-dimensional spectra were obtained. Herein, insights coming from NMR spectroscopy for FLPs are presented, the structure and reactivity of FLPs in solution are described, and their effects on the kinetics and mechanism of different substrates are also illustrated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Kou
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymer Materials, Shandong Provincial Education Department, Analyses and Testing Center, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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2
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Kim H, Lough A, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Stephan DW. Addition and NN bond cleavage of diazo-compounds by phosphino-phosphenium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1031-1034. [PMID: 38174434 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The phosphino-phosphenium cation (PPC) [Ph3PPPh2][GaCl4] reacts as a frustrated Lewis pair to add across the NN bond of (tBuO2CN)2. In contrast, photolytical addition [Ph2ClPPPh2][GaCl4] to (RN)2 results in cleavage of the NN bond affording [Ph2P(μ-NR)2PPh2Cl][GaCl4] (R = Ph 2, C6H4Cl3). While the chloride of 2 is replaced with N3 or CN via reaction with Me3SiN3 or tBuNC respectively, reaction with (C6F5)2BH effects ring opening to give [HN(Ph)PPh2(μ-NPh)PPh2][GaCl4] 7. This reactivity demonstrates that PPCs behave as FLPs to effect either addition or cleavage of NN double bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehwang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Alan Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, Bonn 53115, Germany.
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, Bonn 53115, Germany.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Yeganeh-Salman A, Yeung J, Miao L, Stephan DW. Coordination chemistry and FLP reactivity of 1,1- and 1,2-bis-boranes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1178-1189. [PMID: 38108120 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Coordination chemistry and frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry have been most commonly studied using monodentate Lewis acids. In this paper, we examine the corresponding reactions employing the 1,1- and 1,2-bis-boranes, PhCH2CH(B(C6F5)2)21 and Me3SiCH(B(C6F5)2)CH2B(C6F5)22, respectively. Coordination of isocyanide to these species results in the formation of the products RCH(B(C6F5)2CNtBu)CH2(B(C6F5)2CNtBu) (R = Ph 3, Me3Si 4). The rearrangement of 1 to give the 1,2-bis-borane adduct 3 was probed and attributed to a donor-induced retrohydroboration and subsequent hydroboration. The analogous reaction of 1 is evident in efforts to use the Gutman-Beckett method to assess its Lewis acidity. However, in combination with tBu3P, bis-boranes 1 and 2 form FLPs and react with H2 to give [tBu3PH][PhCH2CH(B(C6F5)2)2(μ-H)] 5a and [tBu3PH][Me3SiCH(B(C6F5)2)CH2(B(C6F5)2)(μ-H)] 6, respectively. Reactions of 1 and 2 with various donors and PhCCH were shown to give deprotonation and addition products, depending on the nature of the base. However, in the case of 1, products resulting from retrohydroboration, and subsequent hydroboration are evident. Several of these alkyne products are crystallographically characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yeganeh-Salman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Jason Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Linkun Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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4
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Chen B, Jäkle F. Boron-Nitrogen Lewis Pairs in the Assembly of Supramolecular Macrocycles, Molecular Cages, Polymers, and 3D Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313379. [PMID: 37815889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Covering an exceptionally wide range of bond strengths, the dynamic nature and facile tunability of dative B-N bonds is highly attractive when it comes to the assembly of supramolecular polymers and materials. This Minireview offers an overview of advances in the development of functional materials where Lewis pairs (LPs) play a key role in their assembly and critically influence their properties. Specifically, we describe the reversible assembly of linear polymers with interesting optical, electronic and catalytic properties, discrete macrocycles and molecular cages that take up diverse guest molecules and undergo structural changes triggered by external stimuli, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with intriguing interlocked structures that can embed and separate gases such as CO2 and acetylene, and soft polymer networks that serve as recyclable, self-healing, and responsive thermosets, gels and elastomeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beijia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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5
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Wang M, Shanmugam M, McInnes EJL, Shaver MP. Light-Induced Polymeric Frustrated Radical Pairs as Building Blocks for Materials and Photocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24294-24301. [PMID: 37890166 PMCID: PMC10636756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric frustrated Lewis pairs, or poly(FLP)s, have served to bridge the gap between functional polymer science and main group catalysis, pairing the uniqueness of sterically frustrated Lewis acids and bases with a polymer scaffold to create self-healing gels and recyclable catalysts. However, their utilization in radical chemistry is unprecedented. In this paper, we disclose the synthesis of polymeric frustrated radical pairs, or poly(FRP)s, by in situ photoinduction of FLP moieties, where their Lewis acidic and basic centers are tuned to promote single electron transfer (SET). Through systematic manipulation of the chemical structure, we demonstrate that inclusion of ortho-methyl groups on phosphine monomers is crucial to enable SET. The generation of radicals is evidenced by monitoring the stable polymeric phosphine radical cations via UV/vis and EPR spectroscopy. These new poly(FRP)s enable both catalytic hydrogenation and radical-mediated photocatalytic perfluoroalkylations. These polymeric radical systems open new avenues to design novel functional polymers for catalysis and photoelectrical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Muralidharan Shanmugam
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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6
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Vidal F, Smith S, Williams CK. Ring Opening Copolymerization of Boron-Containing Anhydride with Epoxides as a Controlled Platform to Functional Polyesters. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37311063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Boron-functionalized polymers are used in opto-electronics, biology, and medicine. Methods to produce boron-functionalized and degradable polyesters remain exceedingly rare but relevant where (bio)dissipation is required, for example, in self-assembled nanostructures, dynamic polymer networks, and bio-imaging. Here, a boronic ester-phthalic anhydride and various epoxides (cyclohexene oxide, vinyl-cyclohexene oxide, propene oxide, allyl glycidyl ether) undergo controlled ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP), catalyzed by organometallic complexes [Zn(II)Mg(II) or Al(III)K(I)] or a phosphazene organobase. The polymerizations are well controlled allowing for the modulation of the polyester structures (e.g., by epoxide selection, AB, or ABA blocks), molar masses (9.4 < Mn < 40 kg/mol), and uptake of boron functionalities (esters, acids, "ates", boroxines, and fluorescent groups) in the polymer. The boronic ester-functionalized polymers are amorphous, with high glass transition temperatures (81 < Tg < 224 °C) and good thermal stability (285 < Td < 322 °C). The boronic ester-polyesters are deprotected to yield boronic acid- and borate-polyesters; the ionic polymers are water soluble and degradable under alkaline conditions. Using a hydrophilic macro-initiator in alternating epoxide/anhydride ROCOP, and lactone ring opening polymerization, produces amphiphilic AB and ABC copolyesters. Alternatively, the boron-functionalities are subjected to Pd(II)-catalyzed cross-couplings to install fluorescent groups (BODIPY). The utility of this new monomer as a platform to construct specialized polyesters materials is exemplified here in the synthesis of fluorescent spherical nanoparticles that self-assemble in water (Dh = 40 nm). The selective copolymerization, variable structural composition, and adjustable boron loading represent a versatile technology for future explorations of degradable, well-defined, and functional polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Sevven Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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7
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Guo J, Ye L, Gao Y, Li S, Zhang L, Liu W, Peng T, Mou Y, Wu C, Xie C, Hu B, Deng X. Hybrid Dry Powders for Rapid Sealing of Gastric Perforations under an Endoscope. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9521-9528. [PMID: 37129870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective wound sealing is key to prevent postoperative complications arising from gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Accurate delivery of the adhesive to wet and dynamic tissues and rapid action of the adhesive onsite should be considered for endoscopic operation. A hybrid dry powder (HDP) strategy, characterized by decoupling of powder gelation and tissue adhesion, for rapid sealing of wet tissues is presented. HDPs carrying oppositely charged polyelectrolytes become a hydrogel layer over the target tissue by absorbing the surrounding water and forming strong electrostatic interactions between heterogeneous components. Strong adhesion is realized through hydrogen bonding between the adhesive component, poly(acrylic acid), and the tissue. Wet tissue adhesion can be achieved in a few seconds (adhesion strength of ∼30 kPa to porcine skin). Notably, the HDP-assembled hydrogel can maintain a low swelling rate and resist degradation in acidic aqueous environments (pH 1). Furthermore, HDPs can be delivered to target tissues by spraying via an endoscope. The results of in vivo experiments indicate that healing of gastric ESD perforations by sealing with the powder-assembled hydrogel is as effective as that by sealing with clips. This strategy is expected to facilitate the development of fast-acting hydrogel-based adhesives for endoscopic operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchang Guo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Liansong Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuangyang Li
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tingfa Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Mou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuncheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaoming Xie
- Key Lab of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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8
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Wang Y, Yan Q. CO 2 -Fueled Transient Breathing Nanogels that Couple Nonequilibrium Catalytic Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217001. [PMID: 36738302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a "breathing" nanogel that is fueled by CO2 gas to perform temporally programmable catalytic polymerization. The nanogel is composed of common frustrated Lewis pair polymers (FLPs). Dynamic CO2 -FLP gas-bridging bonds endow the nanogel with a transient volume contraction, and the resulting proximal effect of bound FLPs unlocks its catalytic capacity toward CO2 . Reverse gas depletion via a CO2 -participated polymerization can induce a reverse nanogel expansion, which shuts down the catalytic activity. Control of external factors (fuel level, temperature or additives) can regulate the breathing period, amplitude and lifecycle, so as to affect the catalytic polymerization. Moreover, editing the nanogel breathing procedure can sequentially evoke the copolymerization of CO2 with different epoxide monomers preloaded therein, which allows to obtain block-tunable copolycarbonates that are unachievable by other methods. This synthetic dissipative system would be function as a prototype of gas-driven nanosynthesizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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9
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Boyet M, Chabaud L, Pucheault M. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Borinic Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062660. [PMID: 36985634 PMCID: PMC10057197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Borinic acids [R2B(OH)] and their chelate derivatives are a subclass of organoborane compounds used in cross-coupling reactions, catalysis, medicinal chemistry, polymer or optoelectronics materials. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the synthesis of diarylborinic acids and their four-coordinated analogs. The main strategies to build up borinic acids rely either on the addition of organometallic reagents to boranes (B(OR)3, BX3, aminoborane, arylboronic esters) or the reaction of triarylboranes with a ligand (diol, amino alcohol, etc.). After general practical considerations of borinic acids, an overview of the main synthetic methods, their scope and limitations is provided. We also discuss some mechanistic aspects.
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10
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Shi Y, Zeng Y, Kucheryavy P, Yin X, Zhang K, Meng G, Chen J, Zhu Q, Wang N, Zheng X, Jäkle F, Chen P. Dynamic B/N Lewis Pairs: Insights into the Structural Variations and Photochromism via Light-Induced Fluorescence to Phosphorescence Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213615. [PMID: 36287039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultralong afterglow emissions due to room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are of paramount importance in the advancement of smart sensors, bioimaging and light-emitting devices. We herein present an efficient approach to achieve rarely accessible phosphorescence of heavy atom-free organoboranes via photochemical switching of sterically tunable fluorescent Lewis pairs (LPs). LPs are widely applied in and well-known for their outstanding performance in catalysis and supramolecular soft materials but have not thus far been exploited to develop photo-responsive RTP materials. The intramolecular LP M1BNM not only shows a dynamic response to thermal treatment due to reversible N→B coordination but crystals of M1BNM also undergo rapid photochromic switching. As a result, unusual emission switching from short-lived fluorescence to long-lived phosphorescence (rad-M1BNM, τRTP =232 ms) is observed. The reported discoveries in the field of Lewis pairs chemistry offer important insights into their structural dynamics, while also pointing to new opportunities for photoactive materials with implications for fast responsive detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Pavel Kucheryavy
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoyun Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jinfa Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
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11
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Mandal D, Chen T, Qu Z, Grimme S, Stephan DW. Reactions of Diethylazo-Dicarboxylate with Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201701. [PMID: 35670767 PMCID: PMC9796924 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of PAr3 /B(C6 F5 )3 (Ar=o-Tol, Mes, Ph) FLPs with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) afford the corresponding FLP addition products 1-3 in which P-N and B-O linkages are formed. In contrast, the reaction of BPh3 , PPh3 and DEAD gave product 4 where P-N and N-B linkages were confirmed. In all cases, other binding modes were computed to be both higher in energy and readily distinguishable by 31 P and 11 B NMR parameters. These data illustrate the influence of steric demands and electronic structures on the nature of the products of FLP reactions with DEAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendu Mandal
- Institute of Drug Discovery TechnologyNingbo University315211ZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Drug Discovery TechnologyNingbo University315211ZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryClausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryClausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische ChemieRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnBeringstrasse 453115BonnGermany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Institute of Drug Discovery TechnologyNingbo University315211ZhejiangP. R. China,Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto80 St. George StM5S3H6TorontoONCanada
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12
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Mandal D, Chen T, Qu Z, Grimme S, Stephan DW. Reactions of Frustrated Lewis Pairs with Chloro‐Diazirines: Cleavage of N=N Double Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209241. [PMID: 35830598 PMCID: PMC9543150 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The reactions of FLPs with diazomethanes leads to the rapid loss of N2. In contrast, in this work, we reported reactions of phosphine/borane FLPs with chlorodiazirines which led to the reduction of the N=N double bond, affording linked phosphinimide/amidoborate zwitterions of the general form R3PNC(Ar)NR′BX(C6F5)2. A detailed DFT mechanistic study showed that these reactions proceed via FLP addition to the N=N bond, followed by subsequent group transfer reactions to nitrogen and capture of the halide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendu Mandal
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang China
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn Beringstrasse 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang China
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St Toronto ON M5S3H6 Canada
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13
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Wang Y, Yu X, Zhang H, Fan X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Miao YE, Zhang X, Liu T. Highly Stretchable, Soft, Low-Hysteresis, and Self-Healable Ionic Conductive Elastomers Enabled by Long, Functional Cross-Linkers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Haopeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yue-E Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
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14
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Mandal D, Chen T, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Stephan DW. <p class="Title1">Reactions of Frustrated Lewis Pairs with Chloro‐Diazirines: Cleavage of N=N Double Bonds<o:p></o:p></p>. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipendu Mandal
- University of Toronto - St George Campus: University of Toronto Chemistry CANADA
| | | | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Theoretical chemistry GERMANY
| | - Stefan Grimme
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Theoretical chemistry GERMANY
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15
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Béland VA, Wang Z, Sham T, Ragogna PJ. Polymer networks functionalized with
low‐valent
phosphorus cations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A. Béland
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Tsun‐Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
| | - Paul J. Ragogna
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research The University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada
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16
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He Y, Li C, Chen XB, Shi Z, Feng S. Visible-Light-Responsive UiO-66(Zr) with Defects Efficiently Promoting Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28977-28984. [PMID: 35713698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is of great importance to understand the relationship between the structure and properties at the atomic level, which provides a solid platform for the design of efficient heterogeneous catalysts. However, it remains a challenge to elucidate the roles of the structure of reaction sites in the catalytic activity of active sites due to the lack of understanding of the structure of specific active site species. Herein, taking the metal-organic framework (MOF) UiO-66(Zr) as a prototype, MOF catalysts with all-solid-state frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) Zr3+-OH were synthesized in situ by adding acetic acid (HAc) as a modulator. By introducing missing linkers, UiO-66(Zr) first becomes a visible-light-responsive photocatalyst for CO2 reduction. The in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum reveals that b-CO32- is the key intermediate for the activation of CO2 molecules through FLPs Zr3+-OH. Moreover, defective UiO-66(Zr) could "self-breath" by surface hydroxyls. This finding not only provides a new avenue for utilizing UV-responsive MOFs by defect engineering but also sheds light on its catalytic activity at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shouhua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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17
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Esarte Palomero O, Jones RA. Ferrocene tethered boramidinate frustrated Lewis pairs: stepwise capture of CO 2 and CO. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:6275-6284. [PMID: 35379999 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00691j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and reactivity of novel ferrocene tethered boramidinate frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), capable of the sequential capture of small molecules, is reported. Reactions of 1,1'-dicarbodiimidoferrocenes with different boranes provides access to metallocene tethered FLPs. The reactivity of the boramidinate moieties can be tuned by the nature of the carbodiimido substituents (alkyl vs. aryl) and the borane used in the reduction (9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane [(C8H14)2BH]2vs. bis-pentafluorophenyl borane [(C6F5)2BH]2). The boramidinate FLP arms do not engage in intramolecular reactions, allowing for independent small molecule capture by each FLP. By careful synthetic control, sequential capture of different gaseous small molecules (CO2 and CO or CO2 and CNtBu) by the same bis(boramidinate)ferrocene molecule has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhi Esarte Palomero
- Department of Chemistry - The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Richard A Jones
- Department of Chemistry - The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St., Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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18
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Müller F, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Diphenyl‐ and dimesityl‐phosphanyl‐substituted 3,3,4,4,5,5‐hexafluorocyclopentenyl‐gold(I) dimers – syntheses and solid‐state structures. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Müller
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld CHE GERMANY
| | - Beate Neumann
- Bielefeld University: Universitat Bielefeld CHE GERMANY
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19
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Luppi BT, Muralidharan AV, Ostermann N, Cheong IT, Ferguson MJ, Siewert I, Rivard E. Redox‐Active Heteroatom‐Functionalized Polyacetylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T. Luppi
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Abhishek V. Muralidharan
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Nils Ostermann
- University of Goettingen Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - I T. Cheong
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Inke Siewert
- University of Goettingen Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Dr Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
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20
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Horton TAR, Wang M, Shaver MP. Polymeric frustrated Lewis pairs in CO 2/cyclic ether coupling catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3845-3850. [PMID: 35432910 PMCID: PMC8966658 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00894g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are now ubiquitous as metal-free catalysts in an array of different chemical transformations. In this paper we show that this reactivity can be transferred to a polymeric system, offering advantageous opportunities at the interface between catalysis and stimuli-responsive materials. Formation of cyclic carbonates from cyclic ethers using CO2 as a C1 feedstock continues to be dominated by metal-based systems. When paired with a suitable nucleophile, discrete aryl or alkyl boranes have shown significant promise as metal-free Lewis acidic alternatives, although catalyst reuse remains illusive. Herein, we leverage the reactivity of FLPs in a polymeric system to promote CO2/cyclic ether coupling catalysis that can be tuned for the desired epoxide or oxetane substrate. Moreover, these macromolecular FLPs can be reused across multiple reaction cycles, further increasing their appeal over analogous small molecule systems. Polymeric frustrated Lewis pairs catalyse the coupling of epoxides and oxetanes with CO2 with high selectivity under mild CO2 pressures across multiple reaction cycles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. R. Horton
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Royce Hub Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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21
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22
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Malär AA, Sun Q, Zehnder J, Kehr G, Erker G, Wiegand T. Proton-phosphorous connectivities revealed by high-resolution proton-detected solid-state NMR. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7768-7778. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton-detected solid-state NMR enables atomic-level insight in solid-state reactions, for instance in heterogeneous catalysis, which is fundamental for deciphering chemical reaction mechanisms. We herein introduce a phosphorus-31 radiofrequency channel in...
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23
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Stephan DW. Diverse Uses of the Reaction of Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) with Hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20002-20014. [PMID: 34786935 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The articulation of the notion of "frustrated Lewis pairs" (FLPs) emerged from the discovery that H2 can be reversibly activated by combinations of sterically encumbered main group Lewis acids and bases. This has prompted numerous studies focused on various perturbations of the Lewis acid/base combinations and the applications to organic reductions. This Perspective focuses on the new directions and developments that are emerging from this FLP chemistry involving hydrogen. Three areas are discussed including new applications and approaches to FLP reductions, the reductions of small molecules, and the advances in heterogeneous FLP systems. These foci serve to illustrate that despite having its roots in main group chemistry, this simple concept of FLPs is being applied across the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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24
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Luppi BT, Muralidharan AV, Ostermann N, Cheong IT, Ferguson MJ, Siewert I, Rivard E. Redox-Active Heteroatom-Functionalized Polyacetylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114586. [PMID: 34826183 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of metallic conductivity in polyacetylene [-HC=CH-]n upon doping represents a landmark achievement. However, the insolubility of polyacetylene and a dearth of methods for its chemical modification have limited its widespread use. Here, we employ a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) protocol to prepare functionalized polyacetylenes (fPAs) bearing: (1) electron-deficient boryl (-BR2 ) and phosphoryl (-P(O)R2 ) side chains; (2) electron-donating amino (-NR2 ) groups, and (3) ring-fused 1,2,3-triazolium units via strain-promoted Click chemistry. These functional groups render most of the fPAs soluble and can lead to intense light absorption across the visible to near-IR region. Also, the presence of redox-active boryl and amino groups leads to opposing near-IR optical responses upon (electro)chemical reduction or oxidation. Some of the resulting fPAs show greatly enhanced air stability when compared to known polyacetylenes. Lastly, these fPAs can be cross-linked to yield network materials with the full retention of optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno T Luppi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Abhishek V Muralidharan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nils Ostermann
- University of Goettingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - I T Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Inke Siewert
- University of Goettingen, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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25
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Hilaire T, Xu Y, Mei W, Riggleman RA, Hickey RJ. Lewis Adduct-Induced Phase Transitions in Polymer/Solvent Mixtures. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 2:35-41. [PMID: 36855742 PMCID: PMC9954274 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization-induced phase transitions in polymer systems in which a postpolymerization reaction drives polymers to organize into colloidal aggregates are a versatile method to create nanoscale structures with applications related to biomedicine and nanoreactors. Current functionalization methods to stimulate polymer self-assembly are based on covalent bond formation. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative reactions that result in noncovalent bond formation. Here, we demonstrate that when the Lewis acid, tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane (BCF), is added to a solution containing poly(4-diphenylphosphino styrene) (PDPPS), the system will either macrophase-separate or form micelles if PDPPS is a homopolymer or a block in a copolymer, respectively. The Lewis adduct-induced phase transition is hypothesized to result from the favorable interaction between the PDPPS and BCF, which results in a negative interaction parameter (χ). A modified Flory-Huggins model was used to determine the predicted phase behavior for a ternary system composed of a polymer, a solvent, and a small molecule. The model indicates that there is a demixing region (i.e., macrophase separation) when the polymer and small molecule have favorable interactions (e.g., χ < 0) and that the phase separation region coincides well with the experimentally determined two-phase region for mixtures containing PDPPS, BCF, and toluene. The work presented here highlights that Lewis adduct-induced phase separation is a new approach to functionalization-induced self-assembly (FISA) and that ternary mixtures will undergo phase separation if two of the components exhibit a sufficiently negative χ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tylene Hilaire
- Department
of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Wenwen Mei
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert J. Hickey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, The
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States,Materials
Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801, United States,
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Jacobs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee—Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Johnathan N. Brantley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee—Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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27
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Yolsal U, Horton TAR, Wang M, Shaver MP. Cyclic Ether Triggers for Polymeric Frustrated Lewis Pair Gels. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12980-12984. [PMID: 34387464 PMCID: PMC8397318 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Sterically hindered
Lewis acid and base centers are unable to form
Lewis adducts, instead forming frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), where
latent reactivity can be utilized for the activation of small molecules.
Applying FLP chemistry into polymeric frameworks transforms this chemistry
into responsive and functional materials. Here, we report a versatile
synthesis strategy for the preparation of macromolecular FLPs and
explore its potential with the ring-opening reactions of cyclic ethers.
Addition of the cyclic substrates triggered polymer network formation,
where the extent of cross-linking, strength of network, and reactivity
are tuned by the steric and electronic properties of the ethers. The
resultant networks behave like covalently cross-linked polymers, demonstrating
the versatility of FLPs to simultaneously tune both small-molecule
capture and mechanical properties of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utku Yolsal
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A R Horton
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Shaver
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M1 3BB, United Kingdom.,Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9BL, United Kingdom
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28
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Kumar P, Das A, Maji B. Phosphorus containing porous organic polymers: synthetic techniques and applications in organic synthesis and catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4174-4192. [PMID: 33871521 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorus-containing porous organic polymer is a trending material for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. Decades of investigations have established phosphines as versatile ligands in homogeneous catalysis. Recently, phosphine-based heterogeneous catalysts were synthesized to exploit the same electronic properties while leveraging extra stability and reusability. In the last few decades, the catalysts were applied in diverse organic transformations, including hydroformylation, hydrogenation, C-C, C-N and C-X coupling, hydrosilylation, oxidative-carbonylation reactions, and so on. However, even though these polymers possess a multifunctional character, they face multiple synthetic issues in controlling the pore size, increasing the surface area, and creating a single type of active site. This review summarizes the developments in this field over the last few decades, highlighting the current limitation and future scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.
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29
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Theoretical Characterization of New Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Responsive Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101573. [PMID: 34068943 PMCID: PMC8155995 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, responsive materials including dynamic bonds have been widely acclaimed due to their expectation to pilot advanced materials. Within these materials, synthetic polymers have shown to be good candidates. Recently, the so-called frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) have been used to create responsive materials. Concretely, the activation of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) by a triphenylborane (TPB) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) based FLP has been recently exploited for the production of dynamic cross-links. In this work, we computationally explore the underlying dynamic chemistry in these materials, in order to understand the nature and reversibility of the interaction between the FLP and DEAD. With this goal in mind, we first characterize the acidity and basicity of several TPB and TPP derivatives using different substituents, such as electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups. Our results show that strong electron-donating groups increase the acidity of TPB and decrease the basicity of TPP. However, the FLP–DEAD interaction is not mainly dominated by the influence of these substituents in the acidity or basicity of the TPB or TPP systems, but by attractive or repulsive forces between substituents such as hydrogen bonds or steric effects. Based on these results, a new material is proposed based on FLP–DEAD complexes.
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30
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Liu R, Wang Y, Yan Q. CO
2
‐Strengthened Double‐Cross‐Linked Polymer Gels from Frustrated Lewis Pair Networks. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000699. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Yixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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31
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Doan TH, Chardon A, Osi A, Mahaut D, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Champagne B, Berionni G. Methylene Bridging Effect on the Structures, Lewis Acidities and Optical Properties of Semi-planar Triarylboranes. Chemistry 2021; 27:1736-1743. [PMID: 32852852 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Three synthetic methods towards semi-planar triarylboranes with two aryl rings connected by a methylene bridge have been developed. The fine-tuning of their stereoelectronic properties and Lewis acidities was achieved by introducing fluorine, methyl, methoxy, n-butyl and phenyl groups either at their exocyclic or bridged aryl rings. X-ray diffraction analysis and quantum-chemical calculations provided quantitative information on the structural distortion experienced by the near planar hydro-boraanthracene skeleton during the association with Lewis bases such as NH3 and F- . Though the methylene bridge between the ortho-positions of two aryl rings of triarylboranes decreased the Gibbs free energies of complexation with small Lewis bases by less than 5 kJ mol-1 relative to the classical Lewis acid BAr3 , the steric shielding of the CH2 bridge is sufficient to avoid the formation of Lewis adducts with larger Lewis bases such as triarylphosphines. A newly synthesized spirocyclic amino-borane with a long intramolecular B-N bond that could be dissociated under thermal process, UV-irradiation, or acidic conditions might be a potential candidate in Lewis pairs catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Hong Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Chardon
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Osi
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Damien Mahaut
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Berionni
- Department of Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, 61, rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
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32
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Zhou Y, Jiang S, Xu X. Isospecific Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate by Intramolecular
Rare‐Earth
Metal Based Lewis Pairs†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Shengjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
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33
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Yolsal U, Horton TA, Wang M, Shaver MP. Polymer-supported Lewis acids and bases: Synthesis and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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34
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Lin H, Patel S, Jäkle F. Tailored Triarylborane Polymers as Supported Catalysts and Luminescent Materials. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huina Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University–Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University–Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University–Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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35
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Zeng R, Chen L, Yan Q. CO 2 -Folded Single-Chain Nanoparticles as Recyclable, Improved Carboxylase Mimics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18418-18422. [PMID: 32691516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Emulating the function of natural carboxylases to convert CO2 under atmospheric condition is a great challenge. Herein we report a class of CO2 -folded single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) that can function as recyclable, function-intensified carboxylase mimics. Lewis pair polymers containing bulky Lewis acidic and basic groups as the precursor, can bind CO2 to drive an intramolecular folding into SCNPs, in which CO2 as the folded nodes can form gas-bridged bonds. Such bridging linkages highly activate CO2 , which endows the SCNPs with extraordinary catalytic ability that can not only catalyze CO2 -insertion of C(sp3 )-H for imitating the natural enzyme's function, it can also act on non-natural carboxylation pathways for C(sp2 and sp)-H substrates. The nanocatalysts are of highly catalytic efficiency and recyclability, and can work at room temperature and near ambient CO2 condition, inspiring a new approach to sustainable C1 utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Zeng
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Zeng R, Chen L, Yan Q. CO
2
‐Folded Single‐Chain Nanoparticles as Recyclable, Improved Carboxylase Mimics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongjin Zeng
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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Adelizzi B, Chidchob P, Tanaka N, Lamers BAG, Meskers SCJ, Ogi S, Palmans ARA, Yamaguchi S, Meijer EW. Long-Lived Charge-Transfer State from B-N Frustrated Lewis Pairs Enchained in Supramolecular Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16681-16689. [PMID: 32880167 PMCID: PMC7530894 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of supramolecular polymers is rapidly expanding; however, the exploitation of these systems as functional materials is still elusive. To become competitive, supramolecular polymers must display microstructural order and the emergence of new properties upon copolymerization. To tackle this, a greater understanding of the relationship between monomers' design and polymer microstructure is required as well as a set of functional monomers that efficiently interact with one another to synergistically generate new properties upon copolymerization. Here, we present the first implementation of frustrated Lewis pairs into supramolecular copolymers. Two supramolecular copolymers based on π-conjugated O-bridged triphenylborane and two different triphenylamines display the formation of B-N pairs within the supramolecular chain. The remarkably long lifetime and the circularly polarized nature of the resulting photoluminescence emission highlight the possibility to obtain an intermolecular B-N charge transfer. These results are proposed to be the consequences of the enchainment of B-N frustrated Lewis pairs within 1D supramolecular aggregates. Although it is challenging to obtain a precise molecular picture of the copolymer microstructure, the formation of random blocklike copolymers could be deduced from a combination of optical spectroscopic techniques and theoretical simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Adelizzi
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Pongphak Chidchob
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Brigitte A. G. Lamers
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan C. J. Meskers
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium
on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium
on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Laboratory
of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry and Institute for Complex Molecular
Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
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Vidal F, McQuade J, Lalancette R, Jäkle F. ROMP-Boranes as Moisture-Tolerant and Recyclable Lewis Acid Organocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14427-14431. [PMID: 32787237 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although widely used in catalysis, the multistep syntheses and high loadings typically employed are limiting broader implementation of highly active tailor-made arylborane Lewis acids and Lewis pairs. Attempts at developing recyclable systems have thus far met with limited success, as general and versatile platforms are yet to be developed. We demonstrate a novel approach that is based on the excellent control and functional group tolerance of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The ROMP of highly Lewis acidic borane-functionalized phenylnorbornenes afforded both a soluble linear copolymer and a cross-linked organogel. The polymers proved highly efficient as recyclable catalysts in the reductive N-alkylation of arylamines under mild conditions and at exceptionally low catalyst loadings. The modular design presented herein can be readily adapted to other finely tuned triarylboranes, enabling wide applications of ROMP-borane polymers as well-defined supported organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - James McQuade
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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Xu M, Chen L, Yan Q. Gas‐Constructed Vesicles with Gas‐Moldable Membrane Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University No. 220, Handan Rd. Shanghai China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University No. 220, Handan Rd. Shanghai China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University No. 220, Handan Rd. Shanghai China
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40
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Marczenko KM, Jee S, Chitnis SS. High Lewis Acidity at Planar, Trivalent, and Neutral Bismuth Centers. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Marczenko
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samantha Jee
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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42
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Li SS, Lv XH, Sun XL, Wan WM, Bao H. Well-controlled polymerization of tri-vinyl dynamic covalent boroxine monomer: one dynamic covalent boroxine moiety toward a tunable penta-responsive polymer. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00401d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Attributed to dynamic characteristics of dynamic covalent boroxine, well-controlled polymerization of tri-vinyl monomer and molecular design of penta-responsive polymer with only one functional moiety are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Shun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
| | - Xin-Hu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- P. R. of China
| | - Xiao-Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- P. R. of China
| | - Wen-Ming Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
| | - Hongli Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
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43
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Yanbe T, Mizuguchi K, Yamakado R, Okada S. Optical property control of π-electronic systems bearing Lewis pairs by ion coordination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10654-10657. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04442c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
π-Electronic systems bearing Lewis pairs were synthesized. The tuning of the optical properties was demonstrated by the addition of various ion pairs, and these behaviours were elucidated by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yanbe
- Department of Organic Materials Science
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa 992-8510
- Japan
| | - Kei Mizuguchi
- Department of Organic Materials Science
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa 992-8510
- Japan
| | - Ryohei Yamakado
- Department of Organic Materials Science
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa 992-8510
- Japan
| | - Shuji Okada
- Department of Organic Materials Science
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa 992-8510
- Japan
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44
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Chen S, Geng Z, Zheng X, Xu J, Binder WH, Zhu J. Engineering the morphology of hydrogen-bonded comb-shaped supramolecular polymers: from solution self-assembly to confined assembly. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A library of nanostructures and multi-stage morphology transformation are realized by introducing a 3D confined assembly to hydrogen-bonded comb-shaped supramolecular polymer architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Xihuang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Natural Science II (Chemistry
- Physics and Mathematics)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
- Halle (Saale) D-06120
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage of Ministry of Education (HUST)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)
- Wuhan 430074
- China
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45
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Vidal F, Gomezcoello J, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Lewis Pairs as Highly Tunable Dynamic Cross-Links in Transient Polymer Networks. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15963-15971. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University—Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - John Gomezcoello
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University—Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University—Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University—Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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46
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Yu H, Szilvási T, Wang K, Gold JI, Bao N, Twieg RJ, Mavrikakis M, Abbott NL. Amplification of Elementary Surface Reaction Steps on Transition Metal Surfaces Using Liquid Crystals: Dissociative Adsorption and Dehydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16003-16013. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhe Yu
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 1 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kunlun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 1175 Risman Drive, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Jake I. Gold
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nanqi Bao
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 1 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Robert J. Twieg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, 1175 Risman Drive, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 1 Ho Plaza, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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47
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Xu M, Chen L, Yan Q. Gas‐Constructed Vesicles with Gas‐Moldable Membrane Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:15104-15108. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University No. 220, Handan Rd. Shanghai China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University No. 220, Handan Rd. Shanghai China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University No. 220, Handan Rd. Shanghai China
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48
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Kim Y, Liu LL, Stephan DW. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Derived 3-Azabutadiene as a π-Base in Classic and Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry. Chemistry 2019; 25:7110-7113. [PMID: 30968983 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) derived 3-azabutadienes 1 and 2 have been prepared by a single-step reaction of the corresponding NHC with cyclohexyl isocyanide. Compound 1 features π-basic, delocalized nucleophilic sites over the 3-azabutadiene moiety, therefore allowing for coordinating with small Lewis acids, such as AlCl3 , GaCl3 , and Me2 SAuCl, to form diverse classic Lewis adducts 3-5. Combination of 1 with B(C6 F5 )3 or [Ph3 C][B(C6 F5 )4 ] resulted in single-electron transfer and the obtained radical cation was detected by EPR. In addition, a frustrated Lewis pair comprised of the π-basic 1 and BPh3 effects the splitting of the O-H bond of phenol and the N-H bond of imidazole to give 7 and 8, respectively. An intrinsic bond orbital (IBO) analysis of the pathway leading to 8 showcases the transformation of the delocalized π-electrons of 1 to a newly formed C-H localized σ-bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St. Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St. Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St. Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
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49
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Yolsal U, Wang M, Royer JR, Shaver MP. Rheological Characterization of Polymeric Frustrated Lewis Pair Networks. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Utku Yolsal
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - John R. Royer
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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50
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